Ear - Science topic

No change is sound, but the releasing suction causes a brief dizzy sensation. The sound is actually nerve damage, not a real auditory sound. Dizziness, pressure related on the balance functions of the middle ear. I have lived with tinnitus for 30 years due to a fistula in the cochlea.

Thank you very much for your help! Robert Disogra

I am gonna contact him.

And I think that a combination is needed for a complete assessment of inner ear function for correct diagnosis between MD and VM.

Based on the previous reference, we have found that audiometry is indispensable as a diagnostic criterion of MD because low-frequency hearing loss can be a sign of MD. Moreover, a test battery - VEMP, Caloric tests and vHIT combined, can all be used together to differentiate between diagnosing MD and VM.

I don't have an answer to your question, but I am having a similar experience. I work with grass (Miscanthus) in a plant breeding lab. I also use the Direct PCR kit. I have been working with a new vector and when I run PCR on my samples (bacterial plasmids and grass lysates), the results are inconsistent. Bands will appear on the first run and then they disappear/show up randomly in subsequent reactions and gels. Maybe it is a problem with the kit..... I don't know.

an interesting and useful information here. thanks to all of you.

Probably ETF is not a factor here, as all facts given by Dr Aaron suggests.

Still, it may be prudent to do ETF testing before diving as suggested by Miriam.

'2) Tympanogram: do a sequence of 3 tympanograms and make notes of the MEP 1) at baseline, 2) after a gentle Valsalva and 3) after a swallow. Type of changes in MEP is useful to assess dynamic ET function."

though practical considerations are important here. We did regularly carried out ETF testing for aspirants of diving in sea. But they were holiday visitors and hence easy to monitor during the short stay.....

Hope the young man do well after cartilage tympanoplasty.

Excellent. Thanks!

Have a look at this useful link.

BC aid on the microtic ear, possible BC implant in the future (I prefer Bonebridge types rather than BAHA).

Further immediate evaluation of the left, because if the loss is profound he is running out of time for a CI to benefit the left optimally

Sven Greving

I tried this. It gave absolutely the same results for all types of Level:Stim combination. Example is showed below

Level = 30dBSL, Stim = Type1_PT:

contrast estimate SE df t.ratio p.value

CL - IL -0.302 0.149 448 -2.022 0.0437

And this was for all results :-(

If you have any other suggestions, I will appreciate that.

Best regards

Anna

Though I did not have any experimental data support, yet I assume that the internode just below and just above the uppermost ear node should be consider for determining diversity. Both internodes probably give better reflection on internodal diversity among the various genotypes.

Hi Sungjin,

Can you share the image after coating the substrate with LOR?

O2 plasma should definitely help you but I doubt if it would solve the issue from repeating?

Errata for my last answer: its not the sound intensity that would be estimated by taking the maximal value of each frequency component at different insertion depths in the ear canal but the total energy density, which is (may be) the relevant physical quantity to be reproduced ?

Dear Jean, Florian Denk has published some nice results on this topic. Just check out his research gate profile. Best regards, Jan

Hello !

i need to extract windows of buildings from 3D .obj file , How can i do it? kind suggestions...

Thanks in advance

Some more alternatives below. I have used a custom-made solution for measuring gas exchange in shoot apex in cucumber and tomato plants. Maybe relevant! Good luck!

I had the same problem when I was maintaining a large colony. Luckily, we also had the same scissor style ear punch but one size larger that is designed for rats. This one worked great for me for mice. The hole is a bit bigger but the skin never grows back or incompletely punches. I never went back to the mouse version. If you can borrow one, try it. I think you will be happy with the result!

Dear Jamil Shafi

Very interesting, thank you for sharing your solution. Local veterinarians prescribed tetracyclines to treat dermatophilosis, but there was usually a relapse after a few weeks, with a very rapid decline in body condition. We were able to control a outbreak in a sheep herd by eradicating Amblyomma variegatum ticks, which were the main triggering agent, and culling affected animals (nearly half of the flock).

If you have the opportunity, I suggest you to check up on this animal to make sure it is well healed permanently, and that there will be no relapse in the coming months.

Maher H.S. Al-Mohammad Hi Maher, Thank you so much for your info to me.

It depends upon the hypothesis and objective you have. How did you hypothesized that Maize can fix atmospheric nitrogen? It must have some special features to fix nitrogen. Like leguminous plants have symbiotic property with Rhizobium which assists in Nitrogen fixation. So if your plants are growing in nitrogen free medium, second thing you need to do is, to search for the special features in the plants which assist nitrogen fixation.

Dear Dave,

The Scripture says that, "there is a way that seemeth right unto a man, but the end there of is destruction." Every positive thinker is automatically a teacher. Some of the youths who exhibit these negative attitudes were/are being influenced by their peers through negative teaching.

Truth and freedom are the basic metaphysical laws that human beings ought to live with. Truth is logico - ontological knowledge that opens the domain of objectivity according to Immanuel Kant, while freedom is not pre - supposed to mean our acting out of exuberance or the like. It means the freedom to act within the confines of Divine, positive intuition and the ability to choose to do the right thing. It means the freedom to be who we are, and to live by personal precepts, that are worthy of emulation.

Yes, I agree with you that we live and practice the virtues that we teach. We should not be the teachers who teach our students to do what we teach, but not what we do. That is hypocrisy that will not be condoned.

I want the Nigerian government to come in practically into the Education system and monitor every facet of the system and right the wrongs that are going on there. We have a brilliant citizenry that are wasting away due to ignorance and carelessness. We can make Nigeria great again. I have more, but let me stop here.

I think the following article will be useful

Best Regards Wesam Salah Mohamed Ibrahim

I should admit I am quite confused about what you would like to do. As I understand, you would like to find out whether sex hormones affect consonant-vowel syllable accuracy. To measure this accuracy, you would simultaneously present pairs of monosyllables to your subjects, one in the Left and the other in the Right ear. Each pair is a combination of Short or Long VOT (voice-onset-time), with 4 possible combinations: SS, SL, LS, and LL. Your dependent variable is the number (or proportion) of Left Ear (LE) correct answers, e.g. presented in the left ear from a short-long combination (LE-SL, meaning the short VOT syllable was presented to the left ear, and long to the right). In this example the subject correctly identified the monosyllable with a Short VOT. Am I wright? In this example, you particularly want to compare these number of correct responses to a short VOT monosyllable, when it is presented in the Right Ear (RE-LS combination). You are interested in this instance in the Left – Right Ear distinction. This corresponds to the first repeated measures factor: Ear, with 2 levels.

Secondly, you are also interested in the VOT combinations: SS, SL, LS, and LL. In my opinion this corresponds to the second repeated measures factor: VOT combination, with (indeed) 4 levels.

Thirdly, you also are interested in the menstrual cycle, which 3 Sessions (repeated measures).

I understand that you are interested in differences in accuracy between Left and Right Ear, but I would not calculate difference scores. You can assess these differences with testing the effect of Ear.

So, the 3-way repeated measures ANOVA on the %% correct responses – in my opinion – still holds.

Also the conditions or situations in which one laughs or smiles varies in relation to culture to some extent. For example, in some cultures it is common to laugh or smile when embarrassed while in others it is not usual.

Yes, you can dilate up to 4 FR in NZW adult rabbits. We do this commonly for flourscopy procedures.

Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha, Iam highly thankful for your appreciation.

Regards

I completely agree with the answers from Tim Ziemer and Xenia Kontogianni . We did a similar investigation on the STI in a virtual room. Check out the poster and let me know if you have any questions.

13Hz sounds like a physiological eeg signal, alpha wave or something? I remember from long latency auditory evoked potentials it was important to keep the subjects alert to minimise alpha rhythms...

Thanks a lot!

Dear Sir..one of virulent factors is escape mechanisms to avoid phagocytosis process, these mechanisms include spreading enzymes, toxins, capsules, protein A and so on, I believe; chemotactic receptors can play a major role in that.

Rafael,

Thank you for participating, and, for putting forth some very pertinent points.

I think you will find the following useful.

At the beginning of any session, after introductory formalities are over and the vital statistics are flicked over, I turn to my patients, and ask them how may I help them.

Try it. It really works.

I think this article will be useful!

I do not think that it is an abnormality. These are called husk leaves and the character is under genetic control. The expression of this character would depend on the fertility of the soil and nutrition. In highly fertile soil and good growing conditions the expression would be more. This character is heritable.

Hi Swetha,

I agree with Philip. In my experience, I've obtained primary cultures from marsupials and monotremes using similar methods, but I didn't even need to use collagenase as the cells just grew out. I'd follow Philip's protocol, adding that we found Amniomax to be an excellent medium for generating explant cultures.

Antibiotics is a must. Once you have enough cells, split off a small well and culture without antibiotics and see when you are infection-free.

Kind regards,

Jason

Use 3D face images data sets where images are captured from every angle like for expressions in yale faces dataset.

thank you

This hermaphrodism, or production of female flowers in the tassel, is probably a hormonal upset caused by drought. Ethylene production is triggered by a number of stresses, including drought, and etheylene is known to promote female sex expression in a number of species including corn and cucumber. I can send you some references over email if you'll send me your email address. Mine is gregg@wvwc.edu.

Thanks Reuben Reyes sir for your reply

You might find the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, Volume 46 (2013) "The Middle Ear: Science, Otosurgery, and Technology", edited by S.Puria, R.R. Fay and A.N. Popper useful. For example in the chapter by J. Rosowski, it says:

The book contains many comments and data on Pars flaccida.

Geoff Manley

Deatr Tariq M Khan sir

Thanks for reply and your valuable time

I`m not sure, but, It seems that the surface ration between the round and oval windows can play a little role in stimulating the inner ear through the pressure deference, However this effect can be very small in the intact middle ear and get importance in cases of ossicular interruption or near-total tympanic membrane perforations..

"... Sound conducted down the ear canal sets the tympanicmembrane into motion, which condenses and rarifies the air within the closed middle ear airspace, creating a sound pressure, PME . This middle ear sound pressure stimulates the oval andround windows. Since for much of the frequency range of interest, the dimensions of the middleear spaces are much smaller than the wavelength of sound, the middle ear sound pressures justoutside the oval and round windows will be very similar to the pressure within the middle ear: PME=Pow=PRW' However, because of small non-uniformities in the cavity shape, Pow and PRW are not exactly equal and the difference, 6P = Pow - PRW' is non-zero but small. Bekesy (1947, 1960) and Voss et ai. (2007, see Fig. 3.10) measured the acoustically coupled Pow and PRW produced by an ear canal sound pressure and found the window-pressure difference (6P) to be 30-50 dB smaller in magnitude than the ear canal sound pressure. The small size of the acoustically coupled window-pressure difference relative to the ear canal stimulus points out that acoustic coupling is not an efficient method of stimulating the inner ear, although in cases of ossicular interruption or near-total tympanic membrane perforations the acoustically coupled 6P can act as the primary stimulus to the inner ear (Peake et aI., 1992; Merchant et ai., 1997; Voss et ai., 2007). "

(2010-01-14). Fuchs, P. (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Ear. : Oxford University Press,. Retrieved 3 Aug. 2018, from http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199233397.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199233397.

Thank you.

Hi,

Do you still have the problem, can we help?

Hi Khawar,

I have tried and tested following two methods. You can give them a try. SDS method yields less DNA with greater purity than Proteinase K method and vice versa.

All the best.

It depends on the cultural environment of the families.

May not be relevant but there have been many studies of 'sonic driving' during trance experience and other situations. Personally, I was trained in facilitating shamanic trance postures using rattle by Felicitas Goodman, Spirits Ride the Wind, etc. In my search at least in English Neher 1961 was a pioneer on this topic. Goodman also mentions in her books EEG studies of practitioners of shamanic trance. Somewhere I read a study recently that sonic driving is an independent variable for trance; not necessary.

Best regards,

The numbers 7% verbal feeling, 38% vocal feeling, 55% facial feeling appear in Mehrabian's 1971 book entitled Silent Messages, but, as you say, Mehrabian's ideas have been consitently misrepresented ever since. If all these essays that you are reading that state "research says", but not not provide a reputable source, are student essays, then there are things that could be done to encourage students to be more critical about claims and sources.

Hi, thanks so much. I did not know this report.

That was very kind of you :-)

If you still need an answer to this question, the protocol we use uses tail. I believe tail is the preferred source because there are so many more cells that can be acquired. Also, when pulling the skin from the tail, you should pull in the direction of the hairs.

I'm including a link to a paper with a protocol that can help with ideas for this.

http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9781588292674-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-396819-p173728460

Hope this helps.

Dear Sikkandar, dear Stephany and everybody else!

You asked how the substances go from the ear to the gut? Of corse all oral medication goes to the gut and from there to the blood and with the blood everywhere else in the body including the brain. If a herbal solution is poured into the ear tube and has en effect on migraine it is absorbed transcutaneously and transmucously, the effective components of the herbs go into the blood and are also transported to the brain. Important is not the physical quantity but the (basically homeopathic) information or the frequency of the herbal solution. This is the modern scientific explanation of the phenomenon why anything poured into the ear tube will also have an effect in the brain.

Best regards

Andreas

kindly apply keloid (scar) preventing medicament. It is my guess only. Thanks

@Christoph

Many thanks for your request. Unfortunately, the project does not encourage interested persons to work on the data of others. Rather, the individuals are encouraged to produce the stimuli themselves, analyse them, and be convinced by their own experiments that the concept is right. The primary reason for this position is that the analysis produce several different results depending on the software in use and the configurations of the software. For example, I used  four different software to analyse the same signal and obtained four  completely different results,  Besides, different configurations of the same software produced totally different results for the same signal. And there arose the question: How does the pitch meter do it?

This problem arose some 19 years ago in my PhD years. We came to the conclusion to set out the methodology and allow others to replicate the experiment and convince themselves by means of their own data.

Now, I presented a paper at the 22nd International Congress on Acoustics last year (Buenos Aires). I was rather surprised that major international publishers and journals on acoustics and music invited me to submit the paper to their journal for republication. I didn't bother. However, the pressure continued. Finally I agreed to give the full paper to a journal and it was accepted without a question. The  journal offers me the privilege to set up a group of researchers on this matter. Therefore, the aim is to get participants to replicate the experiment using different musical pitches to test the mechanical model in order to arrive at a large pool of data on this subject. It is therefore not encouraged that one participant analyses the stimuli of another. Otherwise, rather than make scientific progress on the subject, it would turn into a forum for controversies considering the technological limitations mentioned above. At request I can send you the copy of the original paper and you can see the methodology and better appreciate the significance of the project. Basically, just for some insight on the matter, this is the methodology:

(1) Take a string (on a guitar, for example).

(2) Produce any given musical tone (Say C4)

(3) Reduce the string to the shortest sub length  possible.

(4) Tune the string using the tension head to produce the same tone C4

(5) Analyse the two signals and observe their  spectral structures.

(6) Ask yourself how the ear or the pitch meter arrives at the pitch using the acoustic data obtained.

A global pool of data on this experiment would help scientists provide help for sufferers of hearing loss

Akpan

The "Gold Standard" is fMRI imaging.  Eg, if you stimulate a point near the 5th toe, areas in the occipital lobe "light up",  or stimulate a point on the ventral wrist between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus, near where your wrist watch might sit, and multiple centres in the cerebellum "light up". You need large sums of money, even in a small pilot study. Costs range from a low of AUD$360 per 1/2 hour at University of Melbourne, Australia through USD$621 per hour at University of Michigan to up to USD$800 per 1/2 hour at Indiana University.

After tympanoplasty, definitely. This stabilises both the drum repair and the EAC skin flaps, the latter to prevent cicatrising stenosis of loos tissues.

The packs should be soft, non-soluble and non-adherent to raw surfaces. Antibacterial and anti fungal agents are preferable.

Options include gel foam (liquefies), cotton ribbon/balls (excite vascular ingrowth), Merocel wicks (likewise).

I personally use 3x20mm thin strips of Allevyn (Smith and Nephew). This has a pink non-adherent side which avoids vascular ingrowth when laid on raw tissue. The Allevyn is soft, slightly spongy and hydrophilic. .1% betamthasone with .3% ciprofloxacin ointment and some clotrimazole cream avoids infection. The strips are left in situ 3/52 and are easily removed, even in children.

Avoid BIPP - it is not very effective, irritates tissues, is tedious to remove and causes iodine allergy. 

Bruce Black

Whilst hearing ability is present, and can be tested, in the gestational stage, it has not reached what may be regarded as normal. During the first 4 days following birth,  the hearing ability, as indicated by the otoacoustic emission, almost triples in activity.  So much for the cochlea. Brainstem measures indicate a much loh=nger development of the auditory system.

Have you tried PIPE and did it work for you.

I advised somebody to achieve plasmid with AA (A-s where with length 2500) and for her PIPE eventually worked.

Hannes

I am not sure where the superficial temporal artery was compromised in your patient - if it was distal to the takeoff of the middle temporal artery, that vessel may be used.  The middle temporal artery flap is sometimes used in mastoid obliteration and otologic surgery to surround grafts.  

Example:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15129099

Also, could vascularized tissue be brought up from the neck (i.e. posterior belly of the digastric or part of the SCM)?  That would obviously be at the expense of a longer incision with increased potential morbidity however.  Just a thought.  Best of luck.

Wouldnt that affect our hearing  results ? 

Hello Bamgboye, I am expert in this field but have read sometimes about this; sharing this with you

An international team of researchers studied the genes of people from 33 populations across the world and found ethnicity effects. Yoshiura et al (2006) indicates that human earwax consists of wet and dry types. Dry earwax is frequent in East Asians, whereas wet earwax is common in other populations.In their research they identified the specific genes that are responsible for earwax and investigated why there were different types.  Yoshiura and colleagues are very specific as to which genes and variations are responsible, they suggest that a specific gene alters the shape of a channel that controls the flow of molecules directly affecting earwax type.

They also found in East Asians, a mutation of the gene that prevents the molecule that makes earwax wet, from entering the mix.   Yoshiura et al (2006) study suggesting that dry earwax is seen in up to 95% of East Asians, but in no more than 3% of people of European and African origin.   Populations in Southern Asia, the Pacific Islands, Central Asia, Asia Minor, and Native North Americans and those of Asian ancestry, fall in the middle with dry wax incidence ranging from 30 to 50 percent.

Sir the patient had intermittent unilateral discharge over a number of years,it wasn't profuse. She did not have earache or any symptoms which were relieved on discharge. Also she had no idea what could have set it off. 

Sorry i sent that one by mistake. I tried the Kinematic method. Check the attached paper.

I have not worked with FITC model. But generally for each mice you require 40 ul (20ul to each ear) and 40*6=240 ul for each group. Considering you have 3 groups you need 240*3=720 ul. If you consider dead volume and wastage, at least 1 ml you need to prepare per study. So you can easily weigh 5 mg and dissolve in 1 ml of vehicle.

Hope it is useful

Nagaraj

Mario,

In the firing for shorter time periods, the rate varies stochastically, even if an auditory fibre is phase locked to a high degree (perfect phase locking is not observed, but vector strengths can be very high, meaning that the vast majority of intervals are locked to the phase of the stimulus). So it really is a question of what you mean by constant. The most exact spacing in time is only achieved during phase locking to high-level sounds at low frequencies – that is frequencies below the maximum firing rate of the fibre. Above that frequency, some of the cycles of the stimulus will be “missed”, i.e. the fibre will not be able to fire again that quickly. However, the spacing of the next firing will still be closely related to the phase (one, two, three cycles, etc). There is no minimum firing rate of auditory neurons in the cochlea – all of them have spontaneous activity that can be from below 1 spike/s up to about 100/s. During phase locking, such spontaneous firings become “locked” to the sound stimulus. The maximum firing rate of primary auditory neurons is somewhat higher than 300/second, pretty much irrespective of the best-response sound frequency. This maximum rate is not restricted to the auditory system but is true for all neurons of endothermic vertebrates. The longer the sound pulse, the more the rate will fall over time, often reaching a lower plateau rate after about 50 -100 ms (this is called adaptation). As I wrote before, it is likely that at low frequencies, the brain uses the spacing of the firings to derive the frequency of the sound (originally called the “volley theory”). Above frequencies where the spacing between firings no longer contains this information, i.e., above perhaps 1-2 kHz in humans (this is a guess), the information concerning the frequency of the sound is only conveyed by the place of origin of the fibres in the cochlea (tonotopic organization). What a firing neuron sounds like (the one in this video has a very variable rate and is not, I think, an auditory neuron) can be heard at:

I am not aware of a web site that offers a real sound recording of cochlear neurons firing, but some firing patterns are shown, for example in:

Geoff Manley

The strongest stimulus for clinical testing of the stapedial reflex is a strong puff of air from a Politzer bag into the opposite EAM.  This combines a loud acoustic stimulus (like white noise) with a tactile stimulus.  Even if there is no hearing left in this ear, there will still be a large contralateral stapedial reflex from the touch receptors inside the EAM.   Again, I don't think any contribution from pain or itch will be detected in the stapedial reflex.

First of all tinnitus is not a disease. It is a symptom stemming from one or several causes with a physical origin as well as an imbalance due to stress and mental dysfunction. To be able to help the patients we need to realize that tinnitus is a symptom. 

How do you know that the hearing loss is of vacualar origin?

Thank You Vladimir. But the Morbilli are in over 90 % very light illnes by little children! The complications are most frequently by adults. Why is then necessery the immunisation?? THe immune rection after infection and or immunistion can delay 6 and more months.

There two schools on measuring Acoustic Reflex in Contra-lateral ear.  One is contra with reference to Probe ear (Right Contra : Probe in Left ear and Stimulus in Right Ear). Some Other consider contra with reference to stimulus ear (i.e Right Contra: Stimulus Presented in Left ear). Usually what specified in books is contra with reference to Probe Ear. 

Vijay

In vivo? but how can you be sure that it is a biofilm and not only a  contamination due to infection? have this yeast antifungal resistance? (biofilm formation is associated with antifungal resistance).. 

Of my daily experience, i met some patients coming in my clinic for their tinnitus. I do my best to rule out any risky underneath cause like tumoral cause particularly if tinnitus is unilateral. I found that most of these patients seen before by private ENT doctor who put them on ginkgo for 2 -3 months & all of them experienced no improvement of their tinnitus.    

I have never seen such nor can I find it at Pubmed under "gestational tympanic membrane perforation" nor "tympanic membrane perforation pregnancy." All I have done now for 35 years is ears and I have done over 8000 ear surgeries, about 40% of that for chronic ear diisease. If you are seeing such, I encourage you to photo-document it and publish it with the audiologic findings.