EAE - Science topic

Multiple sclerosis is a severe demyelinating disease mediated by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, especially pathogenic T lymphocytes that produce the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Although the factors and molecules that drive the genesis of these cells are not completely known,...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is under investigation as a promising therapy for treatment-refractory MS. Here we identify a reactive myeloid state in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE...

In addition to disease-associated microglia (DAM), microglia with MHC-II and/or IFN-I signatures may form additional pathogenic subsets that are relevant to neurodegeneration. However, the significance of such MHC-II and IFN-I signatures remains elusive. We demonstrate here that these microglial subsets play intrinsic roles in orchestrating neuroto...

Tectona grandis is a traditional Dai medicine plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which can be used to treat malaria, inflammation, diabetes, liver disease, bronchitis, tumors, cholelithiasis, jaundice, skin disease and as an anti-helminthic. To find more novel therapeutic agents contained in this medicinal plant, the antioxidant, anti-inflamm...

Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult CNS. In neuroinflammatory conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), IGF-1 can regulate cellular s...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. Recent investigations highlight the gut-brain axis as a communication network with crucial implications in neurological diseases. Thus, disrupted intestinal integrity allows the translocation of luminal molecules into systemic circulation, promoting systemic/brain immune-inflammat...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. MS is a heterogeneous disorder of multiple factors that are mainly associated with the immune system including the breakdown of the blood-brain and spinal cord barriers induced by T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells, and...

Introduction: Five to eight percent of the world population currently suffers from at least one autoimmune disorder. Despite multiple immune modulatory therapies for autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, these treatments can be limiting for subsets of patients due to adverse effects and expense. To circumvent these barri...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS that is linked with both genetic and environmental factors. A Western-style diet rich in fat and simple sugars is hypothesized as a potential factor contributing to the increased incidence of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as MS, in developed countries. Although the a...

Interleukin-17A plays a crucial role in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Although the link between IL-17 and disease activity has been clearly demonstrated, the precise function of this cytokine remains elusive. Here, we investigated the function of astrocyte-targeted IL-17A production in GF/IL-17 transgenic mice during EAE. In par...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the CNS thought to require an environmental trigger. Gut dysbiosis is common in MS, but specifically causative species are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used sensitive and quantitative PCR detection to show that people with MS were more likely to harbor and show a greater abundance of eps...

Centaurea parviflora (C. parviflora), belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an Algerian medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat different diseases related to hyperglycemic and inflammatory disorders, as well as in food. The present study aimed to assess the total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and phytoche...

FOXP3 ⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on exogenous IL-2 for their survival and function, but circulating levels of IL-2 are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource in vivo . Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed cent...

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune-mediated myelin damage disorder in the central nervous system that is widespread among neurological patients. It has been demonstrated that several genetic and epigenetic factors control autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, through CD4+ T-cell population quantity. Alterations in the gut micro...

It was shown that the spontaneous development of experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice occurs due to changes in the profile of bone marrow stem cells differentiation. This leads to the appearance of lymphocytes producing antibodies-abzymes that hydrolyze DNA, myelin basic protein (MBP), and histones. The activity of abzymes in the hy...

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, the autoimmune targets are still undefined. The extracellular e1 sequence of KCNJ10, the inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel 4.1, has been subject to fierce debate for its role as a candidate autoantigen in multiple sclerosis. Kir4.1 is expressed in the CN...

Regulatory T cells (Treg) maintain immune homeostasis due to their anti-inflammatory functions. They can be generated either centrally in the thymus or in peripheral organs. Metabolites such as short chain fatty acids produced by intestinal microbiota can induce peripheral Treg differentiation, by activating G-protein-coupled-receptors like GPR109A...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widespread chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. Microglia play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS via the release of cytokines and reactive oxygen species, e.g., nitric oxide. Research involving the role of phytocannabinoids in neuroinflammation is currently receiving much attention. Cannabiger...

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While most of the current treatment strategies focus on immune cell regulation, except for the drug siponimod, there is no therapeutic intervention that primarily aims at neuroprotection and remyelination. Recently, nimodipine showed a beneficial a...

The activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis proinflammatory cell death in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms of the inflammatory processes of microglia in EAE remain unclear. Our previous studies suggested that interleukin-...

Lipid membrane turnover and myelin repair play a central role in diseases and lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to analyze lipid composition changes due to inflammatory conditions. We measured the fatty acid (FA) composition in erythrocytes (RBCs) and spinal cord tissue (gas chromatography) derived from m...

Epidemiological studies support the idea that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease, overlapping genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. A better definition of environmental risks is critical to understand both etiology and the sex-related differences of MS. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) fully represents on...

The transforming growth factor receptor III (TβRIII) is commonly recognized as a co-receptor that promotes the binding of TGFβ family ligands to type I and type II receptors. Within the immune system, TβRIII regulates T cell development in the thymus and is differentially expressed through activation; however, its function in mature T cells is uncl...

IL-27 is an IL-12 family cytokine with immune regulatory properties, capable of modulating inflammatory responses, including autoimmunity. While extensive studies investigated the major target cells of IL-27 mediating its functions, the source of IL-27 especially during tissue specific autoimmune inflammation has not formally been examined. IL-27p2...

Optic neuropathy is a group of optic nerve (ON) diseases with progressive degeneration of ON and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The lack of neuroprotective treatments is a central challenge for this leading cause of irreversible blindness. SARM1 (sterile α and TIR motif-containing protein 1) has intrinsic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) hy...

Background: Although the beneficial role of training and the use of some antioxidants in physiological and psychological disorders in autoimmune diseases has been reported, the simultaneous effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) with different doses is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of AT and R...

Epilobium angustifolium L. is a medicinal plant well known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties related to its high polyphenols content. In the present study, we evaluated the antiproliferative properties of ethanolic extract of E. angustifolium (EAE) against normal human fibroblasts (HDF) and selected ca...

In recent years, food quality and safety have gained increasing attention. However, due to the complexity of food composition, accurate classical extraction techniques require using toxic organic solvents. The development of green extraction techniques has come to the fore to repress this drawback. In this review, the recent novel methodologies for...

NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases, but few clinical drugs are identified that directly target the NLRP3 inflammasome to treat these diseases to date. Here, we show that the anticancer agent tivantinib is a selective inhibitor of NLRP3 and has a strong therapeutic effect o...

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development envisions a rational use of energy and resources in all technological processes. However, in the extraction methods of compounds from medicinal plants and herbs, there is an urgent to reduce the use of organic solvents and increase the energy efficiency of these methods. Therefore, a sustainable extractio...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that vulnerable neurons in MS exhibit fatal metabolic exhaustion over time, a phenomenon hypothesized to be caused by chronic hyperexcitability. Axonal Kv7 (outward rectifying) and oligodendroglial Kir4.1 (inward r...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric comorbidities of MS, which seriously affect patients’ quality of life, treatment compliance, and prognosis. However, current treatments for anxiety and depression in MS show low therapeutic effic...

The exact mechanisms of the evolution of multiple sclerosis are still unknown. At the same time, the development in C57BL/6 mice of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, simulating human multiple sclerosis) happens as a result of the violation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell differentiation profiles integrated with the production o...

Abstract Background The presence of meningeal ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) in a subgroup of patients diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) corresponds to a pronounced cortical inflammation and an aggravated disease course. In MP4-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple scleros...

The Antarctic Streptomyces fildesensis has been recognized for its production of antimicrobial compounds with interesting biological activities against foodborne bacteria and multi-resistant strains, but not for its potential antiproliferative activity and mechanisms involved. Two bioactive ethyl acetate extract (EAE) fractions were purified via th...

Neuropathic pain is the most difficult-to-treat pain syndrome in multiple sclerosis. Evidence relates neuropathic pain to demyelination, which often originates from unresolved neuroinflammation or altered immune response. Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression might play a fundamental role in the regulation of these processes. The ELAV R...

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) regulate 3’,5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in T cells. cAMP as ubiquitous second messenger is crucial for adequate physiology of T cells by mediating effector T cell (Teff) function as well as regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression. Several GPCRs have been identified to be crucial for...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although classically considered a demyelinating disease, neuroaxonal injury occurs in both the acute and chronic phases and represents a pathologic substrate of disability not targeted by current therapies. Nitric oxide (NO) generated by CNS macrophages and...

CNS inflammation triggers activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). We previously reported that prolonging the ISR protects remyelinating oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in the presence of inflammation (Chen et al., eLife, 2021). However, the exact mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. Here, we investigated whet...

Accumulating data suggest an important role of growth factors in autoimmune diseases and parasitic nematode infections. Nematodes are used in clinical studies of autoimmune diseases and parasite-derived molecules are widely studied for their therapeutic potential in various types of disorders. However, the effect of nematode infection on growth fac...

ApTOLL is an aptamer specifically designed to antagonize toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is involved in the innate immunity that promotes inflammatory responses in several diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic, immune, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that represents the second most...

The current study assessed the metabolite abundance, alpha (α)-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of endophytic Penicillium lanosum (PL) and Penicillium radiatolobatum (PR). A higher extract yield was found in EAE-PR with a total phenolic content of 119.87 ± 3.74 mg of GA...

B cells play a key mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune etiology. B cells contribute to disease initiation and progression by acting as professional antigen presenting cells as well as via secreting autoantibodies and pro‐inflammatory cytokin...

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a distinct autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder, affects millions of people worldwide, including Saudi Arabia. Changes in the gut microbiome are linked to the development of neuroinflammation via mechanisms that are not fully understood. Prebiotics and probiotics in camel milk that has been fermented have a variety of heal...

Background and Objectives Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) B-cell depletion is a remarkably successful multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, which target antigens in a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–restricted manner, can penetrate tissues more thoroughly than mAbs. However, a previous study indi...

Introduction: Among the most frequent demyelinating autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Berberine is an alkaloid found in some medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice...

Estrogen is a disease-modifying factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) via estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). However, the mechanisms by which ERa signaling contributes to changes in disease patho-genesis have not been completely elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that ERa deletion in dendri...

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis can directly or indirectly affect the immune system through the brain-gut axis and play a role in the occurrence and development of Multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxymatrine (OMAT) has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of MS in the classical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) m...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its preclinical models are characterized by marked changes in neuroplasticity, including excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and synaptic dysfunction that are believed to underlie the progressive cognitive impairment (CI), which represents a significant clinical hallmark of the disease. In this study, we investigated several...

In multiple sclerosis and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, both resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages contribute to demyelination as well as spontaneous remyelination. Nevertheless, the specific roles of microglia versus macrophages are unknown. We investigated the influence of microglia in EAE using the colony s...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a profound neurodegenerative component early in the disease pathogenesis. Age is a factor with a well-described effect on the primary disease phenotype, namely, the relapsing-remitting vs. the primary progressive disease. Moreover, aging is a prominen...

Epidemiological studies show that omega-3 fatty acid consumption is associated with improved conditions in neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanism of this association is not well understood. Emerging evidence suggests that parent molecules such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are converted into downstream me...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)1. Astrocytes are heterogeneous CNS-resident glial cells that participate in the pathogenesis of MS and its model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)2,3. However, few unique surface markers are available for the isolation of astrocyte subsets, p...

Background: In this research, the response of a 10 × 10 × 10 mm3 commercially available PbF2 crystal was experimentally assessed under X-ray and gamma ray radiation to verify the possible application of this material in X-ray medical imaging. Methods: The measurements were performed under X-ray from 50 to 130 kVp and gamma ray excitation (Tc-99m 14...

Purpose: As a traditional herb product, the root of Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder (Chinese name: Jin Quegen [JQG]) has been widely used in folk medicines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, which herbal constituents exert a core pharmacological role in RA treatment remains a great challenge due to the multiple phytochemical consti...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has received much attention, yet there is still no certain cure. We herein investigate the therapeutic effect of olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-pentacosanoate (OPCA) on a preclinical model of MS. First, OPCA was synthesized semisynthetically and characterized. Then, the mice with MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune/all...

Diet and microbiome influence the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases potentially via dietary fiber which modulates gut microbial activity and local immune surveillance. Recently, it was shown that a diet rich in cellulose reduced the number of mice developing opticospinal encephalomyelitis, but did not affect disease severity in a spontaneous m...

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model of MS. Oxygen therapy, such as hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) or normobaric oxygen (NBO), has been advanced as a potential treatment option to allay the motor and sensory defici...

Introduction : Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the destruction of the blood–brain barrier, loss of myelin sheath, and contribution of inflammatory interleukins such as TNF‐alpha, interleukin‐17, and interleukin‐6. Methods : The current study investigated the effect of antigen B of hydatid cyst fluid on the reduction of anti‐inflammator...