Science topic
Drought - Science topic
A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply whether surface or underground water.
Questions related to Drought
As i calculate the SPEI1 using the 30 year data i get the value for the each month one value some of are in positive and negative also ? now how i say that this area is drought prone or not? and how to make a the map?
How to maintain agriculture in the situation of the progressive process of global warming and the resulting water resources that are rapidly decreasing from year to year?
How to maintain agriculture, a high level of agricultural productivity in a situation of rapidly declining rainfall from year to year, intensifying summer heat, the progressive process of soil aridity, declining supplies of surface water, subsoil water and in some areas even deep water levels, increasingly frequent phenomena of weather anomalies and climatic disasters and other negative effects of the progressive process of global warming?
One of the consequences of the progressive process of global warming is the rapidly declining surface and sub-surface water resources in increasingly large land areas, including areas used for agriculture. From the results of thousands of scientific papers, it is known that the global warming process, which has been progressing more and more rapidly over the past more than 2 centuries, is the result of the accumulation of excess greenhouse gases in the planet's atmosphere, including CO2, methane and others in the period since the beginning of the first industrial revolution. Therefore, on the one hand, in order to slow down the progressive process of global warming, a green transformation of the economy is being carried out with a special focus on those sectors of the economy that generate the most greenhouse gas emissions. This kind of sector is also carried out in a formula of climate and environmentally unsustainable and industrial livestock farming, mainly cows. However, the processes of green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of energy, transportation, construction and also agriculture, including the development of sustainable agriculture of organic crop farming is progressing too slowly, greenhouse gas emissions are still high, the process of global warming continues to progress rapidly, the planet's greenhouse effect is worsening, the scale of weather anomalies and climatic disasters and the negative effects of climate change such as droughts, heat, water shortages are steadily increasing. Therefore, in parallel with the processes of green transformation of the economy, it is necessary to create systems for protecting the biosphere, counteracting the negative effects of climate change, safeguarding the achievements of human civilization from the escalation of the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming in the future, using new technologies at the same time to organize solutions to reduce the scale of the negative impact of climate change processes on the man-made economy, and thus safeguarding future generations of people from the development of negative scenarios of future deepening of the said negative processes of climate change. Such protective measures, safeguarding the economy and limiting the scale of the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming should also include farms. Within the framework of such protective measures, it is necessary to create technological solutions that increase the scale of saving water used in agriculture, develop systems and installations for catching rainwater and collecting it in specially created retention tanks, etc. In addition, as part of the development of sustainable organic agriculture, it is also necessary to improve waste separation and recycling systems, improve composting techniques, build small-scale power plants that generate energy for the farm from renewable energy sources (solar, wind, geothermal, biogas plants), return to old farming techniques, e.g., rotating and fallowing in order to increase the amount of water used in agriculture. rotation and fallowing to slow the process of soil aridity, replacement of pesticides and other chemical pesticides and fertilizers with their organic counterparts, increasing the scale of agricultural biodiversity instead of production monocultures of crops of a single variety of agricultural crops, creation of crop varieties more resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, including more resistant to the worsening negative effects of climate change, etc. The implementation of this plan is expected to help
The implementation of the plan for the green transformation of the economy, including agriculture, is to be helped by a European Union program referred to as the EU's New Green Deal. Farmers are well aware of all this. However, on the other hand, in the online social media, organized criminal groups acting on behalf of certain political and business circles are carrying out disinformation and paraheterist actions vilifying the European Union and the EU's New Green Deal. Such organized disinformation and paraheterist activities have recently intensified in connection with the European Parliament elections.
I have described the key issues concerning the problems of the green transformation of the economy in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How to maintain agriculture, a high level of productivity of agricultural crops in a situation of rapidly declining rainfall from year to year, intensifying summer heat, the progressive process of soil aridity, declining surface, subsoil and in some areas even deep water levels, increasingly frequent phenomena of weather anomalies and climatic disasters and other negative effects of the process of global warming that is progressing faster and faster?
How to sustain agriculture in the situation of the progressive process of global warming and the resulting water resources that are rapidly declining year after year?
How to maintain agriculture in the situation of the progressive process of global warming and the resulting rapidly declining water resources from year to year?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
Which software use to analysis the drought or software use in modeling drought?
What are the new technologies for desalination and purification of seawater without the consumption of electricity that can already be applied in areas with freshwater scarcity?
But the scarcity of drinking water occurring in an increasing number of countries in Europe and also on other continents is caused not only by the progressive process of global warming, but also by unsustainable agriculture carried out in ignorance of the planet's climate and biosphere. But the scarcity of drinking water occurring in an increasing number of countries in Europe and also on other continents is caused not only by the progressive process of global warming, but also by unsustainable agriculture carried out in ignorance of the planet's climate and biosphere. The over-intensive, production-intensive cultivation of agricultural crops, mainly for the production of fodder for livestock rather than food for humans, and the production of exotic fruit sold mainly in supermarkets and hypermarkets in other countries, is also a significant factor in the excessive consumption of surface water and rainwater and the decline in drinking water levels over ever larger areas.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the new technologies for desalination and purification of seawater without the consumption of electricity that can already be applied in areas characterised by freshwater scarcity?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Hello, scientific community hope you are doing well. I am modeling the prediction of meteorological drought using the climate data (RCP4.5 & 8.5). However, I got stuck in the bias correction of downloaded data. Could anyone please help me out with this? I have tried to do it in Cmhyd software earlier but did not get the desired results. If anyone has Python code to do it, please share it in DM. Happy modeling. Thanks in advance.
Satellite images are available for various bandwidths. How can we reap benefits of AI to classify and recognise the status of water bodies? How can we predict the availability of quality water for human use and agriculture? How can we help the situation of drought and flood?
Which types of plant agricultural crops will decline production most rapidly in the future as a result of the increasingly rapid process of global warming?
Which types, varieties, species of vegetables, fruits and other vegetable agricultural crops will decline most rapidly in production globally over the next future decades of time as a result of the increasingly rapid process of global warming?
For example, by 2050, about 50 percent of arabica coffee plantations will disappear globally due to progressive global warming.
Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire are major producers of cocoa beans. In early 2024, these regions were hit first by heavy rains and then by droughts.
Cocoa prices on commodity exchanges quickly went up. These are further examples of the already realizing large-scale impact of climate change on crop production, more specifically, generating large drops in the level of said production.
The scale of weather anomalies and climatic cataclysms derived from climate change processes is increasing every year. April 2024 was the warmest April in Poland in the history of measurements. Some places in Poland saw temperatures of almost plus 30 degrees C. The spring and near-summer temperatures in April were followed by frosts that wiped out flowers on flowering fruit trees. Many fruit growers lost most or even almost all or all of their projected crop of apples, cherries or other fruits. Interviews with fruit growers show that for at least 2 generations of farmers, fruit growers had not previously experienced such severe weather anomalies
I have described the key issues concerning the problems of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of this process and, therefore, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Which types, varieties, species of vegetables, fruits and other vegetable crops will be the fastest declining in production on a global scale in the perspective of the next future decades of time as a result of the accelerating process of global warming?
Which types of plant agricultural crops will be the fastest declining in production in the future as a result of the increasingly rapid process of global warming?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
I completed my MPhil thesis on "Enhancing Drought Monitoring and Risk Evaluation Systems Using Multi-Indices, Remote Sensing, and Stochastic Modeling: A Case Study of South Punjab, Pakistan." Now, I'm exploring potential topics for my PhD. My areas of interest include Disaster Management, Artificial Intelligence, GIS, and Remote Sensing. I'd appreciate any suggestions you might have.
Is agriculture prepared for the effects of climate change, including, in particular, the negative effects on agricultural crops of the ongoing process of global warming, the scale of which will increase in the future?
Since the beginning of the first industrial revolution, anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities have been increasing. During this period, the average level of atmospheric temperature has also been rising as a result of the greenhouse effect generated by the accumulation of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the planet's atmosphere, including primarily methane, a particularly greenhouse gas. The said greenhouse effect is the source of climate change, the main element of which is the accelerating process of global warming. The accelerating process of global warming is causing many adverse effects on human existence and on the planet's biosphere. The negative effects of the accelerating process of global warming include increasingly severe droughts occurring more frequently and covering larger and larger land areas, shortages of drinking water appearing in more and more new areas in many parts of the various continents, violent storms with heavy downpours becoming more frequent in some places, soil barrenness, increasingly higher temperatures and heat in the summer, a decline in the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, and so on. The impact of these processes varies considerably across the world's land regions. For example, according to the World Meteorological Organization and the Copernicus program, i.e. the European Union's Earth observation program, Europe is the fastest warming continent. Since the beginning of the industrial age, the average temperature of the planet has risen by about 2.5 degrees C. Globally, the increase has been about 1 deg C lower. Also, the impact of the ongoing global warming process, i.e. the negative impact on individual industries and sectors of the economy, is and will also vary considerably. Agriculture, for example, is one of those sectors of the economy that will be particularly extremely negatively affected by the global warming process. Accordingly, in some countries, the agriculture carried out in the formula of traditional, intensive, production-intensive, unsustainable agriculture is already being converted to sustainable organic agriculture, which not only produces healthy and mainly or exclusively vegetable crops without the use of pesticides, herbicides and other chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and also applies the goals of sustainable development, the principles of the circular economy and generates energy from renewable and emission-free energy sources. In addition to the conversion of intensive-production formula agriculture to sustainable, emission-free organic farming, in some countries farms are already being prepared and hedged for the future scenario of deepening global warming in the coming years. In order to ensure that the level of crop yields does not drop significantly in the coming years, it is becoming necessary to build rainwater catchment facilities, building ponds and other retention tanks to collect rainwater. To this end, financial subsidies are offered to farmers from the state's public finance system for building such rainwater catching and collecting installations. In a situation where the green transformation of the economy is proceeding far too slowly relative to the needs, i.e. so as to quickly reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions and slow down the process of global warming, the potential negative scenario of failure to carry out the plan to stop the increase in the average temperature level of the planet's atmosphere at up to 1.5 degrees C (since the beginning of the first industrial revolution) should be considered highly probable. However, if possible, it is necessary to carry out the green transformation of the economy as quickly and efficiently as possible, so that the exceedance of the 1.5 deg C level is as low as possible and thus the escalation of the negative effects of the progressive global warming process is as low as possible. Since agriculture is one of those sectors that are most vulnerable to the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming, then in addition to the green transformation of agriculture that is being carried out, it is necessary to protect farms from the negative effects of climate change, which are steadily increasing from year to year, including increasingly frequent periods of drought, summer heat, weather anomalies, severe storms, etc., in a multifaceted way. In addition to this, it is also necessary to create new crop varieties that will be more resistant to the mentioned negative effects of climate change.
I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Is agriculture prepared for the effects of climate change, including, first and foremost, the negative effects on agricultural crops of the ongoing process of global warming, the scale of which will increase in the future?
Is agriculture prepared for the effects of climate change, the scale of which will increase in the future?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
can we use crop drought tolerance indexes for conifers as well?
In the current year, what are the effects of the progressive process of global warming in your region, in your country, in your environment, in terms of local microclimate, etc.?
In the current year, what are the effects of climate change, the accelerating process of global warming in your environment, in your region, where you operate, in your country, in the surrounding natural environment, in nearby agricultural areas, in the city or countryside where you live, in terms of local microclimate, etc.?
For example, in the country where I operate during the winter season, during a period where for many previous decades of time there was usually snow and temperatures were minus temperatures reaching as high as 20-30 degrees Frost is during the current "winter" in February 2024 there are positive temperatures all over the country, even positive double digits. Hoteliers, owners of ski slopes in the Tatra mountains are reporting much lower interest in their services. Fruit growers fear the return of morning frosts, which would cause the buds of flowers, which appear exceptionally early on shrubs and fruit trees, to freeze. Beekeepers fear for their bees, which have begun to leave their hives unusually early. But these are not the only effects of weather anomalies, climate disasters, climate change, the process of global warming, which has been occurring with increasing frequency in recent years. The negative effects of the increasingly rapid process of global warming on the environment, on agriculture, on the economy as a whole, on human existence in cities and in the countryside are constantly increasing, and the scale of the negative impact of climate change is constantly growing. In the country in which I operate in the summer season in recent years there have been record high temperatures, increasingly persistent heat, longer and longer periods of drought, little rainfall and increasingly frequent forest fires. In some regions of the country, water supplies are already beginning to run out during periods when citizens are watering their gardens and flowerbeds, washing cars, filling swimming pools, etc. At that time, local authorities are recommending restrictions on the use of tap water and imposing periodic bans on the use of clean water from the municipal water supply for watering lawns, washing cars and filling swimming pools. On the other hand, financial incentives, i.e. subsidies for the creation of water reservoirs for rainwater collection, rainwater catchment systems and irrigation of gardens, lawns, green areas, etc. with the help of rainwater thus collected, are being introduced as part of the increase in the scale of economical water consumption. The scale of the negative effects of the ongoing process of global warming is increasing every year. In many regions of the world, due to the accelerating process of global warming, the productivity of agricultural crops in agriculture is declining, the number of pollinating insects is declining, green areas in cities are drying up, living conditions in urban areas are deteriorating, the demand for electricity is increasing, which is caused, among other things, by the increase in the scale of use of cooling equipment during summer heat waves, the level of biodiversity in areas of natural natural ecosystems is decreasing, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, including green transformation of such economic sectors as energy, agriculture, transportation, construction, heavy industry, etc.
I am conducting research on this issue. I study in a multifaceted and interdisciplinary way the issue of factors, determinants of climate change, the increasingly rapid process of global warming, and the effects of these processes on the environment, on civilization, agriculture, the economy, etc. On the other hand, I analyze the possibilities of smoothly carrying out a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess into a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-cycle economy. By building a green, sustainable closed loop economy, it will be possible to slow down the still accelerating global warming process and reduce the negative effects of these climate change processes. Will it be possible to reverse these processes? Unfortunately, this is unlikely with the green transformation of the economy progressing as slowly as it is now, and the still low level of awareness of many citizens on this topic, ignoring the high level of relevance of this issue in the business and political world. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In the current year, what are the effects of climate change, of the accelerating process of global warming in your environment, in your region, where you operate, in your country, in the surrounding natural environment, in nearby agricultural areas, in the city or countryside where you live, in terms of the local microclimate, etc.?
In the current year, what are the effects of the ongoing global warming process in your region, in your country, in your surrounding environment, in terms of local microclimate, etc.?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
For Zea mays up to the 4-leaf stage
For Phaseolus vulgaris up to the fourth trifoliate leaf stage
How to build an effective system of rainwater harvesting in floodplains with river flooding, local flooding and waterlogging occurring after winter or violent storms in a situation of successively worsening drought, declining surface, subsurface and deep water resources?
Under the conditions of deepening negative effects of climate change, the accelerating process of global warming, the following question becomes more and more relevant and timely: how to build an effective system of rainwater collection in floodplains, where river flooding, local flooding and flooding occurring after winter or violent storms in a situation of successively parallel deepening problem of drought, declining surface, subcutaneous and deep water resources?
The negative effects of progressive climate change, the occurrence of more and more frequent weather anomalies, the occurrence of climatic disasters in many parts of the world and other effects of the increasingly rapid process of global warming are deepening year by year. In many parts of the world, due to the accelerating process of global warming, higher and higher temperatures during summer heatwaves, longer and more severe periods of drought are being recorded year after year. Low surface water levels and droughts are not only the result of the progressive process of global warming, but also of improperly carried out land reclamation and drainage of wetlands and marshes, as well as the overexploitation of a large part of the land area under unsustainable agriculture carried out under the formula of intensive production of agricultural crops, including crops mainly for the production of livestock feed. On the other hand, in some parts of the world, increasingly frequent weather anomalies cause violent storms and downpours resulting in the occurrence of floods and flooding. The aforementioned floods and waterlogging are increasingly occurring in areas used for agriculture and in areas of urban agglomerations, which causes additional problems and economic losses.
At present, i.e. in February 2024, in many parts of the world in the Northern Hemisphere of planet Earth on the one hand where the snow has recently fallen there are floods and waterlogging during the thaw, and paradoxically in other countries next to those lying tens or hundreds of kilometers away there are record high temperatures and record particularly troublesome droughts, historically lowest water levels in rivers and lakes, a decrease in the level of subcutaneous and deep-sea water resources. In countries currently experiencing record droughts, legally normalized bans are being imposed on the use of water for watering lawns, washing cars, filling swimming pools, etc., and even restrictions are being placed on the use of water in the irrigation of agricultural fields. On the other hand, the Southern Hemisphere of the planet experiences record heat during the summer season of the planet's south and subtropical zones. Chile in South America in January-February 2024 is experiencing record heat, high temperatures causing numerous forest fires. The burning forests caused fires in many cities, towns and villages, where many citizens ran various tourist and other services and lost everything because of the fires. The scale of the fires that occurred in Chile caused the government to impose states of disaster and states of emergency in many regions of the country, in which many residential homes, business buildings, hotels, tourist resorts and other building infrastructure were socialized. The scale of damage caused by these fires is the largest in many years.
In view of the above, it is necessary to take systemic and integrated measures, which, on the one hand, should limit the scale of the progressive process of global warming and thus should result in reducing the scale of the negative effects of climate change. On the other hand, it is necessary to adequately protect land areas characterized by a high level of risk of periodic accumulation of large amounts of surface and subsurface water from flooding and waterlogging. As part of the improvement of flood risk management, it is necessary to create a system of retention reservoirs, in which the regulation of the level of accumulated water reserves should be correlated with the results of the long-term weather forecasts carried out and the weather and climate change forecast models developed on their basis. Big Data Analytics, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other ICT information technologies of advanced multi-criteria data processing and Industry 4.0/5.0 can help in this regard. Besides, over-regulated and concreted riverbeds should be naturalized to allow controlled dumping of excess water into areas of natural restored greenery, restored forests and swamps. In addition, reservoirs should be created to collect rainwater for agricultural purposes, i.e. to irrigate areas used for agriculture during periods of drought. These issues should be key elements in the sustainable management of water resources and the management of the risk of floods, drought and other consequences of the increasing occurrence of situations of weather anomalies and climatic disasters.
I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Under the conditions of the deepening negative effects of climate change, the accelerating process of global warming, the following question is becoming more and more relevant and timely: How to build an effective system of rainwater collection in floodplains with river flooding, local flooding and waterlogging occurring after winter or violent storms in a situation of successively parallel deepening problem of drought, declining surface, subsurface and deep-sea water resources?
How to build an effective rainwater harvesting system in floodplains and permanent drought areas in order to reduce the scale of loss of water resources?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
Searching for new scientific methods to reduce desertification
I have been recently working on abiotic stresses (drought, high temperature, salinity and cold) responses in wheat (Triticum aestivum) using meta-analysis of transcriptomics (microarray) data. The computational stage is almost done. Is any one interested and specialist in this area for contribution to reporting the results in a paper? Please contact me via mshahsavari@ut.ac.ir OR masoudsisa@gmail.com .
Why climatologists and geologists and chemists about the information they obtain; Don't they publicly inform everyone?
As you know, climatologists and geologists and chemists and even hydrologists and those who work on global meteorology and atmospheric hazards, especially on climate change such as global warming or drought or atmospheric storms or El Lino and La Lino happens in two hemispheres, and people and countries are important, and the opinions of experts are very important; But we see that either it is not published, or the information arrives very late, or it is unclear in the scientific journals, or its classification is not well defined, and in general, there is an irregularity, and at least there is a regular network for public messaging to the world. It does not exist, and the warnings reach the people late, and in my opinion, it requires a global network of news and scientific media of atmospheric hazards, and this cannot be achieved, except for accurate and timely information in the events that are likely to occur. join For example, how many years will there be an earthquake or flood in this area? People are not informed. Or how many years there is drought in this area? . According to the time series, it is clear how many years of drought and how many years of rain? But not informed? . If people experience a drought, they will later find out that there is a drought and they will not be informed at all, or they will not be accurately informed about the gases that destroy the ozone layer. And it seems that all these investigations that are carried out have not been done at all? And man feels sorry.
Is there a drought or drought in Iran this year?
As you know, through statistical climatology and according to the statistical methods and forecasting of the synoptic states of the atmosphere in the region, it is possible through the time series of meteorological data and checking the temperature and precipitation in a meteorological station and its downward and upward trends. During 20 to 50 years, he predicted the past, present and future through climatology software. Based on the fact that I wrote my book under the title "Blocking Time Series in Iran Plateau", I have stated that during the process of meteorological data and meteorological sites that show the circulation maps of blocking through Gordes maps, it can be said: According to the graphs on page 18 to 21 of the book, there are graphs from 2016 to 2058, and the graph shows the breakdown of the time series of rainfall at Mashhad station, and because blocking in Iran is of Omega or Rex type and its hours It is about 4000 kilometers long and covers the entire plateau of Iran. So we conclude that this year the amount of precipitation in the eastern areas where most of the blocking prevails will reach up to 200 mm and in the western part of Iran where the blocking wave reaches and less maybe it will reach about 250-300 mm and because of the rotation factor It is mentioned and the high pressure areas are integrated from the side of Sibarb and the Tibetan Plateau and towards the northeast of these blockings which create a dry or cold and icy hole in the winter season and because it has a dynamic state, it is more cold and dry and in the omega state. This blocking is formed. So, according to this process, this year, in 2023 and 2024, the process of drought prevails, and this downward trend prevails in Iran, and we have this downward trend in the upward direction until 2025, and in the years 2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028, there will be rain due to That the blocking pressure is removed from Iran a little and the conditions of the atmospheric river in Iran are the same as in the past few years, when the low-level Scandinavian blocking system is weak and the AO is positive, the Atlantic precipitation system rains over Europe, and the atmospheric surface rains over Europe. But when the Scandinavian blocking system is strong and the AO is negative, it means that the Scandinavian blocking has formed to the bottom of the omega state, and the atmospheric surface that is from the Atlantic Ocean above the Azores region in the north of the equatorial region is moving towards the east with its sinusoidal state. And according to the synoptic maps in Hepto Pascal levels in Gardes or NOAA maps, it shows that, for example, 2 years ago in the Khuzestan region of Iran, especially Pul Dokhtar, heavy rains and floods fell. which shows that there is a coordination between the atmospheric river in the west of Iran and the Siberian blogging in the northeast of Iran, and there is a close connection in terms of synoptic and drought activity in Iran.
I want to prepare the three levels of PEG-6000, which are 5% (mild drought), 10% (moderate drought), and 20% (severe drought). Many people said that to make 5% of PEG-6000, we need to take 5g of PEG-6000, dissolve it in water, and make a volume of 100 ml. In the same way, 10g for 10% PEG and 20g for 20% PEG. I want to confirm if this calculation is correct. The second question is how to apply this solution in potted plants grown in vermiculite culture? Is there any specific dose (5ml or 10ml per pot)? Most of the papers do not mention the dose per plant. your answers to my question will be highly appreciated. Thanks
How to protect the Amazon's biodiverse natural Rainforests from the worst particularly severe drought in 120 years, record drops in river levels, and animal extinctions due to lack of water?
Due to continued high greenhouse gas emissions, the accelerating process of global warming, increasingly severe droughts are occurring in various parts of the world. Areas where periodic droughts are becoming more frequent include tropical and subtropical areas. In many parts of the world, increasingly frequent long-term droughts are causing shortages of water both for people, water used in agriculture and water necessary for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Droughts also cause increasingly frequent forest fires. The aforementioned problems and threats are now also affecting the Amazon. Recently there has been a particularly severe drought, the worst in 120 years, in the area of the Amazon's biodiverse natural Rainforest. Due to the record drought, water levels in the Amazon and its river basins are at record lows. Because of this, fish and pink Amazonian dolphins are dying out. Farmers are running out of water to irrigate their fields. Too low water levels in rivers make it difficult for Amazonians to move around. Due to the record drought, the biodiversity levels of the Amazon's natural Rainforests may be greatly reduced. In addition, the continuing process of deforestation, cutting down old-growth forests, unique tree species is causing rapid degradation of the natural Amazon Rainforests. In addition, in some countries, the energy industry is still mainly based on burning fossil fuels, which means total ignorance of the political and business spheres of the issue necessary to carry out a green transformation of the economy, total ignorance of the needs of the people, future generations of citizens.
In view of the above, I turn to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers with the following question:
How to protect the biodiverse natural Rainforests of the Amazon from the worst drought in 120 years, the record drop in water levels in rivers, the extinction of animals due to lack of water?
How to protect the biodiverse natural Rainforests of the Amazon from drought?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
And what is your opinion about it?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
Parts of East and Southern Africa, in particular, have experienced severe droughts, leading to water shortages, crop failures, and food insecurity. On the other hand, intense rainfall events have led to flooding in various regions, especially in low-lying areas and regions with poor drainage systems. What are the other threats and how those threats are related to nutrition security?
After computation of NDVI over a region it has to be correlated with meteorology or hydrological indices. How to fulfill this?
i have done drought forecasting but i need to proceed the research towards prescriptive analytics so any domain experts in drought can suggest me what are the prescriptive analytics that can be carried out in drought since weather is not under human control
SPI is more complex measure to identify drought conditions and the acquisition of data is a big problem.
Recently,I know that there are many deep learning in atmospheric science field,I am interested in how to use the deep learning in prediction of drought and how could I start to learn machine learning
I want to test 33 genotypes of a crop under 4 drought levels, the number of check varieties in my experiment will be 3 in addition to the 33 testing genotypes. That is the total number of my seed types will be 36 (33 testing genotypes and 3 check varieties). So, my experiment has two factors, i.e. Genotypes and Drought levels.
Now i want to know the following:
1. What will be the Treatments-Combinations for this experiment ?
2. What will be data input format in MS Excel for analysis purpose ?
3. What will be the script for analyzing collected data of the above experiment in R-studio?
4. Should we call the above experiment as "Augmented RCBD" or "Augmented Factorial RCBD" ?
Thanks to all of you in anticipation.
Can Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) be used in pots filled with soil for evaluating the drought tolerance of seeds ?
With the help of standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index how we get return period of drought?
Hi. I am working on drought prone areas and wants to calculate the 75% of dependable rainfall but i am unable to find the formula.
Hello,
I know there is an R package for calculating scPDSI values for a single location over many years. I have 8009 locations to calculate so I would really appreciate if there is any way to calculate this with R!
can give you equation Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
Comparative analyses of SPI and SPEI and drought index.
The proposed function is Y = f( Xi, Ci, Bi, Oi)
Where,
Dependent variable
Y= Yield
Independent variables
Xi= Physical inputs (i.e. chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, etc)
Ci=Climatic variables (i.e. rainfall, drought, salinity, stagnant water in which degree of severity will be identified as no effect "0", low "1", medium"2", and high effect"3". besides % of crop loss due to this effect will also be considered.)
Bi= Biotic stresses (% of crop loss due to insect attack, diseases infestation)
Oi= Others effect (Soil type, land type, etc.)
With the increasing need for sustainable agriculture and climate change resilience, how can plant breeders effectively incorporate complex traits such as drought tolerance, disease resistance, and high yield into crop varieties while maintaining genetic diversity?
Agriculture is the largest user of fresh water resources, consuming 70% followed by industry (20 %) and municipalities account for remaining 10%. Therefore, by reducing of agriculture water consumption humanity will increase the water resources that are available to those that need it the most, help developing communities around the world in a sustainable manner, reduce soil erosion, reduce conflicts over natural resources, and help to ensure food security for everyone.
How to Analyse of RDI drought index with matlab or R-statistics softwares?
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📷 Topic: hydrometeorological extremes under the context of climate change (including cyclones, droughts, thermal extremes, etc.)
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📷 Deadline: at the time of positions filled; opening starts from August 1, 2023.
* Info: Prof. Yuei-An Liou (yueian@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw)
Our research integrates satellite-based remote sensing techniques, hydrological modeling, artificial intelligence models, and data analysis to address water-related challenges. We strive to enhance our understanding of hydrometeorological extremes within the context of climate change.
For instance, our focus on improving our understanding of drought risk and its dynamics is to consider the changing climate patterns. Responsibilities of the postdoctoral fellows include:
• Conducting independent research on assessing drought risk in the context of climate change.
• Developing innovative approaches and methodologies for analyzing remote sensing data and hydrological modeling.
• Collecting, processing, and analyzing satellite-based remote sensing datasets to characterize drought conditions.
• Collaborating with interdisciplinary research teams to integrate climate data, hydrological models, and socioeconomic factors.
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• Participating in grant proposal writing and seeking external funding opportunities to support the research.
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How can food security be improved in regions that are vulnerable to drought, famine, and other environmental disasters?
I am seeking to detect conifer vulnerability to severe drought by measuring conductivity with a high conductivity flow meter, taking the sample from the field so my concern is how to bring and keep the samples before starting the measurements in the lab.
Any information is much appreciated. Thanks in advance
There are certain critical traits that help us to determine drought-sesitive or drought-tolerant genotypes? This question seeks information on these useful traits
which datase among CHIRPS, CPC-NOAA, Persia-CDR and APHRODITE is best for conducting climatic research like drought and weather vextremes in Pakistan? anyone please help and guide please
There are 10 Varieties of wheat for drought selection, beside this we want to know the most productive verities + diseases infections in open field trial in the same experimental design.
Thanks in advance
How can maize yield and quality be improved under drought and heat stress conditions?
I am looking for the papers which analyzed the drought tolerant activity of rice varieties by using PEG6000 in hydroponics culture and soils with water (field trial) both. I found only one paper. Could you please help me to find more papers which use both methods?
Thank you.
I am investigating the effect of environment on gca, sca and heritability degree. Line x tester = 4 x 5.
How can the drying up of natural lakes be stopped in order to reduce the negative effects of this process?
How can the drying up of natural lakes caused by the progressive process of global warming and excessive water consumption through unsustainable agricultural development be stopped?
In different regions of the world, on different continents, more and more negative effects of the progressive process of global warming, of the ongoing climate crisis, etc. are appearing. These include, above all, the natural effects of the loss of biodiversity of natural ecosystems, the effects on water resources of increasingly severe and prolonged droughts, water shortages in certain areas, decreasing rainfall, the drying up of lakes and rivers, the barrenness of soils, the decline in agricultural productivity, etc. In recent years, there has also been an increase in the scale of the emergence of the global crisis. In recent years there has also been an increase in the occurrence of hot weather, increasingly high summer temperatures, the occurrence of forest fires, etc., the drying out of forest litter in forests, a decrease in the humidity of the microclimate in areas of forests, agricultural fields and urban agglomerations. In this way, the living conditions for people in increasingly large areas of land are steadily deteriorating year by year. More and more lakes are drying up. A significant proportion of the large lakes, too, have already reduced their surface area and the water reserves they have accumulated over thousands of years. For example, the surface area of the saline Great Lake in the state of Utah in the USA has decreased significantly over the last few years. This is a result of excessive water consumption (mainly by agriculture) and the ongoing process of global warming. There are many harmful, toxic heavy metal and other compounds on the bottom of this lake. It is a drainless lake, i.e. all waste and toxins settle in the lake. Already half of the lake bottom is above the water surface. The drying up of the lakes results in negative changes in the microclimate around the lake, the barrenness of the soils, the desertification of the surrounding natural environment, the possibility of sandstorms, a decrease in the moisture content of the soils around the lake, a decrease in the productivity of the soils in terms of their use for agricultural purposes. In addition to this, the negative effects of lake desiccation include the negative natural effects of a decrease in the level of biodiversity, both in terms of the lake biosphere and the natural ecosystems functioning in the vicinity of the desiccating lake. In view of the above, it is increasingly important to improve and increase the scale of protection of lakes from drying out and to create solutions to counteract or slow down this unfavourable process. These solutions include prohibiting the extraction of water from a drying-up lake for industrial, agricultural, municipal, etc. purposes. If the drying-up lake is located in a predominantly agricultural area, an important solution may be the creation of new deep wells, rainwater harvesting systems, a change in the agricultural model from unsustainable to sustainable ecological agriculture and, in areas close to the seas and oceans, the development of seawater desalination systems.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How can we stop the drying up of natural lakes caused by the progressive process of global warming and the excessive use of water by unsustainable agricultural development?
What is your opinion on this?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Currently, many agricultural landowners have expressed their dissatisfaction with the new regulations.
On the one hand, the obligation to use fertilizer products agreed by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). On the other hand, they claim that the consumer pays 50% more than what they earn in profits.
To this issue, we must add the drought suffered in the main areas that are dedicated to agriculture together with the low temperatures to which many of these farmers are not prepared.
This has caused a loss of product and, as a consequence, a loss of capital in the sector.
Many are considering selling their land to large companies.
How could the loss of agriculture affect Andalusia?
There are families that continue living from the farming tradition, a tradition that has passed from parents to children. Do you think that the loss of this inheritance could change the Andalusian family system?
It is a rice genotypes evaluation and I want to use 1000 grain weight, but these genotypes can not produce 1000 grain yield due to drought so I want to scale down to a 100-grain weight.
What is your advise on this one?
How are urban agglomerations coping with water shortages and increasingly frequent periods of drought caused by progressive global warming?
The effects of progressive global warming include increasingly higher average air temperatures, record high temperatures recorded annually during the summer heat waves, longer and more severe periods of drought, and rivers, lakes and wells drying up. Drought is becoming an increasingly serious problem in agriculture. In some regions of the world, crop production is already declining due to increasingly frequent periods of drought. In metropolitan areas, too, increasingly frequent heat and drought are generating a number of serious problems. Many urban agglomerations lack clean water and rivers are heavily polluted. As a result, in some cities restrictions are being imposed on water use beyond food and sanitation purposes. For example, watering lawns may be allowed once a week in some cities. During periods of drought, total bans are imposed on watering lawns and washing cars from clean running water intakes. In addition, during hot weather in the situation of large areas of concrete and small areas of green space, the lack of urban parks in metropolitan areas, the air temperature rises strongly. In the situation of lack of water and strong heating of concrete surfaces, living conditions in urban agglomerations deteriorate significantly. In addition, in a situation of underdeveloped renewable energy sources and thermal power generation based on dirty fossil fuel combustion energy and a large number of internal combustion cars, smog characterized by strong air pollution from toxic wastes of combustion processes is increasingly appearing. As a result, some residents of large urban areas are moving out of city centers to the outskirts of cities, suburbs or the countryside. This is fostered by the development of remote work provided via the Internet. However, problems related to the shortage of clean water are steadily worsening. In the long term, it is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to slow down the ongoing process of global warming. In view of the increasingly serious problems caused by scarcity of clean water, city governments are introducing new solutions for reducing water consumption.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
How are urban agglomerations coping with water shortages and increasingly frequent periods of drought caused by ongoing global warming?
What does this issue look like in your city?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
For example, in winter it is hot, and in spring or summer there are such unpleasant situations as snowfall, floods in some regions, and in some-drought.
In agriculture, can we adapt the crops we grow to be drought tolerant? Can we improve stress?
Hello everyone!
I have interesting question asked by my professor and I could not find relevant answer anywhere.
Why are we seeing up and down pattern on transcript abundance? Example RNA seq data for a gene from a rice transcriptome data base is attached. LOCUS ID is highlighted in yellow and transcript abundance is in below three samples after drought treatment.
The question is ,why the signal level is not uniform on Exons? is it low signal reads? Why there are gaps or sudden fall in signals? ( which are Marked in Red arrows) How to read and understand this? and I know this is the common pattern in RNA-seq data, but I don’t know why?
It’s an interesting question asked by my professor! can any bioinformatician help me understand this? Thanks in advance.
Hello ,
I am doing drought propagation using two catchments with SPI and SSI . My question , I would to do like the graph in the picture attached. Do have any useful tutorial or maybe some suggestion R packages that is suitable to produce the same graph.
Thanks in advance
I need literatures on Mozambique floods and drought, any suggestions are highly appreciated.
I am trying to monitor/find out the drought of certain Nepal areas to relate it to agriculture. I don't have historical data but only SMAP data i.e after 2015. So, based on it, is there any way I can use this to find out the drought?
I have only Temperature and precipitation data of climate station
In my country Nepal, variation in weather patterns and drought are the major climate related problems.
Namaskar,
I have monthly RDI(drought index) for each year.Means 12 data in each year.
I want to calculate 3 months and 6 months RDI index.
Can u plz explain the manual Process of calculating 3 months 6 months index.
I want to understand manual process not softwares
I am trying to predict drought intensity in a wet tropical forest region using Long-term precipitation data.
I think that ectoin enzyme is important for the soil and terrestrial plant ecosystem. I think that the origin of this enzyme, which increases the resistance of plants to drought, should be discussed. Thank you for your ideas and comments that will contribute to this issue.
Kind regards,
Turan Yüksek (Ph.D.)
Professor of Ecosystem Ecology
I need to know about research on date palm based on drought occurances and develop recommendations based on technologies, or research and development that can provide solutions to farmers in australia to ensure resillience during drought times. Growing and production in drought and desert climates, and report on how farmers here in australia can implement date trees on their farms to increase resillience during times of drought when other crops would otherwise fail.
needed o know about research on date palm based on drought occurances and develop recommendations based on technologies, or research and development that can provide solutions to farmers in australia to ensure resillience during drought times. Growing and production in drought and desert climates, and report on how farmers here in australia can implement date trees on their farms to increase resillience during times of drought when other crops would otherwise fail.
What are the main approaches used for drought monitoring?
How they are applied in big data drought monitoring?
that can sustain
Higher temperature
drought conditions
sandy soil
saline water
please recommend crops for different seasons like winter, summer, spring and autumn.
To breed rice for drought tolerance, is it feasible to start selection in the F2 by picking out offspring harbouring certain molecular markers, given that it is expected that these QTLs will continue segregating in the subsequent generations? Or is it better to keep selfing a hybrid population until the F5 or F6 and then start selection?
We conducted an experiment to test single and mixed effects of heat & drought stress on Canola.
Here is an overview:
We had 16 treatments (4*temperature, 2*drought, 2* stress timing) --> 16 tt
We had eight plants per treatment, which we assessed on the level of four branches (1, 2, 3, and rest) --> 16 tt * 4 branches.
We planted seeds in Petry dishes every dish had 1 g of seeds. We started to account for germinated seeds after 12 hours of planting and removing germinated seeds; we accounted for seeds after 12h, 14h,16h, 18h, 20h, 24h, 36 h,38h, and 40h. so we have a gap in data during the night
Unfortunately, we did not use the same total seeds number.
when we tried to apply the four-parameter hill function
FourPHFfit(germ.counts = y, intervals = int, total.seeds = 50, tmax = 20, partial = FALSE)
we faced some problems
1. How can we add our data to this function and fit it to our four factors? In the R script, I just added x and y as:
x <- data_frame1$Hour
y <- data_frame1$AGP
2. How can we insert time replication?
3. And how can we insert total seeds as a column, not as an individual value?
I attached the data set and R script
Thank you in advance
Regards
Dima
The decline in agricultural production and exports in many countries is pushing up food prices. The scale of food shortages will increase in many countries and the risk of a food crisis is growing. More and more data confirms that after the recent pandemic economic crisis 2020, the growing economic crisis caused by high inflation, the developing energy crisis in 2023, there will also be a food crisis in many parts of the world. In the current 2022, a number of factors have simultaneously emerged that could lead to a food crisis and hunger in many countries of the world. These include the following factors:
1. the war in Ukraine (production and exports of cereals and other agricultural crops from Russia and Ukraine have fallen significantly).
2. Record heat, drought, forest and crop field fires in many parts of the world (in India, record heat reaching 50 ct. C in the shade; drought throughout the western states of the USA; in central and eastern Africa the worst drought in 40 years).
3. Flooding of farmland in China in 2021 (30 million acres of farmland under water. Chinese authorities have announced that the 2022 crop yield could be the lowest in the context of the previous few decades).
4. postcovid broken chains of international logistics and supplies.
5. in 2020, the Lebanese capital Beirut suffered a gigantic explosion at the port that destroyed all infrastructure, including huge grain silos.
For these and other reasons, the number of people in the world at risk of hunger has increased by 80 per cent in the last five years, from 108 million to 183 million people.
After Vladimir Putin ordered 200,000 Russian troops into Ukraine, the global food situation went from poor to bad. Especially this negative trend is developing in poor countries, where economies are underdeveloped and income levels of citizens are also low.
Before the war, Ukraine was the 5th economy in terms of global wheat exports, 3rd in barley exports, 3rd in maize exports and 1st in oilseed exports (e.g. sunflower). In Ukraine, areas of fertile chernozem extend as far as Manzuria. Before the war, Ukraine produced 9 per cent of the world's wheat, and together with Russia, this is now 30 per cent. Ukraine generated 20 per cent of the world's maize exports. By contrast, Ukraine's exports of sunflower oil account for as much as 75 per cent of the global share. Food exports from Ukraine are also estimated at 1/8 of all calories sold globally. Most of these exports before the war, i.e. before 24 February 2022, were loaded onto ships in Odessa and Novorossiysk and transported to the Middle East and elsewhere in the world. The war has created serious problems for food production and export in Ukraine. The Russians have blockaded the Black Sea ports with their Black Sea fleet.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the honourable community of scientists and researchers:
How can the scale of the development of the food crisis be reduced?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz