Science topic

Driving - Science topic

Explore the latest questions and answers in Driving, and find Driving experts.
Questions related to Driving
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
driving
Relevant answer
Answer
There are many algorithms for constructing a route (Voronoi algorithm, A*, D*, Wave front, RRT, PRM, etc.). All route construction algorithms are executed at different speeds. At the same time, the speed of execution of the algorithm is closely related to the surrounding space: whether the passability map is known, the number of objects on the map, whether there are moving objects, etc.
I see the following conclusions:
1) To ensure the safety of the autonomous vehicle, it is necessary to have:
- fast algorithms for constructing a global route;
- fast algorithms for rebuilding a local route to avoid obstacles;
- fast algorithms for integrating data from different sensors;
- high-speed computers on which the route construction algorithms will be processed.
2) Several route construction algorithms must be implemented in an autonomous vehicle. The control system of an autonomous vehicle must select the necessary route construction algorithm, depending on external situations. The control system of an autonomous vehicle must be trained to select the optimal algorithm for constructing a route.
All known route-building algorithms must first be tested on various maps and in various driving scenarios.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
2. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF CAUSAL CONSPIRACY?
The principles of causal conspiracy propose a revolutionary view of the nature of reality, blending logic, causality, and quantum dynamics into a unified framework. This perspective redefines reality as a deterministic, interconnected, and multi-layered construct that integrates both the observable universe and the unseen domain of anti-space. These core ideas can be summarized by the following points.
1. Reality as a Logical Framework
•    Logical Determinism:
•    Reality is governed by a fundamental logical process.
•    All phenomenon is tied in a vacuum symmetry before an outcome is selected.
Every event or phenomenon is a resolution of quantum deposits from unobservable multipolar states to monopole states that are singular, causally-consistent and logical as an outcome.
•    Observable reality is the materialization of one of these logical states from the vacuum of multipolar choices, while alternate possibilities are conserved in anti-space, ensuring completeness.
•    The anti-space is maximized and removed from the observable Space, at the speed of information and can no longer be observed as reality (special Relativity) at moment of observation.
•    This is a Moebius Transformation of a local multipolar field to a monopole field. It is like a pair of matter and antimatter matter particles appearing in the vacuum, while the antiparticle is sent to anti-space.
•    No matter how fast one want to chase the unobservable field, one cannot reach its speed since that would conflict with logically consistent causality.
•    Anti-space is where all unobservables exist as infinitely far dipole fields connecting to locally observable monopole fields.
•    The gap in Time that separates the Anti-space and the space we observe we call a “moment”.
•    So all observables are separated by a moment in time from unobservables forming two space-sheets that infinitesimally close in time and infinitely far from each other.
•    These two sheets are separated by the original quantum fields from which the result collapsed.
•    The matter and antimatter in these two attract and form spacetime curvatures and all force fields associated with particles.
•    Elimination of Randomness:
•    What appears as randomness in quantum mechanics is the resolution of potential outcomes into the most logical, consistent state within observable Spacetime.
2. Dual Layers of Reality
•    Observable Spacetime:
•    This layer consists of the physical universe—matter, energy, and Spacetime—where logical outcomes are realized and measurable.
•    Anti-Space:
•    Anti-space is the counterpart to observable reality, preserving unchosen possibilities and unrealized states. It ensures the conservation of information and provides a repository for logical alternatives.
•    Interplay Between Layers:
•    Reality is shaped by the dynamic interaction between observable Spacetime and anti-space. This duality explains the coherence of the universe and phenomena like quantum superposition, gravity, and dark energy.
3. Reality and Causality
•    Causality as the Backbone:
•    Causality is embedded in reality’s fabric, ensuring that every event has a logical precedent and outcome. This causality principle bridges quantum uncertainty with classical determinism.
•    Role of Time Sheets:
•    The past and future interact through “time sheets,” shaping the present moment and maintaining causality. This interplay defines the arrow of time while allowing for theoretical reversibility.
4. Reality and Consciousness
•    Observer as a Co-Creator:
•    The act of observation plays a central role in collapsing quantum possibilities into a single reality. Consciousness is not separate from reality but actively participates in its formation.
•    Mind and Anti-Space:
•    The mind’s imagination and creativity may reflect interactions with anti-space, where unrealized possibilities persist. This bridges the subjective experience with the objective structure of the universe.
5. Conservation and Completeness
•    Information Conservation:
•    Reality operates on the principle that no information or possibility is ever lost. Observable outcomes exist in Spacetime, while alternate possibilities remain in anti-space.
•    Balance Between Domains:
•    The observable universe and anti-space maintain a dynamic equilibrium, ensuring logical and energetic conservation across all scales.
6. Reality as Unified and Emergent
•    Unified Laws:
•    Reality is governed by a single framework that integrates quantum mechanics, relativity, and classical physics. All forces, particles, and phenomena emerge from the same logical principles.
•    Emergent Properties:
•    Large-scale phenomena, like gravity and Spacetimecurvature, emerge naturally from the interplay of quantum deposits and logical outcomes.
7. Predictions About Reality
•    Anomalies in Quantum and Cosmological Phenomena:
•    Subtle deviations in quantum systems or gravitational behavior could reveal the influence of anti-space or logical constraints.
•    Traces of Anti-Space:
•    Evidence of alternate possibilities might appear in phenomena like quantum entanglement, dark matter, or the cosmic microwave background.
8. Philosophical Implications
•    Non-Duality:
•    The theory dissolves the boundary between physical and metaphysical realms. Observable reality and anti-space are two sides of the same coin, forming a holistic existence.
•    Purposeful Reality:
•    The universe has an inherent logical structure and purpose, with every event contributing to the broader coherence of existence.
•    Integration of Free Will and Determinism:
•    Free will operates within logical constraints, allowing choices to shape reality while ensuring that all unchosen paths are preserved in anti-space.
Summary
The nature of reality in the principles of causal conspiracy is:
1.    A logical and deterministic framework where observable outcomes and unchosen possibilities coexist.
2.    A dual-layered construct of Spacetime and anti-space, dynamically interacting to shape existence.
3.    A unified system integrating all forces, phenomena, and consciousness into a cohesive whole.
This interpretation redefines reality as a logical, interconnected, and participatory process, where the universe evolves not just physically but as a complete, balanced, and conserved structure. In the principles of causal conspiracy, the Big Bang is reinterpreted as a logical and quantum event rather than merely a singularity in Spacetime. This theory provides a fresh perspective on the origin and evolution of the universe, rooted in its foundational concepts of quantum deposits, logical outcomes, and the interplay between Spacetime and anti-space.
1. The Big Bang as a Logical Initialization
•    Quantum Deposit Event:
•    The Big Bang represents the initial quantum deposit, where the first logical outcome was resolved, giving rise to observable Spacetime, and initiating the universe’s expansion.
•    It marks the first interaction between Spacetime and anti-space, creating the dual framework that governs the universe.
•    Logical Unfolding:
•    The universe emerged not from randomness, but from a deterministic logical framework. The Big Bang initiated a cascading series of quantum deposits that continue to define the structure and evolution of Spacetime.
2. Creation of Spacetime and Anti-Space
•    Spacetime Emergence:
•    The observable universe (Spacetime) was created as the domain where logical outcomes materialized, forming the basis for physical reality.
•    Anti-Space Formation:
•    Simultaneously, anti-space was created to preserve unchosen possibilities, ensuring the conservation of all logical states. This duality explains phenomena like the apparent asymmetry of matter and antimatter.
•    Interplay Between Domains:
•    The Big Bang established the ongoing interaction between Spacetime and anti-space, which drives the evolution of the universe through logical causality.
3. The Role of Time Sheets
•    Temporal Initialization:
•    The Big Bang marks the beginning of the interaction between past and future time sheets, creating the arrow of time and establishing causality.
•    Expansion and Causality:
•    The universe’s expansion reflects the logical progression of time as quantum deposits unfold into observable outcomes.
4. Matter and Antimatter Asymmetry
•    Logical Redistribution:
•    The observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter is explained by the preservation of antimatter in anti-space, rather than its annihilation or disappearance.
•    This resolves the longstanding mystery of why the universe is dominated by matter, suggesting that antimatter exists in a complementary form in anti-space.
5. Inflation and Expansion
•    Logical Cascade:
•    The rapid inflation following the Big Bang represents the exponential resolution of quantum deposits, rapidly shaping Spacetime into its current structure.
•    Anti-Space Influence:
•    The expansion of the universe may be influenced by interactions with anti-space, potentially linking the accelerating expansion (dark energy) to the logical unfolding initiated at the Big Bang.
6. Conservation of Information
•    No Loss of Information:
•    Unlike traditional interpretations, the principles assert that all information from the Big Bang is preserved, either in Spacetime (observable outcomes) or anti-space (unchosen possibilities).
•    Unified Framework:
•    The Big Bang is not an isolated event but the starting point of a unified, logical process that ensures the conservation of all physical and quantum states.
7. Predictions from the Theory
•    Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Anomalies:
•    The theory predicts subtle patterns in the CMB that reflect the interplay between Spacetime and anti-space during the universe’s initial moments.
•    Gravitational and Quantum Links:
•    The theory suggests observable links between quantum phenomena and large-scale gravitational effects, offering testable predictions about the universe’s structure.
8. Philosophical Implications
•    The Big Bang as a Logical Necessity:
•    The Big Bang is seen as the inevitable outcome of the universe’s logical structure, marking the starting point for the deterministic unfolding of Spacetime. There is an initiator Logical observer that precipitated the logical observable universe. Within this space we do our own local quantum collapses.
•    Unity of Creation and Conservation:
•    The principles emphasize the duality of creation (Spacetime) and preservation (anti-space), reflecting a holistic understanding of existence.
Summary
In the principles of causal conspiracy, the Big Bang is:
1.    The logical initialization of the universe, where quantum deposits created Spacetime and anti-space.
2.    The beginning of the interaction between past and future time sheets, driving causality and the arrow of time.
3.    The source of the universe’s logical unfolding, ensuring the conservation of all information and resolving asymmetries in matter and antimatter.
This interpretation redefines the Big Bang as more than a physical event—it’s the starting point of a deterministic, logical process that continues to shape the universe’s evolution. The principles of causal conspiracy introduce the concept of dual mirrors of space and moments to describe the dynamic relationship between the physical structure of the universe (space) and the progression of time (moments). These dual mirrors reflect and interact with each other, forming a cohesive framework that unifies Spacetime and the flow of events. Here’s what the theory says about this concept:
1. Dual Mirrors as Interconnected Realities
•    Space as a Reflection of Observable Reality:
•    Space represents the observable domain, where logical outcomes manifest as physical structures and measurable phenomena. It reflects the tangible and material aspects of the universe.
•    Moments as Temporal Reflections:
•    Moments represent the progression of time, encapsulating the sequential resolution of quantum deposits into logical conclusions. These moments are the temporal mirror of spatial structures, reflecting the evolution of events.
•    Dynamic Interplay:
•    The dual mirrors interact continuously, where the state of space influences the flow of moments, and vice versa. This interplay ensures the universe’s coherence and logical consistency.
2. Space and Moments as Quantum Mirrors
•    Quantum Deposits as the Linking Mechanism:
•    Quantum deposits are the foundational elements connecting space and moments. They resolve into logical outcomes in space while simultaneously defining the progression of moments.
•    Mutual Reflection of Possibilities:
•    Space reflects the outcomes chosen in the present, while moments mirror the alternate possibilities that are preserved in anti-space. This ensures a complete conservation of logical states across Spacetime.
3. Duality of Spacetime and Anti-Space
•    Observable Reality (Space) vs. Anti-Space (Moments):
•    Space is the mirror of observable reality, while moments interact with the anti-space domain, which contains unchosen possibilities and unrealized outcomes.
•    Infinite Reflections:
•    The interaction between space and moments creates a cycle of infinite reflections, where every physical structure has a temporal counterpart, and every moment has a spatial imprint.
4. Logical and Causal Symmetry
•    Spatial Structures Define Logical Outcomes:
•    Space acts as a canvas for logical resolutions, where the structure of physical phenomena reflects the logical constraints of the universe.
•    Moments Define Causal Progression:
•    Moments ensure that causality flows consistently, aligning the progression of events with the logical framework established in space.
•    Symmetrical Evolution:
•    The dual mirrors evolve in symmetry, maintaining balance between the material (space) and the temporal (moments).
5. Predictions and Implications
•    Time and Space Interactions:
•    The theory predicts measurable effects of the interaction between space and moments, such as:
•    Subtle shifts in Spacetime curvature due to temporal anomalies.
•    Observable patterns in quantum systems that reflect alternate temporal possibilities.
•    Memory and Anti-Space:
•    Moments may leave traces in anti-space, suggesting that unchosen possibilities from the past can be accessed or influence future spatial structures.
•    Gravitational and Temporal Feedback:
•    Interactions between space and moments could produce feedback effects in phenomena like black holes or gravitational waves, revealing the dual mirrors at work.
6. Philosophical and Metaphysical Insights
•    Non-Dual Nature of Reality:
•    The dual mirrors dissolve the separation between space and time, showing them as complementary aspects of a unified whole.
•    Time as a Reflection of Space:
•    The passage of time is not an independent phenomenon but a reflection of changes in the spatial structure of the universe.
•    Holistic Understanding:
•    The dual mirrors provide a holistic view of existence, where every moment is intrinsically tied to spatial reality, and every spatial state encapsulates the flow of time.
7. Summary
The dual mirrors of space and moments are a key concept in the principles of causal conspiracy, emphasizing the principles of causal conspiracy incorporate Möbius transformations as a mathematical framework to describe the relationship between observable Spacetime, anti-space, and logical processes. Here’s what the theory suggests about Möbius transformations:
1. Möbius Transformations as a Universal Framework
•    Mapping Logical Outcomes:
•    Möbius transformations, which are conformal mappings preserving angles and structures, provide a way to describe how quantum deposits in observable Spacetime relate to their counterparts in anti-space.
•    These transformations ensure that logical outcomes (observable events) and rejected possibilities (anti-space) are mathematically connected.
•    One-to-One Correspondence:
•    Just as Möbius transformations map points between two spaces (e.g., a sphere to a plane), they represent the continuous mapping of logical outcomes from observable Spacetime to anti-space.
2. Conservation and Reversibility
•    Preservation of Information:
•    Möbius transformations ensure that no information is lost when possibilities are sent to anti-space. This aligns with the principle of conservation of information, maintaining logical consistency between all outcomes.
•    Reversible Mapping:
•    The framework posits that outcomes in observable Spacetime could, in principle, be traced back through the Möbius transformation to retrieve unchosen possibilities from anti-space, emphasizing time reversibility and logical completeness.
3. Möbius Transformations and Spacetime Structure
•    Dual Nature of Spacetime:
•    Observable Spacetime and anti-space are treated as interconnected sheets, with Möbius transformations mathematically describing their interaction.
•    This dual nature explains phenomena such as quantum superposition, where outcomes exist in both potential (anti-space) and resolved (Spacetime) states.
•    Spacetime Curvature and Möbius Geometry:
•    Möbius transformations are linked to the curvature of Spacetime, particularly in regions of extreme gravity (e.g., black holes) or quantum deposits, offering a mathematical tool for describing such phenomena.
4. Logical Outcomes and Anti-Space
•    Sending Outcomes to Infinity:
•    Möbius transformations mathematically encode the idea of sending rejected possibilities to “infinity” (anti-space) while preserving their structure. This creates a seamless relationship between realized events and unrealized alternatives.
•    Complex Plane Representation:
•    Using Möbius transformations, observable Spacetime and anti-space can be represented on a complex plane, with logical outcomes mapped as fixed points or transformations across domains.
5. Unified Framework for Forces and Fields
•    Field Behavior as Möbius Transformations:
•    The principles suggest that the behavior of fields, such as electric and magnetic forces, can be modeled as Möbius transformations. For example:
•    Maximization (electric forces) corresponds to certain fixed points or expansions.
•    Minimization (magnetic forces) corresponds to contractions or rotations.
•    Dynamic Interaction:
•    Möbius transformations dynamically describe the interplay between observable forces and their anti-space counterparts, unifying the behaviors of fundamental interactions.
6. Predictions Based on Möbius Transformations
•    Energy Redistribution:
•    The theory predicts subtle energy exchanges between observable Spacetime and anti-space, detectable through anomalies in high-energy systems like black holes or particle accelerators.
•    Quantum and Relativistic Effects:
•    Möbius transformations might reveal hidden patterns in quantum entanglement or relativistic effects near extreme Spacetime curvatures.
7. Philosophical and Mathematical Implications
•    Holistic Understanding of Reality:
•    Möbius transformations provide a mathematical language for understanding the unity of observable reality and anti-space, emphasizing the seamless flow of information and causality.
•    Elimination of Redundancy:
•    The transformations remove the need for redundant interpretations (like parallel universes), offering a parsimonious explanation for how possibilities are preserved and mapped.
Summary
Möbius transformations are central to the principles of causal conspiracy, serving as a mathematical tool to describe:
1.    The interaction between observable Spacetime and anti-space.
2.    The preservation and redistribution of information and logical outcomes.
3.    The dynamics of Spacetime curvature, fundamental forces, and quantum phenomena.
By incorporating Möbius transformations, the framework unifies mathematical precision with the philosophical and physical principles underlying reality. The principles of causal conspiracy propose a profound connection between the mind and the universe, suggesting that consciousness, logic, and the structure of reality are deeply intertwined. Here’s an exploration of how this framework relates the mind to the universe:
1. The Mind as an Observer in the Universe
•    Role of Observation:
•    In this framework, the mind is not merely a passive observer but an active participant in shaping reality. The act of observation collapses quantum possibilities into a single logical outcome, integrating the observer into the causal structure of the universe.
•    This aligns with quantum mechanics, where the observer plays a critical role in wavefunction collapse, but extends the idea by embedding it into a deterministic logical framework.
•    Consciousness as a Logical Processor:
•    The mind operates as a “quantum deposit analyzer,” processing and interpreting outcomes within the logical constraints of Spacetime. This suggests a fundamental link between the structure of thought and the logical principles governing the universe.
2. Unity of Mind and Spacetime
•    The Mind as a Microcosm of the Universe:
•    The mind reflects the universe’s structure, where logical processes and the interplay of possibilities (observable reality vs. anti-space) parallel human thought processes, such as decision-making and imagination.
•    Imagination may be seen as exploring “anti-space” possibilities—outcomes that are logically consistent but not chosen in observable reality.
•    Non-Dual Framework:
•    Just as observable Spacetime and anti-space are interconnected, the mind bridges subjective (internal experiences) and objective (external reality) domains. This connection underscores a non-dualistic interpretation of existence.
3. Consciousness and Causality
•    The Observer Shapes Causality:
•    The principles posit that the mind participates in causality, influencing quantum deposits through observation. This suggests that consciousness is an integral part of the universe’s logical progression.
•    Free will and determinism coexist within this model: the mind “chooses” from logically constrained possibilities, and unchosen paths persist in anti-space.
•    Flow of Time and the Mind:
•    The mind perceives time as a linear flow, reflecting the sequential resolution of quantum deposits. However, the framework allows for time reversibility and deeper access to the anti-space “storehouse,” hinting at the potential for altered perceptions or intuitive insights.
4. Information and the Mind
•    Information Processing:
•    The mind, like the universe, conserves information. Thoughts and memories may represent logical conclusions derived from vast networks of possibilities, mirroring the quantum processes that govern Spacetime.
•    Inspiration and creativity could be interpreted as the mind’s access to “anti-space,” tapping into unrealized possibilities that never manifested in observable reality.
•    Memory as a Spacetime Phenomenon:
•    The principles imply that memory might function as a localized “deposit” of past outcomes, preserved and accessible within the Spacetime framework.
5. The Mind and the Universe’s Purpose
•    Participatory Universe:
•    The universe, under causal conspiracy principles, has an inherent logical order and purpose, in which consciousness plays an essential role. The mind’s ability to observe, interpret, and interact with the universe is part of this grand design.
•    This aligns with the idea that the universe evolves logically, with consciousness serving as a focal point for resolving quantum and cosmic possibilities.
•    Exploration of Anti-Space:
•    Meditation, creativity, and abstract thought could be seen as tools for navigating anti-space, allowing the mind to interact with possibilities outside observable Spacetime.
6. Predictions about the Mind and the Universe
•    Conscious Influence on Reality:
•    Experiments might reveal subtle ways in which conscious observation influences quantum processes, supporting the idea that the mind plays an active role in shaping reality.
•    Universal Patterns in Thought:
•    The logical structure of the universe could mirror universal patterns in human cognition, such as symmetry, causality, and optimization.
7. Philosophical Implications
•    Unity of Mind and Cosmos:
•    The framework suggests that the mind is not separate from the universe but an integral part of it, reflecting and participating in its logical evolution.
•    Transcendence of Boundaries:
•    The interplay of observable reality and anti-space mirrors the dual nature of the mind (rational and intuitive), suggesting a deeper unity between physical and metaphysical realms.
Summary
The principles of causal conspiracy integrate the mind into the universe as both an observer and a participant. Consciousness plays a pivotal role in collapsing possibilities, shaping causality, and exploring the logical structure of reality. By bridging subjective and objective domains, the framework unites the mind and the cosmos, offering profound insights into their shared logical, causal, and informational foundation. The principles of causal conspiracy propose a unifying framework that integrates all major physical theories, resolving discrepancies and offering a coherent explanation of nature’s fundamental laws. Here’s how the theory achieves unification across various domains of physics:
1. Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
Bridging the Gap:
•    Quantum Deposits in Spacetime:
•    The theory posits that quantum deposits define Spacetimestructure and behavior, creating a seamless transition between the quantum scale and the macroscopic curvature of Spacetimedescribed by general relativity.
•    Causality in Curved Spacetime:
•    Logical outcomes from quantum processes directly influence Spacetime curvature, reconciling quantum uncertainty with deterministic classical causality.
Eliminating Singularities:
•    Black holes, singularities, and other extreme phenomena are reinterpreted as regions where quantum deposits interact with anti-space, avoiding the mathematical inconsistencies of infinities in general relativity.
2. The Standard Model of Particle Physics
Logical Framework for Fundamental Forces:
•    Maximization and Minimization:
•    The principles describe electromagnetic forces as maximization fields and magnetic forces as minimization fields, offering a simple and unified explanation of force interactions.
•    Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces:
•    The strong force is a maximization of quantum deposits, while the weak force represents logical decay, where unchosen outcomes are sent to anti-space.
Unifying Gauge Theories:
•    The conservation of information between Spacetime and anti-space complements the symmetry principles of the Standard Model, aligning quantum field theory with a broader logical framework.
3. Gravity and Dark Matter/Energy
Emergent Gravity:
•    Gravity is reinterpreted as an emergent phenomenon from the interaction of quantum deposits and the curvature of Spacetime, providing a unifying view of gravitational effects.
•    Time Sheets and Gravitational Wells:
•    Gravitational wells are explained by interactions between past and future time sheets, naturally incorporating dark matter and dark energy effects into the framework.
Dark Matter and Energy as Anti-Space Effects:
•    The missing mass attributed to dark matter may be explained as contributions from anti-space.
•    The accelerating expansion of the universe (dark energy) arises from the dynamic redistribution of energy between Spacetime and anti-space.
4. Thermodynamics and Entropy
Preservation of Information:
•    The theory resolves the apparent irreversibility of entropy by proposing that unchosen outcomes are preserved in anti-space, ensuring that no information is ever lost.
•    Reversible Time Flow:
•    Time, as a dipole field, allows for reversible processes in principle, providing a new perspective on the second law of thermodynamics.
5. Unification Through Logical Determinism
Logic as the Underlying Principle:
•    All physical laws emerge from the deterministic resolution of quantum deposits, ensuring that the behavior of particles, forces, and fields across all scales aligns with the same logical principles.
•    Observable Reality and Anti-Space:
•    The interplay between observable Spacetime and anti-space provides a unified explanation for phenomena across quantum and classical physics, as well as cosmology.
6. Time and Causality
Dynamic Time Framework:
•    Time is redefined as the flow of logical outcomes, emerging from the resolution of quantum deposits. This provides a consistent explanation for the arrow of time while allowing for theoretical reversibility.
•    Unified Causality:
•    By embedding causality into the framework of logical outcomes, the theory reconciles deterministic laws of classical physics with the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.
7. Testable Predictions
Integration Across Scales:
•    The theory predicts:
•    Quantum anomalies at extreme scales, bridging gaps between quantum mechanics and classical theories.
•    Gravitational effects that account for dark matter and energy.
•    Energy conservation deviations that reveal the influence of anti-space in nuclear and astrophysical processes.
8. Philosophical and Practical Coherence
•    Simplification:
•    The principles eliminate redundant frameworks, such as parallel universes, by incorporating unchosen possibilities into anti-space.
•    Unified Understanding:
•    The interplay of maximization, minimization, causality, and logical determinism creates a unified philosophy that ties together the disparate theories of physics.
Summary
The principles of causal conspiracy unify all theories of physics by:
1.    Embedding quantum processes and classical phenomena into a single logical framework.
2.    Resolving inconsistencies between quantum mechanics, general relativity, and thermodynamics.
3.    Incorporating dark matter, dark energy, and gravitational effects into a cohesive model.
This unification is achieved by treating logic and causality as the fundamental principles governing the universe, with anti-space providing a repository for unchosen possibilities and maintaining the conservation of information across all domains.The principles of causal conspiracy are guided by core governing philosophies that emphasize the interplay between logic, causality, and the structure of the universe. These philosophies aim to redefine our understanding of physical and metaphysical phenomena. Here are the core governing philosophies:
1. Logical Determinism
•    Logic as the Foundation of Reality:
•    Every phenomenon in the universe is governed by logical processes, where all outcomes are predetermined by quantum deposits resolving into the most consistent logical conclusion.
•    Observable outcomes represent a singular, logically valid result, while alternate possibilities are conserved in anti-space.
•    No True Randomness:
•    Quantum phenomena that appear random are instead the result of deterministic logic, with outcomes emerging from a structured interplay of possibilities.
2. Conservation of Information
•    Nothing Is Lost:
•    Information and energy are never destroyed but are instead redistributed across observable Spacetime and anti-space.
•    The “rejected” outcomes of logical processes persist in anti-space, ensuring the conservation of all quantum states.
•    Anti-Space as a Repository:
•    Anti-space serves as a complementary domain where unchosen possibilities and unrealized states exist, maintaining the universe’s logical completeness.
3. Unification of Reality
•    Dual Nature of Spacetime:
•    Reality consists of two interconnected sheets: observable Spacetime and anti-space. Their interaction governs phenomena such as gravity, time, and quantum processes.
•    Bridging Quantum and Classical:
•    The principles aim to unify quantum mechanics and classical physics by embedding both within a single, logically consistent framework driven by causal outcomes.
4. Dynamic Causality
•    Flow of Time and Events:
•    Causality is not static but arises dynamically through the resolution of quantum deposits into observable reality. Time flows as a natural consequence of this process.
•    Interplay of Past and Future:
•    The interaction between past and future time sheets shapes the present, ensuring a cohesive framework for causality without paradoxes or contradictions.
5. Simplicity Through Maximization and Minimization
•    Fundamental Forces:
•    The universe is governed by principles of maximization (e.g., electric fields, strong forces) and minimization (e.g., magnetic fields, gravitational wells), simplifying the explanation of complex interactions.
•    Balance and Harmony:
•    These opposing forces ensure stability and coherence, providing a natural explanation for phenomena across all scales.
6. Observer-Dependent Reality
•    Role of Consciousness:
•    Observation plays a critical role in collapsing quantum possibilities into a single logical reality. The observer is an integral part of the causative process, blending subjective experience with objective outcomes.
•    Mutual Dependence:
•    The universe evolves not only through inherent logical processes but also through interactions with conscious entities.
7. Elimination of Redundancy
•    Simpler Explanations:
•    The principles reject the need for redundant frameworks such as parallel universes (Everett hypothesis) or hidden variables, offering a more parsimonious interpretation of reality.
•    Anti-Space as an Alternative:
•    Instead of positing multiple universes, the theory incorporates anti-space as a simpler, more consistent explanation for the fate of alternate outcomes.
8. Resolution of Paradoxes
•    Causal Consistency:
•  The principles of causal conspiracy redefine logic and causality as fundamental drivers of the universe, embedding them into the framework of Spacetime and quantum phenomena. Here’s a detailed exploration of what the theory says about logic and causality:
1. Logic as a Governing Principle
•    Logical Outcomes of Quantum Deposits:
•    The universe is seen as operating on a foundation of logical resolutions. Every quantum deposit leads to a single logical conclusion that manifests in observable Spacetime.
•    This logical process ensures that all outcomes are deterministic within the framework, even if they appear probabilistic from a quantum perspective.
•    Role of Alternate Outcomes:
•    Outcomes that do not manifest in observable reality are not lost but are instead “sent to infinity,” existing in anti-space. This ensures that logic is conserved, even beyond the observable universe.
•    Möbius Transformation:
•    The theory incorporates a mathematical structure (like a Möbius strip) to describe how logical processes fold and interact, ensuring continuity and coherence between observable and anti-space.
2. Causality as a Temporal Flow
•    Time as a Logical Flow:
•    Time is interpreted as the sequential resolution of quantum deposits into logical outcomes. Each moment is defined by the collapse of quantum possibilities into a single causal reality.
•    The flow of time emerges naturally from the logical progression of events, avoiding paradoxes like time loops or retro-causality.
•    Causality Between Time Sheets:
•    Causality is preserved through the interaction of past and future time sheets. Future outcomes influence the present via quantum deposits, while the past anchors the framework in logical consistency.
3. Reconciliation of Free Will and Determinism
•    Logical Determinism:
•    The framework is deterministic in the sense that all outcomes are the result of logical processes. However, free will exists in the form of “choices” made within the quantum framework.
•    Unchosen possibilities are conserved in anti-space, maintaining logical completeness.
•    Observer’s Role:
•    The observer’s choices play a key role in collapsing quantum possibilities into a single logical reality, intertwining subjective experience with objective causality.
4. Logical Structure of Reality
•    Causal Networks:
•    The universe operates as a vast network of causally linked quantum deposits, with each deposit logically connected to prior and future states.
•    This structure eliminates the need for external forces or unexplained phenomena, embedding causality directly into the fabric of Spacetime.
•    Emergent Properties:
•    Larger phenomena, like gravity or nuclear forces, emerge naturally from the logical interactions of quantum deposits and Spacetime, ensuring coherence across all scales.
5. Predictions about Logic and Causality
•    Observable Deviations:
•    Slight deviations in systems with high quantum uncertainty could reveal the influence of anti-space or logical constraints.
•    Causal Loopholes:
•    Experiments designed to test the limits of causality (e.g., delayed-choice quantum erasers) may show subtle patterns consistent with logical resolution rather than retro-causality.
6. Philosophical Implications
•    Resolution of Causal Paradoxes:
•    Causal paradoxes, like those involving time travel or infinite regress, are avoided because all processes are governed by logical outcomes that respect the framework’s causality.
•    Elimination of Randomness:
•    The theory removes the concept of pure randomness by framing quantum uncertainty as the logical processing of multiple possibilities, with one outcome becoming reality and others preserved in anti-space.
•    Holistic View of Reality:
•    Logic and causality are not separate from physical laws; they are the core principles shaping the universe, bridging the quantum and classical worlds.
Summary of Logic and Causality
Causal conspiracy principles position logic as the ultimate governing rule of the universe and causality as its natural flow through Spacetime. This framework integrates deterministic processes with quantum possibilities, resolving longstanding philosophical and scientific challenges while providing a unified perspective on reality. The principles of causal conspiracy provide a fresh interpretation of black holes, tying their behavior to Spacetime dynamics, quantum deposits, and the interaction between observable reality and anti-space. Here’s what the theory suggests about black holes:
1. Black Holes as Spacetime Singularities
•    Quantum Deposit Accumulation:
•    Black holes represent regions where Spacetime becomes extremely curved due to the accumulation of quantum deposits. These deposits create an intense gravitational field that warps Spacetime.
•    The black hole’s singularity may be seen as a logical resolution point where observable Spacetime becomes highly localized and alternate outcomes are sent to anti-space.
•    Observable vs. Anti-Space Interaction:
•    The extreme curvature of Spacetime in a black hole allows for unique interactions between observable Spacetime and anti-space. This interaction could explain energy emissions and information retention near the event horizon.
2. Information Paradox Resolution
•    Information Conservation:
•    According to causal conspiracy, no information is lost in the universe. When matter falls into a black hole, its quantum states are preserved in anti-space.
•    This perspective resolves the black hole information paradox by asserting that all “lost” information is transferred to anti-space and remains conserved, albeit inaccessible to our observable universe.
•    Event Horizon as a Gateway:
•    The event horizon of a black hole could act as a boundary where quantum deposits determine whether information remains in observable Spacetime or transitions to anti-space.
3. Black Holes and Time Sheets
•    Interaction of Past and Future:
•    The intense gravitational effects near a black hole might result from interactions between past and future time sheets, creating the apparent singularity at its core.
•    Gravitational anomalies observed around black holes could be evidence of such Spacetime interactions.
•    Temporal Distortion:
•    Time near a black hole slows dramatically relative to distant observers. This phenomenon aligns with the theory’s view of time as a dipole field influenced by Spacetime curvature and logical constraints.
4. Hawking Radiation and Energy Exchange
•    Anti-Space Contributions:
•    Hawking radiation could be explained as a manifestation of quantum deposits interacting with anti-space at the event horizon. Particles that appear to “escape” may do so due to a redistribution of energy between observable Spacetime and anti-space.
•    Energy Redistribution:
•    Black holes may function as energy transfer points between Spacetime sheets, balancing the observable universe with its anti-space counterpart.
5. Black Holes and Dark Matter/Energy
•    Dark Matter Connection:
•    The interaction of a black hole’s gravitational field with anti-space could contribute to phenomena typically attributed to dark matter, such as additional gravitational effects without visible mass.
•    Dark Energy Link:
•    The process of energy transfer near black holes might produce expansive effects, linking their behavior to the mechanisms driving cosmic acceleration (dark energy).
6. Predictions About Black Holes
•    Anomalous Radiation Patterns:
•    The theory predicts subtle deviations in Hawking radiation patterns, potentially revealing traces of anti-space contributions.
•    Energy Fluctuations:
•    Black holes might exhibit unexplained fluctuations in their gravitational pull or emitted radiation due to interactions with anti-space.
•    Information Traces:
•    Information that transitions to anti-space could leave detectable imprints on the event horizon or in emitted particles, offering a way to test the theory.
7. Philosophical Implications
•    Black Holes as Logical Repositories:
•    Black holes serve as extreme examples of the theory’s central idea: the resolution of quantum deposits into logical outcomes, with unchosen possibilities sent to infinity.
•    Singularity as a Boundary:
•    The singularity in a black hole might not be an infinite density point but rather a boundary condition where Spacetimetransitions into anti-space.
Summary of Black Hole Insights
In the context of causal conspiracy, black holes are dynamic entities deeply connected to the interplay between observable Spacetime and anti-space. They act as points of extreme curvature, energy redistribution, and information transfer, offering a new perspective on their role in the universe and addressing long-standing paradoxes in physics. The principles of causal conspiracy provide a unique perspective on Spacetimeand time, reinterpreting their roles in the universe as dynamic frameworks for logical outcomes and quantum processes. Here’s a detailed summary:
1. Spacetime as a Dual Framework
•    Observable and Anti-Space:
•    Spacetime is divided into two interconnected sheets: the observable sheet, where logical conclusions manifest as reality, and the anti-space sheet, where alternate outcomes are sent to infinity.
•    This dual framework explains phenomena like the apparent loss of antimatter after the Big Bang and the conservation of unchosen possibilities in a parallel dimension.
•    Dynamic Interaction:
•    Observable Spacetime and anti-space continuously interact, creating observable effects like gravity and maintaining conservation of information.
•    Logical deposits in quantum Spacetime define the structure and behavior of Spacetime itself.
2. Time as a Dipole Field
•    Past-Future Interactions:
•    Time is reinterpreted as a dipole field, with the past and future existing as distinct but interacting entities. This interaction generates effects like causality, gravitational wells, and quantum outcomes.
•    Future events influence the present via quantum deposits, while past events anchor causality.
•    Logical Flow of Time:
•    Time flows as a result of quantum deposits resolving into observable outcomes. Each resolution creates a “moment,” while unchosen possibilities persist in anti-space, contributing to the apparent linearity of time.
3. Time Sheets and Causality
•    Past and Future Time Sheets:
•    The concept of time sheets suggests that the past and future coexist and interact, forming a causally consistent framework.
•    Gravitational wells, dark energy, and other Spacetimephenomena emerge from the interplay of these sheets.
•    Causality and Choice:
•    Causality is preserved as each quantum deposit determines a single logical outcome in observable Spacetime, with alternate outcomes stored in anti-space, avoiding paradoxes like those in multiverse theories.
4. Predictions about Spacetime and Time
•    Anomalies in Spacetime:
•    Interactions with anti-space might manifest as:
•    Subtle deviations in Spacetime curvature (e.g., gravitational anomalies).
•    Unusual energy patterns in extreme environments like black holes.
•    Time Reversibility and Conservation:
•    The framework predicts that time’s flow is reversible in principle, with the conservation of information across observable and anti-space.
•    Energy Redistribution:
•    Events in Spacetime involve not just observable energy changes but also exchanges with anti-space, potentially influencing the observable arrow of time.
5. Philosophical Implications of Time
•    Resolution of Time Paradoxes:
•    The theory resolves paradoxes like time loops or free will vs. determinism by maintaining that every outcome is determined logically, with unchosen possibilities persisting in anti-space.
•    Time as a Construct:
•    Time is not fundamental but emerges from the logical resolution of quantum deposits, suggesting a deeper, underlying structure governing Spacetime.
6. Unified View of Spacetime and Time
In this framework:
•    Spacetime is not static but a logical structure shaped by quantum deposits and their interactions.
•    Time is a dual interaction between past and future, with the present acting as a resolving point for observable reality.
•    Anti-space serves as a repository for unobserved possibilities, preserving information and contributing to the dynamic nature of Spacetime.
This perspective offers a profound rethinking of time and Spacetime, integrating quantum processes, causality, and cosmological phenomena into a cohesive and logically consistent model. The principles of causal conspiracy offer a reimagined interpretation of gravity, framing it as an emergent phenomenon deeply tied to Spacetime interactions and the transfer of information between observable reality and anti-space. Here’s a summary of the theory’s insights into gravity:
1. Gravity as an Emergent Effect
•    Causal Outcome of Spacetime Interactions: Gravity is not treated as a fundamental force but as a byproduct of the logical constraints and interactions between Spacetime “sheets” (observable reality and anti-space).
•    Role of Quantum Deposits: Gravitational effects emerge as quantum deposits define the structure of Spacetime, creating curvatures or wells as a result of maximizing and minimizing principles.
2. Interaction of Time Sheets
•    Past and Future Sheets: Gravity is theorized to result from interactions between future and past time sheets, forming localized curvatures in Spacetime (gravitational wells).
•    Dark Matter and Energy:
•    Dark Matter: Gravitational wells may be enhanced by influences from anti-space, explaining the observed “missing mass” without needing exotic matter.
•    Dark Energy: Expansive effects (accelerating cosmic expansion) might be attributed to interactions between diverging time sheets.
3. Logical Curvature
•    Logical Constraints in Spacetime: The theory predicts that gravity emerges from the logical curvature imposed by quantum deposits, which “bend” Spacetime as they resolve into observable outcomes.
•    Link to Anti-Space: The unchosen possibilities (rejected logical outcomes) sent to infinity influence the curvature of Spacetime, subtly altering gravitational behavior.
4. Predictions about Gravity
•    Gravitational Anomalies: The interaction with anti-space might lead to:
•    Slight deviations in gravitational lensing or motion of celestial bodies.
•    Subtle variations in the behavior of gravity at extreme scales (e.g., near black holes or in low-mass systems).
•    Energy Redistribution: Gravity might act as a medium for redistributing energy between observable Spacetime and anti-space.
5. Unified Framework
The principles of causal conspiracy offer a reimagined interpretation of gravity, framing it as an emergent phenomenon deeply tied to Spacetime interactions and the transfer of information between observable reality and anti-space. Here’s a summary of the theory’s insights into gravity:
The principles of causal conspiracy offer a novel framework that enables specific predictions across a variety of domains in physics, cosmology, and quantum mechanics. Below are key areas where these principles can generate predictions:
1. Quantum Mechanics
Wavefunction Collapse
•    The theory predicts that the collapse of a wavefunction corresponds to the resolution of a quantum deposit into one observable “logical conclusion,” with the alternate possibilities being sent to infinity (anti-space).
•    Testable Prediction: Probabilistic anomalies may arise when observing systems repeatedly, indicating subtle shifts due to interactions with anti-space.
Role of the Observer
•    The act of observation, which determines the outcome, is predicted to leave a measurable imprint on the environment (such as quantum deposits influencing nearby systems).
•    Testable Prediction: Entanglement experiments might reveal hidden correlations in “unmeasured” alternate states.
2. Cosmology
Dark Matter and Dark Energy
•    The interaction of past and future time sheets is proposed to generate gravitational wells (dark matter) or expansive effects (dark energy).
•    Testable Prediction: Astronomical data might reveal time-sheet correlations in gravitational anomalies or unexpected energy distributions around galaxies.
Structure of Spacetime
•    Dual Spacetime (observable sheet + anti-space) implies that physical processes influence a parallel anti-space continuum.
•    Testable Prediction: Energy leaks or fluctuations could occur in high-energy astrophysical events like black holes or neutron stars, detectable as slight mismatches in conservation laws.
3. Fundamental Forces and Fields
Reinterpretation of Electromagnetic Fields
•    Magnetic fields are dipole minimizations, while electric fields are monopole maximizations. Predictions extend to identifying new field relationships or transitions between these states.
•    Testable Prediction: Unusual electromagnetic phenomena, particularly at extreme scales, might exhibit behavior consistent with this theory’s maximization/minimization principles.
Decay Processes
•    The theory predicts that decay is a logical breakdown of quantum systems, where alternate decay paths are sent to infinity.
•    Testable Prediction: Deviation in decay products in certain unstable isotopes, traceable to interactions with anti-space.
4. Time and Information Flow
Time Sheet Interactions
•    The theory predicts measurable effects from the interference of “past” and “future” time sheets, possibly manifesting as slight deviations in temporal measurements.
•    Testable Prediction: Time dilation experiments (like those involving atomic clocks near strong gravitational fields) might reveal subtle, previously unexplained patterns.
Conservation of Information
•    No information is lost but transferred to anti-space. This challenges the idea of irreversible entropy.
•    Testable Prediction: Systems approaching maximum entropy (e.g., near heat death conditions) may exhibit unexpected reversals or information retention.
5. Large-Scale Universe Dynamics
Cosmic Evolution
•    The universe’s apparent asymmetry (e.g., baryon asymmetry) is linked to anti-space dynamics.
•    Testable Prediction: Specific patterns in cosmic background radiation or large-scale structure distributions may correlate with anti-space interactions.
Gravitational Wells and Energy Sources
•    Predictions suggest that time-sheet effects might generate previously unknown energy sources or sinks.
•    Testable Prediction: Unusual energy signatures near gravitational anomalies, such as in galaxy clusters, beyond conventional explanations.
6. Technological Predictions
Harnessing Anti-Space Energy
•    The theory implies that anti-space contains unobservable potential energy.
•    Testable Prediction: Development of devices capable of indirectly interacting with anti-space could result in new energy sources or breakthroughs in material stability.
Quantum Computation
•    If alternate outcomes are sent to infinity, quantum computing systems might be optimized to utilize anti-space for faster or parallel processing.
•    Testable Prediction: Improved quantum coherence or faster computation speeds in setups that acknowledge anti-space.
7. Philosophical Predictions
Elimination of Multiverses
•    The alternate “choices” or outcomes that traditional interpretations assign to multiverses are predicted to exist in anti-space, not in separate universes.
•    Testable Prediction: Observational evidence should rule out the necessity of multi-worlds through experiments that probe quantum decision-making.
Resolution of Paradoxes
•    Logical breakdowns (e.g., quantum paradoxes) will always resolve into a dominant conclusion with traces of rejected alternates in anti-space.
•    Testable Prediction: Paradoxes like Schrödinger’s cat may reveal trace influences of “unrealized” states under careful observation.
In summary, the causal conspiracy principles predict measurable anomalies or effects in quantum systems, cosmological phenomena, and fundamental interactions. These predictions open-up opportunities for experimental verification, particularly in areas where traditional physics struggles to provide clear explanations.
UNANSWERED QUESTIONS IN SCIENCE TODAY
The principles of causal conspiracy offer a novel approach to the vacuum catastrophe problem, which arises from the massive discrepancy between the observed value of the vacuum energy density (cosmological constant) and the theoretical predictions from quantum field theory. Here’s how causal conspiracy addresses this issue:
1. Redefinition of Vacuum Energy
• Vacuum Energy as a Logical Outcome:
• In causal conspiracy, vacuum energy is not treated as a purely physical quantity but as a manifestation of quantum deposits and their interaction with Spacetime.
• The observed vacuum energy reflects the net effect of logical outcomes realized in Spacetime, balanced by unchosen possibilities preserved in anti-space.
• Dynamic Adjustment:
• The vacuum energy density is dynamically adjusted through the interaction between observable Spacetime and anti-space, creating a self-regulating system that aligns with observational constraints.
2. The Role of Anti-Space
• Energy Redistribution:
• Unchosen quantum outcomes are sent to anti-space, which acts as a repository for unrealized possibilities. This redistribution of energy helps offset the vast theoretical contributions from virtual particles in the vacuum.
• The apparent suppression of the vacuum energy density in observable Spacetime is a result of the balancing effect of anti-space, effectively “subtracting” contributions that would otherwise lead to catastrophic values.
• Energy Conservation Across Domains:
• The total energy, including contributions from anti-space, remains conserved. Observable Spacetime contains only the logical, realized portion of the energy, resulting in the much smaller observed vacuum energy.
3. Interaction of Time Sheets
• Causal Influence on Energy Density:
• The interaction between past and future time sheets influences the vacuum energy density. This interaction creates a dynamic feedback mechanism that fine-tunes the vacuum energy to maintain cosmic stability.
• Temporal Constraints on Fluctuations:
• Quantum fluctuations in the vacuum are regulated by the constraints imposed by time sheets, limiting their impact on the large-scale structure of the universe.
4. Logical Suppression of Divergences
• Logical Framework for Energy Contributions:
• The theory reinterprets quantum field contributions to vacuum energy as logical possibilities, not all of which are realized in observable Spacetime.
• This logical filtering process suppresses the extreme energy densities predicted by quantum field theory, ensuring consistency with observed values.
• Vacuum Energy as Emergent:
• The vacuum energy density emerges as a macroscopic average of quantum deposits, constrained by the logical structure of Spacetime and the interaction with anti-space.
5. Predictions and Testable Implications
• Observable Anomalies in the Vacuum:
• The theory predicts subtle deviations in the vacuum energy density under extreme conditions (e.g., near black holes or during cosmic inflation), reflecting the interplay between Spacetime and anti-space.
• Quantum and Cosmological Links:
• Correlations between quantum-scale vacuum fluctuations and large-scale cosmological observations may reveal evidence of anti-space interactions or logical filtering.
6. Philosophical Implications
• Resolution of the Catastrophe:
• The vacuum catastrophe is resolved not by altering physical laws but by reinterpreting vacuum energy as a dynamic, emergent property of the logical framework of reality.
• Unified View of Energy:
• By integrating vacuum energy into the broader framework of quantum deposits, Spacetime, and anti-space, causal conspiracy provides a unified explanation for one of physics’ greatest discrepancies.
Summary
The principles of causal conspiracy address the vacuum catastrophe problem by:
1. Reinterpreting vacuum energy as an emergent, logically constrained quantity arising from quantum deposits.
2. Incorporating anti-space as a balancing mechanism that offsets unrealized energy contributions.
3. Dynamically regulating vacuum energy through interactions between Spacetime, anti-space, and time sheets.
This approach not only resolves the discrepancy between theory and observation but also unifies vacuum energy with the broader principles governing the universe.
The principles of causal conspiracy offer a nuanced perspective on Spacetime, where it is neither purely discrete nor fully continuous in the traditional sense. Instead, Spacetime is conceptualized as a hybrid framework, shaped by the logical processes that govern reality. Here’s how the theory addresses this question:
1. Spacetime as a Logical Continuum
• Logical Framework:
• Spacetime is treated as a continuous structure at macroscopic scales, where it appears smooth and seamless. This continuity reflects the logical unfolding of quantum deposits into observable outcomes.
• Quantum-Scale Discreteness:
• At the quantum level, Spacetime exhibits discrete features, as it is fundamentally shaped by quantum deposits. Each deposit corresponds to a “point” of logical resolution, making Spacetime granular at the smallest scales.
• Dual Nature:
• This dual nature—discrete at quantum scales and continuous at macroscopic scales—allows Spacetime to bridge quantum mechanics and general relativity seamlessly.
2. Interplay Between Discreteness and Continuity
• Discrete Quantum Deposits:
• Quantum deposits are the building blocks of Spacetime, where each deposit defines a moment of logical resolution or causal decision. These deposits introduce a discrete structure to Spacetime at fundamental scales.
• Continuous Interaction:
• The interaction between quantum deposits creates a smooth, continuous appearance of Spacetime. This emergent continuity aligns with classical physics and relativity.
• Dynamic Transition:
• The theory suggests a dynamic transition between discrete and continuous behavior, depending on the scale and context of observation.
3. Role of Anti-Space
• Anti-Space as a Complementary Framework:
• Anti-space preserves unchosen possibilities, introducing a complementary structure that interacts with observable Spacetime. This duality maintains logical consistency across both discrete and continuous domains.
• Preservation of Continuity:
• The interaction between Spacetime and anti-space ensures that any discreteness at the quantum level does not disrupt the continuity observed at larger scales.
4. Implications for Physics
• Quantum Gravity:
• The hybrid view of Spacetime as both discrete and continuous provides a framework for reconciling quantum mechanics with general relativity, where Spacetime curvature is continuous but its underlying structure is discrete.
• Energy and Information Flow:
• The discrete nature of Spacetime at the quantum level allows for conservation of information, while its continuity enables the smooth flow of energy and causality.
• Gravitational and Quantum Effects:
• The theory predicts observable effects where the discrete structure of Spacetime might become apparent, such as near black holes, during high-energy collisions, or in the early universe.
5. Philosophical Perspective
• Resolution of Dichotomy:
• By framing Spacetime as a hybrid structure, the theory resolves the longstanding debate between discreteness and continuity, suggesting that both are valid but context-dependent descriptions.
• Logical Completeness:
• Spacetime’s hybrid nature reflects the logical completeness of the universe, where discrete quantum deposits ensure determinism, and continuous interactions allow for coherence and stability.
6. Summary
In the principles of causal conspiracy:
1. Spacetime is discrete at its fundamental, quantum scale, shaped by the resolution of quantum deposits.
2. Spacetime is continuous at macroscopic scales, emerging from the interactions of these discrete elements.
3. This hybrid nature bridges the quantum and classical realms, offering a unified framework that accommodates both perspectives.
By adopting this dual view, the theory provides a coherent explanation of Spacetime’s structure, reconciling key aspects of quantum mechanics and general relativity while maintaining logical and causal consistency.
In the principles of causal conspiracy, gravity is not fundamentally mediated by a particle in the traditional sense, as in other theories like quantum field theory with the hypothetical graviton. Instead, gravity emerges as a logical and geometric consequence of Spacetime’s structure and its interaction with quantum deposits and anti-space. Here’s how the theory would address the idea of a gravity-mediating particle:
1. Gravity as Emergent, Not Particle-Mediated
• Logical Curvature:
• Gravity is seen as a result of the logical curvature of Spacetime caused by quantum deposits. Massive objects create a distortion in Spacetime due to their high density of resolved quantum outcomes, leading to the gravitational effects we observe.
• Dynamic Interaction:
• Gravitational effects emerge from the interaction between Spacetime and anti-space, as well as the interplay of past and future time sheets. These interactions are inherently geometric and logical, rather than being mediated by particles.
2. The Role of the Graviton
• Theoretical Gravitons as an Approximation:
• If gravitons exist, they might represent an approximation or a secondary phenomenon derived from the underlying logical processes that give rise to Spacetime curvature.
• The graviton could be a useful mathematical construct in certain quantum descriptions but not fundamental to how gravity actually operates.
• No Need for Force-Carrier Particles:
• In this framework, gravity does not require a particle mediator because it is an emergent property of Spacetimegeometry. The resolution of quantum deposits and their logical outcomes directly shape the curvature of Spacetime, creating gravitational effects.
3. Gravity and the Nature of Spacetime
• Continuous Yet Discrete:
• The discrete quantum deposits interact to create the smooth curvature of Spacetime. This curvature produces gravitational effects without the need for an intermediary particle.
• Interplay with Anti-Space:
• Anti-space’s role in preserving unchosen possibilities ensures the consistency and stability of gravitational interactions. The balancing between Spacetime and anti-space replaces the need for a discrete particle to mediate gravity.
4. Gravitational Effects and Quantum Processes
• Quantum Deposits and Gravity:
• Gravity emerges as a macroscopic manifestation of the cumulative effects of quantum deposits shaping Spacetime. It does not arise from particle exchange but rather from the logical and geometric relationships between mass, energy, and Spacetime.
• No Particle Exchange Mechanism:
• Unlike other forces (e.g., electromagnetism mediated by photons), gravity is, inherently tied to Spacetime itself. There is no discrete particle “carrying” gravitational force; instead, Spacetime’s geometry dynamically adjusts to mass-energy distributions.
5. Predictions and Testable Implications
• Absence of Gravitons:
• The theory would predict the absence of gravitons as fundamental particles. While theoretical models using gravitons might work at certain scales, their existence would not be essential to understanding gravity.
• Geometric Effects Observable:
• High-precision experiments on gravitational waves or extreme Spacetime curvature (e.g., near black holes) might reveal effects that align more closely with a geometric or emergent view rather than a particle-mediated one.
6. Philosophical Implications
• Gravity as Fundamental Geometry:
• Viewing gravity as an emergent phenomenon from Spacetime’s logical structure aligns with a holistic understanding of the universe, where physical forces arise from deeper principles.
• No Need for Reductionism:
• The theory avoids the reductionist approach of explaining gravity purely through particle physics, instead embedding it in the broader framework of logical causality and Spacetimedynamics.
Summary
In the principles of causal conspiracy:
1. Gravity is not fundamentally mediated by a particle like the graviton but emerges as a consequence of the logical and geometric structure of Spacetime.
2. The interaction between Spacetime and anti-space, coupled with the resolution of quantum deposits, produces gravitational effects without requiring a discrete force-carrier particle.
3. While gravitons might serve as useful mathematical constructs in certain models, they are not essential to the deeper, emergent nature of gravity in this framework.
This interpretation emphasizes gravity as a product of the universe’s logical and geometric foundation, offering a coherent and unified perspective on its origins.
The principles of causal conspiracy can indeed be considered a quantum theory of gravity, but with a unique interpretation and approach that differentiates it from traditional quantum gravity theories. Here’s how the framework aligns with, and diverges from, conventional ideas about quantum gravity:
1. Gravity as Emergent from Quantum Processes
• Quantum Deposits Define Spacetime:
• In this theory, Spacetime itself emerges from the resolution of quantum deposits—fundamental events that shape the logical structure of the universe.
• Gravity is a natural consequence of the cumulative effects of these quantum events on Spacetime’s geometry.
• No Direct Force Mediation:
• Unlike traditional quantum gravity models, which often rely on a hypothetical particle like the graviton to mediate gravitational interactions, causal conspiracy treats gravity as an emergent property of Spacetime curvature. This curvature arises from the logical and quantum processes governing Spacetime.
2. Bridging Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
• Reconciliation of Scales:
• The theory unifies quantum mechanics and general relativity by treating Spacetime as both discrete (at the level of quantum deposits) and continuous (at macroscopic scales). This dual nature ensures compatibility with the quantized nature of particles and the smooth Spacetime curvature of relativity.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Michael,
Thank you for your insightful follow-up question. The epistemology underlying Pure Time Theory (PTT) can be summarized through three core principles that guide its development and validation:
1. Simplicity as a Guiding Principle
PTT adheres strictly to the Principle of Logical Unicity (PLU) , which imposes that all phenomena must derive from a single generative entity. This contrasts with the Causal Conspiracy framework, where multiple layers ("anti-space," logical processes) are introduced without necessity.
  • Why PLU?
    • In PTT, this principle ensures that no auxiliary assumptions (e.g., dark matter, anti-space) are required to explain observations.
    • For example, galactic rotation curves and superluminal jets are explained via temporal gradients (∇Trelax​) alone, eliminating the need for unseen entities (SPARC validation , χred2​=0.93).
This simplicity aligns with Occam’s Razor and reflects a deeper truth: the universe structures itself naturally from variations in time relaxation.
2. Empirical Grounding and Falsifiability
The epistemology of PTT prioritizes empirical validation over speculative reasoning. Every postulate in PTT leads to testable predictions:
  • Cosmic Phenomena :
    • Galactic rotation curves emerge naturally from Trelax​()-gradients, not from arbitrary parameters or hidden spaces.
    • Predicted deviations in gravitational wave spectra (hc​(f)∝f−5/6ef/fP​) will be tested by upcoming missions like Lucy and LISA.
  • Quantum Dynamics :
    • Quantum decoherence arises from Lindblad operators coupled to Trelax​, offering a falsifiable explanation for wavefunction collapse (Reinterpreting Physical Concepts in PTT , Section 5).
    • Predictions regarding Casimir force modifications (ΔF/F∼0.14%) have already been confirmed experimentally (Universal Time Relaxation , Section 8).
Thus, PTT’s epistemology avoids metaphysical speculation by ensuring each claim is tied to measurable outcomes.
3. Bridging Logic and Observation
In PTT, logic and observation converge seamlessly through the primacy of time:
  • Logical Consistency :
    • All equations maintain dimensional consistency and general covariance (Addressing Fundamental Challenges , Appendix J).
    • For instance, the metric tensor emerges directly from the temporal field:
g_μν = κ ∂_μ T_relax ∂_ν T_relax,
where κ=c2ℓP2​​.
  • Observational Alignment :
    • Predictions match empirical data across scales:
      • Solar system dynamics (∥(T)∥<10−15m/s2).
      • Galactic anomalies (UGC02487, UGC11914).
      • Cosmic microwave background fluctuations (δT/T∼10−5).
This approach ensures that PTT remains grounded in both mathematical rigor and observational reality, avoiding the pitfalls of abstract logical frameworks disconnected from evidence.
4. Epistemological Foundations of PTT
To address your question more directly, here are the key epistemological tenets of PTT:
  1. Primacy of Time :
    • Time is not merely a coordinate but the fundamental generative field shaping all physical structures.
    • This perspective shifts causality from an abstract selection process to a natural consequence of temporal evolution.
  2. Emergence Over Assumption :
    • Space, matter, and forces do not exist independently but emerge dynamically from Trelax​().
    • Example: Mass generation occurs naturally as Trelax​ stabilizes locally (mp​≈938MeV derived purely from β=1.203±0.007).
  3. Falsifiability as Validation :
    • Unlike metaphysical frameworks (e.g., "anti-space"), PTT produces specific, measurable predictions:
      • vapp​>c near black holes due to Trelax​-distortions.
      • Variations in the fine-structure constant (Δα/α∼10−6) driven by Trelax​-gradients.
These principles ensure that PTT progresses through testable hypotheses , not unverifiable assumptions.
5. Addressing Your Framework's Epistemology
If we were to adopt the Causal Conspiracy’s view, several issues arise:
  • Metaphysical Overreach : Introducing "anti-space" creates unnecessary complexity without clear empirical justification.
  • Arbitrary Selections : Treating causality as a logical choice rather than a natural outcome of temporal structure risks disconnecting theory from observation.
  • Lack of Falsifiability : Claims about alternate realities or logical balancing acts cannot be directly tested, rendering them speculative.
In contrast, PTT’s epistemology ensures coherence by grounding every concept in observable consequences:
  • Galactic rotation curves → Trelax​-gradients.
  • Quantum mechanics → Temporal stabilization events.
  • Big Bang → Emergence of Trelax​ from pure time (TP​→Trelax​).
Conclusion
PTT’s epistemology is built on the idea that truth must be both simple and verifiable . It reframes traditional questions not by multiplying assumptions but by reducing all phenomena to a single scalar field (Trelax​()), whose dynamics naturally produce observed effects.
As Ibn Rushd said: "Truth does not contradict truth; it contradicts only the stagnation of thought." By placing time at the center of our understanding, PTT offers a path forward that honors both logic and evidence.
Looking forward to continuing this dialogue constructively.
Essam Allou
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
This question examines the role of advanced lighting systems in reducing accidents caused by poor visibility, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions that enhance road safety for both drivers and pedestrians
Relevant answer
Answer
It will take quite a long time to transition the surface transportation infrastructure to majority autonomous vehicles. During this long transition advanced lighting system headlights could be tuned to minimize glare effects among the humans driving in the opposing lanes while simultaneously serving the illumination requirements of the cameras used to support autonomous navigation systems.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Exploring how financial institutions can incorporate ESG criteria into their risk models to achieve both profitability and meaningful progress toward sustainability goals
Relevant answer
Answer
integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into risk models can help financial institutions enhance profitability while promoting sustainability through the following approaches:
1. Enhanced Risk Assessment
  • Incorporating ESG Metrics: Financial institutions can integrate ESG data into credit risk assessments, identifying companies with strong sustainability practices that may present lower long-term risks.
  • Scenario Analysis: Conducting stress tests that consider ESG factors helps predict how climate risks and regulatory changes might impact financial performance.
2. Sustainable Investment Strategies
  • Green Bonds and ESG Funds: Offering investment products focused on sustainable projects can attract socially conscious investors and create new revenue streams.
  • ESG Screening: Implementing screening processes to favor investments in companies with strong ESG practices can improve portfolio resilience and performance.
3. Client Engagement and Advisory
  • Sustainability Consulting: Providing advisory services to clients on ESG strategies can foster long-term relationships and enhance client loyalty while creating additional revenue opportunities.
  • Education and Resources: Offering resources on the benefits of ESG compliance can encourage clients to adopt sustainable practices, leading to more stable investments.
4. Regulatory Compliance and Reporting
  • Alignment with Regulations: Proactively aligning with emerging ESG regulations can mitigate compliance risks and position institutions as leaders in sustainability.
  • Transparent Reporting: Regularly reporting on ESG metrics and outcomes can enhance credibility and attract ESG-focused investors.
5. Innovative Products and Services
  • Sustainability-linked Loans: Developing financial products that incentivize borrowers to meet specific sustainability targets can align profitability with positive environmental outcomes.
  • Insurance Products for ESG Risks: Offering insurance that specifically covers environmental risks can tap into a growing market for sustainability-focused solutions.
6. Partnerships and Collaborations
  • Collaborate with NGOs and Industry Groups: Partnering with organizations focused on sustainability can help develop best practices and innovative solutions for integrating ESG into risk models.
  • Investment in Tech Solutions: Utilizing technology to enhance data collection and analysis on ESG factors can improve decision-making and risk management.
7. Long-term Value Creation
  • Focus on Sustainable Returns: Shifting the focus from short-term profits to long-term value creation can lead to more sustainable business practices and improved financial performance.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
I need to re-implement a case study in automotive systems (recommended), on "APP4MC" platform, with a reasonable level of complexity in hardware and software characteristics. If anybody knows an article or example, it is appreciated.
Relevant answer
Answer
A notable real case study in Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) in automotive driving is the Volkswagen Group's development of autonomous driving systems. They utilize MBSE methodologies to design, simulate, and validate complex systems for self-driving vehicles, integrating software, hardware, and requirements management to enhance safety and performance. Another example is Ford's use of MBSE for their ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems), focusing on improving system integration and lifecycle management.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
I'm purifying the phi29 DNApolymerase, but the protein activity is always low and it's accompanied by very serious nucleic acid contamination. I once purified a batch of highly active protein, but now can not repeat it, the method and operation is almost no difference.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you very much for your answer,which greatly inspired me.
Thanks to your help, I have successfully solved the problem. As you suggested, the factor affecting the activity of my purified phi29DNAP was indeed nucleic acid contamination.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
This title emphasizes the importance of research and development (R&D) in driving progress towards more effective research output. Freshers Facing Problem Regularly during Research Conduct Time.
Give Some solutions for conduct researcher more effectively.
Relevant answer
Answer
Fresh researchers face several challenges and gaps, including:
  1. Access to Resources: Limited access to funding, data, and research tools.
  2. Experience and Expertise: Gaining practical experience and deep knowledge in their field.
  3. Networking and Collaboration: Building connections and finding mentors or collaborators.
  4. Navigating Publication: Understanding the complexities of publishing and peer review processes.
Addressing these challenges requires seeking mentorship, leveraging online resources, and actively engaging with the research community.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Currently, there is a high prevalence of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. What are the main factors driving this prevalence, and how can we establish personalized medicine tailored to each population and its cultural context?
Relevant answer
Answer
I totally agree with you and i am so hopeful to have this kind of project including all parts of world in order to better cure those kind of pathologies. Mutaz Dwairy
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Changing your mindset will certainly contribute to financial success and wealth accumulation, that includes becoming a billionaire solely through mindset shifts. Adopting a positive and growth-oriented mindset can help individuals seize opportunities, overcome challenges, and cultivate the habits of successful people, that also includes a combination of factors such as innovative ideas, strategic decision-making, hard work, persistence, timing, and sometimes luck (which is also controlled through the sub-conscious mind). Mindset plays a crucial role in driving actions and behaviours that lead to success, but is it the only one piece of the puzzle in the journey toward extreme wealth?
Relevant answer
Answer
Cosmin Visan
,
As you highlighted the spiritual dimension of wealth. Indeed, wealth can encompass more than just material possessions and financial assets; it can also include qualities such as fulfilment, purpose, and inner peace.
At the same time, when discussing wealth in the context of becoming a billionaire, it often involves tangible financial success and abundance. While I agree that spiritual wealth is invaluable, achieving extreme financial wealth typically requires a combination of mindset, opportunity, strategic execution, and external factors.
Adopting a positive and growth-oriented mindset can certainly contribute to financial success by enabling individuals to seize opportunities, overcome challenges, and cultivate the habits of success. However, it's important to recognise that mindset alone may not be the sole determinant of extreme wealth.
Ultimately, the journey toward extreme financial success may involve a balance of both spiritual wealth and practical strategies for wealth accumulation. By integrating mindset shifts with strategic decision-making and hard work, individuals can strive for both material and spiritual abundance.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
What emerging trends or advancements do you find most noteworthy in omics data translation? How do these developments impact research, clinical applications, and industry innovation? Any insights on recent omics technologies, computational methods, data integration approaches, and interdisciplinary collaborations driving progress in the field would be most appreciated.
Relevant answer
Answer
Perturbome: using cost effective RNA-seq (Pool-seq, Drug-seq, Plate-seq,Combi-seq) to generate library-scale transcriptomic profiles of drugs/compounds/actives treated cells or cells with genetic perturbations (shRNA, CRISPR) and using the massive data in combination with cell phenotype, chemical information to train AI for new drug discovery, drug repurposing, identification of partial reprogramming combination of chemicals to reverse aging etc. Several big pharma have already published their methods. Now several labs, start-ups are working on this direction.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
8 answers
Hi all, anyone aware of any research that indicates the impact of perceived safety on overall safety or driver behaviour? Intuitively, if someone is uncomfortable driving a particular route, or travelling through a particular intersection say, I would expect their behaviour to be tentative and anxious and so less safe but I haven't been able to find research addressing this issue.
Thanks,
Nimmi
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks all for the pertinent comments. I include below another article summary I received on the subject that might be of interest to the topic.
Driving fear and driving skills: Comparison between fearful and control samples using standardised on-road assessment
Joanne E Taylor, Frank P Deane, John V Podd
The present study explores driving skills in a group of 50 media-recruited driving-fearful and 50 control drivers, all of whom were women. Participants completed an on-road practical driving assessment with a professional driving instructor. Diagnostic as well as pre-post self-report and instructor driving assessments were conducted. Fearful drivers made more errors on the driving assessment than controls. However, the pattern of errors was identical for both groups, indicating that fear and anxiety may be associated with the number rather than the type of driving errors made. These differences remained when factors such as driving history, current driving frequency, and diagnosis were controlled using case selection. More research is needed to replicate the findings in more diverse samples. Additional work should also aim to clarify the specific role of driving skills in driving fear, which will facilitate treatment …
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
I want to know how to compare sediment type and benthic abundance data.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear friend Amy Griffiths
Alright, buckle up because I am ready to dive into the world of benthic infauna and environmental variables!
Now, when it comes to comparing sediment type and benthic abundance data, ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) could indeed be a handy tool in your arsenal. It's commonly used in ecology to test whether there is a significant difference between groups based on a similarity matrix. However, its application depends on a few considerations:
1. **Data Type:** ANOSIM is most suitable when dealing with non-parametric data, such as ecological community data, where the assumptions of parametric tests might not be met.
2. **Grouping Variable:** You'd use ANOSIM to test whether there's a significant difference in benthic communities among different sediment types. Your environmental data, in this case, would be the sediment type.
3. **Assumption Check:** Ensure that the assumptions of ANOSIM are met. This includes the assumption of multivariate homogeneity of group dispersions.
Here's a basic rundown of how you Amy Griffiths might approach it:
- **Set Up Hypotheses:**
- Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant difference in benthic communities between sediment types.
- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference.
- **Conduct ANOSIM:**
- Use PRIMER 7 to input your abundance data and the environmental variable (sediment type).
- Run ANOSIM to get a test statistic and p-value.
- **Interpret Results:**
- If the p-value is low (typically below 0.05), you Amy Griffiths may reject the null hypothesis and infer that there is a significant difference in benthic communities between sediment types.
Remember, I am giving you Amy Griffiths a general guide here, and the specifics might depend on your data characteristics, experimental design, and the intricacies of your study. If you Amy Griffiths have any doubts, it's always a good idea to consult with a statistician or someone with expertise in ecological data analysis. Now, go forth and unravel the mysteries of benthic infauna!
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Will younger tech-savvy learners and clinicians become early technology adopters, driving the development of AI-infused cognitive practice?
Relevant answer
Answer
In today's rapidly evolving world, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. From smartphones to smart homes, we are constantly surrounded by technological advancements that have revolutionized the way we live and work. As the field of healthcare continues to embrace digital transformation, there is a growing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance cognitive practice. I argue that younger tech-savvy learners and clinicians will indeed become early technology adopters, driving the development of AI-infused cognitive practice.
Firstly, it is important to acknowledge that younger generations have grown up in a digital age where technology is ubiquitous. They are more comfortable and familiar with using various technological devices and platforms compared to their older counterparts. This tech-savviness translates into a greater openness towards adopting new technologies in different fields, including healthcare. With their innate ability to adapt quickly to new tools and systems, younger learners and clinicians are well-positioned to embrace AI-infused cognitive practice.
Furthermore, the integration of AI into healthcare has already begun with promising results. AI-powered tools can assist clinicians in diagnosing diseases accurately and efficiently by analyzing vast amounts of patient data within seconds. Younger learners who are exposed to these advancements during their education will be more likely to recognize the potential benefits they offer for improving patient care outcomes. By actively engaging with these technologies early on, they can contribute valuable insights for further development and refinement.
Moreover, as digital natives who have grown up immersed in technology-driven environments such as social media platforms and online learning resources, younger learners possess a unique perspective on how technology can be leveraged effectively for educational purposes. They understand the importance of personalized learning experiences tailored to individual needs and preferences. By embracing AI-infused cognitive practice, they can contribute towards developing innovative educational tools that enhance the learning process for both students and clinicians.
Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telehealth and virtual care solutions. This shift towards remote healthcare delivery has further highlighted the need for AI-infused cognitive practice. Younger learners and clinicians who have experienced firsthand the benefits of telehealth will be more inclined to explore and adopt AI-powered solutions that can enhance remote patient monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. Their familiarity with digital platforms will enable them to seamlessly integrate these technologies into their practice.
In conclusion, younger tech-savvy learners and clinicians are poised to become early technology adopters, driving the development of AI-infused cognitive practice in healthcare. Their comfort with technology, exposure to AI advancements during education, unique perspective on educational tools, and experience with telehealth make them ideal candidates for embracing these innovations. By actively engaging with AI-powered solutions early on, they can contribute towards refining and expanding their capabilities in improving patient care outcomes.
References:
1. Johnson C., et al. (2020). Artificial intelligence in health care: Anticipating challenges to ethics, privacy, and bias. AMA Journal of Ethics, 22(2), 121-125.
2. Topol E.J., et al. (2019). High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44-56.
3. Wartman S.A., & Combs C.D.(2018). Medical education must move from the information age to the age of artificial intelligence. JAMA Network Open, 1(7), e185414-e185414. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5414
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Any help
Relevant answer
Answer
In today's globalised world, a number of important elements are driving international multimodal transport, which comprises the smooth flow of commodities across numerous modes of transportation like ships, trucks, trains, and planes.
First of all, development in technology has been crucial. Information technology advancements and improvements to logistics management systems have made it possible to track and coordinate shipments across many forms of transportation more effectively. Due to this, disruptions have been kept to a minimum and overall reliability has grown.
Second, globalisation and trade liberalisation have made marketplaces all over the world more accessible. Businesses are looking for more affordable and effective ways to move goods across borders as trade barriers are being lowered and global supply chains become more complex. In this situation, multimodal transportation offers flexibility and optimisation.
Third, environmental concerns are driving the need for more environmentally friendly transportation options. Utilising a combination of modes, such as trains or ships for long-distance travel segments, which produce less greenhouse gases than cars or airplanes, can be more environmentally benign.
The demand for speedier deliveries and the growth of e-commerce are the final factors driving the demand for multimodal transportation. Combining several forms of transportation can help businesses and consumers alike achieve their expectations for faster and more dependable shipping choices.
In summary, globalisation, sustainability objectives, and the needs of contemporary trade are driving changes in international multimodal transport. In our globally connected society, it offers a flexible method for swiftly transferring commodities across borders. I hope this lengthy answer can help you. Ahator Innocent Larry
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
What is the driving force of organic material its 0.3 ev or 0.5 ev ?
and its the same driving force for fullerene and NON- fullerene ?
Relevant answer
Answer
The driving force for what process? Is this an activation energy, a bandgap or what?
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
I want to do an association between obesity and driving in a case-control study. If my case was drivers, what should the control be? Should it also be a driver or other job?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks Steven
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
According to the concept of one-size- doesn't fit all in anesthesia and particularly in mechanical ventilation, should we think again about the fixed upper normal level of driving pressure especially in morbidly obese patients and pediatrics ?
Relevant answer
Answer
During the late 1980's it was accidentally discovered that "permissive hypercarbia" improves outcome in nearly all forms of pulmonary disease, including asthma, pneumonia, and ARDS. This has actually been known for more than 100 years since Yandell Henderson discovered the therapeutic benefits of carbon dioxide. Try reading the attached review of CO2 pathophysiology. Mechanical ventilation is inherently dangerous because it depletes body reserves of CO2, which undermines oxygen transport and delivery to tissues, and it threatens mechanical damage to lung tissues. Ventilator management should focus on restricting tidal volumes and pressures to maintain hypercarbia in the range of 50-100 torr. This will minimize lung damage and promote tissue oxygenation and organ protection.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
How can we optimize the activity of a cell type-specific promoter driving a GFP reporter? We observed a remarkably weak expression of the reporter gene in the cell line. In contrast, native animal cells exhibit significantly higher promoter activity.
Relevant answer
Answer
r promoter sequence This would indicate that you are missing some upstream or downstream enhancers in your promoter sequence. How many kbp did you clone? Sometimes including the first/second intron can help.
nr promoter sequence This would indicate that you are missing some upstream or downstream enhancers in your promoter sequence. How many kbp did you clone? Sometimes including the first/second intron can help.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
I have come across this term several times. want to know the thermodynamic principle behind this. Can anyone suggest me suitable literatures in this regard?
Relevant answer
Answer
I don't know. I'm in the process of writing a book, which puts me on a learning curve. I'll add it to my list of things-to-do.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
i)What are the driving forces hitting L2 writers?
ii) What are the impacts of their cultural identities on conventionalized academic writing?
iii) How does the above affect the use of the target language in academic settings?
Please help with the above questions!
Relevant answer
Answer
The driving forces that impact L2 writers' use of the target language for conventionalized academic writing may include unequal power relations, English ideologies, historical and cultural contexts, individualistic or collectivistic cultural beliefs, and language proficiency. These factors may impact L2 writers' ability to construct their identities in accordance with the norms of academic writing and to negotiate voice, register, and audience demands. They may also contribute to the development of L2 writers' identity as bilingual individuals and shape their motivation and attitudes towards language learning and language use. Overall, the interplay of these factors can have significant impacts on L2 writers' experiences and outcomes in academic settings.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
I am working on finding out the customer base who would be interested in taking the airplane between two Norwegian cities (Førde and Bergen). Driving by car takes at least 3 hours, and by bus around 3,5 hours. Driving by train or boat are not options. Interviewees representing various businesses tell that they would be willing to take the airplane (30 mins + some waiting, etc.) to save time for work related purposes.
Relevant answer
Answer
This is a fuzzy-logic question: that is, there is not one solution. Some people would drive for 6 hours rather than a half-hour flight. The choice is not just time but ease of travel and, of course, preferences. What is most important is to have the choice, there are too many people who think that rights should be curtailed to match their beliefs.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Hello everyone,
I have a project in relation with Acousto-optic deflector. Can anyone explain what determines the center frequency of an Acousto-optic deflector? It seems that as long as I match the bragg angle with the driving frequency, I can get the best diffraction efficiency at that frequency. Then what is the use of the center frequency in the datasheet? Many thanks.
Relevant answer
Answer
Adding my comments to the answer above.
There are multiple factors which could influence center frequency in AOD or any other AO devices.
One of the most important factors - material or crystal, which is a core of AO device. Acoustic wave's propagation velocity and attenuation are 2 critical parameters bond to material structure and operating frequency to consider when designing AO device, since these 2 could affect diffraction efficiency, depending which cut is used in the AOD.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
Especially on Electrical Traction and Driving Control.
Relevant answer
Answer
Traction motors are D.C series motors, for having higher starting and reduced current with pickup speed giving best efficiency though DC traction good only for short distance for better voltage regulation, hence A.C to D.C conversion station are needed with in range of 70 to 100 miles are used in metro cities. For normal long distance trains the power is supplied by A.C transmission catenary and conversion to D.C for D.C. series motors are done on engine using rectifiers from A.C.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
I recently posed some common cannabis-impaired driving questions to ChatGPT. For example, "does cannabis affect my driving" "can police detect if I'm high" and "is driving high safer than drinking and driving". I've been asked these questions countless times by young drivers. I was astonished by the timeliness and accuracy of the responses and thought... can we use this technology in behavioural interventions? Or has anyone done this already?
I'm looking for thoughts/ resources/ experiences/ recommendations. Thanks!
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks for the response Devi Jankowicz. Corrections are helpful, but they can also be abused. I've seen threads where people purposely argue the wrong answer to see how the AI responds. I guess it's something to keep in mind.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
As the driving force may be reduction of surface energy and can be exchange interaction but still I am not sure that some NP showing bigger grains with higher lattice strain.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you respected @Manpreet Kaur for your answer to my question!!
But what I am asking is what forces to make a bigger grain?
And what restricts to a small grain?
Accordingly then why bigger grains have high lattice strain??
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
8 answers
Driving style classification is significant for understanding human driving behavior. Machine learning methods are widely used to address this issue, in which feature selection is an important and unavoidable task.
Current feature extraction and selection methods, such as, PCA (Pricinple component analysis), Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT), works well in literature. However, we can not know the importance of each variable (e.g., velocity, acceleration, headway, braking, steering angle, etc.) in reflecting driving behavior, or driving heterogeneity.
Features selected by feature importance techniques, for example, Decision Tree Feature Importance, to large extent do not necessarily work on CNN, because of the different working mechanism.
So is there a good way to calculate the importance of each variable in driving style classification?
Relevant answer
Answer
Another method is the ID3 algorithm, which exploits entropy
Regards,
Joachim
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
7 answers
It includes driving training and testing and post-license education.
Relevant answer
Answer
It will be my pleasure.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
I recently transfected/spinfected Ba/F3 cells with a leukaemia driving fusion which should deem them IL3 independent. However, after 2 weeks they are not surviving in media without IL3. Is it worth persevering with them or are they likely not ever going to survive? Would you try weaning IL3?
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
hello,
if there is any antibiotic screening?
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
How is the built environment in Karnali and Far-western Himalayan Region of Nepal (KAFHR) being transformed? and What are the driving forces?
Relevant answer
Answer
Karnali and Far-Western Himalayan Region (KAFHR) of Nepal experienced historically significant transformations of built environment during last decade. As compounded effect of increased access to transport infrastructures especially road networks, rapid and uncontrolled urbanization, increased number of touristic destinations in the region and surge in internal tourists of Nepal and change in land use priority rooted to increasing disasters such as floods, landslides, droughts and food insecurity. The traditional socio-cultural practices related to built-environment especially housing and land use, that are now being promoted as more environmentally friendly and sustainable practices, are being neglected and replaced by Kathmandu like urban development when Kathmandu itself is considered as one of the wrong examples. This situation has further increased the vulnerability and risk to multiple disasters. However, the recent political change after promulgation of new constitution in 2015 with establishment of powerful local governments has opened 'a window of opportunities' to take both corrective actions and introduce new practices leading to resilient and sustainable settlements.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
Why self driving car using Artificial Intelligence.What make them essential overcome on complexity, localization, security challenges by AI? How algorithm is useful to resolve such challenges?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Keith,
I think AI helps path planning navigation system easier and powers self driving vehicle frameworks such as automatic detecting peoples and traffics.
Ashish
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
There are a number of driving cycles and scenes (acceleration, hill-climbing, etc.) to be considered for vehicle design, including legislative requirements and each OEM's own design standards. Taking all the design trade-offs in terms of the cycles and scenes into consideration would be almost impossible and computationally intractable for example even in the case of design optimization. I am wondering how people manage it. Do they only focus on the cycles and scenes that are important for marketing purposes to determine the vehicle baseline design?
Relevant answer
Answer
It is impossible for the OEMs to take all your mention conditions in consideration for vehicle design but it depends on where and how the vehicles is used. For example, in compact vehicle, the OEM have a cycle contain (30% Urban, 30% Extra Urban, 30 Highway, and 10% Mountain). For small size city vehicles, the Urban % will be increased.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
6 answers
I recently was browsing a popular researcher benchmarking website looking at peer review activity. I saw that some top ranked reviewers had completed over 1000 reviews, just in the last 12 months! This is not to mention papers they have authored and, presumably, sleeping occasionally. I concede that I am not as efficient as some researchers, but that seems like a lot.
If someone were doing a job like driving us around in a taxi, would we celebrate the driver who drives for 23.5 hours a day? Or alternatively, the driver who gets 100 jobs done by driving 100 miles an hour and cutting the corners everywhere they go? Is there a comparison that can be made, or not really?
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
When will we have autonomous vehicles in use at Level 4: High Driving Automation or Level 5: Full Driving Automation?
What are the main problems? What are the road conditions? How will they adjust to different weather conditions? How will they share information with the road or with other vehicles? What technologies, algorithms, and processing detect and prevent the occurrence of accidents?
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Dear All,
The purpose of this simulation is to analyze an attenuation by a flexible element(rubber mount) after driving loading. I'd like to perform a steady state linear dynamic analysis. I'm trying to apply an acceleration load, not force.
The model is consists of the steel structure and the rubber mount without tire. The input point is a bolt position of the bracket connected with tire. I obtained the acceleration data at the points in the driving conditions.
I want to know if I can use an acceleration boundary condition in the steady state linear dynamic analysis step as below.
*STEP
*STEADY STATE DYNAMICS, DIRECT, FREQUENCY SCALE = LINEAR, INTERVAL = RANGE
1.0, 500.0,500,1.0
*BOUNDARY, REAL, TYPE=ACCELERATION, AMPLITUDE=AMP1
PT,1,1,1.0
*BOUNDARY, REAL, TYPE=ACCELERATION, AMPLITUDE=AMP2
PT,2,2,1.0
*BOUNDARY, REAL, TYPE=ACCELERATION, AMPLITUDE=AMP3
PT,3,3,1.0
*END STEP
When I tried the simulation, this result of attenuation data seems to be plausible.
(The result in base motion analysis is a tendency to be not correct.)
Please let me know the right process. Thanks in advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Jj Kim ,
I suggest you to have a look at the following, interesting references:
- Acceleration/G-Loads in Abaqus with Postprocessing - YouTube
In this video, the author demonstrates how to perform an acceleration load analysis in Abaqus with postprocessing.
My best regards, Amir Beketov.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
How are the messages in V2X verified? May somebody share inks or paper so that I can learn more about this?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Jivthesh M.R ,
I suggest you to have a look at the following, interesting references:
- Securing Self-Driving Vehicles with Artificial Intelligence
- Self-Driving Vehicle Verification Towards a Benchmark
- Mobile Authentication in Self-Driving Cars: Present and the Future
- Lyft patents notification system for self-driving cars to communicate with pedestrians
- Hybrid Verification Technique for Decision-Making of Self-Driving Vehicles
My best regards, Amir Beketov.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
greetings,
Can someone tell me where I can find or download the driving cycle for NEDC(New European Driving Cycles)or give me a direct link ?
Best regards
Relevant answer
Answer
I suggest you to have a look at the following, interesting references:
- Dynamometer Drive Schedules
On this page:
  • EPA Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Driving Schedules
  • California EPA Air Resources Board Dynamometer Driving Schedules
  • Economic Commission for Europe Dynamometer Operating Cycles
  • Driving schedules specified in Japanese Technical Standards
  • Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Shift Schedule Formatting Guidance.
- Data. Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 40 – Updated June, 2022
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy
- Serialized New European Drive Cycle
NEDC processed into computer-understandable formats
- Driving Cycle (Simulink Block)
Produces NEDC, Artemis, WLTP Class 3 and selected EPA driving cycles easily
My best regards, Amir Beketov.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
In reverse osmosis desalination, semi-permeable membranes are used. Water molecules cross the membrane while ions (Na+, Cl-...) do not. My question is what is the driving force that drives water molecule through the membrane but not the other ions? is it a matter of charges , size or what exactly?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks madame Motolani Matthew for your interesting and valuable answer
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Hello
I am a PhD student looking to read some recent good papers that can help me identify a research topic in RL for controls applications . I have been reading through quite a few papers/topics discussing model free vs model based RL etc . Not been able to find something , may be I don't understand it yet to the extent :) .
Just for the background : My experience is with Diesel , SI engines , vehicles and controls .
One of the topics/areas that seems interesting to me is learning using RL in uncertain scenarios, this might seem to broad for most of the people .
Another possible area would be RL for connected vehicles, self driving etc .
Any help/suggestion is welcome .
Relevant answer
Answer
combining MARL and safety would be an interesting area
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
I am working on making a ice-cream tricycle into electric. The main idea is to reduce human effort in driving the tricycle especially uphill. I've seen people pushing the tricycle whenever there is need to go up a hill. This will also enable him/her to cover more distance with less effort.
First i want to use a solar system to charge the battery that we will install on the system. The mass of the tricycle being driven will be between 150kgs to 250kgs. This battery in turn will be connected to a motor which will drive the tricycle.
Secondly, if there no sun light i want to use Regenerative braking to charge the battery which will be able to produce more power when driving down hill.
Thirdly, just to add more, if possible there will be pedal assistance to charge the battery.
This system will not completely rely on electric driven system but only when needed.
I need more guidance related to my work.
What type of motor to use? What software will be used to simulate the design of this whole system?
And any more input is welcomed.
Relevant answer
Answer
we are doing a proper project (solution to a problem), it require simulations first to get the idea about the charging and discharging of the battery, running of the motor, etc. We are using MATLAB and Proteus Software for simulation purposes.
plus we also are required to make a display which will show State of Charge of the battery, speed of the tricycle, energy consumption, etc and we need some idea of how to make it.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
Special libraries are driving knowledge management in organizations today. Do we have anything concrete on special libraries and knowledge management? And if so how do we integrate both to prepare learners to comfortably offer services in special libraries after graduation?
Relevant answer
Answer
With everything becoming smart, the future libraries are also expected to become smart. The access to information is now very fast and we have to make this access relevant in due course of time. Libraries must tranform into digital mode and provide information in highly efficient and convenient way.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
On replacing M2+ ion in the NaY zeolite, the driving force is the increase in entropy. If we replace same valency ion with NaY then what will be the driving force?
Relevant answer
Answer
Here
I think the reason for this is the ion exchange process (proton or sodium ion) resulting from the movement of ions in the solution and the resultant difference in the resulting charge across the two ends according to the state of equilibrium generated according to the reaction conditions between the Bronsted formula and the Lewis formula on the alumina or silica parts in the zeolite body (water exchange: The proton and the hydroxyl) and their bonding to reach a state of final physical-chemical equilibrium.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I want to know that what is the difference between sensor data fusion and sensor data stitching. For example, we have two homogeneous sensor of two autonomous driving systems ( lets say it is "camera sensor") . So I want to combine the camera sensor data for better accuracy and better precision. But I am confuse to use the term "Stitching" and "fusion".
Which term is more suitable?
What are the key differences between these two terms in autonomous driving systems domain ?
Relevant answer
Answer
Sensor data fusion is used to take advantage of multiple sensors, generally based on different modality, to accomplish a goal better than any individual sensor would. For example, SLAM algorithm usually rely on sensor data fusion from camera, IMU and sometimes other inputs (lidar, ultrasound, etc.) in order to better localize and model the environment around an vehicle (or UAV, etc.)
The term sensor stitching is more used to extend the spatial range of a single modality with multiple sensor. The best example is using multiple photos with overlapping areas to create a bigger panoramic image.
I hope these two examples help you better understand the distinction between these related concepts.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Hi
I study how gender can moderate the relation between driving self-efficacy and the tendency to get distracted while driving. I found a non significant self-efficacy*gender interaction effect (p=.19). However when I looked at the plot I found this (attached file).
I don't know what to do with this... Can you help?
Relevant answer
Answer
I would look into the role of the covariates - Is the interaction significant when they are removed from the analysis? If the interaction in the "clean" model (i.e., without covariates) is still insignificant, then I would be extremely cautious of its viability. If it is significant, maybe you can check whether your research question necessitates controlling for the covariates you included in your analysis.
Good Luck!
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
I've got a really interesting finding across 3 different face recognition experiments using the 1 in 10 task and wondering if there is a criterion shift that is driving the responses.
All the papers I've come across that have used d'prime and Criterion C have been for simultaneous face matching (same-different) type paradigms using hits/false alarms.
I'm trying to figure out if its possible to look at the sensitivity and bias in a 1 in 10 face memory task, where there are 3 responses for target present array (hit, MissID, miss) and 2 for a target absent array (correct rejection, false positive). Has anyone published anything using the 1 in 10 paradigm, or lineup studies that have more responses for TP lineups? Thanks in advance for anyone who can offer advice.
Relevant answer
Answer
interested
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
I need to transport leaf samples from an experimental site back to my lab, a four hour drive away. I'm aware that freezing with liquid nitrogen or dry ice isn't safe for driving, is there another option which would prevent degradation of the samples until I can get them in a freezer at the lab. I want to do pigment extractions and antioxidant capacity.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Anna Jones ,
I suggest you to have a look at the following, interesting references:
- Instructions for Taking Samples for Plant Analysis
My best regards, Amir Beketov.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
7 answers
I want to study the effect of driving velocity on the generation of excess pore water pressure. Does anyone have relevant information? If there is FLAC3D code, it would be better. Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
This software is very suitable for thermal pile modelling! I strongly agree with you. Your suggestion is highly appreciated.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
11 answers
I am interested to know how to measure driving behaviour during real time driving activity. Based on my literature,currently most of the driving behaviour measurements are subjective measurement i.e questionnaire.
Thank you 
Relevant answer
Answer
From SAE, purchase a copy of and read
SAE Recommended Practice J2365, Operational Definitions of Driving Performance Measures and Statistics, Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I have one independent variable (gender) and five different dependent variables which are the score of five driving tasks. That is, if the driver does not perform any error while performing those tasks then he/she got 0 (no errors). However, when the driver does not manage to perform any of those tasks, 1, 2, or 3 are assigned (not properly performing some tasks means a danguras situation and that's why we assigned 2 to it).
I did use t-test/Mann-Whitney test to compare how each group perform each task.
Now, I would like to compare the scores of those driving taks for each group to know which driving tasks are more difficult than others for each group.
And, I would like to know which group should we focus on for better road safety (a group with fewer dangours errors, I guess).
Any suggestions?
Relevant answer
Answer
You should do a normality test and see if it is normally distributed or not. If it is normally distributed, then you can go ahead with parametric test to compare their mean. But if it is not normally distributed, then you can choose the non-parametric test. Unless or until you haven't mentioned your hypothesis, i cant suggest any test name. If you can state your hypothesis then I can suggest you the best test for your data.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
6 answers
Maximum driving comfort thanks to better vibration decoupling and optimal design of dynamic loads on the wheels; this is what the developers of active suspension systems are looking for. However, the development of active control strategies is a great challenge due to conflicting goals, physical limitations and complexity of modeling.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in this field offers enormous advantages. Smart controllers synthesize complex formulations and performance requirements. The controllers are trained in such a way that they not only learn how to improve driving comfort, but also achieve a high level of driving safety.
Do you have further questions or are you interested in cooperation?
Relevant answer
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I am working on speed estimation of vehicles in front of our vehicle using video processing.
Relevant answer
Answer
SiaSearch provides a list of 15 open datasets here: https://www.siasearch.io/blog/best-open-source-autonomous-driving-datasets
Also check out DIYRoboCars' list of datasets here:
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
One of Nikola Tesla's greatest inventions is the blade-less turbine, referred to as 'Tesla turbine'. In the case that the driving fluid is air, I am interested on how air constituents (principally Nitrogen and Oxygen) are radially segregated between the rotating discs. Any suggestions?
Relevant answer
Answer
I am looking into it.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Does Norway have some national laws limiting the BAC levels considered "legal" or "acceptable" for driving?
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
The paper describes the possibilities of training drivers and students to effective driving modes of the train. Could you suggest the similar Software and Hardware Simulators for combine harvester Drivers Training?
Relevant answer
Answer
Agree with Qamar Ul Islam.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
17 answers
There are many interventions aimed at driving change to improve the outcomes of the core of teaching and learning in the education system.
Many of these are driven by external agents and have great programmatic outcomes, but are not sustained in the system once the initial drivers leave.
Overtime the initiative is forgotten and other ones start.
The question seeks to find ways of developing strategies that will ensure sustainable embedding of such initiatives
Relevant answer
Answer
It must be relevant, contextual and driven by personnel with a true philosophy for the initiative. Agree with Vladimir Rotkin Mohammed Malazada
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
8 answers
I am looking for an expert in SMEs and sustainable innovation who can work as a coauthor and helped me finalise a research project addressing the Factors Driving Sustainable Innovation in SMEs.
Relevant answer
Answer
I can work with you
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
I am working on an autonomous driving domain and my field poses multiple autonomous vehicle collision avoidances. I want to try to solve it using RL. In this case, the following statements regarding the RL method are correct or any thins complicated with the fundamentals of RL. Please explain to me.
"Through Learning Control, control knowledge of a control function can be created through the training by Reinforcement Learning. However, the conventional Reinforcement Learning method does not provide the application of more than one control function within a Learning Control System. Execution of more control functions within a Learning Control System would require the application of multiple learning processes within a control system. Methods concerning the application of learning processes in Learning Control vary depending on the application of the control device and the purpose of the system."
Relevant answer
Answer
The problem under discussion is obstacle avoidance by reinforcement learning. Reinforcement learning works based on the concept of reward based action. So, every time a obstacle is detected, your logic should be such that advancement or activation happens on a particular front which could be treated as the reward. Hope this helps a bit.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
10 answers
With the Trolley Problem being a hot disucssion with lots of phylosophical and technical papers discussed on it. It is eventually very hard to get to a final idea whether to incorporate this problem into AVs driving ethics? do they really create the dilemma ?
in 2017, the German ethics commission for automated and connected driving released 20 ethical guidelines for autonomous vehicles.
and Yet one more question : Why this comission paper, have so few references? does it mean they have cared less about other phylosophers ideas? or they have tried to found some ideas?
There are lots of relevant papers. bring them in this post to discuss it.
Relevant answer
Yes I agree, there are bad humans who drive cars, design algorithms and write code, along with many other things. I assume you are not suggesting that robot makers are a cut above the rest of humanity and can make these determinations and dispense these permissions for the purpose of protecting the rest of us from bad drivers because we all hate (no argument there) bad drivers. How about killer robots and the authors of such protocols; call to:{contingent factors when it is necessary to choose whose death}
Is this an omelette making egg breaking argument because if so I find they tend to end by generalising about the quality of human types and their utility to other human types. Not a good outcome from my reading of history but who knows what the future may bring. Maybe we could build a robot better than human and all mass suicide for being slower dimmer lesser creatures. Who’d argue with that?
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
I am acquiring data from mobile sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, GPS, etc.) while driving a car in order to analyze the driver’s acceleration.
The phone is set in an arbitrary position inside the car, that’s why I need to reorient the accelerometer axis to align with the car axis.
I found an article mentioning a virtual reorientation algorithm for this matter. But I am not getting how they used GPS to calculate the post-rotation and how they monitored the pre-rotation angles:
Is there an application that can automatically do the transformation?
Any advice or even an alternate way of doing this would be greatly appreciated.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Dear All!
It is my first question on Research Gate. Due to my new job, I was enrolled into the totally new field for me, which is the design of the Packed Absorption Column. After some investigations, I was ready to make some basic calculations, although I am not sure of a few values.
1. The equilibrium line is calculated from the Henry’s law – I have used the reversed value of Henry’s constant Hcp in mol/kg*Pa calculated for operation temperature (to achieve Henry's volatility constants - Kcp) and the relative concentration. Should I multiply the values with the ratio of molar masses of gas and absorbent?
2. My scrubber is countercurrent column. For the estimation of the packed hight, it is necessary to calculate number of mass transfer units, where it is necessary to calculate the average driving force. I have used the formula
ΔY=((Y1-Y1*)-(Y2-Y2*))/(ln((Y1-Y1*)/(Y2-Y2*)))
where Y1 is the inlet gas concentration, Y1*- the inlet gas concentration calculated from the Henry’s law, Y2 – outlet gas concentration and Y2* – outlet gas concentration calculated from the Henry’s law. Is my way of thinking correct?
3. Is it possible to calculate the mass transfer coefficient with DWSIM?
Sorry for my trivial questions – it is new task for me and I don’t have to much guidance in it…
Thanks in advance for your replies!
Best regards,
Ewelina
Relevant answer
Answer
Ewelina Nowak, Ad.1 If you use mass ratios, the equilibrium constant is dimensionless (Y=mX). Ad.2 You can use the logarithmic mean, but in special cases it is also possible to use the arithmetic mean. Ad.3 I do not know if DWSIM has a base of criterion equations, but to determine the value of the K coefficient (in Polish "współczynnik przenikania masy" ) you first calculate β1 and β2 "współczynniki wnikania masy" and then K.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I’m trying to get differ perspectives to be able to compare and contrast and get a clearer u
Relevant answer
Answer
Modern approach to management tends to be more focused on complex forecasts, permutations and applications of nascent technology driven tools.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
Dear colleagues!
I am trying to simulate an impact pile driving (with a hydraulic hammer) in Plaxis.
I am going to simulate one impact using half of the harmonic cycle.
Which parameter do I need to use as an amplitude multiplier?
It should be a max weight of a hammer or it should relate to max energy?
Relevant answer
Answer
Can you explain your question in more detail?
The type of impact (including the source, intensity, etc.) and type of your simulation (i.e. 2D or 3D) are required.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
How to simulate several consecutive impacts with a hydraulic hammer during pile driving in Plaxis?
I saw a tutorial, but as I understood there is a simulation only of one impact.
Can I do it in one phase? Or I need to create several phases with impact/fading?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Shaibakova,
I think this paper is useful.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
I need to collect driving data such as speed, battery SOC, GPS location, ambient temperature, elevation for a specific EV ( say Renault Zoe), but I'm not sure what is the best way to do this and what I would need.
Many studies have used OBD-2 loggers. There are other cloud-based technologies like Geotab or Airbiquity. Also, I wonder if there are any mobile apps that can fulfil these requirements.
Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hilal Yılmaz You can try dedicated vehicle tracking products (eg. Teltonika, Ruptela, ATrack, Tkstar, TrackingFox, SkyPatrol, GoSafe, Concox, Dolphin, Meitrack, Tramigo, Quecklink, Galileosky, etc). Check the highlighted options and you'll be able to choose the most closest to your needs. We use Teltonika telematics products in our fleet tracking solution called FLEETware. Details about Teltonika options: https://teltonika-gps.com/products/vehicle-tracking/
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I am working on developing drive cycles of a particular city. I have collected raw driving data and processed the data to design a representative drive cycle. I would like to have a comparative study with my developed cycle and other already developed or in use cycles. By literature review, I have understood that Speed Acceleration Frequency Distribution (SAFD) or Speed Acceleration Probability Distribution (SAPD) plots are a widely used way of visualizing the cycles. I am not quite sure how to develop that. I can develop a 2d histogram of the data which works for visual inspection to some extent, but I am unable to calculate a numeric value of SAFD or SAPD which can give me stats like relative error. Need help.
Relevant answer
Answer
Try ggplot2 in R under these conditions. Google it. There are many references good luck, David Booth
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
6 answers
Nowadays the driving force(e- transition) of chemical reaction by enzymes are discovered in many cases. I thought by calculating the most appropriate e- transition route created by a certain structure comprised of aa sequence we can create artificial enzymes relatively easy. Is it technically possible and is there anyone using this method?(although I know that the underlying laws which connect aa sequence and protein structure are complicated and hard to utilize)
Relevant answer
Answer
A very interesting question Tomohide R. Sato
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
it means the oil pump to be sometimes able to turn off during the driving cycle, and if it is possible, how efficient would it be? (more particularly in heavy vehicles like a bus).
Relevant answer
Answer
It depends upon the size of the accumulator, and the flowrate required. If you calculate the flowrate required for the PAS pump you could work out the accumulator volume required. See link below for typical (but a little old) energy consumption info.
However, many modern vehicles are moving to electric PAS systems, so the traditional hydraulic system may not be required in future.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
My study consists simple corrosion inhibitors in salty brine. Right now I just fit my circuit with randles with CPE. Just wondering how the slop can given more info of the experiment. Or any suggested book would be appreciated.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Huayuan Jiang ,
I suggest you to have a look at the followiing, interesting technical-note:
-Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy by Gamry Instruments
...if you prefer a more in-depth consultation, if you send me your private email via RG message, I can send you the book:
- ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS Fundamentals and Applications
Allen J. Bard Larry R. Faulkner - Second Edition (2001).
My best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
1 answer
Hi,
I am studying the links between ADHD sub-dimensions and the different types of risky driving.
What are the best ADHD diagnostic methods, given that my goal is to associate between risky driving and sub-impairments/sub-dimensions of ADHD?
I hope to use each of the common diagnostic platforms (questionnaires, computerized performance tests, and interviews).
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi,
Adult ADHD rating scale is available in open access.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
6 answers
hi, now I am researching about these things, this is my first time to ask question at this site. I need various opinions who is expert about this topic. Please help me !!
How do you think the social environment will change in the near future when full-autonomous driving becomes the norm?
1. Future trends in the automobile market
2. Trends in technology announcements including automobiles
3.Changes in the living environment of general consumers
*English, Chinese OK:)
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi - in terms of the changes in the living environment i think the opening of access to convenient and perhaps personal means’ of transport for people with disabilities will be hugely significant in the introduction of CAVs. Also, given the move to electric vehicles, which most CAVs are likely to be, the benefits to clean air initiatives will also be important in peoples lives and their exposure to toxins in highly traffic-dense areas.
Hope this helps and very best wishes, James.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
7 answers
Dear researchers,
if you are looking for a research topic in reinforcement learning, I have something new for you.
We have just launched our new open source reinforcement learning environment. Here you can find it: https://github.com/dynamik1703/gym_longicontrol
Our new environment is in the field of autonomous driving. It offers the possibility to test and further develop algorithms for the efficient longitudinal control.
The longitudinal control problem has various challenges. One example is the trade-off between conflicting goals of travel time minimization and energy consumption. They contradict each other because a fast driving vehicle leads to high-energy consumption and vice versa.
Through the proposed RL environment, which is adapted to the OpenAi Gym standardization, we show that it is easy to prototype and implement state-of-art RL algorithms. Besides, the LongiControl environment is suitable for various examinations. In addition to the comparison of RL algorithms and the evaluation of safety algorithms, investigations in the area of Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning are also possible. Further possible research objectives are the comparison with planning algorithms for known routes, investigation of the influence of model uncertainties and the consideration of very long-term objectives like arriving at a specific time.
LongiControl is designed to enable the community to leverage the latest strategies of reinforcement learning to address a real-world and high-impact problem in the field of autonomous driving.
Have fun trying it out! If you have any questions, feel free to write.
Relevant answer
Answer
Here our research on Explainable Reinforcement Learning. It is based on our open source environment:
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Initially the motor coupled to load with flexible coupling drive shows oscillations in shaft speed at both sides of the coupling . The flywheel at the non driving end of the motor is installed and the vibrations at the motor shaft side are considerably reduced in magnitude. So we are observing what would be the behavior of vibrations at the load side under this condition
Relevant answer
Answer
The vibration might come from the load. As far as the load is not specified, I can't say for sure, what is the source of the vibration. In case of load-caused vibration, of course, an extra flywheel will dump the vibration, and the exact placement of the flywheel (drive-end, non-drive end, load shaft) is not so important from my point of view.
If we assume that the load is some simple and smooth-operating device then I would suggest that some mechanical resonance might occur. In that case, the flywheel can dump the oscillation physically, and also might change the natural frequency of the whole assembly and thus change the resonance frequency away from your operating frequency.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I am doing driving style analysis research with OBD data. Could anyone provide me links to get the dataset?I am not able to get it anywhere..
Relevant answer
Answer
please see the link below it may be helpful
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
Hi to all the experts,
I will be very thankful of your comments. I want to hear whether HEC-HMS helps to incorporate meteorological data like temperatures and sun radiations all along with hydrological model. Basically I am planning to carry out small research on impact of climate change to a basin with the various driving atmospheric parameters. If it does not incorporate temperature vairability aspect then how the hydrological variations with respect to changes in temperature would be done upon using HEC-HMS for hydrological modelling. For now I also have opportunity to learn SWAT but I prefer using HEC-HMS as I am little familiar with its application.
Relevant answer
Answer
HEC-HMS is suitable for your purpose.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
Dear Sir/Madam
I want to use Sine voltage as a source in an RLC circuit. I want to study the driving point impedance with frequency sweep. But when I use sine voltage, I get an error like The DAE is structurally inconsistent.
The simulation works fine with DC and AC voltage, and in both cases, the plots are exactly same.
How to resolve this problem.
Relevant answer
This is an expected behavior of the solver. When apply sinewave or any other waveform means that you would like to make dynamic analysis which contains a transient solution and a steady sate solution.
The AC analysis is steady sate analysis of harmonic input in frequency domain
In this case one is interested in three parameters, the amplitude, the frequency and the phase while the waveform is assumed to be sinusoidal.
In AC case one works with impedance concept. In sinewave input one works with differential equations.
Best wishes
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
A monocular camera is to be calibrated, which is located in the area of the vehicle and looks in front of the direction of travel. During the calibration, the extrinsic parameters (position and rotation between the camera coordinate system and the origin of the vehicle coordinate system: Center of the rear axle of the vehicle) should be calculated. The camera parameters are calculated online, i.e. while the camera is taking pictures. The algorithm should automatically calculate the extrinsic parameters from driving scene images while driving.
I am looking forward to your feedback !
Relevant answer
Answer
you can take a video stream on a straight line and then use motion vectors
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
8 answers
Many of us have already taken part in a heated debate on whether autonomous driving will  be pervasive in the near future. Putting legal and other dimensions aside, I was (and still am) skeptical about the technical plausibility of autonomous driving. Because driving in reality is a more complicated endeavor than a historical extract of traffic situations on which autonomous driving is based. The question is not about whether autonomous driving works or not, it is about the complex (mixed human/machine) environment in which it operates -- that is made worse by unpredictable human behavior. If autonomous driving car would be deployed in an environment where no human actor is involved, it could perform its task perfectly. But in a mixed environment, I don't think it will be the case and direct conversion be a feasible.
What do you think are the major challenges that hinder autonomous driving from taking off?
Relevant answer
Answer
One might be what to do in the critical sudden situations or incidents
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Hi everyone
Where can I find free electric vehicles driving cycle datasets to download like Dynamic Stress Test(DST), Federal Urban Driving Schedule(FUDS), New European Driving Cycle(NEDC) etc. ?
Looking forward for a positive and helpful response.
Thanks and Regards
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks Laurent Berry , I will check those out.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
Can anyone answer this question? Will the answer be Legislators?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Bhaswan!
An interesting question, but as practice shows, pharmaceutical companies are not interested in pharmacogenomic research of their own drugs, since this can lead to a limitation of the market for their drugs and a decrease in revenue (except for narrow areas where knowledge of genetic characteristics is necessary at the stage of choosing a specific drug, for example, targeted therapy in oncology).
Kind regards,
Michael
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
Is utility the most important driving force of human behaviour?
Relevant answer
Answer
It is not only that. Among with, the different measurement should be conducted to identify various aspects of every things. There is a lot of lacks and limitations within this ones.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
14 answers
Dear Research Community,
How do you define terms 'Cooperation', or 'Cooperative situation' in your research domain?
I am a human factors researcher, currently focused on cooperative driving behaviour. I have seen following definition being used a lot in the literature.
A cooperative situation is described by Hoc (2001) as a situation in which each of at least two agents “ (1) strives towards goals and can interfere with the other one’s goals, resources, procedures, etc. (2) Each one tries to manage the interference to facilitate the individual activities and/or the common task when it exists.
The above definition by Hoc, is in terms of human–machine cooperation in dynamic situations.
However, I am more interested into human-human cooperation in dynamic situations.
I would be very thankful if someone share his/her views on this topic, especially from human factors and social psychology perspective.
Looking forward to a constructive discussion.
Regards,
Sarang
Relevant answer
Answer
Co-operative versus Competitive.
A competitive situation arises when 2 (or more) interests are vying to increase their portion of a fixed pie. In these cases, any one's gain is another's loss. The so-called WIN-LOSE situation.
Co-operative situations arise when the 2 (or more) interests can find ways to increase the pie by working together - which automatically increases the size of every slice. The human factor intervention will consist in making this possibility visible and assisting all the interests to work together towards the goal of growing the pie. The pie, by the way, does not only have to be profit, but usually consists of a mix of tangible and non-tangible gains. Non-tangible gains would include things like company image, employment brand, leadership brand, or some other kind of common good.
In essence then, the human factor intervention is to make the common good visible and to help all involved to develop co-operative actions to grow/increase that common good. This creates WIN-WIN situations.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
For back-analysis of an entire pile driving database, I am looking to automate GRLWEAP calculations. It would be helpful if the method is python based.
Relevant answer
Answer
1-Pile Design Using Wave Equation Analysis Program Application in Offshore Wind Farm by Siddharth Chauhan
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
20 answers
Do you think that artificial intelligence will be implemented in the control systems of driving and orientation in the field in autonomous cars?
What are the effects of artificial intelligence implemented in the field of driving control systems and orientation in the field of autonomous cars?
Will autonomous cars be safe?
Will autonomous cars be mostly electric cars at the same time?
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
Best wishes
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for your response. I agree with you. You added some very interesting information to our discussion. I also believe that the importance of artificial intelligence is growing in the implementation of this technology in various applications, in various fields, branches and sectors of the economy and in the improvement of research works. Thank you very much for proposing an article on this important issue artificial intelligence.
Greetings, Have a nice day,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
10 answers
what can i possibly use to produce the PWM signals?
Relevant answer
Answer
it depends on which one is more important: low supply power / low cost or high speed and low switching losses.
The gate signal is usually controlled by the output of a logic circuit like a microcontroller, maximum voltage 3.3 V or 5 V, maximum output current 20 mA at best. The gate has a capacitance toward the source as well as the drain.
First method: Use the logic signal directly as gate signal. Prerequisite: The MOSFET / IGBT is reliably switched by the logic voltage. Advantage: No additional components needed. Disadvantage: If, for example, the charging / discharging of the gate moves 10 nC then the switching time at 20 mA is about 500 ns. This might cause to much loss in the MOSFET, especially when switching inductive loads.
Second method: Using a push-pull stage made from a pair of small signal BJTs as current amplifier (collector npn -> +5 V, collector pnp -> GND, both bases together <- logic signal, both emitter together -> gate). Prerequisite: The MOSFET is reliably switched by the logic low voltage + 0.7 V resp. by the logic high voltage - 0.7 V. Advantage: Currents of 1 A possible => fast switching, simple supplement. Disadvantage: Small gate voltage range.
Third method: Using an integrated gate driver, e. g. MCP14E-9 / 10 / 11. Advantage: Gate voltage up to 15 V or so => reliable switching, 3 A peak current => very fast switching => low losses during switching.
Forth method: If the turn off speed is extremely critical, switching between a positive and a negative gate voltage might be a good solution. Presently, I don't remember any integrated circuits for this purpose but it can be done using very fast discrete transistors.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
Hi friends, can anyone please give some insight into the testing of the system with battery-inverter-PMSM for the different driving cycles such as NEDC. Where we will get the driving cycle details? How we can analyze it? Please give your valuable suggestions
Relevant answer
Answer
Zhecheng Jing , Hello sir, can you give more details on the advisor, its the first time I'm hearing about it. Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR)
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
4 answers
It has been established that the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation of zirconia can be used to improve the toughness. The driving force for this transformation is the temperature gradient, which results in a change in the crystal structure of zirconia from tetragonal to monoclinic.
But, at room temperature Metastable inclusions of tetragonal Zirconia dispersed in a ceramic matrix will transform to the thermodynamically stable monoclinic form on the application of an external tensile stress, what is the driving force for such transformation to occur?
Relevant answer
Answer
Ahmed:
Fred Lange's article is a good one to read on this point, although a better one in my opinion is Tony Evans' and Bob McMeeking's J. Am. Ceram. Soc. article (vol. 65, 1982, 242) on "Mechanics of transformation toughening in brittle materials".
In simple terms though, in ceramic materials such zirconia toughened alumina and partially stabilized zirconia, the composition is adjusted so that the zirconia phase is in its cubic and tetragonal form at ambient temperatures. Cubic zirconia doesn't play any role, but under these conditions the tetragonal phase is partially stable. If the temperature was lowered below Ms, the martensite start temperature, this tetragonal phase would athermally transform, via a martensitic (sometimes called a "military") transformation to the lower energy monoclinic phase - but this has little to no effect on the toughness of the ceramic. However, as the tetragonal zirconia is only partially stable, it can be induced to transform at temperatures above Ms, by stress to the lower energy monoclinic phase. Since this is promoted around any crack tip (where the local stresses are much higher) a transformation zone is formed around any advancing crack. However, the transformation is accompanied by a several percent increase in volume; accordingly, due to the dilation associated with the transformation, this zone will be in compression due to constraint from the surrounding ceramic matrix further from the crack, which has been subjected to correspondingly lower stresses and therefore has not transformed (an "Eshelby transformation"). The crack thus has to grow into a zone of compression and the resulting crack-tip shielding leads to marked rising R-curve behavior and transformation toughening (incidentally, there is also a contribution from the shear associated with the transformation).
The transformation toughening effect though is only pertinent at temperatures where the tetragonal zirconia phase is partially stable. At higher temperatures, above the so-called Md temperature, the transformation is thermodynamically unfavorable and so the tetragonal zirconia cannot transform. At lower temperatures below Ms, as noted above, all the tetragonal zirconia spontaneously transforms and so there cannot be any constraint by untransformed zirconia on the transformation zone surrounding the crack wake.
Thus, transformation toughening in these zirconia-containing ceramics is only realized at temperatures where Ms < T < Md.
ROR
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
9 answers
hello,
Can anyone please provide a table with the data (speed, distance, power and time) for driving cycles NEDC and WLTP? Or at least point me to where I can download those tables?
I only find graphs for these cycles, but no tabulated data...
Relevant answer
Answer
You can find data points for WLTP drive cycle on the following link:
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I have a question about the local pollution impact of automated cars.
The possible energy impacts are well understood, I think, even if the net effects are very uncertain: automated cars could lead to smoother driving profiles & platooning (good) but
also to a lot of induced traffic and modal shift away from other modes (bad).
But what about pollutants? How are changing driving patterns expected to affect the emission factors HC, PM and NOx (assuming that automated cars will not all be BEV in the long run)? Even in recent literature reviews (Milakis et al 2017), I find few references to papers that address directly this issue. Any new insights since then?
Dimitris Milakis, Bart van Arem & Bert van Wee (2017): Policy and society
related implications of automated driving: a review of literature and directions for future research, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, DOI: 10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351
Relevant answer
If self-driving reaches car-as-a-service companies (uber is working on it), you might the strange scenario of see empty cars running around, burning fuel while picking up customers. While this is probably a slight emissions reduction (80-90 kg less weight), it will certainly look odd and unecological to people watching it.
Anyway, there aren't many studies because self-driving is still in its infancy and we lack field data. There may be a reducion overall, but I don't believe it will be significant. Those 2-4% mentioned by Zeashan look about right.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
8 answers
I have a project consisting of a solar water pumping system. It is composed of a PV system, an inverter, a capacitor, an asynchronous/induction machine that is driving the pump. In order for the system to work, the capacitor will act as an intermediate storage between the PV and the induction machine. In order to adapt the power given by the PV to the pump(to adapt the flow of water), and not overload or underload the pump, I need to stabilize the voltage across the capacitor.
I could not find any resource on the internet until now, I need a reference on the subject.
Thank you for your help in advance
Relevant answer
Answer
yes you can send me the equations. But there is no mystery; the boost converter will increase the output voltage "indefinitely", or until something breaks, if you do not put any feedback in the system. For you, there are two ways to add the feedback. The simplest is to add a comparator that compares voltage on the capacitor with a preset value and stops converter operation when the voltage is reached. When the boost converter is stopped, the voltage will drop because of the consumption in the motor, and when voltage drops below certain value (a small hysteresis is needed), the converter starts again. the voltage on the capacitor will be regulated within this hysteresis window. In more complex systems, the boost converter operation will be regulated to keep the voltage within 1-2% of the nominal, not by stopping the converter but by adjusting the timing of the mosfet gate drive. so, add to your diagram the pulse generator driving the gate, the voltage divider that brings voltage on the capacitor down to few volts, and the comparator that enables/disables the gate drive.
in even more complex system, the voltage feedback will be derived not from the capacitor, but from motor speed sensor.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
3 answers
I am investigating the influence of PTSD on the road traffic behaviour: as well as micro-reactions of drivers as well as instabilities of the traffic flow. I am working on the question: How to integrate a new driving function (L2 or L3) into a specific driving culture, which also has its traumatizations. So I need to be sure, that this new driving function isn´t triggering any trauma reactions, that could cause disturbances into the traffic flow.
I am inspired by your idea of a truck co-driver, as it could help to coregulate a trauma reaction.
Relevant answer
Answer
This is an interesting question. I think, if driver's facial micro expressions while driving is tracked using facial recognition software, parallel video monitoring of traffic, along with driver's background (in regards to PTSD, like previous encounters, accidents, etc), vehicle condition, health, weather, could be incorporated into an model. Then it can give you the revelation you are looking for. I am just placing it in a simple manner, however, this entire process involves lot of experiments, tweaking and patience.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
I just got data back from the sequencing center and I am unsure if I should be concerned that duplicates of the same sample have very different read counts. To explain, I asked the sequencing center to include duplicates of 3 of my samples (of 250 total) in the libraries to use as quality control. My average read count is 470k with a standard deviation of about 50k. However, the duplicated samples differ by 10k to 270k from themselves. Should I be concerned at this variation? And what might be driving the difference?
Relevant answer
Answer
The duplication in your case is the replication of the sample this means technically replication are independent samples in terms of sequencing with different barcodes and pooled together among other samples. So there are many factors which can affect the number of reads in final output data. I don't think concentration is the primary factor since the libraries are generally pooled in normalized concentrations and I don't think a sequencing facility/company would do mistake in this step. The other reasons which are technical reasons a not in our control are the cluster generation, sequencing, cluster determination and demultiplexing etc.
Think it in this way, all the samples were sequenced on the same platform, with the same number of sequencing cycles, still, the number of reads in the final output is not the same.
And if you should be concerned? This is you to decide if you do not see what you expect in those duplicate samples and if they show different trends. I would recommend you to see the trend and relative abundances of the final processed data instead of thining about the size of the raw data.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
2 answers
The variable volume pipettes in my lab are driving me nuts!
We have a regulatory obligation to calibrate them quarterly and the cost is getting excessive.
So, I am shopping for a 10 ml FIXED volume pipette with disposable plastic tips.
They are manufactured by Guangzhou MeCan Medical Limited. Anyone know where I can buy them in the United States?
Thank you
kevin
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you
kevin
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
I want to measure fatigue/sleepiness while driving with a wearable that provides a fatigue/sleepiness score to the drivers in real-time. Therefore, I cannot use devices that collect data that researchers analyse after the trials. Any recommendations?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you very much Imrose B. Muhit The problem with all these devices is that they do not give a real-time fatigue score. Obviously, lots to be done in this area.
  • asked a question related to Driving
Question
5 answers
Sleep is known for its immuno-modulatory and immune strengthening effects. Different sleep stage specific deprivations studies across animal kingdom are found correlated with many patho-physiological, immune-weakening and health detrimental issues. Is the lack of sleep with modern stress and socio-economical changes are driving the immuno-deficiency in humans to combat virus challenges?
Relevant answer
Answer
Proper sleep is must for healthy immune system which may help avoid the risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.