Disease Control - Science topic

Under National Animal Disease Control Program , India we are vaccinating only 4-8 months old female calves. My question is why this narrow range ?

Peracetic acid (also known as peroxyacetic acid, or PAA) is registered antimicrobial in USA (1985) and European Union (2013). It was used for post-harvest plant treatment (Abd-Alla MA, Abd-El-Kader MM, Abd-El-Kareem F, El-Mohamedy RS. Evaluation of lemongrass, thyme and peracetic acid against gray mold of strawberry fruits. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 2011;7(6):1775-87.)

It is recommended for plant treatment (0.15% solution) against a wide range of pathogens. But, is there any confirmed trials of antiviral, antibacterial or fungicidal properties in field or greenhouse application of PAA?

Disclaimer: I am not a microbiologist by profession or training and this is a curious/knowledge question

I have read some old articles that suggest the inoculum concentration to be 10^5 according to EUCAST.

I have also read some review articles suggesting 10^8 (0.5McFarland standard)- citing CLSI.

I am not able to download CLSI guidelines, can anyone help me get a copy to read about broth dilution and initial cell density actually prescribed?

Please let me know if these standards have changed? What cell concentration do researchers commonly use to read MIC (in North America or elsewhere)

A researchable topics and research ideas in Epidemiology suitable for Doctorate degree Thesis

Spray-induced gene silencing, SIGS, is tested for plant diseases control. Is there any results on dsRNA formulation trials that showed long life for dsRNA in a product and an efficient transport into plants/pathogens/pests?

Could effective animal, human and plant microbiome management mitigate pathogens survival and disease control?

As yet, no one has found the animal that gave people Covid-19. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) points out that at this time, there is no evidence that animals play a significant role in spreading SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, to people.

SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented in its combined characteristics: its long period of asymptomatic infection, high transmissibility, significant lethality in high-risk populations, being well-adapted to human cells since its emergence, and having the ability to hijack human innate immunity and bind with high affinity to the human ACE2 receptor.

The reason why we should try hard to figure out the origin of Covid-19 is to inform our efforts to prevent another pandemic like this from happening again. This one was an unfortunate and terrible accident. We should badly want to avoid a second occurrence. We can be blamed for allowing a second one like it if we do not work together soon to find the origin. Right now it appears likely it came directly or indirectly from bats. But specifics would better help us to avoid a second pandemic disaster. Furthermore time is not our friend in finding the origin and sooner is better before information is lost. We need all countries to support a real epidemiological investigation by an unbiased team of scientists given access and authority to take the investigation where ever it leads – possibly to patient zero or to the CoV-2 animal source.

In my recent study I found that all program codes, models and estimates of deposition of “air pollution” in the lungs used by WHO (the World Health Organization) and all national centers for health protection and disease control have a critical error in their calculations and estimations - the risk is underestimated dozens of times, for winter/cold and humid weather conditions.

For instance:

3% - THIS is the risk of deposition of smoke particles (300nm) in the airways - according to standard classical estimates//

90-96% - THIS is the risk, which can actually be if a person is in cold or wet environments.

Ishmatov A. Influence of weather and seasonal variations in temperature and humidity on supersaturation and enhanced deposition of submicron aerosols in the human respiratory tract, Atmospheric Environment, V. 223, 2020, 117226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117226.

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta has issued a warning saying that not just obese but a few extra kilos up the risk of severe Covid. In other words those with moderately excess weight may be at higher risk of severe Covid -19.However the physical activity is seen as a better intervention to reduce the risk of infection.

Inviting participation and discussions to enlighten our knowledge.

How organic method of disease control can be adopted in case of cereal crops ,This disease is seen in wide range in all farmers field they are using several insecticides unnecessarily which may effect their health and cause environmental hazard too.

Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have announced food safety alert regarding the outbreak of Salmonella Newport infections linked to onions in various states in America.

Can anyone suggest the best micro-nutrient to be supplemented for a patient with Ebola?

I've read one article about the Corona Virus Disease, that you can find in this link below

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.20023028v2

They've used DL method to " to extract COVID-19's graphical features and provide a clinical diagnosis ahead of the pathogenic test, thus saving critical time for disease control ".

Therefore, I found that it's interesting to get involved in such a study and try to get a solution for this disease.

Now, I'm looking forward to working with a group of researchers to discover this topic.

IF anyone is interested, please let me know so we can start right away!

i have 5 treatments to evaluate on a coffee farm. i cannot set up the same experiment on a different location and the treatments cannot be applied on the same plots. (Cover crop, bio char,shade tree,zero pest and disease and control). For each treatment i will set up a rcbd. how do i go about the data analysis since each block will have a different treatment. my blocking factor shall be wind intensity for each treatment. I will have 3 replicates/blocks in each rcbd.

Hello everyone. I have some questions about the variant calling procedure in a whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) study, hope anyone in this field can answer my questions.

In a case-control study of certain disease, the genome/exome of a number of individuals with the disease (cases) and a number of individuals without the disease (controls) were sequenced. Then, the sequences were aligned in order to identify the SNV or INDEL from the genome/exome, and this is the process of "variant calling" and a variant calling file (.vcf) will be generated.

My questions are:

i) is there any odd ratio or confidence interval required during variant calling?

ii) is all the variants called in the variant calling are from cases but not control individuals?

iii) if the variants can be from either cases or controls, is there any info in the .vcf file to indicate whether the variant is from case or control individual?

I have my second and third question is because I want to study the patient sequencing data for certain disease. If the variant is from the cases sequences, then I can further analyze the potential biological effects of the variant to the disease onset. In another way, if the variant is from controls sequences, then I cannot infer whether the variant affects disease risk (since the controls are healthy individuals). I tried to get the answers from study design paper and other related papers, but nothing much info I can get from there.

Hope I have made the questions clear. Wait for anyone to answer me. Thanks in advance.

The Peritrophic membranes plays role in several functions, including improvement of digestion, protection against mechanical and chemical damage and serving as a barrier to infection by pathogens.

Can you help me to understand the economics of National Animal Disease (FMD, PPR, Brucellosis) Control Programs of India which failed to control diseases even in premiere veterinary science and animal science institutions? http://azad-azadindia.blogspot.com/2018/02/blog-post.html & https://www.slideshare.net/singh_br1762/ongoing-disease-control-programmes-in-india

What is the motive behind such programs?

To benefit the corporate houses producing the substandard or useless vaccine?

To maintain the diseases forever in India?

Or--------

भारत में ऐसे पशु रोग (FMD, PPR, Brucellosis) नियंत्रण कार्यक्रम चलाने का क्या उद्देश्य हो सकता है जिनसे पशु चिकित्सा और पशु पालन के महान संस्थानों में ही रोग अनियंत्रित हो जा रहे हों?

क्या घटिया वैक्सीन बनाने वालों के लिए?

क्या भारत को बीमारू बनाये रखने के लिए?

क्या पशुपालकों में ये आस्था बनाये रखने के लिए कि बिमारी तो प्रभु की इच्छा है?

या कुछ और----

Hi,

We are planning for a age and gender matched case (heart disease)-control study. I would like to know what all the parameters needs to be considered for sample size calculation. If there are any online tutorials and calculators available kindly provide me the links

thank you.

I need for automated pattern discovery and data mining in communicative diseases control . Code run it in matlab.

Many species have tested positive for the Ebola virus, including orangutan, lowland gorillas, bats, etc. However no species seems to harbor it continuously, making primary prevention with public health initiatives less effective.

I know several diseases have one and only one vector.

Other diseases include several vectors in a series (...maybe mice<-->cats-->humans). And I know a single organism (flea) can carry several diseases (although..I am not completely sure if it is a specific genus or not).

But I do not know if ...let's say a virus X can be transmitted by flies and cockroaches (not in a series but in parallel) to a human. (my guess is that it should be harder for a micro-organism to infect two or more hosts ...rather than just one...right? Although there's the advantage of having more chances of survival just by including more hosts.)

The most of the horticultural crops are being raised on the raised beds due to many advantages like soil moisture movement, drainage, micro-irrigation and fertigation schedules, weed control, disease control etc. What should be the desigh parameters of the raise beds/bedding systems, does it vary with soil types and their properties ? What is the effect of climate features on raised bed plantation method ? 

I'm just totally amazed. I mean, I have found information about this parasite from reading research papers. But the CDC just doesn't have any internet accessible content about it ... just blows my mind! 

Is it because there are not a lot of cases of human infection with this parasite to make it onto the books? Or perhaps most of these parasites are not zoonotic to humans? (I'm not sure at this point.) 

Also if you know anything about this genus then please tell me anything interesting. Of the nematode parasites belonging to this genus it appears that the most common one is Pterygodermatites peromysci. It appears to be host specific, infects the intestine primarily. Field tests indicated that the adult worms are approximately 18 - 38mm long, and they lay a lot of eggs (~ 237,000 eggs)! which is pretty large considering that the body average body lengths of the mice (Peromyscus leucopus) they tested were ~ 90 mm.

So if the CDC doesn't have any information about this parasite, then does any health organization? 

Dear Friends, try to understand?

Data of FMD outbreaks in India Processed by National Institute Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics in attached photo is self-explanatory to reveal the efficacy of FMD CP, either increase or no change in the status of disease in FMD CP areas are the characteristics. After every year of increased occurrence of a disease, next year outbreaks are low due to immunity offered by the disease that is why outbreaks were less in 2015 and in 2016, you can witness the FMD outbreak rampant in all parts of Northern India.

I read from the website of "Centers for disease control and prevention" (CDC - http://www.cdc.gov/zika/disease-qa.html) : “The arrival of Zika in the Americas demonstrates the risks posed by this and other exotic viruses. CDC’s health security plans are designed to effectively monitor for disease, equip diagnostic laboratories, and support mosquito control programs both in the United States and around the world.” 

Do you think that “exotic viruses” is a scientific terminology and is “exotic viruses” a scientific reflection for an important cause of human diseases?

The documentation made it sound like they pre-selected the sample via "raking" so we won't have to do this, but I wanted to make sure.

Legal and ethical considerations in implementing infectious diseases control/elimination programs in low literacy populations in weak health systems?

what to do to avoid getting in trouble with people's privacy,liberty and freedom.

Regional and International Approaches

on Prevention and Control of Animal

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

I am looking for people who are in, or have recently returned from, the areas of West Africa affected by the current Ebola outbreak, as I would like to interview them regarding their health information requirements and the communications they received/looked for during the experience. If you'd be willing to be interviewed, please let me know.

Inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is needed for using as a reference material/controls for RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR.  Does anyone happen to know if inactivated NDV commercially available?  Thank you!

House hold contacts exposed to TB index cases in high TB endemic regions are at high risk for development of TB infection.  TNF is a key cytokine, concentration which around the granuloma determines latency and reactivation. Is TNF a marker of disease progression. Can TNF therapy be used to sustain latency? 

I'm currently working on a project examining the interactions between badgers and cattle and how this might impact on transmission of tuberculosis. In light of the controversy surrounding the culling programme in the UK (and the less publicised version in Ireland), what do people think about the efficacy or ethics of such 'wildlife management' initiatives (on this species or others). The debate is quite polarised, with politicians/farmers on one side and conservationists on the other. I am interested in seeking the viewpoints of scientists from diverse but relevant fields.

I wish to know if anyone has experience with the use of FTA cards for the collection, safe transport, and preservation of rabies samples.

 Malaria is a difficult disease to control largely due to the highly adaptable nature of the vector and parasites involved. While effective tools have been and will continue to be developed to combat malaria,I want know how can  genetic engineering help to reduce the incidence of malaria in Africa .

Rodents are reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases to human and their infested fleas,mites,ticks and lice act as vehicles transmitters of infections to man.What is best apply ant-ratting or insecticide first?

I need to understand the roles they play during schistosomiasis.

I found a few examples of bacterial plant disease forecasting including fire blight of fruit trees, bean bacterial diseases, onion xanthomonas. Is there any other bacterial disease control programs based on prediction of pathogen development?

Prediction of dengue outbreak on the basis of health insurance data.