Discourse Markers - Science topic

This study aims to analyze the significance of Fairclough's (2001) CDA theory on the 2nd update of President Akuffo Addo on the measures taken to combat the spread of the coronavirus. The study employed a qualitative approach and a textual analysis design. The study found that the President employed various linguistic items in his speech, such as d...

This chapter analyzes the Italian discourse marker magari and its translation into Spanish. We begin by presenting its definition in both Italian and bilingual lexicography, followed by an examination of its syntactic behaviour to highlight its functional and semantic complexity. Next, through the analysis of a corpus of Italian-to-Spanish translat...

Resumen: Este estudio examina la escritura de los tratados de Derecho Internacional Público, una de las principales fuentes del Derecho internacional, con el propósito de asegurar su interpretación adecuada y coherente. Dicho objetivo depende del uso correcto, claro y preciso del lenguaje jurídico. El artículo se fundamenta en la concepción lingüís...

Purpose. This paper examines the pragmatic functions of the discourse marker aywa in Jordanian Arabic (JA) and its role in facilitating social and conversational dynamics among Jordanian speakers. Methods. Data were gathered through observational analysis of authentic conversational exchanges in JA. Conversations were analyzed to identify the vario...

The current study investigates for how long readers maintain expectations about an upcoming discourse relation. We use the pair of discourse markers On the one hand (OT1H) and On the other hand (OTOH) to test the facilitative effect of OT1H on the processing of OTOH and the sensitivity of this effect to the presence of intervening material. Results...

There is intense interest in investigating how inference time compute (ITC) (e.g. repeated sampling, refinements, etc) can improve large language model (LLM) capabilities. At the same time, recent breakthroughs in reasoning models, such as Deepseek-R1, unlock the opportunity for reinforcement learning to improve LLM reasoning skills. An in-depth un...

Given that the United Kingdom (the UK) is seen as a world leader in addressing, mitigating, and prioritising the issue of climate change (Albanese et al., 2025), climate change appears to be a frequent theme in British political discourse. In particular, all major political actors on the UK, inclusive of the Conservative and Labour Parties, have th...

Currently, discourse markers are the object of numerous linguistic studies, in which they are studied from the perspective of various scientific theories and approaches both in foreign studies and in the works of Russian scientists. This article is devoted to the analysis and synthesis of individual approaches to the study of discourse markers that...

These past few years have marked a growing interest in multimodality, interaction and eye-gaze in the interpretation and understanding of discourse. Eye-gaze, for example, plays a central role in face-to-face interaction and stance taking because it helps discourse participants coordinate with each other. Such visual markers help the interlocutors/...

This paper identifies just so you know and it just so happens as emerging discourse markers in American English, based on data from the Corpus of Historical American English and the Corpus of Contemporary American English . Both discourse markers started to appear around the middle of the 20th century but differ in their discourse functions and dev...

This study investigates the discourse strategies and appraisal resources employed by Ghanaian state and private newspapers to subtly endorse their preferred political candidates, thereby circumventing formal prohibitions on political campaigning. Utilizing a Functional Discourse of Campaign framework, complemented by the Attitude system within Appr...

Citation practices are crucial in academic discourse for both knowledge construction and interpersonal interaction. While prior research in academic English has explored citation practices among expert and novice authors, there is a notable gap in studies focusing on Chinese academic papers. Moreover, it remains uncertain whether insights from Engl...

This study examines the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation in the use of French connectors alors/donc/fait que ‘so’ by two groups of advanced French-as-a-second language (FL2) learners in Ontario: (i) high school French Immersion (FI) students and (ii) university students. It considers two types of functions fulfilled by these connectors: (i)...

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global crisis that had far-reaching consequences beyond public health. It disrupted every aspect of human life and global systems. Responsible persons on crisis management had to play a vital role in making decisions, allocating resources, enforcing policies, along with effective communication, which comprised diss...

Interjection is a fundamental aspect of everyday communication and can also be observed in literary works, such as drama. This article examined the Korean interjection 아 [a] and its functions as discourse markers in the Korean drama ‘Twenty-Five Twenty-One’. This study employed the theoretical frameworks of interjections as outlined by Nam et al. (...

Several studies have been devoted, partly or wholly, to the different uses of the adverb actually. Although there is considerable agreement on the main discourse functions actually can perform, there is little consensus on which subtypes to distinguish, and how these subtypes, and the functions they perform, are related to the formal properties of...

Disclaimers are essential metapragmatic devices that allow speakers to frame their statements in ways that minimize potential misinterpretations, reduce the risk of face-threatening acts, and maintain social harmony. These linguistic strategies are particularly significant in Chinese communication, where politeness, hierarchy, and indirectness play...

Disclaimers are essential metapragmatic devices that allow speakers to frame their statements in ways that minimize potential misinterpretations, reduce the risk of face-threatening acts, and maintain social harmony. These linguistic strategies are particularly significant in Chinese communication, where politeness, hierarchy, and indirectness play...

Disclaimers are essential metapragmatic devices that allow speakers to frame their statements in ways that minimize potential misinterpretations, reduce the risk of face-threatening acts, and maintain social harmony. These linguistic strategies are particularly significant in Chinese communication, where politeness, hierarchy, and indirectness play...

The use of discourse markers (DMs) is a critical component of writing proficiency in English as a Second Language (ESL), influencing coherence and cohesion in academic texts. This study investigates the variation in discourse marker usage between first-year and fourth-year Egyptian university students to understand how proficiency levels affect wri...

Stance, a critical discourse marker, reflects the expression of attitudes, feelings, evaluations, or judgments by speakers or writers toward a topic or other participants in a conversation. This study investigates the manifestation of stance in the discourse of four prominent artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots—ChatGPT, Gemini, MetaAI, and Bing C...

This book explores the grammar of spoken English and spoken Italian. It analyses and proposes Italian equivalents of spoken English discourse elements and English equivalents of Italian clitic constructions. It firstly outlines the main features of spoken English grammar by providing insights from the literature and examples from British and Am...

This study examines the strategies and challenges of subtitling the religious discourse marker والله wallah (by God) in Jordanian Arabic drama on Netflix. Two works, the series Jinn (2019) and the film Theeb (2014), are chosen as the corpus of the data. The study analyses the pragmatic functions of the religious marker wallah, which Arabs usually u...

This article focuses on undergraduate research writing, specifically, the use of discourse markers to hedge and emphasize. Writers use hedging devices — modal verbs, adverbs and other cautious language — to show uncertainty and avoid overgeneralisation; emphasis markers — intensifiers and assertive expressions — to strengthen key claims. This paper...

This study investigates the development of narrative skills in Catalan-Spanish bilingual children, a rarely studied combination of languages in a bilingual context where neither language serves as a minority input, meaning both are widely used in the community. Seventy children aged 4 to 7 were assessed in both of their languages using the Multilin...

The paper analyzes the semantics of the interjection aman as one of the common discourse markers in the contemporary languages of the Balkan Sprachbund. After a review of the description of aman in dictionaries and in previous studies, a unified approach to the semantics of the interjection is proposed considering its syntactic and discourse proper...

Indonesian as a lingua franca immerses many elements of the social life of its users. This integration is so powerful that the components in the source language code may contain a mix of regional languages. Thus, this research examines the socio-practical construction factors reflected in people's language styles in multiethnic communication. A qua...

Shajara-i Tarākima, transcribed in Classical Chagatai Turkic by Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan during the 17th century, is one of the most significant works in Turkology studies. Since the 19th century, it has garnered substantial interest among Turkology researchers from various nations, becoming the subject of numerous scholarly investigations. Howeve...

Diachronic research on discourse markers (DMs) has gained momentum in recent years, but the international community has only seen a few studies on the evolution of Chinese discourse markers (CDMs). One crucial reason is that many diachronic studies on CDMs are published in Chinese-written journals and have escaped international audiences. To addres...

Despite the global prevalence of Modern Standard Chinese language, counterspeech (CS) resources for Chinese remain virtually nonexistent. To address this gap in East Asian counterspeech research we introduce a corpus of Modern Standard Mandarin counterspeech that focuses on combating hate speech in Mainland China. This paper proposes a novel approa...

English wait and Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese espera/pera/peraí 'wait (there),' are derived from imperatives that signal physical waiting. Using examples from tweets, text messages, and spoken interactions, we investigate the metadiscursive functions of these wait-forms as discourse markers that signal the need to pause and repair interlocutors...

Discourse markers provide writers with signaling devices to connect ideas and guide readers in grasping the connection of ideas in the texts. An introductory section of a journal article represents a unique text which should be written with clear and interconnected arguments. This paper aims to reveal how discourse markers play vital roles in reali...

This paper examined the effect of gender and language proficiency on the translation and judgments of ten contrastive discourse markers: but, however, nevertheless, instead, rather, in contrast, on the other hand, yet, still, on the contrary. The participants were 77 Saudi undergraduate males and females majoring in English and Translation. They we...

This paper presents a corpus-based study of the diachronic development and the multimodal properties of a Hungarian lexical item, ugye (~'is that so?') that can be analysed as a multifunctional discourse marker (henceforth DM). DMs are commonly defined as "sequentially dependent elements which bracket units of talk" (Schiffrin 1987: 31), or metalin...

The issue of climate change is one of the fundamental problems that the humanity faces and needs to overcome (Gjerstad & Fløttum, 2021; Kapranov, 2022). One of the ways of overcoming the negative consequences of climate change is to inform the public at large and other relevant stakeholders of the measures to mitigate it. In this regard, it should...

The issue of climate change is one of the fundamental problems that the humanity faces and needs to overcome (Gjerstad & Fløttum, 2021; Kapranov, 2022). One of the ways of overcoming the negative consequences of climate change is to inform the public at large and other relevant stakeholders of the measures to mitigate it. In this regard, it should...

Exploratory talk is increasingly recognised in formal education for its role in enhancing students' critical thinking and literacy skills, which are crucial for quality education both within and beyond school contexts (Llinares & Morton, 2024). However, research shows that students often lack opportunities for inquiry-based learning and rarely rece...

Abstract Discourse markers play a significant role in facilitating effective communication among university students. Therefore, this Study aims to explore and analyze the use of discourse markers among Kirkuk university students, focusing on the most common type they used and functions, variation, and its impact on communication. A survey was c...

This paper deals with the concept of mirativity – the linguistic expressionof surprise – in both synchronic and diachronic terms, by analyzing the case of adedicated mirative marker in Sicilian, bì (roughly meaning ‘oh!’). After pointing outsome critical issues in the study of mirativity, the paper delves into the empiricalanalysis of present-day u...

Nowadays, on-screen communication is more popular than face-to-face communication. Since people have an advanced communication facility, communication is unlimited, and people-to-people connections are made from home with computers and telephones. Through on-screen communication, people are more accessible to express themselves. Nevertheless, hesit...

This study examines the challenges faced by undergraduate Saudi students in the effective use of discourse markers (DMs) in their writing. The research involved two participant groups: Group A, comprising fourth-year undergraduate Saudi students majoring in English. 65 argumentative essays were collected at the Department of Languages and Translati...

This comparative study investigates the use of discourse markers (DMs) in essays of EFL undergraduate Saudi and American students. It intends to determine the features of DMs in terms of syntactic category, syntactic distribution and semantic function. For the non-native students (NNS), the researcher collected 65 essays from English major at facul...

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the fr...

This study aims to explore the use of discourse markers (DMs) in complaints by native and non-native speakers of Italian, focusing on how DMs are employed across different proficiency levels. The goal is to understand the role of DMs in mitigating, intensifying, or structuring complaints in Italian language learners at A1-A2 and B1-B2 levels compar...

This article investigates the relationship between existing motivational trends and the positive propensity of Bangladeshi ESL students to classroom interaction on the one hand and to provide guidelines and suggestions to teachers, authority and policy makers on the other for bringing a change in the SLA classroom teaching through pragmatic steps a...

Although L1-English fluency has been extensively studied from many angles, few contrastive studies examine whether fluency develops similarly or differently across L1-varieties while taking sociolinguistic variation into consideration. This paper aims to close this research gap and examines the use of three core strategies of fluency (or fluencemes...

Despite the global prevalence of Modern Standard Chinese language, counterspeech (CS) resources for Chinese remain virtually nonexistent. To address this gap in East Asian counterspeech research we introduce the a corpus of Modern Standard Mandarin counterspeech that focuses on combating hate speech in Mainland China. This paper proposes a novel ap...

In this paper, I propose that a previously understudied lexical item with the polysemous form so ('so') in German can be classified as an adverbial expletive. While so has been extensively analyzed in functions such as modal adverb and discourse marker, this study focuses on its occurrence as a prefield element introducing elaboration or exemplific...

People find it difficult to talk about abstract concepts such as their future career plans. The discourse marker “I think” is used to express uncertainty and soften the force of a proposition. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how specific context and bounded topic of conversation influence the use of the discourse marker “I think” in P...

The grammar rules of spoken language differ from those of written discourse. Spoken discourse is spontaneous and, amongst others, it is characterised by discourse markers, which range from non-minimal response tokens to non-words. This paper is aimed at exploring the discourse markers uttered in two American animated sitcoms: “The Simpsons” and “Fam...

This research analyzes and compares two near-synonymous Russian discourse markers, čto ni govori (‘whatever you say’) and i pravda (‘truly’), both used to verify the truthfulness of statements within their contexts. Despite their crucial role in communication, their analysis remains incomplete. Using data from monolingual and parallel corpora in th...

The analysis of political texts, especially those containing pre-election propaganda, is increasingly gaining popularity among linguists, as the primary purpose of these texts is to shape, influence, and manipulate public opinion. Language serves politics as a political struggle or influence tool, allowing politicians to adjust their speech to alig...

This paper unveils the similarities and differences between original English and Spanish recapitulative discourse markers (DMs), in fiction (F) and non-fiction (NF), and between translated and non-translated Spanish. It also aims to show that combining parallel and monolingual corpora can produce more focused results when tracking trends across lan...

This paper highlights the value of interpersonal communication in modern culture by providing a conversational analysis of spoken English in the context of cordial exchanges. In casual contexts, as among friends, family, or coworkers, the study examines the pragmatic aspects of friendly discourse. It makes use of the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken...

In spite of the importance of spoken language, spoken grammar is ignored in English language teaching and using. Aiming to increase people’s awareness of the significance of spoken language, the current study conducted an in-depth analysis on one of the most commonly used discourse markers “well”, discussing how it functions in spoken language. Spe...

"guoshi过是" is a noteworthy form in the K-VP interrogative structure of the Tongling dialect in Anhui province of China, primarily serving as a focus question marker, a propositional question marker, and a communicative question function. In this process, a synonymous but non-graphical marker [khɛ31] appears, sharing the interrogative marker functio...

This research describes the use of Spinner.id, Rewriter, and Prepostseo as online paraphrasing tools to avoid plagiarism in writing Indonesian scientific papers. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The analysis shows that several online paraphrasing tools such as Spinner. id, rewriter, Prepostseo, and Paraphraser.io have similarities...

Discourse markers (DMs), as a set of language elements, are essential for structuring written material, indicating connections between concepts and ideas, and improving coherence in written texts. Gaining an understanding of how EFL students use DMs help better understand students writing ability, language growth, and textual organizing techniques....

The periphrasis <pasar a + infinitive> has received a variety of treatments in the grammatical tradition, ranging from a denial of its periphrastic nature to its acceptance in sometimes contradictory taxonomies: aspectual periphrasis, semiperiphrasis, or periphrasis equivalent to a discourse marker. This paper presents one of the results obtained f...

The irruption of generative artificial intelligence poses challenges and opportunities for established academic writing practices. In this context, this paper proposes a descriptive study of the differences, in discourse variables, between natural and synthetic texts in undergraduate and doctoral theses in disciplines such as aquaculture, law and l...

This article investigates the translation of religious expressions in the context of everyday interactions in Jordanian Arabic (JA) where they remarkably serve as discourse markers. Expressions of this nature are required to be pragmatically translated, given the fact that their semantic content is largely peripheral to the meaning of the accompany...

The discourse marker “en plan,” akin to English “like,” has gained attention due to its rapid spread across Spain. Using explicit and implicit attitude surveys, we examine perceptions of quotative marker “en plan” by Spaniards. Our findings show that “en plan” is mainly associated with younger age groups and casual speech, leading to mixed social a...

The article focuses on the influence of gender on structural discourse markers in the English popular-science genre of TED talks. The research is based on 20 English lectures (10 male and 10 female ones). All the lectures highlight the problems of education and online learning. The overall study materials comprise about 50,000 words. The structural...

This study explores the psycholinguistic aspects of speech as a cognitive process, integrating linguistic, communicative, and socio-cultural elements. The research addresses the novelty of examining how segmentation, comprehension, storage, and information integration contribute to enhancing communication skills and developing speech abilities. Add...

This article explores the translation of the discourse marker mais in Arabic subtitles for the film Mon Colonel, addressing subtitling's technical constraints and their impact on preserving pragmatic and argumentative nuances. Research by Chaume (2004) and Khalifa (2015) highlights the importance of discourse markers for communicative effects, thou...

Studies on discourse features and structure have demonstrated an understanding of how classroom discourse can potentially inform language teaching and learning. As such, features and structure of classroom discourse show recurring patterns, which augment learners' mechanism to direct or shift attention, sequence stages, and express their stance (Hy...

In this paper, we explore incoordinate sentences with mas (‘but’, in English) in European Portuguese (EP). These sentences are characterized by the presence of a conjunction attached to a single sentence, occurring in the position of a second conjunct. We take up on the work of Giorgi (2016, 2018), Kuteva et al (2017) and Niclot (2018), and propose...

This paper examines the discourse marker "I mean" in the first season of Friends, exploring its pragmatic functions within dialogues. Analysis reveals that "I mean" facilitates politeness, moderates tone, and enhances identification, while also serving functions such as clarification, correction, emphasis, and supplementation. These functions suppo...

Connectivity is widely regarded as one of the most crucial attributes of discourse markers. Nevertheless, as of now, two ostensibly disparate concepts prevail with regard to the connectivity of discourse markers. One is exemplified by Schiffrin's assertion that the connectivity of discourse markers manifests the connection between different discour...

intra-discourse relations, and pragmatic markers, functional items that have interactional and (inter)subjective meanings. Well aware of the challenge that defining and delimiting such elusive entities entails, we first offer a synthesis of the features shared between the two categories of markers by focusing on their shared properties, with a view...

This study offers a comparative analysis of the discourse marker well in both British English (BrE) and Hong Kong English (HKE), focusing on its usage in scripted and unscripted speech contexts. Using Beeching's classification framework, 170 instances of well were analyzed to investigate its pragmatic functions, such as signaling hesitation, managi...

The study aims to justify the evidential conditioning of the pragmatic parameters of fiction. Based on the text of V. V. Orlov’s novel “Shevrikuka, or Love for a Ghost”, it has been revealed that the category of evidentiality possesses a wide range of means that allow for the realization of the communicative-pragmatic potential of literary discours...

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate and describe the pragmatic contexts of the discourse markers "olha" and "viu" in vernacular language, identifying patterns of functioning through a functionalist analysis of these phenomena. Theoretical Framework: The main theoretical concepts guiding this research are rooted in a functional...

Background The perceived language barrier in English is said to hinder, and in certain instances, impede the global dissemination of knowledge, including medical information, to non-native English speakers within medical institutions. As English for medical purposes instructors, we contend that the issue persists in medical universities across vari...

Background. The research presents the analysis of Antony John Blinken's, the United States secretary of state, historic and significant public report on May, 16, 2024 during his visit to Ukraine. Politicians perform speeches mainly to outline the perspective for the nations, influencing the others and positioning themselves and the others through t...

This study aimed to give a full account of discourse marker use in nonnative academic discourse. This study is a qualitative and quantitative investigation of discourse markers used in a corpus of 14 dissertations in applied linguistics from a Saudi university that uncovers the use patterns and DM combinations in abstracts, discussions, and conclus...

Article Info ABSTRACT Article type: Research Article The present study, as a data-based and diachronic one, has been done in order to investigate different types of pragmatic meanings belonging to the discourse marker "ya'ni" on thetical grammar level, and development of these meanings over time (centuries 4 to 14 A.H.). This study is based on Trau...

This study explores the role of discourse markers (DMs) within an educational context, particularly in elementary school classrooms, and examines how these markers function in the learning process. The research focuses on a Grade 3 teacher at Tunjung Sari School, where data were collected through recorded observations of the teacher's utterances us...

Abstract The reconstruction of speech in the written mode, especially in the dialogue parts in novels, displays several compromisation strategies. Fiction dialogue, though, varies in its representation of real speech; it follows the conventions of everyday talk yet cannot be an exact replication of real spoken language. The purpose of this study w...

This paper analyzes the construction bien mirado as a discursive marker. In the first part, based on the data provided by the CDH and CORPES corpora, we will examine the discursive functioning of bien mirado and the delimitation problems associated with the constructions of absolute clause or free adjunct, taking especially into account the notions...

The paper posits the hypothesis that if a form or construction entering a process of grammaticalization has a diachronic structural pattern, the grammaticalization may become entrenched and strengthened; it can recategorize and move easily into other grammatical areas, can make more complex diachronic paths, and will progress better than a change w...

This paper presents a statistical model of the opinion column, a discourse genre typical of the press. The model was derived from a relatively small sample (ca. 4000 texts), and it takes into account discourse variables such as text and paragraph length, discourse markers, deixis and modalization. In order to test the accuracy of the model, it was...

Reading comprehension skills in EFL is vital for university students. Particularly, being aware of the writer’s intention by means of discourse patters allows students to interact with the written text. Therefore, this research paper examines the implementation of a Discourse Analysis perspective in an Intermediate general EFL lesson aimed to enhan...

This contribution provides a descriptive account of the phasal polarity domain (encompassing the concepts not yet , already , still , and no longer ) in Suansu, using a corpus of naturalistic and semi-spontaneous data. It aims at filling the descriptive gap of this category in Tibeto-Burman and frames the properties of Suansu phasal polarity system...

The current work investigates the production of very short utterances (VSUs) in the context of autism (spectrum disorder; ASD), focusing on acknowledgment tokens marking incipient speakership (IS) and positive replies to yes–no and tag questions. It extends previous work in [1] analysing the use of backchannels (listener signals) by autistic speake...

This study explicates the licensing conditions for the mirative behaviour of the Urdu discourse marker to, that is, how do declaratives become miratives in the presence of the discourse particle to? To explore the semantic contribution of this particle, the study uses Evans’ Lexical Concept and Cognitive Model (2009), since it combines linguistic a...

Understanding the discourse marker usage of Arabic-speaking English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners is necessary to help improve their writing competence. However, previous studies focusing on this area have used small corpora for comparison. To make up for this, this study aimed to determine the frequency of use of discourse markers in Saudi...

Research has shown that people anticipate upcoming linguistic content, but evidence regarding expectations of specific lexical markers is mixed. We use the Dutch pair of discourse markers "Aan de ene kant...Aan de andere kant" (“On the one hand...On the other hand”) and "Enerzijds...Anderzijds" (also equivalent to “On the one hand...On the other ha...

The discourse mark "wo gei ni shuo" is very important in natural dialogue. This study explores the position, pragmatic function and formation of the discourse mark "wo gei ni shuo". Discourse mark "wo gei ni shuo" has three kinds of position in sentences, among which the highest frequency of use found in middle of sentences, and the semantic meanin...

Abstract: This paper presents Interaction Space Management as a formal model of pragmatic meaning in gesture, combining an embodied and situated understanding of language with an expectation-driven Question Under Discussion (QUD) framework. To demonstrate the utility of this model, I focus on a family of gestural discourse markers, which I call pre...

L’article présente quelques résultats du projet DiCoi dont le but est de créer du matériel didactique à partir de corpus oraux de français et d’étudier le développement de la compétence d’interaction d’apprenant·e·s du français L2 en formation professionnelle de métiers manuels. Nous décrivons les principales lignes d’une intervention didactique su...