Discourse - Science topic

Thank you for this. Can you remind me if this is article is published?

I agree with Hans - there are different approaches and one has to focus on a particulr discourse. For example, White House Briefings (

The Linguistics of Political Argument. The Spin-Doctor and the Wolf-Pack at the White House

By Alan Partington

2002

DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203218259

Something more general would be CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis - see the reader edited by Weiss and Wodak (Palgrave 2003).

A lot of work has been done on Metaphor and Discourse (look up Andreas Musloff) .

Last but not least, "Corora and Discourse Studies" eds Paul Baker and Tony McEnery (2016) or the earlier book by Michael Hoey, (2007). Text, discourse and corpora: Theory and analysis. A&C Black.

Hope these pointers are helpful!

Let's just celebrate freedom. I also saw a magazine on YouTube along those lines. Let's watch the short Black History Month video, comment on it, and share it massively. This way, we will find more collaborators, even from outside ResearchGate. The magazine can also sponsor us. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZoFUX6kjrU

1. You get hungry.

2. You look for a restaurant.

3. You find a restaurant.

4. You walk into the restaurant.

5. You’re seated by someone.

6. The server brings you a menu.

7. You look at the menu.

8. You order your meal.

9. You eat your meal.

10. Someone brings you a bill.

11. You pay the bill.

12. You leave a tip.

13. You leave the restaurant.

The way to choose your topic is to consider all of your coursework so far and decide which topics interest you most. Then read more and more research literature on the subject and look for a "gap" in the research, i.e., unanswered questions that you can reasonably research.

Hello

What is the question?

Regards

Dear Hernan L. Villagran , I find this blog appropriate for your research question.

"Medical research and publication underpin the success of several SDGs—most notably Good Health and Well-Being (SDG #3) and Quality Education (SDG #4). As technology advances and the quantity and availability of research expands through open science and data sharing initiatives, international collaboration and interdisciplinary research has become more attainable and practical than ever before. By dedicating time, funds, and resources into fulfilling the SDGs, the medical research and publication industry can create strong collaborations and partnerships to accelerate accessibility and quality across all dimensions of healthcare...

There are several ongoing initiatives that will continue to support SDG adoption and growth in the medical research industry:

@Mary M

Civil discourse assessment involves examining several elements, such as the language, empathy, and attentive listening displayed during communication. Key factors include mutual respect, openness to compromise, and the absence of hostile remarks. To quantify this, researchers can employ surveys, group discussions, and analyzing the content of conversations, providing a well-rounded understanding of the degree of civil discourse in various situations.

See these links:

Thank you for sharing this call for submissions.

Dear respected colleague,

Thank you for your answer.

Best regards

Doctor, what is your exact specialty?

Hi,

I guess you mean 20th and 21st century (+ 19th C) - and the answer is: that is a very broad field - and one that hs probably not been given much attention.

Looking at more recent metaphors (looking at the last 50 years) there are some publications like

Marks, Michael P., and Michael P. Marks. "Metaphors of International Political Economy." Revisiting Metaphors in International Relations Theory (2018): 31-89.

or

Andreas Mussloff's "Political Metaphor Analysis"

Clearly, in the 19th and early 20th C, the main European powers - England, France,Germany and Russia would have used a lot of this kind of language to describe other countries, the US, for most of the 19th C a relative backwater and political minion however - there would not be as much material to look at than there is since we have the pax Americana, I guess.

Hope this helps anyway -

Discourse analysis is an umbrella term of a family of different interdisciplinary methods. Simply put, it's a useful tool. I'm convinced that the "seriousness" of results depends on research questions and objectives. Ensure that your study addresses issues that are relevant and important in your field.

Moreover, consider incorporating multimodal analysis, which includes the study of visual and auditory elements of discourse alongside written or spoken language. This can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the discourse's impact. If possible, conduct longitudinal studies to track changes in discourse patterns over time. This can provide insights into how discourse shapes or reflects social and political developments.

Finally, in the title you refer to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The "critical" aspect of CDA signifies its aim to uncover and critique hidden power relations, ideologies, and social inequalities within discourse. It goes beyond surface-level analysis to reveal the underlying structures that contribute to oppression or dominance. CDA is not only about critique but also about social transformation. It seeks to empower individuals and marginalized groups by raising awareness of the ways in which discourse can be used to maintain or challenge the status quo. That's a very serious and important endeavour in itself. By focusing on this "critical" aspect, you will move beyond identifying communication patterns and examine how language both reflects and shapes social structures and ideologies.

Absolutely, knowledge of programming languages, especially Python, is very important in the field of computational linguistics. Reason:

You don't need to master all of these, but having a basic understanding of Python and R would be beneficial. You can then deepen your knowledge based on the specific requirements of your research.

In addition to these programming languages, understanding machine learning principles and algorithms is essential, as a large part of current computational linguistics research involves applying these techniques to analyse and understand language. Furthermore, knowledge of linguistics, cognitive science, and related fields will be crucial.

You may also want to familiarize yourself with tools and platforms that are commonly used in the field, such as Jupyter Notebooks for code development and data analysis, GitHub for version control, and possibly cloud platforms like Google Colab, AWS, or Azure for training large models.

Please remember, though, that each research program may have its specific preferred tools and technologies, so it would be best to check the details of your desired program or talk with your potential supervisor for a more tailored recommendation.

Best of luck with your studies!

Metaphor is a kind of expansion of speech and behavior of significance, it is formed in a conscious way by combining the imagined and the truth, in which emotion mixes with thought, and it is nothing more than a form of liberation; Because it is a conscious and rebellious practice against the laws of the ordinary that leads to an understanding of the intentions with the aim of excitement and persuasion. However, metaphorical acceptance is fraught with many dangers, as its path may be blocked, if a rift occurs in the circle of communication, as the creator and recipient must be close in ideology, to create some balance and adaptation between them. There must be a philosophical and jurisprudential entity that indicates understanding, or adaptation to the achieved semantic given. Metaphor is not only related to private taste and individual inclinations, it is not only an artistic phenomenon that is described as ugliness or approval, because it is a way of human thinking, and his own way of expression, it is intellectual awareness and linguistic management, and the right of the self in its visions of the worlds, and its share of creativity, and an expression of its freedom from restrictions. Understanding and realizing without exaggeration and excess, and thus is the release of the poetic metaphor that may be captured by the authority of normative taste. Metaphor is a linguistic phenomenon that bears the values, functions, knowledge and sciences that the language bears. It is - as "Umberto Eco" sees - the engine of renewal; Because it represents an unexpected result, and the attempt to understand and comprehend it makes it a semiotic mechanism that is manifested in all systems of signs in a way that refers the linguistic interpretation to semiotic mechanisms that are not of the nature of the language used in speech. Therefore, it is studied to find out its pragmatic, interpretive, semantic, and cognitive dimensions, claiming that it transcends the impressionistic view, which sees that metaphor is merely a departure from the expressive habit of replacing the properties of the thing or transferring it to something else that gives the image a meaning other than its original meaning. . We discuss metaphor as "the subject of philosophical, linguistic, aesthetic and psychological thinking" that is understood through interpretation and understanding, in order to know its pragmatic dimensions, especially when it interacts with psychological, semiotic, linguistic, symbolic, mythological, intertextual, and ideological mechanisms, and then it must be studied in its text and context; Because it does not live without a soul, or when it is isolated from its circumstances that produced it, and the activities that surrounded it in its inception and formation, so its formation is within a holistic vision that is not truncated from thought, awareness and conscience. It lives according to the social and cultural laws that regulate its deliberative acceptance. Hence, it constitutes a semiotic system, and the semiotics of metaphor pass through the semiotics of culture, which makes it semantically acceptable, and makes it in terms of humility achieve communication open to understanding and interpretation. Metaphor formation is the pillar of imagination and creativity, as the combination of things presents an innovative image that does not exist in reality, but it is combined in the perceptions when it comes specific to the activities of transformation, replacement, interaction, repulsion, strangeness, and growth, as it is one of the semantic variables that reveal the poet’s abilities to transform meanings, changing them, and deforming them, so they express the heresy of innovative poetic images in speech.

There are several ways to get a business negotiation corpus. One way is to search for publicly available corpora online. Here are some websites that provide free corpora: The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC): The LDC provides access to a wide range of corpora, including those related to business negotiations. The European Language Resources Association (ELRA): The ELRA provides access to a variety of language resources, including corpora related to business negotiations. The University of Michigan’s Language Resource Center: The University of Michigan’s Language Resource Center provides access to a variety of language resources, including corpora related to business negotiations. Another way is to create your own corpus by collecting transcripts of business negotiations. This can be done by recording negotiations and then transcribing them manually or using automatic speech recognition software.

Discourse traps are a type of manipulation that can be used to influence the way people think and perceive things. They are often used to promote certain ideas or beliefs while suppressing others. The mechanism of setting up a trap of discourse is to influence the discourse recipient to accept a special way of thinking and cognitive frame consciously and unconsciously. When this special frame is entrenched in the mind, recipients begin to negate their own position and viewpoint within a specific, limited, and biased cognitive framework, thereby negating their own culture and self-worth .

Here are some examples of American novels where populist discourse is prevalent:

"The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck

"It Can't Happen Here" by Sinclair Lewis

"The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair

"Main Street" by Sinclair Lewis

"The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald (arguably contains elements of populist discourse)

These novels deal with themes of economic and social injustice, and often portray populist voices advocating for change. They offer insights into the historical and cultural forces that have shaped American politics and society.

Another relevant link.

https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/learning-in-indigenous-languages_e80ad1d4-en

En las zonas rurales de sur de Tucumán, el oeste de Ccatamarca y el sur de la Rioja, se desenvolvió un modo de producción denominado "comunitarismo rural" que se basó en el uso compartido de tierras, aguadas y bosques por parte delideres rurales que acuerdan un eticidad común en el manejo de manadas y "bañados"....

Teverything with lexical matter is a text: newspaper articles and books the same as shopping lists, receipts or spoken utterances (though some people want to see these only as 'text' wwhen transcriped).

Thanks. I am looking for civil discourse we use for providing written feedback for the thesis/dissertation students.

Thank you Nicolás. Important points.

Manyun Zou, I am not an expert in this field, but as a post-disciplinary scholar of critical thought, I was intrigued by your question, and thought it would be a good exercise to attempt an answer. I therefore offer this not as any definitive answer to your question, but a perspective that might offer some insight.

To start, I sought out the article from Pan, Z. and Kosicki, G.M., 1993. Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political communication, 10(1), pp.55-75.

The authors note three questions: first, how do the news media frame public discussion; second, how do those with an agenda attempt to leverage the media to frame debates over public policy; and third, how do audiences construct meaning from news information? The authors suggest a problem in researching these questions is to identify a meaningful relationship between news texts, their production and their consumption. They suggest one idea is to "view news texts as a system of organized signifying elements that both indicate the advocacy of certain ideas and provide devices to encourage certain kinds of audience processing of the texts."

If I turn to your own questions.

Firstly, what are the social functions of news discourse? Here I suggest, socially, people have always been interested in gaining information they can use in their daily lives for whatever purpose. I would suggest the news media first evolved as a ‘trusted’ information channel for production and supply of information that met a certain need for information consumption. Based on the Pan et al.’s own first question, news media content, in its ‘trusted’ form, becomes a ‘signifying element’ in the social construction of certain meanings. Trust is inferred upon the meaning constructed and, based on that trust, news information tends to a class of knowledge which frames public discussion. Problems arise when the element of trust is not well founded, is undermined, or otherwise deficient.

Secondly, how does news discourse impact social relationships, public opinion, and social policy? Here, I find an interesting overlap with some of my own work in negative dialectics. From a dialectic perspective, one would imagine that the concepts of news and news discourse, serve a positivistic social purpose to educate and inform, to represent and make available information with a positivistic value (despite the negativity of much of the content itself). I believe this implicit positivism centres on the notion of trust. But, based on that trust, the news media inherits a power dynamic over its consumers. This power dynamic gives rise to Pan et al.’s second question, in that with power one can influence those with whom one has power over. It leaves news media open to purposefully framing public discussion in line with the direction (motivation) of that power. This can clearly act to impact social relationships, public opinion, and social policy.

Understood dialectically, we make positivistic assumptions about the value of news media and its potential for effect, often neglecting or avoiding the issue of power. However, understood from a negative dialectic position, there can be nothing positivistic about the concept; the news media in neither inherently positive nor negative, its impact can only be observed after the event of its consumption. This speaks to Pan et al.’s third question, how do audiences construct meaning from news information? In a negative dialectic approach, I allow the boundary of the concept to dissolve. What if we do not assign a value of trust to media, but instead question the source (its production and its motivations) directly. Just as trust applies to the consumer relationship with the news media, so trust also applies to the relationship between the news production source and the news media. This trust also invokes a power dynamic; yet to the consumer this power dynamic remains hidden. The power dynamic between source and media is wholly contextual. It is certainly complex, and to my mind it is the root of news discourse that might best be investigated.

Finally, what are the methods to research news discourse? As an alternative to Pan et al.’s dialectic focus on news texts, if I was to research this area, I would use a negative dialectic approach in which I am not so much concerned with investigating the concept of news media, but, from an anthropological perspective I would look to the question: what are the dynamics of trust and power in operation between the production and consumption of news and how do they impact social relationships and influence the emergence of public discussion, public opinion, and social policy. We might then better see the forms of news media that might emerge in the space between.

I would therefore reframe your question “What are the social functions of news discourse?” Rather, I would ask “How does news discourse emerge in the power plays that influence news production and its consumption in the construction of meaning in society and social policy?

episodic memory associations can be encoded and retrieved in a context-sensitive way; thus it can be evidenced.

Dear Dr. Ramdas!

Please see the following list below - hope you will find it as value-added for your work:

1) Yang, L., Martínez-Abad, F. & García-Holgado, A. Exploring factors influencing pre-service and in-service teachers´ perception of digital competencies in the Chinese region of Anhui. Educ Inf Technol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11085-6, Open access:

2) Keane, T., Linden, T., Hernandez-Martinez, P. et al. Digital technologies: students’ expectations and experiences during their transition from high school to university. Educ Inf Technol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11184-4 Open access:

3) Janschitz, G., & Penker, M. (2022). How digital are ‘digital natives’ actually? Developing an instrument to measure the degree of digitalisation of university students – the DDS-Index. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 153(1), 127–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/07591063211061760, Open access:

4) Abid Haleem, Mohd Javaid, Mohd Asim Qadri, Rajiv Suman,

Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review,

Sustainable Operations and Computers, Volume 3, 2022, Pages 275-285, Open access:

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

It doesn't matter the market location for a translator. Where and when the translator finds the opportunity he can work.

请你看看中国语言之中的修辞，回环、顶针……接龙，那些都是

Dear Dr. Cynthia Cocard

We are already aware that digital technologies facilitate the appearance of Web spaces where economic power relations and the different social identities of users play a priority role and digital documentation also plays a sectoral and overwhelming role. Lately we are witnessing a true media overflow that will lead us to the “in crescendo” media collapse of any platform that catches our attention, given that their key processes are in the propagation and visibility of all types of “true” or false” communication that In addition, now it forces us to accept or reject totally or partially the supposed "security guarantees", in addition there may be a collapse of the chosen platform when moving from the public space to the private space of the speech in action to control and avoid a possible and excessive personal participation on social Networks. This is where data activism comes in, as long as this data is accessible to be able to act according to our desire with our Social Network accounts that sometimes are not accessible as we wish, they are global and do not consider what is important for some users regarding to other users, thus generating asymmetries that are difficult to control.

you can do so by adopting an eclectic model of analysis.

Sentiment, analogous to emotion, depends upon many factors of communication. Because of its pervasive influence, we cannot depend solely upon any single element of language to correctly extract sentiment or emotion. That being said, the information structure of a text often reveals much of the sentiment within it. The content placed in emphatic positions often embodies core aspects of the statement's sentiment.

I wouldn't say that one is better than the other. It all depends on the way you conduct your analysis and discussions in your work. This choice is part of your methodological cut, so it must be integrated to the other parts of your work. I would say that the interpretation provided to the data are even more important than the representation itself, be it a graph, be it a tree. We can continue our conversation, but I hope my main point here be clear.

Davoud Rouzaneh,

Action regarding global warming must indeed take all perspectives into account. Benjamin Franklin's comment at the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence is most relevant: "We must all hang together, or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately".

Thank you again dear Sergey Goraev. Your references have been of great contribution. They allowed me read many other scientists in the field among whom are Elena N. Malyuga et al. (2020). I am partially satisfied the way they specified professional discourses, but I am afraid as professional discourse includes specialists and non-specialists language use (Luca Aliona, 2019:2) quoting Condamines 197:171-184). Then to me, specialized language discourse is and should be strictly the discourse of specialists or scientists of appropriate scientific or technical field.

I think it is reliable. To what extent the results of a discourse analysis then really meet the criteria of reliability and validity is difficult. From my point of view, they do not have to meet these criteria, because a discourse analysis wants something else. It shows power structures, repetitions, legitimations in processes.

There are no standardised quality criteria for qualitative research. However, three quality criteria seem to make sense: transparency, intersubjectivity and range.

Your discourse analysis should be transparent, which means that you document the work steps and present them in a comprehensible way. In a further step, you could reflect on and discuss the subjectively obtained data, thus fulfilling the criterion of intersubjectivity. The presentation of the limitations and scope of your discourse analysis would also be important.

[19/01, 12:10 am] Hanan Ebaid: Christine Christie

Gender and Language: Towards a Feminist Pragmatics

1st Edition

ISBN-13: 978-0748609352, ISBN-10: 0748609350

[19/01, 12:14 am] Hanan Ebaid: Stylistics, Feminist

December 2006

DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00552-6

In book: Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics

S. Mills

Translation to English: "A psychological cognitive activity called the movement of information in the brain upon receiving an stimulus to search for meaning in a situation or experience. Socio-emotional learning is an activity aimed at acquiring socio-emotional information for the purpose of performing correct emotional behavior during social interaction" from Dr Abbas Noah Almosawi's answer

Post-truth means that anybody can make any kind of claim and the original claim goes farther and faster than the rebuttal or fact check does.

Therefore, conspiracy theories and false claims are often seen by more people than the truth. This can greatly affect what people believe about environmental issues, such as climate change.

Secondly, here are the projects I am engaged in, though ultimately, to go even beyond Heidegger's mindset, I think the most fruitful way forward is to renounce the WESTERN METAPHYSICS of MIND BODY CARTESIAN FRAME, and venture into CHINESE METAPHYSICS.

If a KG was not built based on a previous modeled formal ontology, entity types, entity properties and entity relations can be defined based on an implicit schema.

As new data is added, types, properties and relations can be discovered and added to the schema, in a schemaless (or schema later) approach.

Thank you Prof. Alotumi and Prof.Guylan.

That was very fruitful recommendations.

I shall be glad to have any new recommendations from you and others.

Best.

Nazaralian,Y

Dear Patrick, Fatemeh, Badriyah and Suyash,

Thank you very much for sharing your thoughts. They will all feed into the final methodology of the research project we are working on.

Thanks again,

Henner

I agree with your argument that a text of (a sign) is not enough to be considered as a discourse in terms of its textual structure. However, coherence in discourse is much more essential for the texturness of a text to be a discourse. Therefore, any sign has a kind of mutual comperhension (contextual interaction) between the reader and the writer (the one who has a message behind making such sign).

Reflective thinking - Excellent psychometric option - https://courses.lumenlearning.com/olemiss-writing100/chapter/what-is-reflection/

Yes we can Soft set is the special case of Hypersoft Set.

The definition of Hypersoft Set is mapping say F,

F: A_1×A_2×A_3....×A_n to P(U)

Here each A_i is further classified.

Where's in case of Soft Set A_i are not further categorize.

Assessing students remotely became very challenging.

look at:

Hope this helps... Its a good paper by Parker et al. 2007.

Please check some of the works done by Prof. Ganesh Devy

You could have a look at the theoretical framework proposed by Hart (2008) which blends critical discourse analysis (CDA) and metaphor. In his article, Hart (2008) demonstrated his framework by applying the CDA of metaphors on a selected British National Party’s manifesto.

Hart, C. (2008). Critical discourse analysis and metaphor: Toward a theoretical framework. Critical Discourse Studies, 5(2), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405900801990058

Good luck,

Robert Borges its good Lib, but its not working when we deal with private groups. i think there is a bug when we want to login

From my point of view, sexism is appreciated daily. In my case, I am aware of and witness to behaviors of this type when, for example, I find myself alone as a woman in front of a group of men, that's when I express phrases like: '' make us something to eat '', '' clean this up '' ', etc. Even at the wheel when a woman is driving, we see and hear unequal treatment by gender. Although the greatest examples are seen in the different domestic tasks spread around the home, in the media and in workplaces, when women are emphasized and given to understand that they always have to be beautiful and attractive to '' attract '' the public in some way or another.

The link by Sotiris Folinas may be of help

Perhaps Koray Caliskan can help you. He is on Research Gate.

As time shows religion has made a comeback in the Middle East. But as far as time is concerned, religion has never been a factor in our poetry. They being more secular. It remains to be seen whether because of politics, poetry too will be effected by the change.

PROJECT

A NEW BOOK ON CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR THEORY BY ZOLTÁN KÖVECSES

Here is a brief description of the book:

The phenomenon known as metaphor is an extremely complex mental event - we cannot capture its complexity if we tie ourselves to existing standard views on metaphor. This book offers fresh insight into metaphor, updating an established theory, conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), in the context of current cognitive linguistic theory, and clarifying many of the issues that researchers in the study of metaphor have raised against conceptual metaphor theory. Starting with an introduction to CMT, the subsequent chapters set out propositions for Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory, including a discussion on whether literal language exists at all, whether conceptual metaphors are both conceptual and contextual, and whether they are both offline and online. Providing a fresh take on a constantly developing field, this study will enrich the work of researchers in areas ranging from metaphorical cognition to literary studies.

Source of work cited: (https://www.researchgate.net/project/A-new-book-on-conceptual-metaphor-theory?replyToId=6012d454b425ca00016ed39b)

Gourgen Karapetyan

I wonder if you’ve come across (Translating War Literature and Memory in France and Britain from the 1940s to the 1960s), 2019 by Angela Kershaw. I think it an excellent study which will also help you locate other valuable references.

It has been established that vague sets are intuitionistic fuzzy sets in an article:

H.Bustince and P.Burillo: Vague sets are intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fuzzy sets and systems, 79(3), (1996), pp. 403-405.

This article provides the answer.

I would go for one of the books below:

1. Critical Discourse Analysis (2020) by Michael Farrelly (Sage)

2. The Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: an Introduction (2013) by Meriel Bloor and Thomas Bloor (Routledge)

The spoken text expresses discourse and usage more than the written text, which can describe the discourse, not its pragmatic analysis, while all the discursive formats are clear from the written because it represents a continuous documented system

Discourse and text: linguistic and intertextual analysis within discourse analysis .

Dear Read it would be helpful.

There is apparent divarication between development of science and development of society as longtime freewheeling of royal substantiation and perfection of temporal orthodoxy. we have to admit nowaday development of science indulged too much in royal substantiation & perfection of temporal orthodoxy, but almost out of normal way to push artificial ideology abut authenticity of nature forward to perfect ideological enantiomorph of ultimate authenticity of nature. For you see, nowaday authoritative intrepidity of temporal orthodoxy is all-time, social economics has to pay them all the necessity, whereas, how much living development of science can proportionably pay back to social economics? such as the Big Bang, Black Hole Theory, Dark matter theory, gravitational wave discovery, and so on. They are hoax and hoax under egotistic guide of temporal science aristocrat who are mostly the second-string geniuses of the age!!

All in all, what you said will be even worse if development of science indulges in royal substantiation and perfection of temporal under dress of temporal science aristocrat who are mostly the second-string geniuses of the age.

thanks a lot Florian!

Hi dear friends,

Thank you very much for sharing the great information with me.

There are nowadays digital sources in most of the European archives, including for the II World War. For Germany consult https://www.bundesarchiv.de/EN/ Navigation/ Use/Using-specific-types/Military-Records/military-records-en.html

For The Netherlands, you can access The Netherlands Institute for War Documentation at http://www.niod.nl/

For France, try searching at http://www.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/archives-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale

With respect to our students as our future: For focusing is clear if marketer understands that, there are cyclic behaviors, there are economical fashion periods, there are global economic drivers with certain period, and some another basic conditions. But then the real hard work starts. To make analysis, to discover the real reasons of processes, and to find correct answers.

I suggest you start with a theoretical framework to analyze the narrative construction of the texts you choose to examine. Think of Robert E. Longacre’s Text Generation and Text Analysis or his taxonomy regarding plot structure. Once you decide on a theoretical framework, you can then adapt it to examine patriarchal narratives or any other type. By the way, Longacre studies biblical discourses extensively and published papers as well as a book on the Joseph narrative.

I suggest Text World Theory and/or Menatl Space Theory. However, modality itself due to its categories and subcategories makes a very good theoretical framework for the analysis of any discourse.

Dear, Nursyakirah Nordin , Jean-Claude Abric, there is a study on social practices and representations that may be useful. La Théorie des Représentations Sociales: orientations conceptuelles, champs d'applications et méthodes