Disasters - Science topic

Hint: Basics of Capacity Development for Disaster Risk Reduction by CADRi identified basics for capacity and capacity development.

In my opinion, armed conflicts, persecution, natural disasters and a lack of economic prospects force millions of people to leave their homes, leading to humanitarian crises and migratory pressure. These complex and often overlapping problems force people to seek refuge and safety outside their home countries. Armed conflicts such as civil wars and ethnic and religious conflicts are the main cause of these crises, forcing civilians to flee from violence and military conscription. Persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation or political beliefs also forces people to leave their homes, where they experience violence and discrimination. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, droughts and hurricanes destroy entire communities, depriving people of their homes and livelihoods. Lack of economic prospects, such as high unemployment and poverty, also force people to migrate in search of a better life abroad. The migratory pressure resulting from these factors leads to many problems, such as humanitarian crises, pressure on host countries, difficulties in integrating refugees and migrants, and social tensions. An effective solution to this problem requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach, including conflict prevention, protection of human rights, provision of humanitarian aid, support for the integration of refugees and migrants, and international cooperation. Research plays an important role in solving this problem, helping to understand the causes and consequences of migration, develop new solutions and analyse the effectiveness of different strategies.

And what do you think about it?

What is your opinion on this matter?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I am in research on bluetooth and smartphones technology as essential and quick tools that give information and data on stream and real-time before, during and natural disasters .

Vasilis Kanellopoulos

PhD student and researcher

Hello

Kindly I need articles concerning death confirmation process during a disaster

I tried to search but only I found articles related to identification not the confirmation of death during major incident and disaster

All the best

We see the Los Angeles area experiencing extreme drought and storm winds that carry embers from spontaneous fires into densely populated forested hills and valleys.

The scientific community is invited to urgently address this question:

“What technologies could be deployed to help extinguish these fires as well as prevent the recurrence of such disasters?”

Faced with the emergency situation currently observed in California, we need transdisciplinary knowledge, reflections and exchanges of experiences, as in the development of knowledge on fundamental rights (my main subject of interest).

Let's share ideas on this topic to propose solutions to these complex problems for our common protection.

Special Issue title: Satellite Remote Sensing for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting

Dear Colleagues,

Satellite remote sensing has changed meteorological science by allowing detailed and solid observation of Earth’s atmospheric and surface conditions. The climate change-driven increase in meteorological disasters like floods, droughts, heatwaves and wildfires makes remote sensing fundamental for monitoring, analyzing and forecasting such events. Satellite technology advancements provide crucial knowledge for disaster management, enhancing understanding and improving early warning systems. State-of-the-art monitoring and forecasting techniques are needed to mitigate possible impacts.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent developments in the use of satellite remote sensing for the monitoring and forecasting of meteorological disasters. It is expected to address core areas of geospatial science and environmental monitoring. Invited contributions may cover innovative techniques, data integration methods, and case studies that highlight the application of remote sensing for real-time disaster tracking, early warning, and post-disaster assessment.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. To provide a versatile survey of satellite remote sensing for meteorological disaster monitoring and forecasting, we invite submissions across a range of topics, including (but not limited to) the following:

Hi all, I will be grateful if anybody could suggest notable scholars to follow for my research in post disaster reconstruction/recovery after earthquake or/and any other valuable suggestions? Thank You in advance

Doctors have just taken the Earth's "vital signs." And the prognosis is not good.

In an annual climate report published in the journal Bioscience, an international team of scientists warn that humanity is "on the brink of an irreversible climate disaster," as we fail to stop the worst of the environmental impacts.

Right now, of the 35 planetary vital signs that scientists track annually, 25 are at the worst levels ever recorded, the report found.

If left unaddressed, the result of these changes will be massively destabilizing to human and nonhuman life, with societal collapse now emerging as a serious possibility.

All you that read this must enlist with TPEOM to fight this ““Greenhouse Effect global Enemy of humanity!

We Must ‘Fight this NOW!

This Enemy is now killing you man, killing your family, robbing you of your home, car water and required foods for your life.

Join with TPEOM>http://www.tgmncsb.com/join_TPEOM.html

توضيح المشكلات النفسية في ظل الحروب والكوارث

Are increasing the costs of disasters in the affected countries.

To comparison across time and space, with same routes of Fail From Grace. Is there was certain events, some mishaps, natural disasters? Even the latter, natural disasters have always been happening long before. This is not a survival or inspiration story, but a playbook on how era at the top its notch slip and crumble to the point of no return or non-exist anymore.

If we have a playbook steps to success, could there be a playbook described steps to fail. Is those fallen lands have been using this same playbook? Similarities and differences will be extracted from past history across regions, cultures, religions, space and time.

the role of MSMEs in emergency supply chain management?

I am currently working on my MSc. Dissertation on the recent GLOF disaster which occurred in my state. Even with literature review I am unable to understand the methodology and process of the analysis.

I know that I require the river volume=Area * Depth.

How should I go about getting the area and depth, would it require the use of Dem?

Women are the most vulnerable part of society against the various climatic risks, which is a reality and has already been proved by researchers. But it is also true that they play a crucial role in facing risks through their resilient capability by using minimal capital assets available to them. Household adaptation can't be thought of by keeping them aside. Therefore, adaptation can only be enhanced and completed by considering their contribution. Women's roles in adaptive capacity development in South Asia are really critical areas that deserve more attention and advertisement, which could contribute to increased awareness and empowerment. hashtag#DisasterPreparedness hashtag#GenderEquality hashtag#SouthAsia hashtag#Awarness hashtag#WomenEmpowerment

I am currently looking up the different guidelines and policies existing for vulnerable population and evacuation centre (shelters) and experiences. We assume that plan, setup and managing evacuation centres (shelters) for disaster affected people are regulated by Disaster Risk Reduction related regulations in each country, but usually this is for general population. I am just wondering if there is another set of policy or guideline existing focusing on vulnerable population as I am familiar with the Japanese case that they have guidelines for this population since 2008. If you know any information on this, could you please share with myself? Thank you,

Mayumi

psychological variables that varies with disaster proneness

Monthly probabilistic analysis map of earthquake with a magnitude>4 in Iran (from March 23 to April 23, 2024) Applied Research Institute of Natural Disasters and Risk Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

Dear Colleagues. I propose to create an international Academy for forecasting earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

The main goal of the Academy: the theory and practice of predicting disasters associated with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Unlike seismology, the Academy has an important task: preserving people’s lives and minimizing moral and material damage.

All disputes over national and religious reasons are prohibited at the Academy.

What do you say about this?

An important issue concerning the prospects for the development of artificial intelligence technology and its applications is also the question of obtaining by the built intelligent systems taught to perform highly complex tasks based on generative artificial intelligence a certain range of independence and self-improvement, repairing certain randomly occurring faults, errors, system failures, etc. For many years, there have been deliberations and discussions on the issue of obtaining a greater range of autonomy in making certain decisions on self-improvement, repair of system faults, errors caused by random external events by systems built on the basis of generative artificial intelligence technology. On the one hand, if there are built and developed, for example, security systems built on the basis of generative artificial intelligence technology in public institutions or commercially operating business entities providing a certain category of security for people, it is an important issue to give these intelligent systems a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making if in a situation of a serious crisis, natural disaster, geological disaster, earthquake, flood, fire, etc. a human being could make a decision too late relative to the much greater speed of response that an automated, intelligent, specific security, emergency response, early warning system for specific new risks, risk management system, crisis management system, etc. can have. However, on the other hand, whether a greater degree of self-determination is given to an automated, intelligent information system, including a specified security system then the scale of the probability of a failure occurring that will cause changes in the operation of the system with the result that the specified automated, intelligent and generative artificial intelligence-based system may be completely out of human control. In order for an automated system to quickly return to correct operation on its own after the occurrence of a negative, crisis external factor causing a system failure, then some scope of autonomy and self-decision-making for the automated, intelligent system should be given. However, to determine what this scope of autonomy should be is to first carry out a multifaceted analysis and diagnosis on the impact factors that can act as risk factors and cause malfunction, failure of the operation of an intelligent information system. Besides, if, in the future, generative artificial intelligence technology is enriched with super-perfect general artificial intelligence technology, then the scope of autonomy given to an intelligent information system that has been built with the purpose of automating the operation of a risk management system, providing a high level of safety for people may be high. However, if at such a stage in the development of super-perfect general artificial intelligence technology, however, an incident of system failure due to certain external or perhaps also internal factors were to occur, then the negative consequences of such a system slipping out of human control could be very large and currently difficult to assess. In this way, the paradox of building and developing systems developed within the framework of super-perfect general artificial intelligence technology may be realized. This paradox is that the more perfect, automated, intelligent system will be built by a human, an information system far beyond the capacity of the human mind, the capacity of a human to process and analyze large sets of data and information is, on the one hand, because such a system will be highly perfect it will be given a high level of autonomy to make decisions on crisis management, to make decisions on self-repair of system failure, to make decisions much faster than the capacity of a human in this regard, and so on. However, on the other hand, when, despite the low level of probability of an abnormal event, the occurrence of an external factor of a new type, the materialization of a new category of risk, which will nevertheless cause the effective failure of a highly intelligent system then this may lead to such a system being completely out of human control. The consequences, including, first of all, the negative consequences for humans of such a slipping of an already highly autonomous intelligent information system based on super general artificial intelligence, would be difficult to estimate in advance.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

The key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technologies are described in my article below:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Thank you,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Could someone please advise me how to get permission to use the questionnaires in my country for my dissertation research? These are the questionnaires:

Nurses' Perceptions of Disaster Core Competencies Scale

Disaster Respond Self - Efficacy Scale

Clinical Decision-Making Self-Confidence Scale

What do you mean by socioeconomic?

Hello,

With everything that is happening at the moment on our dear planet Earth (disasters, late or early seasons...).

Do you think humans have made their Earth "crazy", disrupted it, or is it just rebalancing and repairing the damage?

It's overtly now evident that wildfire is presenting a record-high challenge to the collective existence of the human race and its environment (ecosystem). Currently, five countries are battling with prevailing wildfires never seen before in history with accompanying/ associated disaster complications affecting everything, including environmental air qualities thousands of miles away from its primary affected disaster location or country (e.g Chile-February 2023, Spain-March 2023, Russia-May 2023, USA-June,2023, Canada-June 2023). Therefore, it is now more than ever very important as a matter of emergency that public health professionals and the research communities come together to proffer strategic effective solutions to response, recovery, and prevention across the world.

Policy paper

Research topics in coal mining disaster

I want to study on the topic of conflict and disaster related topic for the thesis of m-phil or phD level. So in want to select topic for the research.

Bangladesh is one of the highest risk countries regarding natural disaster. Specially Chittagong, Barisal and Khulna area's are continuously submerging below sea level. Every year, a normal rainfall is creating a record breaking flood.

Dear Researcher,

I am working on "Socio-economic Impacts of Climate Change Induced Disaster: A Study on the Coastal area of Bangladesh", Appreciate your any kind of support/advice to fulfill my tasks.

There are many differences between a word and its concepts (Word's Masks)

First: We have a new word classification:

(1) Enduring Business Themes (EBTs) that are enduring, stable, unified, continuous, and ultimate goals, each has a rule of conduct and essential discoveries words—for Example, Friendship, Love, Marriage, Thinking, Retaliation, and others.

(2) Business Objects (BOs) that are Stable internally and adaptable externally; each has a beginning and end, each has an ultimate goal that can be positive or negative, and each has a rule of conducts moderate level) and unknown to all. -- Unfortunately, many people don't know them.

Words. We add "Any" to each BO. For example -- Any Project, Any Proposal, Any Culture, Any Data, any others

(3) Industrial Objects (IOs) or Application Objects (AOs) are tangible and changeable. Unfortunately, and currently building and developing everything based on them. (Disasters), Well-known to most people, Has no value -- The strange thing is people say I love my car or smoking; some have side effects or high impacts on society, such as Oil, Drugs, and other concepts—for example, Specific Novels, Conference Tables, Mac Book, etc.

Concepts of BOs.

(4) EBTs + BOs = Core Knowledge. Our focus is on EBTs, BOs, and Core Knowledge words.

Second: Any word has many concepts (word's masks). Each word has many different concepts based on your education, background, beliefs, agenda, culture, etc.

Third: Any word is stable, and a concept is unstable over time.

Fourth: Any word is unified (Innovation and not known), and a concept is not. For example, any "Account" as a word, a bank account, email account, investment account, and others with different data and knowledge and unify as "an account." with more than 50 innovative keys. Each professional in the various account concepts knows an account's innovative (Creative) keys.

Fifth: Therefore, any word is stable, unified, and ultimate, and the Concepts of a word are changeable over time.

Unfortunately, all your knowledge you know is the concepts of the word "word's masks,"

Earthquakes are natural disasters with destructive effects that leave many negative effects on humans, the environment and the economy. They kill many people, due to the inability to predict them before they happen.

The earthquake results in catastrophic economic effects, and the economic damage includes losses of capital assets and infrastructure such as housing, schools, factories, equipment, roads, dams and bridges. Human capital is being depleted by loss of life, loss of skilled workers, and destruction of educational facilities, which disrupts studies. The country's natural resources may also be harmed. As a result of the recurrence of natural disasters, individuals and local communities may resort to a kind of “adaptive behavior” that will result in more economic losses. Farmers may invest less to increase the productivity of their land located in drought-prone areas for fear of losing their investment. In addition to the damage left by earthquakes regarding the infrastructure of the affected areas, it causes economic suffering due to the damage to many economic sectors.

The catastrophe is also exacerbated, especially in poor countries that suffer from internal conflicts and wars. It exacerbates the vulnerabilities of the population in the face of crises and natural disasters. This causes a severe deterioration in the humanitarian situation, especially food security and the danger of residential buildings. Vulnerable segments of the population such as women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities, as well as the poor, have been hit hard.

Leveraging AI for humanitarian purposes requires careful consideration of local contexts, building sustainable partnerships, and ensuring technology benefits marginalized communities without perpetuating dependency or harm.

Hello all,

We are looking for colleagues to conduct studies on to find out the psychological consequences of natural disasters on women and adolescent samples.

We aim to make the researches comprehensive and internationally collaborative project, particularly by soliciting contributions from researchers in different disciplines of mental health field.

Therefore, we welcome those who are interested in joining the project. We kindly request you to share your interest and suggestions related to the topic.

Please drop me message. I'll turn back as soon as possible.

I am looking at how Blockchain can improve the humanitarian supply chain in post disaster scenario.

Dear researchers, A question.

What is the role of the United Nations and its specialized organizations in protecting the environment in war zones, especially since most of the factories and projects that are established in such an environment are outside all regulatory specifications that take into account environmental conditions?????. Shouldn't the United Nations be more efficient and effective, especially with the increase in climate disasters???.

Humans are often plagued with extreme weather events e.g. hurricane, heat wave, drought and flood. Is flooding a natural or man-made disaster? Sharing is caring!!!

for civil engineering project

How can food security be improved in regions that are vulnerable to drought, famine, and other environmental disasters?

Based on disaster resilience road- landslide, slope stabilization.

1. Because disaster adaptation strategy scale requires expensive material.

2. Disaster adaptation strategic scale is required for research.

3. Expensive tools

((Preparedness[tiab]) OR (preparation[tiab]) OR (Prepare) OR (Preparing) OR (“Emergency Preparedness”) OR (“Disaster preparedness”) OR (Preparedness AND Emergency) OR (Readiness[tiab])) AND ((Violence) OR (“Sexual violence” [tiab]) OR (“Sexual Violences” [tiab]) OR (“Sexual abuse” [tiab]) OR (“Sexual Abuses” [tiab]) OR (Sexual[tiab] AND violence[tiab]) OR (Violences[tiab] AND Sexual[tiab]) OR (“Sexual Assault”[tiab]) OR (Assault AND Sexual) OR (Assaults AND Sexual) OR (“Sexual Assaults”[tiab]) OR (Abuse[tiab] AND Sexual[tiab]) OR (Abuses[tiab] AND Sexual[tiab]) OR (“Assaultive Behavior” AND sexual) OR (“Gender Based Violence”[tiab]) OR (“Gender-Based Violence”[tiab]) OR (Gender-based[tiab] AND Violence[tiab]) OR (“Violence Exposure”[tiab] AND sexual[tiab]) OR (“Violence Exposure”[tiab]) OR (Abuse AND Physical) OR (“Physical Violence”) OR (Violence AND Physical) OR (“Physical Maltreatment” AND abuse) OR (“Physical Maltreatment”) OR (“Physical Maltreatment” AND sexual) OR (“sexual maltreat”) OR (“Reproductive health”) OR (sexual AND “reproductive health”) OR (Post-rape) OR (“Post-rape care”) OR (Rape[tiab]) OR (“gang rape”) OR (“sexual coercion”) OR (“Opportunistic violence”) OR (“Violence against women”) OR (“Violence experiences”[tiab]) OR (“Violence cases”) OR (“Sexual harassment”) OR (“Violence reduction”) OR (“Intimate partner violence”) OR (“intimate partner” AND violence) OR (“Violence against women”) OR (Violence AND “against women”)) AND ((Disater[tiab]) OR (“Natural disasters” [tiab]) OR (“Disaster setting”

[tiab]) OR (“Disaster settings” [tiab]) OR (Cyclones) OR (“Tropical Cyclones”) OR (Earthquakes) OR (disaster-stricken) OR (post-disaster) OR (post-earthquake) OR (Earthquake) OR (Refugee) OR (Displacement) OR (Floods) OR (Flood) OR (Migrants) OR (“Asylum seekers”) OR (firestorm) OR (firestorms) OR (duststorms) OR (“dust storm”) OR (dust-storm) OR (hurricanes) OR (hurricane) OR (tornadoes) OR (tornado) OR (volcanic) OR (eruptions) OR (tsunamis) OR (tsunami) OR (storms) OR (storm) OR (crisis[tiab])) AND (1990:2021[pdat])

I conducted research on the effects of natural disasters on credit growth, using 2008-2022 panel data. All of my independent variables are represented in the lag, and I also include the lag dependent variable as a regressor. When comparing the coefficient of lag dependent variable between GMM, OLS, and FEM, with GMM are always greater than FEM and OLS. Is there an explanation for this condition? Is there any treatment that can be done so that the GMM value is between OLS and FEM?

Disaster and Evacuation Management

1. Maritime disaster

2. Earthquake

3. Volcanic eruption

4. Cyclone

5. Flood

6. Landslide.

Dear all,

Turkey has been hit by several major earthquakes. Thousands of people died, millions lost their dearest and their homes. Turkey is trying to recover from both the figurative and real ruins. What would you suggest to do, both to academics and students affected by these earthquakes, to utilize academic studies to recover from these disasters? Thank you very much in advance.

Best wishes

Pleased to share "Call for Chapters" for my Book Edit titled "Using Crises and Disasters as Opportunities for Innovation and Improvement". Contributions are invited from the potential authors related to the innovations and improvements in various domains including Healthcare, Education, Remote Work, Environment, Social Connections, etc. The detailed call for chapters can be found below.

Use of social network before during and after natural disasters.

Natural disaster challenges and the future of humanity.

Nonfunctional Requirements or Quality Factors of Any Concept

Any concept's (and any domain Knowledge's) functional and nonfunctional's requirements represent the problem space, and we don't know how to define and state (disaster) that corresponds to what we will do with any concept.

Both functional and nonfunctional are executable.

[1]

Nonfunctional requirements have 10+ innovative keys and essential properties:

1. Quality, morals, and beauty factors

2. Enduring themes

3. Positive goals

4. Unified System (Unification)

5. Relevance

6. Control the functional requirements. and behavior of the concept

7. Evaluation and Assessment

8. Measurement -- Qualitative Measurements

9. Descriptive Adequacy (Unified, stable, final Definition of any concept)

10. Executable

11. Positive Energy

10. Branding

11. Uniqueness

Does anyone know the nonfunctional requirements of Any Concept or Any Domain Knowledge? The answer is NO.

Innovative knowledge:

Nonfunctional requirements are a creative key that we must explore.

Therefore, this is an invitation for gurus and experts to collaborate and write an entire book on any concept or domain knowledge.

What emotional sensations do you have caused by changes in Nature associated with global warming, the growth of natural disasters, the emergence and spread of new pandemics in recent years?

This short questionnaire will take you no more than a couple of minutes. Your reward will be to find out what other respondents think about this problem. The results of the questionnaire will be open to all respondents.

With respect,

Roman Mylostyvyi

Although it's not an easy task to define time. But apparently is seems that if we have information at one end of the system and depending upon the system properties at the other end, we can see change; that is reflection of system properties. Let's us assume if system does not affect information at all so it does not matter how much so-called time passes, we will have same information at the other end of system. Similarly, events occur only due to manmade or apparently natural disasters. If there is system or environment that does not affect properties at all for any given input at any specific time, we will not observe any change at the output or as an observer at the other end and we can say no time passed. I think time is just a reflection of system properties.

Almost various countries in the world are currently experiencing ecosystem and environmental damage. Various phenomena of natural change have resulted in humans seeking solutions to overcome them, through scientific research and development. Various tools are used to solve existing problems ranging from appropriate technology to environmentally friendly technology with various perspectives and expert reviews. However, natural disasters are becoming more frequent, and people are getting used to it so they think of it as an ordinary natural phenomenon. Sometimes we are less alert and pay less attention. Whether it's the government, the general public, the business world or other stakeholders who only talk about it when it happens and then disappear in a matter of time. Then it is replaced with various discussions about other phenomena which actually sometimes have the same cause. Do we still care about survival in this universe, and work on how to continue life for the present and future generations

I want to know about any tests or methods that can used to estimate the impact of natural disaster, urbanization, and agriculture. The data is three census survey between (1990-1995), (2000-2005) and (2010-2015) of 24 countries.

Dear researchers, A question.

What is the role of the United Nations and its specialized organizations in protecting the environment in war zones, especially since most of the factories and projects that are established in such an environment are outside all regulatory specifications that take into account environmental conditions?????. Shouldn't the United Nations be more efficient and effective, especially with the increase in climate disasters???.

New point of view

New disaster

New term

Argument

You can post it here... :)

Remote sensing, mapping, modeling, Disaster

Four colors of disaster triage methods like START Triage are RED, YELLOW, GREEN, BLACK, from first level of emergency to 4th level according to priority of treatment or transfer of the victim.

I have seen many applications of ecological niche models, especially within the context of spatial epidemiology and vector-borne diseases. I was wondering can such models find an application in other domains (i.e., social science problems with point occurrence data e.g., crimes, or in disasters even) beyond geographies of species?

Please give some application cases and describe basic framework, principle and workflow.

Any supporting documents/articles or links relating to this are highly preferred. Thank you in advance!

Why it is important in Pakistan that teacher and education must equip with disaster risk management

In my country, more than a dozen years ago or more, there were real winters with snow and frost after the autumn. Whereas last winter, during the last few years it looked like autumn, without snow and positive temperatures. I think that the greenhouse effect, ie the warming of the Earth's climate, has already begun. This is also confirmed by numerous climatic cataclysms and weather anomalies, which in the current year 2018 appear in numerous places on the Earth. In some parts of the Earth there are fires of huge forest areas such as in Scandinavia, California in the USA, Australia, the Iberian Peninsula, Africa, etc. In addition, weather anomalies, e.g. snow and floods in October and November in the south of Europe.

In addition, tornadoes in many places on Earth and so on.

Perhaps these problems will get worse. It is necessary to improve security systems and anti-crisis services, improve the prediction of these anomalies and climatic cataclysms so that people can, have managed to shelter or cope with the imminent cataclysm. One of the technologies that can help in more precise forecasting of these cataclysms is the processing of large collections of historical and current information on this subject in the cloud computing technology in Big Data database systems.

Therefore, I am asking you: Will new data processing technologies in Big Data database systems allow for accurate prediction of climate disasters?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

I would like to simulate a disaster environment. Can any one provide me a dataset for urban/sub-urban uneven terrain please.

The most frequent land movement/ landslide disasters have been linked to the residual soil on the hills. Most formulas developed for sedimentary soil. Please help me on how to determine mechanical properties of residual soil, which are mainly help to determine the landslid.

In the year of 2014 the 21st Century Science & Technology Associates celebrated 150 years of Volodymyr Ivanovych Vernadsky, by publishing the two-volume anthology of original translations of His works. Meghan Rouillard wrote a very nice Introduction in first volume of “The Biosphere”, under the title “150 Years of Vernadsky: A Scientist for Mankind's Future”. Nowadays, 159 years later, the existence of the biosphere is endangered like it never was since the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. However, in that time, there were two very strong but, at the same time, very wise leaders of former USSR and USA. They were Soviet First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev and US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, who both wisely and bravely pulled the “handbrakes”, almost at last moment before nuclear disaster.

So, let’s go back for a while on Volodymyr Ivanovych Vernadsky.He is definitely very important person for nations, the Ukrainians, and both for the Russians.Not just because he is considered as one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and radiogeology. Not just because of his work and his formation in the company of Vasily Dokuchaev, the founder of soil science and, also in the company of Alexey Pavlov, famous Russian geologist and palaeontologist who became famous by his works in stratigraphy, but because of Vernadsky’s importance in scientific heritage of both now warring states, Russia and Ukraine. Volodymyr Ivanovych Vernadsky was born in the year of 1863 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. His family moved from Kyiv to Saint Petersburg because of his father was Russian Imperial economist and he get the position of Active State Councillor in the Governing Senate in St. Petersburg, but it is very important to emphasize that his mother was a noblewoman of Ukrainian Cossack descent and even, according to some family legends the ancestors of his father were Zaporozhian Cossacks. In 1912 Volodymyr Ivanovych Vernadsky became a member of the Russian and later Soviet Academy of Sciences and in 1918 he founded the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv.

Some historians of science will probably say, with irony, that Vernadsky had advisory role in Soviet atomic bomb project. Yes, he had, but this is not the point of this letter. However, considering the life of Vernadsky in constellation of current invasion of Russian military forces on Ukraine, everybody should wonder; - How many of our Ukrainian colleagues, with similar life stories, are right now under the fire of Russian tanks, jets, battleships, artillery and all the monstrous facilities and devices for spraying the death and destruction, and, how close we are all to nuclear war, considering the statements of President Vladimir Putin and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov? Moreover, right now the Russian forces occupied the biggest nuclear power plant in Zaporizhia, after the shelling the facility today morning (Friday, March 4, 2022) and that is happening 36 years after the world’s biggest nuclear disaster in Chernobyl in 1986.

My fellow Russian colleagues, please raise your voice against that war in Ukraine because of all your Ukrainian colleagues. Because of all the families you know in Ukraine. Raise your voice because of your country and your nation, because of freedom, because of world peace. Maybe you think there is nothing you can do. Trust me you can do a lot, because I am quite sure you clearly remember famous Russian writer Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, a strong critic of political repression in Soviet Union. Please, raise your voice because the scientists all over the world as intellectual elite of every country must raise their voices against any kind of political ponerology, and finally, raise your voice because "All tyranny needs to gain a foothold is for people of good conscience to remain silent." Thomas Jefferson.

Dr Siniša Srečec, Križevci College of Agriculture, M. Demerca 1, HR-48260 Križevci, Croatia. ssrecec@vguk.hr

We are inviting researchers to be associate with us for a new project on hospital preparedness during a disaster

To Everyone out there - thank you for your comments in advance. I welcome all comments and suggestions.

I am involved in a project studying country/region level catastrophe response systems.

To be clear, I need to clarify my use of the term catastrophe.

Insurance companies define disaster and catastrophe differently. There are 2 main contextual differences.

Disasters are predicable and local.

Catastrophes are widespread (regions, country wide) and not predictable.

Disaster Example: Tornadoes in Oklahoma

Catastrophe Example: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Our research is trying to codify differences in the context of (for example) widespread floods, fires, hurricanes, cyclones, wind events, chemical spills, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc. impacting a large geographic area.

Catastrophe Response:

Here is our Main Area of Inquiry (let's call this Q1):

In your country, when there is a large scale catastrophe, what international, country or regional Institutions are in control and what is the scope of their control (to what level are they responsible for the response)? Please clarify if they are governmental or public/private organizations. Also, are they local, regional or national? What does it take to elevate a regional catastrophe to receive country level (national) response? To what degree is the response elevated to international response?

Here is our Secondary Area of Inquiry (let's call this Q2):

To what degree are independent, non-governmental or local response organizations involved? (UN, Red Cross, local NGOs). If they are involved, how responsible are they (in a percentage compared to a government agency or military role)? In a catastrophe, to what extent (% response) is left up to local businesses, regional governments, local citizens?

We welcome ALL answers, comments and questions.

Thank you.

MT

Searching for references that uses socioecological system for disaster impact assessment, supply chain networks and resilience assessment.

The NLN (National League for Nursing) has tools from 2005. I am currently looking for something more current, if it is available. The focus of the research is to see if learning, perception, and attitudes change in nursing students from a community college after experiencing a multidisciplinary mock disaster drill with community professionals as mentors.

There is an growing concern of natural disasters due to climate change contributors e.g. dependency on fossil fuels. The role the green infrastructure particularly on engineered solution or grey infrastructure as measure in mitigation tool.

Media plays a very important role in every stage of disaster management. How can media involve itself or what is the the role that media can play to reduce the disaster risk.

Working analysing technological disasters impacts, always the question about causation emerges. When it is about environmental data, a possible path is try to establish a proxy or a baseline and make comparative analysis. But what abou socioeconomic impacts? It is possible to establishe causation without a control group? How do you eliminate the impact of other external variables in the analysis?

For example, it is possible to evaluate the impact on health or income in a population hitted by a disaster, such as a mining dam collapse, without a control group?

Disaster, Youth, Research Topic

13 October is the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction with a commentary at https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202010/international-day-disaster-risk-reduction and some papers on disaster risk governance at:

1. Ladakh https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.001

2. Health http://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.729

3. Pacific islands https://apjjf.org/-Ilan-Kelman/4406

4. Climate change https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118451694.ch20

What aspects of disaster (risk) governance are especially understudied?

Does Disaster Risk Reduction Education is the systematic process of reducing disaster risk and take necessary action to minimize the disaster affects

Who Creates Disaster?

How do we measure disaster risk?

How does development create disaster risk?

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Before Jun-2013-Kedarnath Disaster