Disaster Risk Management - Science topic

Sazi Gcabashe

Disaster mitigation and preparedness are impacted by the political-administrative dichotomy because political leaders and administrators often have different priorities. Politicians might focus on short-term gains and popularity, while administrators typically aim for long-term planning and efficient implementation. This can lead to delays, inadequate preparation, and inconsistent responses to disasters, as their differing agendas and approaches can cause conflicts and inefficiencies.

Dear Roman,

Thank you for your inquiry. We appreciate your interest in our publication International Journal of Disaster Risk Management. The next issue is scheduled to be published in June. We are working diligently to bring you high-quality content, and we're excited to share it with our readers.

Stay tuned for updates, and we hope you enjoy the upcoming issue!

Best regards

Ensure that all these topics are connected https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2017-0043

Dariusz Prokopowicz - Nice topic. Information Communication Technologies ... ICT. The term has been around long enough, however, often overlooked is the wide-ranging level of ICT infrastructure that operate in our global environment. Within certain areas/ hubs one can see very advanced ICT systems providing real-time risk analyses based on multiple scenarios, etc .... others .... not so much. Users may sometimes fall under the presumption that all ICT systems are equal thus provide the same level of feedback and analyses.

The potential for further improvement may lie within increased use of AI to self-interrogate and identify changing risk profiles and/or threats.

Because Pakistan is a very disaster prone country, due to multiple hazards including earthquakes, floods, landslides, etc.

see these links below:

https://python.plainenglish.io/creating-a-custom-corpus-928789c089e7

A Supervolcano is a term that refers to a type of volcano that has a magma chamber that is a thousand times larger than that of a conventional volcano and therefore has the largest and most voluminous eruptions on Earth.

In my opinion, one of the types of business entities in which the importance of integrated risk management has been increasing since the 1990s, including various categories of financial risk and IT system risk, are financial institutions, including commercial banks.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Institutional capabilities and economic aspects of disaster resilience need aggressive measures. Also, large cross-regional inequity is an issue, which needs immediate attention.

See

Recommend the following Technical Paper by Prof. Mikio Ishiwatari

Are cost-benefit analyses, including for warnings, of interest https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.08.004 as case studies?

For warnings more generally, some thoughts, especially considering warnings beyond 'early' and 'systems':

1. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610654329

2. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-12-2017-0318

3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8598-3_5

We have also ju.st founded the UCL Warning Research Centre https://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/sts-people/sts-academics/fearnley-carina/warning-research-centre led by Carina Fearnley

...evo još nešto...

Satellite Observation and Climate Model Simulation...Zou, C. Z. (2018). Satellite Observation and Climate Model Simulation of Global Warming Process. AGUFM, 2018, C53B-07.

i think the attitude and positivism of the community and their leaders is one big factor to add.

The causes of flooding, relative environmental impacts, root causes and corrective measures are likely to vary among nations. However, it is important to identify the unique characteristics of the area of subject as they relate to flooding. With this, potent flood risk management actions could be taken.

See how Malawi can apply pragmatically and practically the importance of placing climate change adaptation as a subset of disaster risk reduction and sustainability:

(a) https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2017-0043

(b) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0046-5

(c) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0038-5

(d) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2294-0

(e) https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-Handbook-of-Disaster-Risk-Reduction-Including-Climate-Change/Kelman-Mercer-Gaillard/p/book/9781138924567

(f) http://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.729

Much of what we have found is that these issues will be contextual:

1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2003.00233.x

2. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2011.590877

3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2008.00529.x

4. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-715X.2009.13.247-265

5. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2011.8

Without denying the reality of physical limits to survival, much is about perceptions, contexts, who exactly is affected, and how they are affected. See also http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/95884/D.01.06.%20Transitional%20Settlement%20Displaced%20Populations_%20OXFAM%20and%20Shelter%20Centre.pdf from the settlement and shelter sector. Nonetheless, discussions regarding Sphere have long debated the positives and negatives of clearly delineated quantitative standards and, thus far, have retained this approach.

I think it could be Disaster Risk Creation (DRC) or Resisting Disaster Risk Creation (RDRC)

This is a great question and one I recently took a stab at answering: https://works.bepress.com/daniel_aldrich/42/

Dear Javed,

Exploring the new opportunities that posts Big Data for better understand DRR is fundamental and somehow unavoidable. This report may help to illustrate the opportunities, challenges and required steps for leveraging the new ecosystem of Big Data to monitor and detect hazards, mitigate their effects, and assist in relief efforts: https://www.preventionweb.net/publications/view/46539

Best

Vicente

India has identified seven geothermal provinces with probable extraction of industrial scale. Challenges are many. First of all to delineate the shallow or deep reservoir, entire geothermal field needs to be mapped. The development of conceptual model of geothermal field is must. For this, geophysical exploration data will certainly be required so that predicted conceptual model is conceivable and acceptable. Once the conceptual model is accepted, next conceiving the heat transport mechanism properly corresponding to the identified reservoir in a geothermal field is must for proper estimation of extraction temperature.

Dear Anil, there is this document from FEMA (US) which can help you: https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/docs/emerg%20and%20risk%20mgmt.doc

Dear Tristan, this article could shed some light into the topic: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-5899.12038/abstract

Thank you Antonio for the document!

I am thinking about national regulations, guidelines from international organisations or any other publications that give advice on how to determine the quality and quantity needs for emergency water supply.

The sphere project is the most cited document here. Some countries adopt the guideline and some have their own quantities and qualities. I am interested in both. 

Brownly, 

I believe you need to define multiple parameters before you choose the proper tool to asses communities' post-disaster vulnerability.

First, which dimension are you looking at; physical infrastructure, social, economic, or environmental? All of the three dimensions are impacted by disasters, and in fact amplify the disaster impact on the community. 

Moreover, you should also determine if you are looking for vulnerability due to exposure to risk (proximity to hazards) or due to internal/inherent properties of the community. Even though some vulnerability assessment tools account for both in the same model (Environmental Vulnerability Index), I believe it is crucial to define your need. Exposure to risk vulnerability assessment is mostly beneficial for choosing where to rebuild. While inherent vulnerability helps in determining factors that needs to be enhanced to decrease future vulnerability to hazards. 

Furthermore, the level of analysis. Most tools focus on aggregated vulnerability assessment; countries and cities (Economic Resilience Index for OCED countries). However, there are tools that can calculate and assess vulnerability on the block level (Social Vulnerability Index by Cutter et. al 2003). 

Below are a list of some of the tools that I would recommend for such assessment: 

Environmental:

Social: 

Economic: 

Hi Paresh,

I have recently  published a literature review about CCA&DRR which reports the role of different actors in CCS&DRR integration governance, i linked below. Of course, most of these contents can be generalized to DRR and have been retrieved from specific DRR literature. Therefore, I suggest to give a look to the reference list, you can find really useful sources for your work.

Good luck!

Hi Irteja, We have  publications on local and indigenous knowledge as capacities for disaster risk reduction in small island and coastal communities. These were published by UNESCO and two other journals such as the International Journal for Disaster Risk Reduction as well as in Climate Change. Authors are Lisa Hiwasaki, Emmanuel M. Luna, etal. Look also for John Twigg's characteristics of disaster resilient  communities. They are available in the web.

I use the numerical model Mike21 and Litpack to study the effectiveness of the breakwater.

Enrique

you might be interested in a few reports that are available for download at the National Academies Press Namely:

Geotargeted Alerts and Warnings: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps.

This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18414

Public Response to Alerts and Warnings Using Social Media: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps.

This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=15853.

There are a lot of open systems and visualizations available which can help a person maintain their situational awareness in relation to a number of events for example:

Global disasters and emerging situations see http://www.pdc.org/

Global Weather See http://earth.nullschool.net/ 

There are also a lot of apps available for providing alerts and the Association of Public Safety Officials is playing a leadership role in supporting the development of a diverse, practitioner-driven public safety app ecosystem fostered through the collaborative efforts of public safety professionals and app developers. In April 2013, APCO launched the Application Community at www.AppComm.org. AppComm serves as the single, trusted resource for applications related to public safety and emergency response.

I think it is useful to break this subject down into two broad components, namely a system that supports the early detection or indication of a particular event and secondly a system that is used to provide the community early warning of an event.   You can break this down further if you like but these two categories focus on the decision makers within the official public safety organisations and secondly on the community.   In relation to community warning systems there has been a lot of research conducted here in Australia in relation to how the community understands and reacts to warnings.

Bio-Surveillance  is very important on a day-to-day basis, but becomes critical after a disaster when you have an increase risk of disease as we saw in Haiti, so you might be interested in looking at the rapid deployment of sensor networks post disaster to provide early warning of diseases.

Here at the University of Melbourne at the Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety (see http://www.cdmps.org.au/)  we are very interested in this topic.   Please let me know if you are interested in any further collaboration.

Regards

Ged

You might find these papers of interest:

Dashti, S., Palen, L., Heris, M. P., Anderson, K.M., Anderson, T.J., & Anderson, S., (2014), Supporting Disaster Reconnaissance with Social Media Data: A Design-Oriented Case Study of the 2013 Colorado Floods, Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference - University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, May 2014, S.R. Hilts, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick and P.C. Shih (Eds)., pp 632 - 641.

Herfort, B., Porto de Albuquerque, J., Schelhorn, S., Zipf, A., (2014), Exploring the Geographical Relations Between Social Media and Flood Phenomena to Improve Situational Awareness, in Connecting a Digital Europe Through Location and Place, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2014, pp 55-71

Starbird, K., Muzny, G. & Palen, L. (2012), Learning from the Crowd: Collaborative Filtering Techniques for Identifying On-the-Ground Twitters During Mass Disruptions. Proceedings of the 9th International ISCRAM Conference - Vancouver, Canada, April 2012 L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvey and Z. Franco eds.

Starbird, K. & Palen, L., (2010), Pass it On?: Retweeting in Mass Emergency. Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conference - Seattle, USA, May 2010.

Starbird, K., Palen, L., Hughes, A.L. & Vieweg, S., (2010), Chatter on the Red: What Hazards Threat Reveals about the Social Life of Microblogged Information, CSCW, February, 6-10, 2010, Savannah, Georgia, USA.

Vieweg, S., Hughes, A.L., Starbird, K., and Palen, L., (2010), Microblogging During Two Natural Hazard Events: What Twitter May Contribute to Situational Awareness, CHI '10 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Pages 1079-1088.

Hi Gerry,

While the question posed relates to “disaster risk management”, we had previously published the following conference paper attached and also available on ResearchGate:

Watson, P.A. and Chileshe, N. (2004) The Incorporation of a Project Management Curriculum into the Education Process, In: Poh, P.S.H (ed) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of World of Construction Project Management (WCCPM-2004), 27-29 May 2004, Ontario, Canada. Vol 1, 277-285.

The approach adopted was that of ‘learning outcomes’ and ultimately the study developed a suitable framework for incorporating learning outcomes into undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The developed framework can then be adopted or adapted by other higher educational establishments.

The upshot of the above publication is that, in describing learning outcomes, four different approaches to specification were explored in an investigative project into learning outcomes of higher education. The four approaches were based on the following: (1) Objectives; (2) Subject Knowledge; (3) Discipline; and (4) Competence

Kind regards,

Nicholas

Local governments in New Zealand   have completed coastal hazard assessments, with maps showing areas expected to be affected over the next 50-100 years and  adopted the following:

I am interested in collaboration. I am a German social scientist with many years of expertise in risk and disaster research, particularly risk perception in international compartive settings and what we can learn from it for risk and crisis communication.

If you are interested in this offer, please send me an e-mail via: kerstin.dressel@sine-institut.de

I believe this must occur at the policy and development level. There is more than enough written on this subject of integration. My experience, however, is that silos dictate and government entities believe that these two concepts are unique. 

We have similar issues in Southern Africa:

Becker, P., Abrahamsson, M., & Hagelsteen, M. 2013. Parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Southern Africa. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. :1–5.

Thank you all for the answers. I agree with Mr. Gautam because I was referring more to the infrastructure which is the physical form of the pedestrian and cycling paths. Not necessarily the actions. If we can create a well connected paths which on normal condition can be used for the pedestrians and cyclists, during event of disaster this paths could also serve to distribute aids and first-hand evacuations since they would extent to the direct vicinity of private housings. In some conditions at dense urban area, some "poor" residential areas are not reachable by the vehicular roads yet these areas are most vulnerable during event of disaster. But the idea from Mr. Kumar also have a good point since time is important during mitigation. Therefore if we could suggest and implement certain structural requirement for the paths, in emergency situation they could also be used for any kind of motorised vehicles. One popular and suitable vehicle on developing countries could be the motorcycle.

You could check out The Environment as Hazard by Burton, Kates and White. Also, Patricia Martel, a PhD student at Wilfred Laurier University, Ontario, Canada is doing her thesis on disaster taxonomies, and might have some useful information for you.