Disability - Science topic

As a result of their debilitated state and oftentimes multiple preexisting health conditions older adults suffering from chronically painful disabling osteoarthritis of one or more joints were found to acquire a COVID-19 related infection at substantive rates at the height of the pandemic. Unfortunately, even though the COVID pandemic has waned con...

In this chapter, we will critically engage with the growing interest in decolonising discursive practices and research methodologies in Disability Studies to understand and situate localised disability practices of decolonisation. This involves processes of “epistemic de-linking” (Mignolo, 2007a, p. 450) from Eurocentric disability imaginaries, mat...

This paper aims to explore the importance of accessibility for people with disabilities in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to identify accessible resources that have contributed to the achievement of the SDGs for people with disabilities. This study investigates the need for increased investment, collaboration, and awareness...

Background: The therapeutic assessment of functioning in cardiac rehabilitation from the perspective of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can provide a biopsychosocial approach to health care. However, it is unclear which components are reflected in the instruments used for cardiac rehabilitation in indivi...

Objective To describe leprosy involvement and physical disability profiles in children and adolescents under 15 years old. Methods Ecological time series study, based on data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System, including new cases of leprosy residing in Palmas (TO), from 2001 to 2020. Results A total of 471 notified cases i...

Objective: to analyze quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of public university employees retired due to disabilities. A characterization questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Disabilities instrumen...

The purpose of this study was to explore the opinions of civil servant employees with disabilities on their professional context of the study, main research aims/questions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants. In the study, a voice recorder was used to record answers to questions in the interview form, information form, a...

J apanese encephalitis (JE) is among the most common viral causes of encephalitis in the world; an estimated 67,900 new cases of JE occur annually in JE-endemic countries, and case-fatality rates are 20%-30% (1,2). Among JE survivors, 30%-50% experience long-term neuropsychological sequelae (1,3,4). Clinical signs/symptoms develop in only ≈1 of 250...

Purpose Interpersonal violence is a leading cause of adolescent deaths and disability. This study investigates sex differences in burden of interpersonal violence for adolescents and explores associations with gender inequality. Method Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we report numbers, proportions, rates of interpersonal v...

The ability to communicate, to understand and share meaning, is a salient feature of human development, crucial for integration in, and acceptance by, the social group and for the emergence of a sense of selfhood. Human infants are primed to communicate through playful interaction from the moment of birth and play remains the primary mode of commun...

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has identified and articulated the rights of people with disabilities, mandating how these rights should be upheld and protected by countries. The objective of this article is to explore how these rights can be translated into action for people with intellectual and developmental disa...

Presbyopia is a physiological phenomenon. It is a disability to concentrate effectively on closer objects that occurs as the eye ages. It affects mainly the age group over 40 and also in some cases before the age of 40, many persons get difficulties to see at near point. Around 1.8 billion people have presbyopia globally which is nearly 25% of the...

Streszczenie DENEMS stanowi sposób myślenia o całokształcie procesu usprawniania rozwijającego się człowieka, od momentu urodzenia do zakończenia procesów wzrostowych. W podejściu tym kierunek terapii nadają trzy istotne zmienne: wiek, poziom niepełnosprawności, dominujący typ zaburzeń napięcia mięśniowego (hiper-, hipotonia) i ruchu (dyskineza). S...

Recent research rarely identifies successes and supportive mechanisms for the inclusive growth of disabled people in the development of entrepreneurship, particularly for disabled entrepreneurs who are advancing through creative endeavors. This article examines the experiences of a woman with special needs who started a successful business in the I...

Undoubtedly, ChatGPT wields considerable influence in the realm of writing-based tasks. The advent of ChatGPT and analogous large language model technologies is recognized as a potentially disruptive force with far-reaching implications not only for academic libraries but for higher education on the whole. This article delves into the multifaceted...

Purpose Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become the 8 th leading cause of death in Iran in 2017, 5 steps up from 1990. This is important as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic glomerulonephritis along with exposure to toxins or heavy metals are the main risk factors for the disease. Despite its heavy burden, there are limited studies on the inciden...

Introduction In recent years, pain neuroscience education (PNE) has been the focus of extensive research in the scientific literature in the field of physical therapy, but the results obtained are controversial and its clinical application remains unclear. The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the effectiveness of PNE in patients with...

Introduction Migraine is a common and disabling primary headache, and its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Previous studies have suggested that pain can increase humans’ Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). However, no previous study has investigated whether the REE of individuals with migraine differs from the general population. Therefore, t...

Multimorbidity –understood as the occurrence of chronic diseases together– represents a major challenge for healthcare systems due to its impact on disability, quality of life, increased use of services and mortality. However, despite the global need to address this health problem, evidence is still needed to advance our understanding of its clinic...

The article analyzes the results of medical examinations and morbidity with temporary disability among flour mill workers. The assessment of the level of prevalence of the disease among production workers was carried out according to the data of the reporting form and cards for personal records, taking into account the analysis of the incidence wit...

During the year, 50% of adult Europeans suffering from acholia, as well as at least 90%, complain of headaches once in a lifetime without treatment. This disease has been identified by WHO as one of the 10 diseases leading to disability. With headaches, a high rate of disability is associated with several pathologies that are associated with suffoc...

Introduction Leprosy remains a major public health concern worldwide and one of the leading causes of disability. New cases of leprosy with grade 2 disability (G2D) often reflect delayed detection due to the limited capacity of the health system to recognize leprosy early. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and G2D of leprosy among migra...

Abstract: Researchers have an important role to play in reducing ableism and cultivating self-advocacy. Kerschbaum & Price (2017) argued that disability should be represented in research. However, according to Dolmage (2017) conducting research has become hyper-fixated on unrealistic productivity standards, inaccessible writing styles, and a compli...

[DK] Den inkluderende handicapforskning er blevet mere udbredt de senere år, men ikke alle personer med udviklingshandicaphandicap er blevet deltagere i den inkluderende forskningspraksis. Megen inkluderende handicapforskning benytter sig af forskningsmetoder, der forudsætter verbalt talesprog. Artiklen tager afsæt i spørgsmålet om, hvordan den ink...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a general term for disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels and represent a major cause of disability and death worldwide [...]

Real-world studies on fremanezumab, an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody for migraine prevention, are few and with limited follow-up. We aimed to evaluate the long-term (up to 52 weeks) effectiveness and tolerability of fremanezumab in high-frequency episodic migraine and chronic migraine. This s an independent, prospective,...

The impact of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) on multiple sclerosis (MS) long-term outcomes is continuously evolving. Retrospective analyses of large and long-term registries could provide information regarding general disease trajectories and risk factors that are commonly not investigated in shorter clinical trial settings. Retrospective obse...

The primary objective of this study was to explore individuals’ perspectives on the factors, situations or events that contributed to their perceptions of injustice following occupational injury. The study sample consisted of 30 participants (18 women, 12 men) who had submitted a time-loss claim for a work-related musculoskeletal injury. Participan...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity and disability worldwide. COPD cannot always be defined as an occupational disease, because it is more of a work-related disease or a disease that worsens at work, and the patient’s ability to work will depend on the degree and duration of lung function damage....

Introduction. Human gait is the motor ability which leads body to move being accepted as a defining factor of wellbeing. We aimed to identify the gait disorders of patients with different pathologies, admitted in our unit and their effects on functionality and quality of life. Material and Methods: We used a descriptive study, which included 79 pat...

Objective To determine the validity of a hardness sensor to objectively assess skin induration in patients with systemic sclerosis, and to compare the hardness sensor with the modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) and a durometer. Methods The skin induration was measured in two assessments: a Latin square experiment to examine the hardness sensor’s in...

Introduction The feasibility of an Early Subacute Pain Intervention Program was assessed for improving outcomes in patients with subacute pain and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at increased risk of long-term disability. Methods Eligible patients were referred by their general practitioner for an open trial of individual case man...

This paper develops a general equilibrium life-cycle model with endogenous retirement that focuses on the interplay between old-age pensions (OAP) and disability pensions (DP) in Germany. Germany has introduced a phased-in increase of the normal retirement age from age 65 to 67 (Reform 2007) and closed off other routes to early OAP retirement. This...

Objective: The study explored the perceptions and coping strategies employed by older adults in a Sub-Saharan African community in relation to their disabilities. Methods: The research utilized an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis methodology and conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of households. The study recruited a...

This comprehensive review aims to illuminate disparities in post-stroke care for Black and Hispanic individuals by exploring the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and insurance. By understanding the impact of stroke and the factors contributing to disparities, this review strives to identify strategies for improving stroke...

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is an important step towards encouraging inclusive and equitable quality education for all children, emphasizing empathy, respect, and understanding for diversity. It seeks to provide accessible education for children with disabilities in accordance with the Rights of Persons with Disability Act (RPWD) 2016....

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

Amongst the impacts of growing up with a parent with mental health challenges is the experience of stigma-by-association, in which children and young people experience impacts of stigmatisation due to their parent's devalued identity. This article seeks to expand our understanding of this issue through an abductive analysis of qualitative data coll...

We aimed to highlight disease-related and treatment-related complications of Behçet syndrome (BS) based on previous and recent studies and our own experience. The Behçet’s Disease Overall Damage Index is a newly developed instrument to assess damage in BS. Validation studies showed that damage is already present in some patients at diagnosis and co...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

Introduction: Several international conventions have recognized the importance of equal access to higher education on the basis of ‘capacity’. However, inequalities persist for various groups. This paper presents a systematic scoping review of studies on the aspirations and access needs of students with disability, medical and mental health conditi...

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, degenerative disease of the central nervous system and the second most frequent cause of permanent disability in young adults. one of the most common issues concerns the ability to perform postural and gait tasks while simultaneously completing a cognitive task (namely, d...

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is an important step towards encouraging inclusive and equitable quality education for all children, emphasizing empathy, respect, and understanding for diversity. It seeks to provide accessible education for children with disabilities in accordance with the Rights of Persons with Disability Act (RPWD) 2016....

Introduction Depression is the leading cause of worldwide disability, until now only 3% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experiences full recovery or remission. Different studies have tried to better understand MDD pathophysiology and its resistant forms (TRD), focusing on the identification of candidate biomarkers that would be abl...

Aim: We aimed in this study to assess the potential environmental and personal barriers encountered in the community pharmacies in Jordan. Methods: A validated self-administered survey was distributed online to 721 participants from all regions in Jordan. Results: All approached participants (721 subjects) answered the survey. The most common envir...

Introduction: Sequelae related to brain damage are the third cause of disability worldwide and the second cause of death. The subjectivity of the evaluator in the assessment of trophic tissue is always an element that must be taken into account. In this regard, the objectives of this pilot study were to observe the reliability and validity of the t...

Background: The EMCOVID project conducted a multi-centre cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in MS patients enrolled in the EMCOVID database. The DMTs were us...

This study investigated how teachers’ pedagogical mobility influences classroom assessment adjustments to support mathematics achievement for a student with disability. Structured and semi-structured surveys and artefacts associated with the student’s mathematics assessment tasks for two Terms were used. Data were analyzed using qualitative inducti...

Non-specic chronic low back pain is termed when the pathoanatomical cause of pain is not determined. Studies have shown core muscle weakness can greatly cause low back pain and there exists a strong positive correlation in effectiveness of Pilates method and gyrotonic exercise on spinal stability in subjects with chronic low back pain. The sample...

Objective It is unknown whether presence of pre-operative objective functional impairment (OFI) can predict post-operative outcomes in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). We aimed to determine whether pre-operative OFI measured by the five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STS) could predict outcomes at 12-months post-discectomy. Methods Ad...

The turn of the twenty-first century and the subsequent continuous emergence of implications related to technological advancement have brought a crisis into the heart of the humanities. Its etymological origin, humanism, a philosophical stance shaped during and perpetuated by the Enlightenment, is becoming more and more redundant. An ecological eme...

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of disability globally and an emerging body of evidence suggests that dietary components, including flavonoids, may impact depression‐related biochemical pathways. Further research that characterizes dietary intake of flavonoids in diverse population groups, including people with MDD...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

Introduction The burden and impact of neck pain is high in African countries including Nigeria. This study investigated the occupational biomechanical and occupational psychosocial factors associated with neck pain intensity, neck disability and sick leave amongst construction labourers in an urban Nigerian population. Methods This cross-sectional...

The objective of this study was to analyze the perceived barriers to dual career success and athletic identity of student-athletes according to disability type and level of professionalization. The final sample consisted of 203 student-athletes with disabilities from five European countries. The questionnaires used were ESTPORT, EBBS and AIMS. Depe...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

Background Chronic back pain in employees compromises participation in social and daily activities, as well as work. Objectives To examine the severity of back pain after 2 years and identify factors predicting stagnation at this level of pain. Methods Data were derived from a prospective cohort study with randomized sampling of insurants in the...

Currently, tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that primarily affects the lungs. The severity of active pulmonary TB (APTB) is an important determinant of transmission, morbidity, mortality, disease experience, and treatment outcomes. Several publications have shown a high prevalence of disabling co...

The literature suggests that people with invisible disabilities face more social difficulties than those with visible ones. Thus, the visibility criterion can constitute a core factor to understand the stigmatisation of people with disabilities. The main aim of this research is to examine if the “warm but incompetent” stereotype associated with dis...

Chronic primary low back pain (CPLBP) is a prevalent and disabling condition that often requires rehabilitation interventions to improve function and alleviate pain. This paper aims to advance future research, including systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), on CPLBP management. We provide methodological and reporting recommend...

In this paper, the outline of national guideline for gender‐sensitive post‐disaster needs assessment (PDNA) that was developed based on the experiences of 2019 Iran floods is presented. Accordingly, at first, the baseline information on female‐headed households, elderly, disabled women and the employment situation of females that should be collecte...

Study Design: A literature review was conducted in order to provide an overview of the effect of exercise therapy for office workers with chronic Non-specific low back pain. Review provides a summary of large bodies of evidence and reviews help to explain differences among studies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to review exercises therapy fo...

The interfaces between host and viral proteins can be dynamic spaces in which genetic variants are continually pursued, giving rise to evolutionary arms races. One such scenario is found between the mammalian innate immunity protein PKR (protein kinase R) and the poxvirus antagonist K3. Once activated, PKR phosphorylates the natural substrate eIF2α...

Crisis events, especially in which large numbers of people are killed or injured, place increasingly complex demands on an effective system of rescue work. The efficiency of rescue operations is increased by software support, including various tools, procedures and processes. The paper's primary goal is to evaluate the current state of information...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

Good Country People is one of the representative works of Flannery O 'Connor. The heroine in the story, Hulga or Joy, is a distinct image created by the author. The adult-baby’s disability, rebellion, intertextuality, together with her self-conceit contributes to the sharpening of the special grotesque character of Hulga.This paper will explore the...

Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a devastating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is often severely disabling from the outset. The lack of pathognomonic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies in seronegative NMOSD not only hinders early diagnosis, but also limits therapeutic options, in contrast to AQP4 antib...

Chronic active lesions, also known as rim enhancing lesions (RELs), play an important role in the pathogenesis of smouldering multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of paramagnetic iron in RELs increases the local susceptibility, which can be quantified and visualized on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (Q...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

The term “differently-abled” refers to people with mobility difficulties, including the disabled and the elderly. In order to explore the optimal evacuation efficiency, in emergencies, of different floors in multi-layered buildings where differently-abled people reside, this study has established a mixed evacuation model based on the characteristic...

The perception of a person with a disability is determined by qualities that are commonly desired in society. In this text, we have attempted to analyze to what extent the contemporary normalization paradigm, which assumes the necessity of treating every person with the dignity that belongs to them, while respecting their rights, translates into so...

Introduction Telepractice has the potential to align with the directive to reduce inequalities by United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10. Telepractice additionally addresses a national digital health strategic plan for accessible digitally enabled models of care. To plan improvements, it is essential to understand the experience of teleprac...

Introduction Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), also affecting gait. Detection of fatigue-associated changes of gait using mobile health technologies (MHT) could become increasingly effective. Methods Cognitively unimpaired PD patients without fluctuations (UPDRS IV < 1) underwent a standard neurological assessm...

We recently described a sex-specific transcriptional regulation mechanism, found in physiologically relevant settings in breast cancer cells in vitro and in cells of the embryo in mice and humans, wherein mutation or loss of the p53 tumor suppressor results in transcriptional perturbation of the non-coding RNA that functions in X-inactivation, Xist...

Objective Focusing on low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), this article uses data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to highlight the burden of morbidity due to benign gynecological conditions (BGCs). Methods We analyzed 2019 morbidity data for all BGCs, measured as years lost to disability (YLDs). Disease burden was calculated...

Objectives Reducing and eliminating the use of Restrictive Practices (RPs) is consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). This systematic review examines the effectiveness of organisation-wide interventions in reducing behaviours of concern (BoC) and the use of RPs in people with a neurodevelop...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common myopathy; onset is in childhood due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD presents with progressive muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure, leading to severe disability and early mortality. At the heart of modern therapeutic strategies is a comprehensive approach to treatment,...

As the part of vulnerable groups, elderly people hold the rights to social security according to the constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This study has been launched for the purpose of revealing the picture of the facts and figures of the deprivation of social security as human r...

The aim of the article is to present the cultural model of disability and its consequences for special education. I will start by presenting the origins and essence of the cultural model of disability. Next, I will characterize the four main assumptions underlying this model: 1) disability can be understood differently in different cultures, 2) peo...

Background Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has been a popular technique for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown its efficiency in lumbar spinal stenosis; yet, only a few studies have investigated its application to severe lumbar spinal stenosis. Herein, we investigated the clinical and radiographic outcome of O...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of services and facilities at tourist sites for individuals with disabilities (accessible tourism) in Najran region, as well as the disparities based on gender, type of disability, and nature of the visit. Methods: Following the survey approach, the descriptive method was employed to...

Purpose-This study aims to explore the dimensions of perceived value of tourists with disabilities at heritage sites. Second, it examines the differences in the precedents of satisfaction and loyalty among tourists with disabilities in two different World Heritage Sites (WHS). Design/methodology/approach-The sample consists of 150 and 184 question...

Introduction: Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) constitutes a minimally invasive procedure employed to address a spectrum of conditions including degenerative disc disorders, trauma, infections, and deformities. Despite its potential, there exists a scarcity of studies exploring perioperative functional and radiological outcomes. This prospec...

Inklusion und Digitalisierung gelten als große gesellschaftliche Transformationsprozesse, deren Relevanz auf der Hand liegt – so auch für historisches Lernen und Lehren. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte beide Themenkomplexe aus einer geschichtsdidaktischen Perspektive aufei­nander beziehen und erschließt daher Chancen sowie Herausforderungen von virt...