Disability - Science topic

Helle. How do you define the phenomenon of disability?

Walking aids, such as crutches and wheelchairs, depend on the strength of the body to bear the weight, as well as the joints, nuts, friction with the ground, dimensions, and the type of material they are made from.

It is crucial to use person-first language and avoid the use of stigmatizing terms when addressing individuals with one form of disability or the other. Person-first language places the focus on the individual rather than the condition, and thus helps reduce stigma. This is a way of showing respect to the persons with disability. The use of respectful language helps to foster inclusivity, understanding, and support for persons with disability. Avoid making assumptions or stereotypes. Focus on abilities, not limitations. Use accessible language and communication formats.

Avoid the use of stigmatizing terms , such as: handicapped or crippled, the handicapped, the handicapped persons, the disabled individuals, the deformed individuals, abnormal individuals, etc.Avoid using suffering from or afflicted with.

It is preferable to say: person with a disability, person with a physical disability, person with an intellectual disability, person with a mental health condition.

For specific conditions: person with autism, person with cerebral palsy, person who is hard of hearing, person who is of low vision.

Does the literary work depict persons with disability?

Is the writer positively disposed to persons with disability judging from the language use or are they being stigmatised in the book?

I am looking for research on lack of publications, disability inclusion and advocacy for students and interns at both the graduate leves, internships, felllowships and jobs.

I currently doing my PhD research about on the representation of disabilities in superheroe comics. So, how do you see this representation in comics, even in other genres of comics?

I would like to write my graduate paper on the mental health aspects and/or statistics associated of a sexless marriage with acquired disability

This question is coming as when I teach.. Generally stakeholders ask.. It's for all.. I think placement depends on Degree of disability..

I would like to use VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis and I have used both desktop as well as web versions. However during adding data or creating a map from 'Scopus' or 'Dimensions' on my PC all the options of 'Type of Analysis' remain disabled except 'Co-authorship'. The solution is highly solicited.

1)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377150531_Who_agrees_Maslow's_Hierarchy_of_Needs_guides_people_to_objectively_describe_subjective_experiences_How_Why

2)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374753672_Afterlife_Individuation_Theory

Are there studies ysing ballet for disability assesment

We have been able to download the maui installer to the computer, however, we cannot get the .exe file to open and run.

We have tried to run it as administrator, we disabled the firewall, we restarted the computer, nothing seems to work.

Thank you!

What effect do representations of disability have on the concept of abjection?

May be what it will take to age gracefully with a disability and what is the greatest handicap.

Hi everyone,

I am currently working on human mtDNA and try to construct phylotree based on my samples. I noticed that a tool called mtPhyl (https://sites.google.com/site/mtphyl/) was used in many studied.

However, somehow it is disable from the link above. I try to contact the authors but no responses. Can someone help me with this issue.

Thank you in advances

Dear Colleagues,

I am looking for a UK Collaborator for the Going Global Partnership, British Council for putting up application on the Disability Inclusion Partnership. Here is the given link: https://opportunities-insight.britishcouncil.org/news/opportunities/disability-inclusion-partnerships.

Please let me know if anyone from UK would like to initiate the project Grant with me, you can reach out to me at

sadia.shaukat@ue.edu.pk

maybe in the afterlife I've failed at... Uniqueness may be the arche...

Everyone is special:

It seems odd to me that so much else can be done online and yet there is so much discrimination in effect still against people who cannot easily travel (or who are even housebound, for example).

Are there any institutions who have adapted to the new working landscape (in industry) and are allowing a PhD to be done remotely?

There is a lot of matrix effect that disable me to quantify it. what i need is a quick and fast extraction method. what should i add?

For instance, if Mr. "Y" has a limb impairment [physical] and categorises a person as having a physical disability, is there any standard procedure or tool to certify a disability in Ethiopia?

Con este planteamiento se pretende hacer reflexionar a los lectores de los diferentes planes de actuación, medidas y otros tipos de propuestas que pueden ser implantados en los Servicios Sociales de Andalucía a la hora de eliminar desigualdades laborales, favoreciendo a una integración del colectivo de personas con discapacidad en este ámbito. Con ello tenemos en cuenta diferentes perspectivas tanto sociales y culturales como de aprovisionamiento económicos y fundamentación sociológica y antropológica, todas ellas desprovistas de cualquier tipo de paternalismo y capacitismo.

I want to do molecular dynamics simulation of adsorption. For this purpose, I want to place two graphene sheets on both sides of the layer. How can I disable these pages so they don't interact?

Fresh off her book The Minority Body, Elizabeth Barnes raises a question sorely needed for our community of analytic philosophers: What epistemic status do we give to those with physical disabilities? For those interested in discussion, please contribute your thoughts on what constitutes an epistemic peer, what conditions possible peers fulfill, and what solutions can philosophers find from individuals excluded from testimonial relations.

How do we account for learning disabled researchers? Many people who are not adaptable to conventional education may have great research input if only given the effective medium. For instance, many disabled writers may be savants in research areas but lack a means to popularize their works.

It aims to understand how AI technologies benefit the stem cell field.., potentially leading to advancements in areas like disease modeling, disability, and personalized medicine.

If you can't give the victimizer 3 chances to apologize because they are no longer in your life, how do you get closure, and how do you forgive and accept others that engage in disability discrimination? (I am autistic.)

How to disable grid line in scattering parameter plot in CST? (I am not asking about unchecking the bounding box)

Typically, public assistance only offers financial aid to families with dependent children. Many people without children suffer from some form of disability that prevents them from earning money. The process of applying for and receiving SSDI or SSI is arduous and lengthy. Sometimes it can take up to a year for approval. Interim programs will evaluate the likelihood o a person being approved for disability, and if they deem it likely, they will offer some form of interim assistance. Unfortunately, the amount of money offered through these programs is not enough to sustain living costs. This situation creates a gap in services and supports that people with disabilities need to survive. What are some of the ways people can survive and avoid homelessness while they wait for their SSI or SSDI approval?

current situation of disability,prevalence of disability,life of disabled people,support for disabled people etc.

I tried to do DFT calculation but the submit button was disabled. I cannot do any other calculations also

İ am studying on visual perception of visually impaired users and designers. For sharing the act of designing experiencel, i am seeking for low-vision designers if there are any.

I have installed the GROMACS in Windows Subsystem for Linux - Ubuntu. The simulation is working perfectly on the CPU and I am unable to run it on GPU.

I realized that the GPU is disabled as per the previous info from Ubuntu.

"GROMACS version: 2020.1-Ubuntu-2020.1-1

Precision: single

Memory model: 64 bit

MPI library: thread_mpi

OpenMP support: enabled (GMX_OPENMP_MAX_THREADS = 64)

GPU support: disabled

SIMD instructions: SSE2

FFT library: fftw-3.3.8-sse2-avx

RDTSCP usage: disabled

TNG support: enabled

Hwloc support: hwloc-2.1.0

Tracing support: disabled

C compiler: /usr/bin/cc GNU 9.3.0

C compiler flags: -msse2 -fexcess-precision=fast -funroll-all-loops

C++ compiler: /usr/bin/c++ GNU 9.3.0

C++ compiler flags: -msse2 -fexcess-precision=fast -funroll-all-loops -fopenmp"

My system configuration of GPU is 'NVIDIA® GeForce RTX™ 3060 Laptop GPU, 115W (140W with Dynamic Boost)6GB GDDR6'

But I am unable to install the GMX in GPU and it is showing an error when I run the following code

'cmake … -DGMX_BUILD_OWN_FFTW=ON -DREGRESSIONTEST_DOWNLOAD=ON -DGMX_MPI=on -DGMX_GPU=CUDA -DMPI_C_COMPILER=mpicc -DGMX_MPI=on'

Kindly guide me how to install the GROMACS in GPU.

I will be conducting a study on the impact of digital technology on economic inclusion of women entrepreneurs and the vulnerable group. Particularly, small and medium enterprises owned by women and also women who are single-mothers , PWD (person with disability) and senior citizen (elderly). There is no listings on the number of women-owned enterprises. Initially I am thinking of snowball sampling. Is there a more appropriate sampling method for this type of study?

I purposly installed this software to simulate the SAR, but it looks is not working for me. Please any who knows/ experience about this application can help me.

I am highly appriciate for your help.

Berhane Gebreslassie PhD student

When I am trying to draw a polyhedral by clicking on 'Polyhedral' Style in VESTA Software, it is not changing. It seems like this option is jammed. Even when in the properties -> Polyhedra, all the options are disabled.

All the other styles (Ball-and-stick, Space-filling, Wireframe, Stick) are properly working. But when I am clicking on the Polyhedra option, it brings Ball-and-stick style to the structure.

I have also reinstalled the software. But the problem is still the same.

How can I enable the polyhedral option in VESTA?

Questionnaires or surveys done regarding any illness or condition would be helpful. Specifically treatment awareness for cerebral palsy or such disability.

Minimization of environmental impact caused by solid waste management activities and facilities is one of the three objectives of our present research, and we will use DALYs.

Different researchers have been trying to estimate the percentage of persons with disabilities in Kenya since 2007. Between 2007 and 2019, five independent studies have been conducted, each reporting significantly different results eg 4.6%, 3.5%, 13.5%, 11.4% and 2.2%. Utilizing all this published information, what Statistical treatment can be used to get the true estimate of disability prevalence.

Disability need to be ZEro all over the world?

Disability and impairment: how similar are they and, do they widely differentiate themselves from each other?

They seem to be used interchangeably, but are they one and same? Are they negatively associated with stress, anxiety, stigma, shame, isolation, and depression?

Disability sport researchers, please join us in initialing ideas for establishing a society for disability sport studies. I am Tiao, a Ph.D. student in Sport Administration at the University of Houston, my research is housed in disability sport marketing and sponsorship in Adaptive Athletic Lab under Dr. Michael Cottingham. Through almost a decade, the lab/Dr. Cottingham has worked with colleagues from disciplines across the spectrum including medicine, kinesiology, sport management, adaptive physical activity, recreation, economics, communications, and cultural studies programs. In realizing that we often do similar work from different angles and frequently cite each other’s work with the shared passion in building the scholarship in disability sport, a collective need to establish a society for disability sport studies is revealing itself and now we are generating interest/support to make it come true! This society would allow people with the shared context to coordinate together better, to share and disseminate ideas and resources. Whether it is a conference, a journal, or something else entirely, the first step is collecting a list of names of people who might be interested to be involved with this project. So, please take a minute to fill out the survey if you are one of us and share this with people in Disability Sport Research. Thank you! https://lnkd.in/gCPQMsQA

Hi everybody, I am starting a reaseacrh about cognitive overload and technostress in subjects with visual or auditory disability, but still I have found a few evidence on the issue. Can anyone suggest me some references?

Thanks

Donata

How synergic integration between AI and IoT help disabled and elderly people?

The current assessment of disability evaluation using IDEAS scale for psychiatric illnesses provides range of disability percentage using the absolute scores. Is there a provision in IDEAS to calculate absolute disability percentages as well using the scores obtained?

Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis that is the most widely used measurement tool to describe disease progression in patients with MS.

In most cases, we deal with active Ports at the level of Maritime Trade and a continuous resume of their activities. But there may be Ports that were previously active but have been disabled for various reasons. My question is about your information and experiences in these cases and how to Revitalizing them?

Best

Behrooz

Transportation for the elderly and the disabled was difficult in normal life. However, during the pandemic process, reasons such as time constraints and meeting the needs in a certain period were also added. Therefore, what should be the increasing problems and solutions?

I have HFSS ver 17.2 when I try design anything the reference point and diamond cursor is disable somehow. Now I cannot see the 3d or 2d structure without drawing at randomly... does anyone knows whats the problem

Does your country have a specific disability or work loss assessment system for pneumoconiosis? How is it working? What is the role of the ILO radiological classification in this disability assessment?

Please follow these steps to understand my problem -

1) Open mph file I have attached.

2) Perform compute. After its completion, go to results, 1D Plot Group, Global. You will see the graph of current vs time. If its not there, please choose current through external I vs U 1 for y-axis data. Take a snapshot of the graph. (Case 1)

3) Now disable the magnetic and electric fields (mef) physics. Again compute, go to 1D plot group and take a snapshot of current vs time graph. (Case 2)

4) Now, enable the mef physics. Again compute and observe the current vs time graph. (Case 3)

Definitely the current vs time plot will be different for case 1 and case 2. But Case 1 and Case 3 should have provided the same results. However, when you will compare the graphs in case 1 and case 3, they have huge differences. Please give some advice on how to resolve it, or provide its solution.

If you will click on compute once again, and again observe current vs time (case 4), you will observe case 4 and case 3 have same plots. But I want case 1 also to give the same results, so that I can accurately have plots with and without magnetic fields interface.

Some background - I have simulated triboelectric effect here, where surface charge densities on the two plates is given, and distance between plates is varied.

Most of the work on boardroom diversity addresses gender diversity. Few studies now include ethnic diversity in the boardroom. Yet, there is dearth of understanding of sexual orientation and disability diversity in the boardroom. Would you think that we will have soon charters, initiatives and research projects on this topic? If there are any new initiatives on sexual orientation diversity and disability diversity in the boardroom, I would love to join and support.

I am investigating transitions into self-employment for people with disabilities. The literature appears quite thin so happy to hear of any works in this area.

Promote strategies and sensitize society that the deaf community is part of us that they have the same needs and abilities as all human beings, in order to live in a quiet environment with a person with a hearing disability.

Physical fitness is essential to allow people to carry out everyday activities. It is often particularly low in stroke survivors. It may limit their ability to perform everyday activities and also worsen any stroke-related disability. So, it is recommended that seniors do exercises in order to improve cognitive function, quality of life, and the ability to maintain physical activity. On the other hand, other researchers say that training programs increase the risk of having another stroke.

Dear all,

Is there any available FDA-approved drug that can disable the formation of amyloid plaques or attenuate the progression of Alzheimer's disease once plaque formation is initiated ??

Thanks a lot for your concern

I am working on the sample size I can use for my survey that will be applied in different countries. The target population is people with mobility impairments. I couldn't find clear statistics about the portion of people with mobility impairments around the world. Any suggestions or ideas would be helpful! Thanks!

Knee osteoarthritis need good handling of pain complian as a disability and limiting activity we suppose that those patient need a rehabiltation plane especially before knee replacement or arthroplasty

Hi,

Currently, I am a final year Accounting and Business Finance degree student at Heriot-Watt University Malaysia. The dissertation topic and the area I have chosen looks at whether or not can an accountant, auditor, or anyone with an accounting background working in a firm that relates to accounting, solely relies on the Accounting Code of Ethics alone to solve accounting or financial ethical issues and challenges in Malaysia.

I would be very grateful if you could complete this survey for me. If you have the spare time to do it then you can help me to fill up this survey which will take you approximately 3-5 minutes which depends on the individuals. All of the survey answers which all of you have submitted will help me to conclude my findings and help me finish my research.

I have disabled the function to collect email addresses in this survey which will make your answers anonymous which means I will not have your personal information. I would be very grateful if you could help me fill up this survey and hope that you have a nice day. Thanks in advance.

I have data on perceived physical impedance faced by persons with disability at the time of movement for particular routes for seven different study area for certain number of samples. For example, I have R1 route in study area S1 and I have perceived physical impedance value for R1 route from 35 persons with disability living in S1 . I have R2 route in study area S2 and I have perceived physical impedance value for R2 route from 35 persons with disability living in S2 Similarly, I have values of perceived physical impedance of other selected routes for other study areas for selected number of people. I want explore the correlation between physical impedance value with socio-demographic factors like age. Can I use spatial auto correlation in this regard? If these is any other tool that can I use in the given context please inform me.

Thank you.

Existing transport and mobility restrictions are: reduced public transport services (number of buses, metro), reduced capacity (number of passengers) by social distancing inside the public transport vehicles, deactivate public transport services or shared mobility modes like city bike (bike sharing), carsharing, deactivate buses, trains, flights between cities and countries, car-traffic ban between cities and countries, etc.

I want to calculate Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of leprosy affected persons (alive cases). Please inform me how shall I calculate DALYs of leprosy affected persons.

The cross-cultural adaptation of a health status questionnaire or tool for use in a new country, culture, and/or language requires a unique methodology in order to reach equivalence between the original source and target languages. It is now recognized that if measures are to be used across cultures, the items must not only be translated well linguistically, but also be adapted culturally to maintain the content validity of the instrument across different cultures. In this way, we can be more confident that we are describing the impact of a disease or its treatment in a similar manner in multi-national trials or outcome evaluations. The term "cross-cultural adaptation” is used to encompass a process which looks at both language (translation) and cultural adaptation issues in the process of preparing a questionnaire for use in another setting (Hill et al. & Kirwan et al.cited Beaton’s et al. 2000). The process of cross-cultural adaptation strives to produce equivalency based on content. This suggests the other statistical properties such as internal consistency, validity and reliability might be retained. However, this is not necessarily the case. For example, if the new culture has a different way of doing a task included within a disability scale that makes it inherently more or less difficult to do relative to other items in the scale, the validity would likely change particularly in terms of item-level analyses (such as item response theory, Rasch). Further testing should be done on an adapted questionnaire to verify the psychometric properties. What's your opinion?

Good afternoon,

Does anyone know of any articles that show correlation or study of the connection between childhood trauma and disability diagnosis in the educational setting? Trauma can be defined through experience (abuse), ACE scores, or PTSD diagnosis. It is my goal to create a meta-analysis synthesizing the information!

Thank you,

Dave

when patient with disability come seeking for contraception what are the best points to consider before decide type of contraception?

Now a days clinicians are more keen to use the patient oriented self reported outcome instruments in their clinical practices and studies. Self reported instruments better predict functional status, represent a patient’s view and capture the full extent of disability. Specified questionnaire based on a particular disease or condition are potentially more responsive and sensitive than others. But there is no clear instruction or references about how to calculate sample size in PROMs? Can anyone help me in this regard?

The diversity + inclusivity by Design Research Lab (d+iD), School of Design, the University of Greenwich is currently working on an EU project and exploring ideas on how to design inclusively to engage people deeply throughout the design process, sharing our practices and amalgamating people’s unique knowledge as design interventions.

Through practice research d+iD will amplify, diversify, and mobilise this under-investigated aspect of practice and discourse; where design acts inclusively regardless of disability, gender, ethnicity, vulnerability, language or age.

We are looking for people to answer our question and elaborate their way of thinking in relation to their own experiences.

The outcomes of the question will be used to inform future research

Hello RG,

First post on RG :)

I am tasked with establishing stratification systems for the purposes of measuring statistics related to mental health delivery and capacity. I come from an IT background so wondering if others might be familiar with common systems or strategies to classify services such as:

Example :

ASAM Risk Rating Crosswalk for mental health risk.

CALOCUS Child and Adolescent levelof care utilization system.

Thank You

Please guide me to run the TensorFlow code from the following link and run without error.

https://github.com/TianLin0509/BF-design-with-DL

I am facing following error while I am trying to run :

File "train.py", line 50, in model.fit(x=[H_input, H, SNR], y=H, batch_size=256, epochs=50000, verbose=2, validation_split=0.1, callbacks=[reduce_lr, checkpoint]) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py", line 66, in _method_wrapper return method(self, *args, **kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py", line 848, in fit tmp_logs = train_function(iterator) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/def_function.py", line 580, in call result = self._call(*args, **kwds) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/def_function.py", line 644, in _call return self._stateless_fn(*args, **kwds) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py", line 2420, in call return graph_function._filtered_call(args, kwargs) # pylint: disable=protected-access File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py", line 1665, in _filtered_call self.captured_inputs) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py", line 1746, in _call_flat ctx, args, cancellation_manager=cancellation_manager)) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py", line 598, in call ctx=ctx) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/execute.py", line 60, in quick_execute inputs, attrs, num_outputs) tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.InvalidArgumentError: In[0] and In[1] must have compatible batch dimensions: [9,1,64] vs. [64,9,1] [[node model/lambda_1/MatMul (defined at /content/drive/My Drive/BF-design-with-DL-master/BF-design-with-DL-master/utils.py:28) ]] [Op:__inference_train_function_1697]

Function call stack: train_function

Thanks in advance

I think it is essential to know how professionals and experts view special education and what constitutes as more important.

I am researching about Islam and disability. How do Islamic values ​​explain disability, both legally and aspects of social life with disabilities? I'm looking for reading resources to answer the problem.

Three years old girl diagnosed with Mutations in GNB1 which causes severe neurodevelopmental disability, hypotonia, and seizures. The child is restless and crying constantly, especially after seizures attack. The parents are convinced that the child is suffering of pain. Till now, physician have tried NSAIDs, and cannabis (both high CBD, or balanced THC and CBD).

What would you suggest for pain control? We were about to start opioids but still uncertain.

WARNING: cannot load the GPU solver library:

WARNING: GPU Acceleration Disabled

When I tried to measure using controldesk, this message keep appear

"Timer resynchronization is not possible for device Platform. The interface used does not support the synchronization mechanism."

How can I solve this. Reported to dspace support but they couldn't figure it out as well. Hope someone could help. It could not measure even a simple sine wave. Only pulse can be measured. Tried disable the timer synchronization box, end up the message did not occur anymore but still there is no signals on the plotter. 

Social exclusion is a process by which certain groups are systematically disadvantaged because they are discriminated against on the basis of their ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, caste, descent, gender, age, disability, HIV status, migrant status or where they live.

To conduct a study with people with severe/profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities, it is important to ensure that the participating persons actually meet these sample criteria. -> From an international perspective, what are the most common ways/assessments/approaches to achieve this? Based on a little literature review, there are three possibilities:

(In terms of an assessment/questionnaire, it would be great if there were an English and a German version.) I am really interested in your feedback and your experiences.

The additive would need to be inert and not offer any microbicidal/microstatic effect. The goal here would be to use traidional micro methods to enumerated CMC bioload.

The gelling property makes it quite difficult to use these almost-exclusively aquoeus methods with satisfactory results. Additionally, the gelling property also disables the tester from using enough of a CMC sample mass to be meaningful, as anything more than, say, 0.25 g in 40-50 mL of water-based buffer/media risks gelling (and therefore potential corruption of the method). Even if a count can be obtained, it's not practical to assume that the 0.25-gram sample that was tested represents the bioload of a 50-lb drum of CMC.

Disabling the gelling, while not disabling the viable microbes it harbors, would theoretically allow for traditional methods on meaningful sample sizes.

Hi all, thanks for your help in advance.

I have several health measures relating to pain that are included in a study I am working on. In case it's important, they are the following:

· Numerical rating scale for back pain

· Inflammatory back pain questionnaire

· Oswestry Disability Index

· Non arthritic hip score (NAHS)

· Knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS)

· Disability arm shoulder hand (DASH) questionnaire

As you can see, they mostly refer to pain that resides in specific areas of the body. I am only interested in if they experience pain in any of these areas, so would like to merge them all into a 'pain' variable, likely binary (0=no pain 1=pain).

Are there are recommendations or procedures for doing this? The process could range from the very simple (1=report of moderate pain in any questionnaire) to the more complex (a confirmatory factor analysis of all the questions in each of these questionnaires using a 2 (no pain or pain)/3 (no pain, some pain, extreme pain) model framework).

This will end up in a structural equation model exploring how variable1 affects variable 2. Pain is associated with both variable 1 and 2. There will be a large sample size (>1000) but also potentially a lot of variables, hence the attempt to reduce these pain questionaires down into a single variable.

While doing CFD modelling, It is required to to select section as Fluid , which is disabled in my software, so anyone please help me regarding this. For this problem I have attached screen shot.

Hi,

Some researchers do not allow comments on their publications.

Is it a good practice to avoid criticisms in Sciences?

Hi,

I have user requirements list of a software for disabled individuals. The user requirements were already prioritize according to the importance. How do I use this prioritize value in the design phase of user-centered design process?

Now, I would like to specify the system function based on user requirements. What type of process/method can be used to specify system functions? And how can I add usability attribute with the system functions?

I need the answer of these above question. Its really urgent.

Best regards,

Md. Sazzad Hossain