Dielectrics - Science topic

Microwaves are an influential, reliable energy basis that may be adapted to several functions. Recognizing the fundamental technique following for microwaves will supply the chemical researchers with the right equipment and knowledge to be skilled to effectively apply microwave energy to any synthetic path. Microwaves represent an alternative sourc...

This study investigated the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of third-generation Mn-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (Mn: PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals with varying PT content using alternating current poling (ACP) and direct current poling (DCP) at room temperature. Ten types of samples were taken sequentially from the top to th...

In this study, we propose a theoretical framework to explore the interactions between flexible polymer chains, specifically polyelectrolytes (PEs). Our analysis reaffirms that the thermodynamic drive for complex coacervation is influenced by key factors such as the number of ions bound to the polymer backbone and the entropy associated with free io...

A statistical thermodynamic theory is employed to study the grafted polyelectrolyte layers (GPELs) at dielectric interfaces, focusing on the coupling effects of dielectric contrast (Δε), ionic strength, and excluded volume. The dielectric contrast induces an image-charge effect near the interface, whose influence on GPELs remains to be further expl...

The present work examines the surface degradation and charge transport mechanism of silicone rubber material with nano-size alumina trihydrate (ATH) and low-melting glass powder (LMGP) fillers, aged in an acid rain solution. The immersion in acid rain forms acid/salt contamination layers on the silicone rubber surfaces. Scanning electron microscope...

This paper presents a 4 × 2 plasmonic encoder with a high extinction ratio and low crosstalk for use in photonic integrated circuits. The waveguides comprise SiO2 dielectrics sandwiched within a thick silver layer, forming metal–insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides. In the design procedure, a 3-dB coupler is designed using the coupled mode th...

Plasmonic metamaterials and all-dielectric metamaterials, based on metallic or dielectric nanostructures, can concentrate light into subwavelength regions and manipulate light at nanometre length scales through the collective oscillation of free electrons in a metal (plasmon resonances) or from the oscillation of polarization charges and the circul...

With technological advancements driving the demand for innovative materials, triple tungstate compounds, like Li2Mg2(WO4)3 (LMWO), offer exceptional properties for optoelectronic technologies. To investigate these potential outcomes, the LMWO compound was prepared via the solid-state reaction approach. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a sing...

Detection of the optical polarization states is attractive and promising for various polarization-related applications. In this study, we numerically present two different kinds of compact, crosstalk-free, and highly accurate polarization detectors, a symmetric dielectric metasurface and a chiral dielectric metasurface. The two metasurface designs...

Excellent power density, quick charge/discharge rates, and great energy storage capacity of lead-free dielectric ceramic capacitors have drawn a lot of interest. In this work, doping with Bi0.88La0.12ScO3 (BLS) enhanced the relaxation behavior and energy storage characteristics of Bi0.5Na0.46Li0.04TiO3 (BNLT)-based ceramics. Grain size was greatly...

This paper proposes a Silicon-Graphene heterojunction barrier gate structure tunneling field effect transistor (SG-BG TFET) to solve the issue of low sensitivity in bio-detection. The sensor employs the dielectric modulation effect to achieve highly sensitive, label-free detection of biomolecules. The biomolecules are confined in the cavity under t...

To investigate the relationship between the degree of surface oxidation of delignification materials and their dielectric properties, sodium periodate was used to oxidize the delignification samples of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolia and Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl. The degree of oxidation was reflected by the degree of substitution of aldehyde...

In this study, the functional gradient materials (FGMs) were the first attempt to homogenise the electric field distribution in the cable accessory, where zinc oxide particles (ZnOk) were filled into ethylene propylene diene monomer with the compositionally gradient distribution using laminating and hot‐pressing methods. The constructed FGMs with s...

This manuscript explores the coherent manipulation of the surface plasmon polaritons at the interface of a four-level dielectric medium and gold metal through the effect of Cross-Kerr nonlinearity. The study examines how the SPPs sensitivity can be significantly influenced by both the driving and Kerr fields, with additional dependencies on the dif...

Levitated dielectric particles in a vacuum have emerged as a new platform in quantum science, with applications in precision acceleration and force sensing, as well as testing quantum physics beyond the microscopic domain. Traditionally, particle levitation relies on optical tweezers formed by tightly focused laser beams, which often require multip...

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) terahertz Metamaterial Perfect Absorber (MPA) based on the phase change feature of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is proposed. The proposed absorber consists of two square loops of vanadium dioxide (VO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the dielectric substrate and a layer of gold (Au) acting as the ground. Phase transition...

The electrical insulation of traditional polyimides (PI) dielectrics for capacitive energy storage will be significantly destroyed at elevated temperatures due to enhanced conductive loss caused by strong conjugated effect and charge transfer (CT) interactions. To address this issue, novel PI dielectrics are designed and synthesized based on charge...

Lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted increasing attention owing to their advantages of reduced toxicity, photo-detectability, switchable dielectric device application, ferroelectric properties and distinctive optical characteristics. Despite their promising features, the chemical engineering of hybrid perovskites remains a...

In this paper, we present the design, simulation, fabrication, and measurements of an on-chip dielectric resonator (DR)-fed millimeter-wave high-gain antenna system with in-antenna power combining capability. A low-profile resonant cavity antenna is fed by four spherical DR, showcasing the antenna’s multi-feed capabilities. Each DR is fed by two mi...

One‐ and two‐electron‐oxidized species of two π‐conjugated systems that adopt close π‐stacking structures are referred to as π‐mers and π‐dimers, respectively. These cationic species exhibit intriguing physicochemical properties that are markedly distinct from those of their parent monomeric radical cations. In this study, we have achieved the chem...

Chirally responsive metasurfaces have a wide range of applications in nanophotonics, including imaging, virtual reality, and optical encryption. Most metasurfaces, with a high chiral optical response, are typically constructed from two or more layers of metasurfaces stacked with a rotational or translational offset. This requires precise layer alig...

The synthesis of p-type two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor 2H-MoTe2 films on various dielectric substrates is essential for realizing multilayer architectures for electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, achieving high-efficiency and complete 2H phase fabrication on diverse substrates is challenging. In this study, a multipoint nucleation ap...

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) that realize active transmittance or reflectance modulation under reversible electrical stimuli have triggered intense research interest and consequently plenty of practical applications. However, the majority of inorganic electrochromic materials have limited color switching versatility. To solve the drawbacks, we int...

This paper presents a hybrid two-dimensional (2D) microstructure, consisting of an Ag layer and a GaAs dielectric sandwich, which enhances sensing capabilities by exciting surface plasmon resonance in the metal layer, distinguishing it from conventional guided mode resonance structures. The absorption peak reaches a maximum of 99.8% with a full wid...

In this work, we explore the implications of the Cohen and Glashow Very Special Relativity (VSR) theory, a framework that introduces Lorentz invariance violation through the presence of a preferred direction. Our analysis focuses on the impact of VSR on the Cherenkov angle, revealing modifications to the dispersion relation of particles, particular...

Scalable integrated single‐photon sources are critical for quantum photonics and can enable applications such as high‐speed quantum communication and quantum information processing. To establish a scalable platform, the single‐photon sources require large on‐chip photon extraction rates, which means the emission rates need to be substantially enhan...

Shaping of short laser pulses offers versatile applications in laser material processing, quantum state encoding, ultrafast bio‐chemical reactions, and optical communication. Optical metasurfaces have emerged as highly influential and versatile tools for exerting precise control over the properties of incident light. Dielectric Huygens' metasurface...

Dielectric integration of layered semiconductors is a prerequisite for fabricating high-quality optoelectronic, valleytronic, and quantum-photonic devices. While hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is the current benchmark dielectric, exploration of the most suitable dielectric materials covering the complete substrates continues to expand. This work dem...

This study utilizes a theoretical framework to investigate the coherent control of surface plasmon resonance sensing at the interface between graphene and a dielectric material. The focus is on how different parameters linked to the driving fields, such as the detuning of the probe and control fields, the Rabi frequency of the control field, and de...

The selection of fabrication method is essential in dielectric layer fabrication of the field-effect transistors. In this study, the second harmonic generation (SHG) signals are observed from the interfaces between high-κ dielectric layers fabricated by different methods and silicon substrate, a promising class of silicon-based microelectronic and...

The exceptional ability of optical metasurfaces to manipulate light has enabled integrated analog computing and image processing in ultracompact, energy‐efficient platforms that support high speeds. To date, metasurfaces have demonstrated various analog processing functions, including differentiation, convolution, and classification. However, a fun...

This work investigated composites formed from Ba2TiSi2O8 – CaTiO3 in the microwave region, as well as their dielectric properties, dielectric permittivity (ε’r), dielectric loss (tan δ), and quality factor (Q x fr). Solid-state synthesis was employed for the preparation of the Ba2TiSi2O8 ceramic matrix and the composites were obtained by mixing the...

Metamaterials exhibiting exotic electromagnetic properties present new opportunities for countering multi-spectrum detection technologies. In this paper, a hybrid metamaterial with broadband radar cross section reduction (RCS) and low infrared (IR) emissivity for multispectral stealth was proposed. This hybrid metamaterial consists of a two-dimensi...

The Maxwell Equations are Universal and Exact and do not depend on material parameters, when written without dielectric approximation. Universal and Exact Equtions are scary to scientists like me , trained to be skeptical��The Maxwell equations guarantee the perfect conservation of total current, including displacement current, in circuits and ev...

The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of a new cooling system whose mechanism is integrated with an immersion cooling system and a heat pipe mechanism. The study comprises an experimental test and a numerical analysis using the 1-D model. In the experiment, a metal heating block that simulated the pouch-type cell was used. It was...

To understand the underlying microscopic mechanisms that drive ferroelectricity in AgNbO 3 , a response‐function calculation of its dielectric and dynamical properties in the paraelectric cubic structure, the precursor to its ferroelectric behavior, is conducted. The results reveal significant charge transfer along the NbO bond, with the Born effe...

In this article, a κ-Ga2O3 cap layer is introduced as gate dielectric to achieve E-mode GaN p-channel heterostructure FETs (p-HFETs). Due to the high spontaneous polarization of κ-Ga2O3, 2DEG that up to 1.51 × 10¹⁴ cm− 2 are induced at the κ-Ga2O3/GaN interface. Based on device simulations, the threshold voltage (VTH) can reach a high value of -2.4...

Reverse ferroelectricity in quantum dielectric physics

This study explores the optical and plasmonic properties of the gold/rubidium nanocomposite, wherein gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are uniformly embedded into a coherently prepared rubidium (Rb) atomic media. This study takes into account the effects of the size, shape and volume fraction of AuNPs, and control field frequencies using localized surface...

In this work we propose and illustrates a novel approach to 4D (time-resolved position-sensitive) monitoring / controlled study of the vacuum MEMS dynamics under the electron beam, based on the application of stroboscopic TV-SEM, SEM registration of the surface dielectric charging of the active elements of MEMS and the corresponding EDXRS mapping (...

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a remarkable phase-change material whose temperature-driven insulator-to-metal transition unlocks powerful tunability in the THz regime. Here, we present a VO2-based metasurface that not only achieves over 90% absorption efficiency across a broad 1.27–2.64 THz range when in its metallic phase, but also transitions into a n...

In this work, acidified and helical carbon nanotubes were prepared by magnetron sputtering, and their electromagnetic parameters and absorption properties were analyzed. Their mechanism of electromagnetic wave-absorbing attenuation was investigated through the finite element method. The acidification and spiralization treatments reduced the diamete...

Cherenkov radiation, classically understood as electromagnetic emission due to charged particles exceeding the phase velocity of light in a dielectric medium, may possess a deeper, more exotic origin in certain quantum field theoretical contexts. We propose a speculative framework wherein the emission is not solely a kinematic consequence but poten...

We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from 78.62 to 83.95 μ eV / c 2 with a dielectric haloscope prototype for (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative dark photons would convert to detectable photons within a stack consisting of three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this...

This article is devoted to the study of the possibility of detecting breast tumors, which can be used for early diagnostics of breast cancer, by the dielectric impedance spectroscopy method. Dielectric impedance spectroscopy is a version of the bioimpedance spectroscopy method, based on the concept of breast tissue as a heterogeneous dielectric, th...

Vacuum switches are widely utilized in the medium-voltage switchgear field due to their rapid dielectric recovery characteristics and environmental friendliness. This study addresses the unclear mechanism by which anode spots affect cathode splashing erosion in vacuum arcs. Under fixed electrode distance conditions, we experimentally investigated t...

This project presents the design, simulation, and fabrication of a compact dual-band patch antenna using a stacked structure, targeting 2.25 to 2.35 GHz and 5.6 to 5.8 GHz ISM bands. A stacked configuration was chosen over a slotted design for its better performance, featuring two copper patches separated by dielectrics, with a single feed line and...

To meet the production requirements of high-performance lead-free dielectric capacitor, Bi0.1Na0.7NbO3 (BNN) was introduced into Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5TiO3 (BNKT) ceramics. The phase structure, microstructure, dielectric, and energy storage properties of BNKT-xBNN (x = 0–0.20) were systematically analyzed. The incorporation of BNN reduced the remnan...

Rational design of thermoplastic composites exhibiting temperature-stable dielectric response and minimized thermal expansion holds significant technological importance for advanced electrical and electronic applications. This study demonstrates a novel strategy to attain these aims through the integration of copper vanadate (β-Cu2V2O7) particles i...

Pinching antennas, implemented by applying small dielectric particles on a waveguide, have emerged as a promising flexible-antenna technology ideal for next-generation wireless communications systems. Unlike conventional flexible-antenna systems, pinching antennas offer the advantage of creating line-of-sight links by enabling antennas to be activa...

Controlling directional radiation with minimal loss and fabrication effort through scalable methods is essential for integrating metasurfaces into photonic devices. Existing strategies enable tuning radiation properties by altering optical parameters of subwavelength dielectric gratings. Herein, a simple method is demonstrated to control the radiat...

Circularly polarized light (CPL), when tightly focused, can generate longitudinal spin-induced orbital angular momentum (OAM) through spin-to-orbit conversion (STOC). While STOC in single-focal systems is well studied, multi-focal STOC remains underexplored. In this Letter, we proposed a multi-focal STOC strategy that leverages tightly focused CPL...

CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBN) ceramics exhibit extremely high Curie temperature, but the low high‐temperature resistivity and low piezoelectric properties in ceramics limit their application in high‐temperature sensors. In this work, the effect of W⁶⁺ donor doping on dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties, and resistivity of CBN ceramics were syste...

A dual polarization perfect absorber based on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystals within the mid-infrared (M-IR) spectral regime has been displayed numerically. The newly developed absorber comprises hBN film applied on a substrate, with a spacer layer between the film and a series of dielectric square arrays. The absorber has nearly 100% polari...

This article presents a comprehensive three-dimensional canonical quantization to treat quantum plasmonics for finite metallic or dielectric media of arbitrary shape. We use a microscopic model for the dissipative and dispersive medium coupled with the electromagnetic field, which is justified by the fact that if one integrates the degrees of freed...

This paper introduces hybrid inputs using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for reconstructing microwave images of uniaxial objects. Specifically, scattered field data is obtained through IoT sensors, and artificial intelligence techniques are employed to enable real-time electromagnetic imaging. The presented method combines a U-Net architecture wi...

Dust removal is essential for sustaining energy supplies in Mars exploration missions and base facilities. Existing devices typically depend on external power supplies, which may be inadequate in the harsh Martian environment. This paper proposes a novel wind‐driven ternary four‐phase soft‐soft contact triboelectric nanogenerator (FPS‐TENG) for dus...

Radiation shielding and dielectric analysis of lead boro silicate glasses

A Huygens source dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with unidirectional radiation pattern is presented. It consists of a coaxial probe exciting a rectangular, homogeneous and uniaxial anisotropic dielectric resonator (DR). To obtain a Huygens source radiation pattern, a pair of quasi‐TM and TE modes are combined by controlling the permittivity tens...

The physical properties of double halide perovskite K2NaTiA6 (A=Cl and Br) were investigated using the first principles study root using the Wien2k package for renewable energy generation and solar cell applications. Research on halides is expanding in the field of optoelectronics and is believed to meet the requirements for addressing energy short...

We propose using highly excited cyclotron states of a trapped electron to detect meV axion and dark-photon dark matter, marking a significant improvement over our previous proposal and demonstration [One-electron quantum cyclotron as a milli-ev dark-photon detector, .]. When the axion mass matches the cyclotron frequency ω c , the cyclotron state i...

Split‐Gate MOSFET (SG‐MOSFET) is promising in power‐switching circuits due to the fast turn‐on/off speed and low switching loss. However, in higher‐frequency applications, the gate architecture needs to be changed to obtain the improved high‐frequency figure of merit (HF‐FOM) over the SG‐MOSFET. In this paper, a planar split‐gate SiC MOSFET with Lo...

Current microwave metasurfaces predominantly suffer from the disadvantages of optically opaque and phase-only modulation, which inevitably hinder their application potential. Herein, we have proposed a simple but efficient strategy for designing a multifunctional metasurface that is capable of simultaneously achieving visible transparency and micro...

Soft fluidic systems can be a versatile tool to design human–machine interfaces such as hydraulic actuators, liquid displays, and thermal haptics. Yet the bulkiness, noise, and rigidity of pumps and valves required for fluid circulation prevent their use in flexible and portable devices. This study introduces an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) driven fle...

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative for solving partial differential equations, offering a mesh-free framework that incorporates physical laws directly into the learning process. In this study, we explore the application of PINNs for solving unsteady Maxwell's equations and compare their perform...

With the advancement of Materials Genome Initiative, there is an urgent need for nondestructive, rapid characterization methods for obtaining electrical transport properties and phonon information of materials. In this article, we develop a method using the dielectric resonant spectroscopies of materials to derive critical parameters such as conduc...

The Keldysh theory of photoionization for bulk dielectrics is generalized to atomically thin two-dimensional semiconductors. We derive closed-form formulas and their asymptotic forms for a two-band model with a Kane dispersion, without and with the corrected multiphoton-order-dependent phase in the transition amplitude. We also derive selection rul...

To enhance the ablation resistance of cathodes in high-power arc heaters, this study pioneered an innovative methodology through synergistic integration of ultra-high-speed laser cladding with micro-multi-electrodes technology. Capitalizing on the matched emissivity characteristics between LaB6 and copper matrix, in situ fabrication of arc dielectr...

In works [1-3] a new class of microwave antennas was investigated for simultaneously performing the functions of spatial distribution of the radiation field and at the same time frequency filtering. The obtained results and design principles cannot be transferred to shorter-wave-infrared, optical frequency ranges due to the known shortcomings of ph...

The recent development of drugs able to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases has created an urgent need for tests that can be readily used by practitioners. Detection directly in patients’ blood has recently emerged as a possibility, however it remains a challenge, because relevant biomarkers, including amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, are small, with low c...

Bound states in the continuum (BICs), due to their unique properties to confine light, have recently been studied intensively in dielectric gratings. To manipulate BICs, several methods are commonly used, such as using a reshaped resonant element, two asymmetric elements, misaligned stacked gratings, and so on, but more tuning degrees of freedom ar...

This paper presents a compact and miniaturized microstrip antenna (MA) using a slow wave artificial dielectric substrate (SW‐ADS). The antenna substrate consists of two rows of metal cylinders connected to the ground plane along with another row of metal cylinders connected to the feed line of the patch to increase its effective dielectric constant...

The recently suggested concept of a polaritonic Fourier crystal (PFC) is based on a harmonically-corrugated mirror substrate for a thin pristine polaritonic crystal layer. The propagating polaritons in PFC experience a harmonic and mode-selective momentum modulation leading to a manifestation of Bloch modes with practically zero inter-mode scatteri...

Sarazaremanesh,Azamakalili,Amirrastegarnea,mortezacobin Significant features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks make it suitable for modern military communication. Thesecharacteristics also weaken the security aspects in terms of attacks. Among the attacks, black hole and greyhole attacks are notable since they are launched internally and cannot be identifi...

It is so important to predict electric fields in advance before designing electrical devices or electronic products. In general, an electric field for an electric device to be designed is usually calculated using a commercial numerical analysis program. However, numerical analysis programs are very expensive, require high specifications for compute...