Diagnostic Radiology - Science topic

The utilization of thermo-luminescence (TL) dosimetry is prevalent in the field of radiation protection, the assessment of absorbed dose in patients undergoing diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy is notably crucial. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the thermoluminescence properties of Li2B4O7:Cu phosphors subsequent to expos...

The 3D printing techniques have found applications across diverse fields, significantly enhancing design and manufacturing processes. The impact of this growth is particularly notable in radiology, where 3D printing has been applied to developing quality control tools and advancing dosimetry techniques. 3D printing has the advantage of having a wid...

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE), a common heart and blood vessel disease, causes complications such as haemodynamic instability and cardiovascular mortality. Timely diagnosis and treatment are imperative for managing this potentially life-threatening condition.Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between an elevated D-di...

The 3D printing techniques have found applications across diverse fields, significantly enhancing design and manufacturing processes. The impact of this growth is particularly notable in radiology, where 3D printing has been applied to developing quality control tools and advancing dosimetry techniques. 3D printing has the advantage of having a wid...

X-ray interactions with matter are fundamental to the success of medical imaging, influencing image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and patient safety. This study critically explores the primary interaction mechanisms—photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering, and coherent scattering—and their implications in various medical imaging modalities. By...

Introduction: Chest X-ray is the most frequently requested and performed diagnostic radiological examination in the Radiology Department for the identification of the problem in the thorax including main airways, lungs, mediastinum, heart, pleura and the chest wall. To enlist the common findings and the trend of findings in the chest radiographs in...

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and staging urinary bladder cancer, taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan, Pakistan...

Objective: Renal volume measurements are useful for differentiating between upper and lower urinary tract infections and for monitoring unilateral kidney disease by comparison with the other. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between renal volumes and BMI in the local population. Normal renal volume varies with BMI. Clin...

Background Since radiology reports are primarily written for health professionals, patients may experience difficulties understanding jargon and terminology used, leading to anxiety and confusion. Objectives This review evaluates the impact of different radiology report formats on outcomes related to patient information processing, including perce...

Purpose: Globally, women are underrepresented in Interventional Radiology (IR) and calls have been made to increase gender equity. In sub-Saharan Africa specifically, IR is a rapidly emerging field. However, concerns have been raised about the lack of women in IR in the region. The purpose of this study was to assess the state of women in IR in sub...

Aim This study aimed to evaluate perceptions and expectations towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in diagnostic radiology among radiologists across academic, non-academic and private practice settings in the Federal State of Styria, Austria. It also sought to determine how participant's characteristics and AI-specific knowledge might...

Background Research of interventional treatment success in arterial bleeding cases is almost exclusively focused on technical and procedural factors. This study investigates the effect of an improved preprocedural activation algorithm for acute arterial bleedings treated by interventional radiology. Methods During the three-year study period (2018...

Diagnostic radiation such as X-rays and CT scans play a central role in the diagnosis of diseases. Excessive radiation exposure poses a high risk for healthcare providers as well as patients, which may cause serious diseases such as cancer. Providing protection requirements in the radiation departments and continuous inspection to prevent radiation...

Objectives: To appraise the e-logbook entries done by university residents of Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU) and to review the approval status of those entries by respective supervisors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done to appraise different categories of e-logbook entries done by the university residents and approval stat...

Medical imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnostic medicine with technologies like Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and ultrasound scans being widely used to assist radiologists and medical experts in reaching concrete diagnosis. Given the recent massive uplift in the storage and proc...

While skin lesions are apparent on clinical exam, diagnostic imaging is sometimes warranted to assess the local and distant extent of disease. CT imaging offers high-resolution anatomical detail and is particularly valuable in delineating deep-seated lesions, bone involvement, and assessing metastatic spread. MRI provides excellent soft tissue cont...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of language selection and translation quality on Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4)'s response accuracy to expert-level diagnostic radiology questions. Materials and methods We analyzed 146 diagnostic radiology questions from the Japan Radiology Board Examination (2020–2022), with consen...

Despite the growing use of dose management systems (DMSs), there is limited guidance on their optimal setup. This study aims to fill this gap by outlining the process followed to integrate "DOSE" (Qaelum NV, Belgium) DMS within the Cypriot public hospitals. DOSE was connected to the available central PACS, followed by a thorough data and functionin...

This article explores the significant impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on radiology through a comprehensive analysis of eight articles published between 2018 and 2024. With the rapid progress of modern science, the diagnostic methods in medicine are subject to change, which creates the need to consider and evaluate new diagnostic techniques s...

This study evaluates diverse educational resources to address the gaps in diagnostic radiology education for medical students, aiming to identify tools that enhance theoretical knowledge and practical diagnostic skills. Employing a multi-faceted review, we analyzed digital platforms, academic databases, and social media for resources beneficial to...

Introduction With recent advancements, the usage of ionising radiation in diagnostic and therapeutic radiology is becoming increasingly important. Since the smallest dose of ionising radiation can also cause biological effects, most commonly indirect effects, minimising this is the biggest challenge. The current review discussed the efficacy of ant...

Background Radiologic technologists (RTs) are at the forefront of radiology departments and require optimal skills to demonstrate professionalism and effective provider–patient communication. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the reliability of 360-degree evaluation as a feedback tool to improve competencies in this crucial workfo...

Código: TM183O02 Docente: Dra. Carmen Cecilia Muñoz Barabino Créditos: 3 Carrera: Tecnología Médica-Radiología-UNMSM Duración: 16 semanas Proyecto a realizar: Desarrollo de un análisis crítico sobre los campos de acción en radiología, con énfasis en el rol del tecnólogo médico, bioseguridad y protección radiológica, utilizando herramientas digitale...

Background Despite the presence of safety protocols, the manual manipulation of radiopharmaceuticals continues to pose a significant occupational radiation risk. Health care professionals in nuclear medicine are at risk of radiation exposure, particularly to their hands and eyes. Despite existing protective measures, manual handling of radiopharmac...

Bright and fast scintillators are highly crucial for high-speed X-ray imaging in the medical diagnostic radiology including angiography and cardiac computed tomography. The CsPbBr3 nanocrystal scintillator featuring a nanosecond radioluminescence decay time is a promising candidate. However, it suffers from a substantial photon self-absorption limi...

In tandem with the ever-increasing global population, the demand for diagnostic radiology service provision is on the rise and at a disproportionate rate compared to the number of radiologists available to practice. The current “revolution in robotics” promises to alleviate personnel shortages in many sectors of industry, including medicine. Despit...

Background: The role of ionizing radiation in diagnostic radiology procedures and clinical treatments is crucial. Purpose: This study is based on the concept that Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) is the way to access the dose received by the patients during x-ray examinations. The present scientific study aims to estimate the dose received by the patien...

Diagnostic reference levels are one of the effective tools for optimizing patient radiation doses in diagnostic radiology. The staff of domestic radiology departments does not have an understanding of the development process and use of diagnostic reference levels during X-ray examinations, although this tool is a generally accepted in practice abro...

The practical implementation of radiation protection principles in the medical exposure of patients often tends to fall into one of two extremes: either excessive simplification of the methodology for assessing radiation health detriment, or its excessive complexity. An example of an excessively simplified approach is the assessment of radiation ri...

Background Τhe 2nd Regional Health Authority of Piraeus & Aegean constitutes a critical authority since it covers the healthcare needs of remarkable geographical region of Greece. Especially, the 2nd Regional Health Authority controls the radiology laboratories of healthcare centers both of Piraeus area and most of Aegean islands. Therefore, it was...

Background Competency of health professionals stands as a fundamental element in ensuring the quality of care. Notably, work stress and resilience are found to be associated with competency of health professionals. However, the role of resilience between work stress and competency remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate competency, work...

This study involved 300 patients, comprising 113 females and 187 males, from six X-ray units. The study focused on evaluating the patient dose for common X-ray examinations at selected hospitals in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, Tanzania. The achieved results were compared with previous studies and Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). Entrance surface...

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, parenchymal disease, now considered as fatal disease of the lungs, characterized by pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities. So far, little is known regarding the cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study aims to: investigate...

The correct selection of data acquisition protocols is crucial to improve diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency in diagnostic radiology. Automatic selection of optimal protocols using natural language processing and machine learning (ML) methods has been reported mostly in English. The primary objective of this study was to establish a feasib...

Ensuring the limited exposure of both patients and medical professionals to radiation during examinations is paramount. One effective approach is the utilization of a film dosimeter that is not only efficient but also easy to carry. In this research, we employed polyvinyl alcohol/nitro blue tetrazolium (PVA/NBT) with varying concentrations of NBT d...

Medical imaging instrumentation design and construction is based on radiation sources and radiation detectors/sensors. This review focuses on the detectors and sensors of medical imaging systems. These systems are subdivided into various categories depending on their structure, the type of radiation they capture, how the radiation is measured, how...

Mapping the vascular organization of the brain is of great importance across various domains of basic neuroimaging research, diagnostic radiology, and neurology. However, the intricate task of precisely mapping vasculature across brain regions and cortical layers presents formidable challenges, resulting in a limited understanding of neurometabolic...

Improving Diagnosis for Patient Safety in An Oncology Setting: Quality Initiatives AuthorsKhalid Al-Baimani ; Omar Ayaad; Rawan Ibrahim ; Razzan Al Zadjali ; Balaqis Al Faliti ; Huda AlAwaisi ; Ibrahim Al Haddabi ; Rashid AlSukaiti ; Adil AlAjmi ; Amal AlFahdi ; Shinnona AlHarthy ; Badriya Al Qassabi DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13729775 Key...

A medicina veterinária está sujeita às práticas radiológicas. Nos últimos anos, o uso da radiografia e tomografia computadorizada cresceu no ramo veterinário. Para esse uso são necessários cuidados com a proteção radiológica, como pede a Resolução RDC nº 611. Neste trabalho são discutidas as principais não conformidades de radioproteção observadas...

Background Research on healthcare disparities in pediatric radiology is limited, leading to the persistence of missed care opportunities (MCO). We hypothesize that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health disparities in access to pediatric radiology services. Objective Evaluate the social determinants of health and sociodemographic factor...

Traumatic pediatric hip dislocations are uncommon and can occur following minor trauma. This injury may be overlooked, as pediatric hip dislocations can reduce spontaneously prior to medical attention. In this scenario, the presenting hip radiographs may provide evidence of a prior transient hip dislocation episode by demonstrating signs of a nonco...

Ensuring a quality of diagnostic radiology along with increasing efficiency is a key task for healthcare system for both municipal medical facilities and private medicine. When a defective X-ray image is obtained, there is a need to re-conduct a examination, which in turn entails reputational, temporary and economic losses for a medical facility. R...

Background: Intussusception is a common cause of bowel obstruction in children, and early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications. Ultrasonography is widely used to diagnose intussusception, but its validity parameters in children have not been well-established. The objective of this study is to determine the validity parameters of ultrasonog...

Background Diagnostic radiology residents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may have to provide significant contributions to the clinical workload before the completion of their residency training. Because of time constraints inherent to the delivery of acute care, some of the most clinically impactful diagnostic radiology errors arise fr...

Giant cell tumors (GCT) are uncommon as primary tumors localized within the patella. This is a case report of a 25-year-old male who developed a GCT in his patella. The patient had intermittent right anterior knee discomfort for a year before presentation. The radiological features pointed to a benign illness. The GCT of the bone was the intraopera...

Background: Generally, quantifying radiation risks associated with diagnostic radiology has been a subject of interest with the increased use of X-rays. So, pelvis radiography is used as a focus for dose monitoring with the need to balance the risks and benefits of a new diagnostic modality. Objectives: This study assessed radiation dose and the ri...

Objective The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Data sources PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries up to 18 June 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included trials studies, compared the results of different researchers on CESM...

Purpose This study investigates the accuracy of either computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of various orbital diseases. Methods We collected 126 CT scans and 65 MRI scans from 144 subjects and asked two radiologists to interpret the images without clinical information. Images included 14 with a clini...

This study aimed to investigate the advantages, disadvantages, working methods, and support needs of physicians practicing teleradiology from home in Japan, as well as to explore challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 physicians (12 radiologists and 3 neurosurgeons) engaged in teleradiology serv...

The aim of this study was to experimentally assess the luminescence efficiency of a cerium fluoride (CeF3) inorganic scintillator in crystal form as a possible alternative to high-luminescence but hygroscopic cerium bromide (CeBr3). The experiments were performed under typical diagnostic radiology X-rays (50–140 kVp). Parameters such as the crystal...

A 48-year-old female with a background history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and noninsulin-dependent diabetes presented to our institution with emphysematous pyelonephritis of the right kidney diagnosed on CT. Both urine and blood culture grew multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. The patient developed severe thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, confusi...

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in various medical fields, including diagnostic radiology as a tool for greater efficiency, precision, and accuracy. The integration of AI as a radiological diagnostic tool has the potential to mitigate delays in diagnosis, which could, in turn, impact patients’ prognosis and treatment outcomes...

Diagnostic radiology has a vital role in the treatment of undifferentiated patients with uncommon presentations of aortic dissection. Prompt and appropriate imaging is essential to expediently diagnose patients with acute versus chronic aortic dissection. Understanding their key imaging findings is integral to connecting patients to appropriate lif...

Background Many radiology programs utilize a night-float system to mitigate the effects of fatigue, improve patient care, and provide faster report turnaround times. Prior studies have demonstrated an increase in discrepancy rates during night-float shifts. Objectives This study was performed to examine the effects of night-float shift work on rad...

Deep learning (DL) has recently emerged as a pivotal technology for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a critical tool in diagnostic radiology. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in DL for MRI reconstruction, and focuses on various DL approaches and architectures designed to improve image quality, accele...

Background Diagnostic imaging techniques are vital for diagnosing diseases. While the demand for these images is rising globally, it is essential that physicians in Palestine exercise caution, especially when requesting radiological exams for pediatric and possibly pregnant patients. This study aims at assessing physicians' understanding of radiati...

The performance of vision-language models (VLMs) with image interpretation capabilities, such as GPT-4 omni (GPT-4o), GPT-4 vision (GPT-4V), and Claude-3, has not been compared and remains unexplored in specialized radiological fields, including nuclear medicine and interventional radiology. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic a...

Ionizing radiation from medical sources, primarily diagnostic X-rays, constitutes the largest artificial contribution. Variances in patient doses across radiological departments for similar examinations prompted surveys on patient doses in diagnostic radiology globally. The study Assess the Entrance Skin Dose for paediatric patients during specific...

Optimization tasks in diagnostic radiological imaging require objective quantitative metrics that correlate with the subjective perception of observers. However, although one such metric, the structural similarity index (SSIM), is popular, it has limitations across various aspects in its application to medical images. In this study, we introduce a...

Introduction Non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nv-HAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection (HCAI), is associated with high mortality and morbidity and places a major burden on healthcare systems. Diagnosis currently relies on chest x-rays to confirm pneumonia and sputum cultures to determine the microbiological c...

Teleconferencing can facilitate a multidisciplinary approach to teaching radiology to medical students. This study aimed to determine whether an online learning approach enables students to appreciate the interrelated roles of radiology and other specialties during the management of different medical cases. Turkish medical students attended five 60...

In this study tissue equivalency of the polymeric materials was investigated by comparing with ICRP 110 Male Adult Computational Phantom tissues. For this purpose, radiological properties of polyamide (PA), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetraflu...

Diagnostic radiology is a key diagnostic tool in many different conditions and ccrucial for monitoring, treating, and predicting outcomes. Accurately interpreting basic radiological images is a paramount skill for medical professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clinical-phase medical students and interns' knowledge on evident findings...

Both humans and animals may experience fear and stressful conditions as a result of radiation exposure's psychological and cognitive impacts. There is evidence connecting radiation exposure to neuro-inflammation, apoptosis, and the death of neural stem cells in addition to cognitive decline. The goal of this systematic review is to provide a thorou...

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious condition that may develop in patients undergoing diagnostic radiologic procedures. Several treatments have been assessed to prevent CIN development. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin E in the prevention of CIN compared to intravenous (IV) saline hydration. The literature se...

Introduction and objective Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a subject with which preclinical medical students often struggle. Because case-based learning (CBL) engages students in discussions centered around complex clinical scenarios, it may be effective for teaching ILD to preclinical medical students by fostering the development of critical th...

Orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) affects the orbit and the surrounding structures and can arise as several subtypes with variable prognoses. We performed an observational study on the relationship between OAL subtype, diagnostic features, and prognosis to offer valuable insights into imaging techniques, such as Positron Emission Tomography...

Introduction Diagnostic imaging is vital in emergency departments (EDs). Accessibility and reporting impacts ED workflow and patient care. With radiology workforce shortages, reporting capacity is limited, leading to image interpretation delays. Turnaround times for image reporting are an ED bottleneck. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can i...

Applications focus on the following key aspects: Medical imaging and diagnostics: radiology ,cardiology Virtual patient care : active and sensible wearable technology Medical research and drug delivery Patient engagement and compliance Rehabilitation: physical (robotic) and virtual ( informatic) Other administrative applications.