Development Research - Science topic

Many scholars are enslaved to their previous expertise. It is for this reason that their research problem is tailored to match their areas of statistical expertise

@all Congratulations on your decision to apply for the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Fellowship! It's evident that you are deeply passionate and committed to your proposed research on fisheries governance, and I'm sure that your enthusiasm and dedication will shine through in your application.

As experienced colleagues in the field, we understand the importance of such prestigious fellowships and are more than willing to offer our guidance and support to help you create a compelling and competitive application. Here are some pieces of advice and suggestions that may assist you in the preparation process:

Wishing you the best of luck with your application! The MSCA Fellowship is an exciting opportunity, and we have no doubt that your commitment and dedication will make a significant impression on the evaluators.

Best regards,

I have an avatar based virtual world where you can code, terraform and build.

An equivalent platform to Second Life.

Having server access means total control.

Welcome to have look if you want too. It is a good platform for bringing people in as avatars and education

Both - it can be both - product or service with application or hypothetical.

As you know I studied about pesian carpet. After that I did alot of research abot it.

Actually I think there are alot of wonderful information about this art.

In my book I tried to explain important thing about a kourdish group infact they have attractive products with historical approach.

Mainly it depends on the objectives of your evaluation, but if you use JAP test, in my opinion it will very beneficial for you.

Kindly see also the following RG link:

I think it also depends on effectiveness of of the online materials and how these are used.

Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine seems effective against mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2.

The researchers' "production" will not contribute to a significant increase in the country's development. First, there must be industry and capital that will need science to develop further. Otherwise, the researchers will have to move to countries where their knowledge will be needed.

Therefore, in my opinion, we need to develop entrepreneurship first.

QGIS

Possible, with law enforcements.

I'm interested. Currently, I'm a PhD student at the Centre for Rural Health. This initiative would be beneficial. Kindly contact me paduatonia@yahoo.com

Obviosly , a nice weather will enhance your mood / creative mind ie research ability .

Thank you, yes I have tried that. Aileen

The best possible way to get into Higher degrees is get more publications. Actually, the more the merrier. Based on my observation, publications are one of the implicit conditions in most universities in the world.

If you do not have a publication, perhaps you have participated in a research? Involved in critical stage/stages in a research project? Involved in writing a paper, even without acknowledgement? Attended academic conferences?

Also, you can present a really nice research proposal.

Yes. There is easier access to publications because they are not limited to payments for access or membership.

Thumb-up. It is long overdue.

Following

I studying in "HR analytics Framework for State Owned Enterprises". My scope is organization level and in Thailand.

I recommend t you to analise a book of classification, There are several schemes for that application

Hi Nirjhar Dasgupta, thank you for the contribution. I will use these two files also in my research. Thanks for the contact.

Hi Choki Gyeltshen , many parks, perhaps all, have their management plans, but few make available for consultation these documents. This is my difficulty ... to have access to this data. Thanks for the contact.

Thanks Arturo Geigel

Short summary of all the responses.

Economics principally lacks spiritual sight as a today predominantly non-moral discipline.

Concerning entrepreneurial activity, spiritual intelligence (SQ) definitely plays a major role in new value creation and economic output. Not only the physical forces (tangibles) of a firm are value shapers, but also the spiritual forces (intangibles) of the respective team. Creativity and alertness, according to I.Kirzner (who is also a rabbi), are key spiritual forces of physical economic success.

This table may be useful:

Look, B. G. (2014). Handbook of geotechnical investigation and design tables. CRC Press.

Hello, may be some of followed can help to your research in third mentioned topic " research activities of professors at universities - We are primarily concerned here with the evaluation of the research achievements/activities of professors/scientists."

Beaneta Vasileva (from Technical University - Varna, BG) may be can help too, I think.

It could possibly be because most of those research are not problem oriented I. e those research are never designed in the first place to address any known problem that are of important to the development of African countries.

Hi Sylester,

You should contact: Prof. Nicolas Lampkin at the Welsh Institute of Rural Studies, The University of Wales in Aberystwyth, Wales, UK. At the same university more people who may me interested in collaborating with you could be: Susanne Padel, Sue Fowler, Lesley Langstaff and Tony O' Regan. Good Luck!

Drink plenty of water. Sleep at your normal sleep time during the plane.

Dear Fred

If you need more references please le me know. i could also try and retrieve my Leeds University lecture PPTs which I used for teaching a Leeds

Best wishes

Colin Barnes

Hi Imran,

I want to write that During PHD one should be focused only on PHD Studies during week days and during Exams. The rest of the week end Students should spend time with family and friends. I dont think Students should Ignore family and friends this is not phsycologicaly healthy to be Isolated. One must spend time with Friends and Family after all PHD Studies should be finished one day and you have to return to your family and friends.

Regards,

Hi everyone, and thank you for your valuable comments. It is evident that new technologies are well applied in support of spatial research and automation. The fundamental challenge of transmission delays still remains with other significant challenges of Power Supply, and Real-time Monitoring and Maintenance Support.

Read about 'Fuzzy motion control'.

Read the paper available at: http://mech-ing.com/journal/papers/6.pdf

Dear Dr. Wartha,

The main problem here is to define a role for the observer (you) that you can take and that allows you to stay in the field or at its edge and observe it at the same time.

The more public and unstructured the field is, the easier it will be to take a role that is not conspicuous and does not influence the field. The easier a field is to overlook, the more difficult it is to participate in it without becoming a member.

More commonly used in qualitative research is participant observation.

According to Denzin (1989), participant observation will be defined as s field strategy that simultaneously combines document analysis, interviewing of respondents and informants, direct participation and observation, and introspection.

The main features of the method are that you as a researcher dive headlong into the field.

You will observer from a member's perspective but also influence what you observe due to your participation.

openness is essential when collecting data based solely on communicating with the observed.

The participant observation should be understood as a process in two respects.

First, the researcher should increasingly become a participant and gain access to the field and to persons.

Second, the observation should also move through a process of becoming increasingly concrete and concentrated on the aspects that are essential for the research questions.

The participant observation has three phases:

1. DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATION, at the beginning, serves to provide the researcher with an orientation to the field under study. It provides nonspecific descriptions and is used to grasp the complexity of the field as far as possible and to develop (at the same time) more concrete research questions and lines of vision.

2. FOCUSED OBSERVATION narrows your perspective on those processes and problems, which are most essential for your question.

3. SELECTIVE OBSERVATION, toward the end of the data collection, is focused on finding further evidence and example for the types of practices and processes, found in the second step.

At a minimum, definitions of leadership are likely to vary by country, sector (or industry), and age group, conditioning perceptions of it as a characteristic or a process of, say, change, development, influence, service, etc.; within organizations, there will be differences too depending on integration, differentiation, and fragmentation perspectives.

PS: Leadership can also be distributed.

Your statement is incorrect that analytic solutions are faster and simpler than FEA solutions. You apparently have never worked in the real world of the analysis of multistage compressors in tilting pad bearings supported on nonlinear squeeze film dampers under large whirl orbits excited by aerodynamic cross coupling effects.

To view and download papers on modern rotor-bearing dynamics presentations please review our papers on our web site at www.rodyn.com. Please also feel free to send me any of your analytic papers on bearing or rotor dynamic analysis.

Analytic solutions were most useful when I was teaching fundamentals of dynamics of machinery and fluid film bearings.

However, in the real world of high speed turbines, compressors and highly nonlinear turbochargers, analytic solutions has little role outside of the class room.

In my opinion the guiding philosophy on the issue of milk production in camels should be "to work with nature not to rape nature". In my personal experience very high yielding camels are seldom able to have long lactations (over 12 months) and regular calving (every 2 years) and often develop udder problems. To select camels that produce 40 liters a day it may be possible but has a lot of disadvantages, a bit like selecting a cow for the Dubai World Cup horse race ! If you want lactating animals that produce 40 liters a day keep cattle not camels.

I think I know what you are asking. But I am not sure I can answer your question because it is not easy.

In the old days I used to write things on the blackboard. When done, I'll erase the board and write something else. Then came slides or transparencies. We had to prepare them ahead of time, but we can use slides repeatedly. Not just from one semester to another, but if a student has a question, I can go back to it. Unlike the days of the blackboard, if I already erased the board then a student asks a question, I can not go back to what I erased.

Then came power point. Now I can use a dark background with a light font or vice versa. I can animate and make things clearer, but here is the difficulty in answering your question. We do not know WHY a student understood a specific point. Is it because he/she is smart? It is because of the way I phrases the explanation? or is it because the animation I did made it very clear?

I think I understand what you are asking, but it is a difficult question to answer.

Con gusto Laura. Saludos, Guillermo

Knut Samset's book, Early Projet Appraisal, published by Palgrave Macmillan may also be useful for your proposed study. 

Dear Sir,

Yes you can use my paper in your work no problem at all

Thanks about  your consideration

Dr. Burhan Alomari

A screening of www.researchgate.net/project/Researcher-Skills-Improvement may lead you to some valuable links to follow up.

Please refer to the article

"Socioeconomic Progress across the Major Indian states: Converging or Diverging"

at

I think this is not about developmental research. In my opinion this is much more related to Research and Development Reseearch model. 

So Habsi

There are many models of R& D study

But, in my opinion all of these models consists of

1. Preliminary study stage

2. Prototyping stage,

3. Evaluation stage

4. Dissemination stage

In the preliminary study, you are trying to justify why you need to develop something new. You have to study the existing and cisculating softwares whether they are good or not. If you see that the existing softwares are not good, you have a chance to develop something new. But if the existing are already good, seemingly you dont have the chance for developing it. But, i believe that there is nothing perfect. Every softwares have its own deficiencies. Dont worry. You can find it out.

In the prototyping stage, you are trying to put the theories and new ideas into your project. You try to apply what you have learned and develop the desigin and its protytipe.

In the evaluation stage, you should evaluate your design and your product based on criteria that apply to your product. You have to revise, whenever needed, your prototype until the prottype fulfills the criteria. 

In the dissemintation, you will try to produce in and disseminate it in the market. 

You can search the web to study many R&D models. 

Good luck 

Hi, I would suggest you get in touch with Indus Earth Trust, Pakistan. They are working with water supply in the rural sector.  the email address is indusearthtrust@gmail.com.

They are establishing community organizations to manage water supply. perhaps they have women led organizations - they do have community organization where women are 50% of the members. 

Hello

I saw this - it is from UNIVERSITY OF YORK Social Policy Research Unit: 

I don't know if there is anything relevant for you.

These are some more links:

Very best wishes for your PhD,

Mary

My method is to interpret patterns of regular proportional change as probably indicating system growth and decay curves.   I then use that primary evidence of accumulative organizational development to help locate boundaries of the system and identify the working relationships within it.  One of the main uses for that is as a versatile forensic science tool.   

So for your example I'd look for periods of time when there was growth or decay in the culture (i.e. accumulative organizational change) to help identify what domain is being monopolized and how.  

An example of one of my studies is my investigation of why income levels in the US went from all changing in proportion to each other to all splitting apart.  In ~1970 all wage earning sectors stopped tracking the growth of the economy as they had before.  fyi, see: "Did the new 1964 SEC Rules wreck the US Economy??" at http://synapse9.com/signals/2016/05/26/did-1964-sec-rules-wreck-us-economy/

Dear Eric 

Thank you so much. I think you hit the nail, it is all about to avoid losses, wastes, time. Nevertheless, there are so many other approaches out of Toyota tools that address such goal of losses avoiding. Some are new one, as Manufacturing 4.0. And other are old one. As those linked to cleaner production, eco-efficiency etc. Also, I have found articles that highlight disadvantages of lean production in terms of the avoidance/elimination of intermmediary stocks, mainly in cases of supply chain disruption. I have found several examples of losses in Toyota, Nissan, and Seagate facilities in Thai during the 2011 floods in that country. There were mentioned losses due to lack of intermmediary stocks because the suppliers could not delivered raw materials during such natural disaster. Actually any system or theory work under limitation.

I would suggest also the inspiring keynote speech at the the SWSD2016 Conference in Seoul: The Benefits of Disclosure – One Step towards Ending HIV-Discrimination

Romy Mathys (Quartierverein Sentitreff Luzern & Aids Hilfe Bern, Switzerland) - The abstract is available here: http://swsd2016.org/swsd2016_final/papers/PLENARY/PL01-02.pdf

The key concepts, "systematic" and "approach"  need to be located in the actual lived experiences of people, [cf Pierre Bourdieu etc in this regard]. In this case you have to contrast different housing policies in different socio-historical contexts and then try to define what would be considered as "systematic" and "approach" in general and in relation to your own research context (s) -- as there are different systems and approaches. See my work on Pierre Bourdieu, etc

Best wishes with your research!

John J

As validity is inherently multidimensional, it all depends on what aspects of validity you want to assess. EFA/CFA provides information for appraising the structural validity of an instrument (which one you use will depend on the context of what is known theoretically about the instrument though when results from both analyses converge there is greater confidence in latent structure). Structural validity is necessary but not sufficient for construct validity. Once structural validity is established it is beneficial to examine relationships between those constructs and external criteria (i.e., do they predict things that we think they should, etc.).  

There is a very good article by Singh SR and Song PH.You can go through it.

Look up expert publications by UNDP on the topic

thank you to be so cheerful :)

I have also seen that, and I have a dream to study there, but I have a problem:) I have commitments ( I have a baby and I breastfeed him) and I Can not attend the course!

have you another solution?, if yes please don't Do not skimp byظ

Thanks

Perhaps the 'demonstration' would come from the argument that begins with the observation that sustained maximisation of profit in a changing world requires a constant focus on the minimisation of transaction costs, however they may be constituted.  It follows from this that minimisation of the transactions costs relevant to the sustained provision of an effective labour force requires that labour force to be acquiescent and compliant at minimum cost and least damage to their motivational profiles - they have to be de facto complicit in the supply of their labour even if not actually willing.  This 'ideal' is unlikely to be consistent with the presumed high physical costs of physical intimidation, a route which also has decreasing returns to length of time pursued since populations become inured and resentful to physical force and will eventually resort to similar physicality.    The least cost sustainable alternative, we know from the historical record, are those in which the populations believes in the desired status quo.  It might be argued that for fifty years the paradigm by and large enjoyed the benefits of such a system of belief across all major economies.  But just as in past civilisations and dispensation, once general credibility ceases to hold the population in general in thrall it cannot be recovered.  Only if that credibility and belief is able to be reinstated will you see papers appearing describing how it works and thus demonstrate, retrospectively the policy's effectiveness.    It will not happen.  'Advertising and political spin is only effective in the short-term.  It is also transparent and general awareness is well embedded throughout society.  Unless the entire media industry acts to common purpose and consistently and effectively transforms the social reality we each of us experience then the necessary level of willing belief cannot be built up, locally in Southern South America, sufficiently to be self-sustaining.  It can only ever be imposed as an overt example of psychological and mental violence to the person.  It will therefore be costly as well as being unsustainable and it will not achieve its objectives of creating a compliant and acquiescent low-transaction cost supply of flexible labour.

We can expect to see more and more frequently these types of desperate and ill-thought out rear-guard actions from the  neoclassical axis, on the left and the right, as they obsessively refuse to confront and evolve away from the fundamental institution tenants of a limitless accumualtive cadastrelism by individuals unbound by the needs and rights of society, and effectively unaccountable to it.   I doubt many papers will appear.  Far fewer perhaps than potential and actual authors of them will disappear meanwhile.

Robin

An important question to ask yourself is what the function of the resulting framework will perform for researchers/practitioners... Is it descriptive? prescriptive? etc. This statement of desired utility leads into requirements for the resulting methodology, which can in turn guide your choice of methods. 

It is quite normal to be a bit lenient on methodology when constructing the framework as long as this is matched by rigorous evaluation. Something like a creative leap is hard to capture in prescriptive methodologies.

One approach that is often considered as a methodology to arrive at the type of insights you appear to be aiming at is grounded theory. But I am not an expert on this. 

My2Cents

It would be helpful to know what the Lingam Commission is before deciding whether it is necessary.

Your question is too broad to receive a concrete answer in terms of a "theoretical framework". Are you searching for the framework itself or only as applied to fisheries in West Africa?

If a general theoretical framework is sought, sustainability is often missunderstood and confused with MSY. The range of sustainability however is wide and encompass biomass levels close to the unexploited population down to very small percentages of the original biomass. The risk is greater under the low end of the spectrum, but if nothing extreme happens, the harvest may as well be sustainably. With this in mind, and assuming that management emphasis is on the harvested stock and the fishers, a very basic theoretical framework would be that to assess or determine the status of a fishery, you first need to agree together with fishers, authorities and stakeholders a set of management goals that are acceptable to everyone. These goals should establish the level of biomass (or fishing mortality) that correspond to a specific level of sustainability reflecting the diversity of interests of the involved sectors. The assessment then may provide an image of the status of the fishery compared to the goals and it should be possible to determine if management action is required. A similar approach can be developed if management emphasis is on the ecosystem rather than the stock.

Hope this helps.

Indeed you can. Just need to be careful in what you want to compare. The variables must be relevant for both past and present situations.

Hi Mariel,

It seems to me that many links could be done with another researches, one concerning the National Park Sanjay Gandhi (Munbai, Indian Republic) made by 2 geographers Émilie Edelblutte and Yanni Gunnell (file below), the second concerning the pacific Colombia area made by the anthropologist Arturo Escobar (file below) I used theses papers  for lecture in France and they are really clear and interesting concerning the links between ecological/political groups and social/spatial conflicts.

Even if you cannot read french papers, you can, at least, have a look on their bibliographies which is almost in english or spanish.

Hope it can be useful,

Christophe

Look for attributions of Moto Miyahara  Otago University Dunedin NZ

Dear Emery,

 I’d express a few further comments on the question you raised as it is perceived from an economic perspective. The economic literature more attentive to the psychological implications of individual behavior has emphasized persistently the lack of commitment of the economist to deal adequately with the process of formation of preferences, especially with reference to its stability, selfish nature and rationality.

Such an assessment is connected to the disapproval of that mental ‘habitus’ of a large part of economists which leads them to consider a utility model to still have a scant relation with the current thinking in psychology. Moreover, this school of economic thought is still inclined to appraise a large part of the human behavior as "abnormal" because of the usual assumptions of continuity and linearity in the variables or their simple transformations imposed on the model, as well as of the omission of significant variables. All that, in spite of the results of research in psychology that tend to exclude the operation of the human brain as a central processing unit and to consider it - instead - as a system of parallel processing. Moreover, account must be taken of the fact that studies in psychology have prompted new economic approaches in the field of utility theory. Specifically, in a distinguished lecture Henry J. Aaron states that: “Economists rapidly acquire the capacity to think of human behavior in terms of the standard utility function, U = f(X), where X is a vector of whatever goods or bundles of goods or attributes of goods happen to be relevant for the problem at hand. This characterization of human behavior contains powerful assumptions that simplify analysis… However, it is clearly an "as if" formulation. It posits that people behave as if their preferences were stable, egoistic, and rational (meaning that preferences obey the laws of transitivity) and cover all states of the world. Much (perhaps most) human behavior violates these standards. Indeed, whole sub-disciplines of economics, to say nothing of the entireties of sociology and psychology and much of political science, have grown up to analyze these "irrationalities" and to explain why they occur” (see Aaron, HJ, "Public policy, values and consciousness", Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.8, n.2, Spring 1994).

Profound changes in theoretical direction and research methods are necessary if we are to make significant progress in analyzing major social issues. Moreover, modification of the psychological prizes that direct the behavior should be carefully thought-out. This means consideration of the role that emotions that induce agents to behave in a manner not only inspired by the observance of the principle of self-interest. The inclusion of emotions in behavior patterns alter the predictions provided by models based on self-interest. It is so from the moment of change of the matrix of pay-off in the DP model, with the addition - for those who cooperate - of a 'good' resulting from knowing that the other agent has been able to achieve a specific benefit or the fact that he acted in fulfillment of the commitment of adherence to a social norm shared by the group.

Individual behavior - intentional and emotional together - originates from the intersection between biology and cultural environment, intersection governed by the nature of epigenetic rules of thumb that allow individuals to find quick solutions to problems posed by the process of decision and choice. These rules of thumb tend to reduce complex tasks, such as those which seek to determine the probability of occurrence of certain outcomes, such simple tasks of evaluation.

A different meaning of the rationality of economic behavior has been proposed which takes into account realistically and primarily the fact that a process of information management leads to the formulation of choice taking place under conditions of imperfection and limited capacity to process fully the information available. Moreover, this approach of understanding the rationality of economic action must take into account the existence of forms of social conditioning that are a mirror image of moral values and standards of conduct that invite to explore the possibility of integrating them into the basic model of the economic agent and to imagine forms of interaction between them and the existing incentive and social structures. Specifically, the neoclassical approach seemed  inadequate under another viewpoint. In fact, it proves inappropriate to consider how the various impulses evolve because it considers altruism and selfishness as fixed and pre-existing stocks when allocative effects are analyzed. By doing so, even the role of society is neglected as well as the social and moral norms and practices of what is included in the term "culture". All this  when the different impulses to action are taken into account, while it is explicitly postulated by the neoclassical school that experience has no feed-back effect on the preferences of the agents.

As a general rule and only in respect to the issue of information, incomplete and costly to acquire, it is proper to remember that this topic closely affects the analysis of economic relations between formal rules and informal norms of social conduct. It has been suggested and ascertained that individuals demonstrate a willingness to learn also from the experiences of other people, supplemented by a predisposition to imitate patterns of behavior based on social rules not only directly and indirectly beneficial. It is considered a primary task of anthropological and sociological studies on the mechanisms of cultural evolution to deepen - for instance - if and to what extent the use of forms of social learning, such as imitation of the experience that others have taken in similar contexts about the solution of the problems posed by the human interrelations, approaches on average the optimal behavior compared to the solutions that individuals can come up with on their own. This type of informal rules is made - according to Douglass North - of conventions, norms of behavior, and self- imposed codes of conduct, i.e. that form of 'codification' of the lessons learned from the common experience which becoming institutional rules, "….are a part of the heritage that we call culture”. (D.C. North, ‘Institutions, institutional change and economic performance’, Cambridge University Press, 1990, 5,37).

 Thank you for reading and best regards,

Gianrocco

We have a book coming out in the next months that addresses the issues of women's versus men's involvement in reproductive health, when considering the Millennium Development Goals #4.5 for African and Oceanian societies - follow Naomi McPherson's as editor, MISSING THE MARK 2016.  

Also check on publications from Austria by Dr. Armin Prinz - especially if you read German.  Best wishes

Hello Mary.

First of all, thank you for your answer and your suggestions.

I have already found some of the papers you cite, but some other resources you suggest may be useful for my work. So, thanks!

Anyway, probably I must have been more clear in asking my question or provide more details.

What I'm searching for are studies which use administrative individual data from refugees' centers. So, not aggregate data from various statistical sources, and not data on refugees collected somehow after they left the centers or in another period of their lives.

I hope this further explanation will be useful to have additional suggestions from you and from other readers.

Thanks again for your help.

Best regards.

Manuela

I agree with Nader. Eventhough there are guidelines for treatment not everyone responds positively. Prolonged exposures are a good tool for most and not for everyone depending on their level of anxiety, the severity of the trauma and any additional diagnosis. Because BPD and PTSD can present  with similar symptoms, I believe it is important to not rush  with a BPD diagnosis too early.

Dear Jörg, dear Elango,

you're hints are very much appreciated!

Best regards, Stefan

I would suggest HDI is combined with

-Gender Gap Index brought out  by World Economic Forum  http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2014/part-1/

- Rule of Law index by World Justice Project 

- Environment performance index http://epi.yale.edu/

To me the first is an indicator of human well being, the second of gender inequalities, the third an indicator is whether justice prevails and fourth of environmentally sustainable.  The last two are crucial for whether gains are sustainable)

Best 

Ranjani

I want to share an example. 

Around ten women had assembled to discuss the goal of a livelihood and microfinance project,  how they would measure if it had been achieved and actually assessed progress. The steps that I follow are:

1. Divide the participants into groups of 5-6 women.

2. Ask the participants whether they know the goals of the project/programme. If they are not aware, share the goal with them. The goal needs to be written in big letters and on a big piece of paper!

3. Give the participants flash cards.

4. Ask the group what is required to achieve the goal. If they are non-literate they can draw on the flash card. Do not stick at this stage, as they may change their mind.

5. Then ask - to achieve what is written in the flash cards, what are the measures required and proceed similarly.

6. The participants may change their mind on the level of flash cards. Give them time to come to a firm conclusion and then stick the flash cards.

7. Now give the participants a pen, and ask them to rate achievement of indicator at each level. A rating of * means not achieved, a rating of *** means fully achieved, and a rating of **means partially achieved.

.

Interestingly the women stated the goal of the project was poverty reduction of women. The women identified two pathways to poverty reduction- increase women’s income and reduce household expenditure.  They observed that women’s income could increase if women-managed  income-generation programmes expanded  (many) and if their control over existing income enhanced (a few).  They further shared that women-managed income generation can expand only if they had livestock (many) or land (few) on their names.  The women noted that their control over income would be reflected in them having savings accounts on their name.  On the expenditure front, majority of women stated that expenditure can come down if men drank less and a few mentioned that if domestic violence was less health expenditure would be reduced.  Women observed that group should collectively intervene on these issues.

The project, the women observed, had had a moderate impact on most of the indicators they had listed, other than reduction in alcohol consumption and violence against women.  While the group did intervene in instances of violence against women it did not always meet with success

Source: Murthy, 2015, Tool kit on gender sensitive participatory methods for evaluation, Institute of Social Studies, New Delhi (being published in a month) 

Some of these issues were raised in my book Monitoring Business Performance-Models, Methods and Tools (Routledge, 2014)

Improved sanitation is one of the part in reducing diarrhoea among children under five years of age. There is another important part which is health education which needs to be given to mothers time to time regarding the cause of the disease and how to prevent it by taking up different measures.

Dr.Lawrence Gomes

The development of smart cities could be a change in paradigm in how cities are management.

If the city is built accordingly with city smart concepts the long term benefits are various, especially considering the sustainable aspects (economic, social and environmental aspects), despite the high initial investments. The same is true for solving the basic unsolved problems in India, such as basic sanitation, unemployment (which it will always happen, the question I think is: is it getting better?) and illiteracy. Once a paradigm is broken in one area and population can see its benefits a path could be opened to break the paradigm in other areas.

I am not saying that Smart cities should be government priorities, but it could give a new perspective to problem solution at the country.

Regards,

Tulio.

Hi Muhammad,

For primary data collection you can do following methods: Develop structured questionnaire to compare general query on social Characteristics, land resources, forest products, forest management practices, etc. And select the sample design for the survey based on criteria such as time constraints and density of households Number of Households selected for the entire study from each category of Occupation of the Respondent.

 Structured Interview

Semi-structured Interview

This technique is considered to be the best tool for good PRA. This is an open Discussion with open-ended questions that can take place everywhere in the Community with groups. It can be done using mental or written checklists and thus is Also known as informal discussion.

 Identification and discussion with key Informants

Transect Walk

 the researcher can walk with few key informants in the study area observing, Analyzing, listening, identifying different zones, local technologies, and searching for the problems and solutions for the community.

Transect walk is helpful mainly in the study of land use pattern, distribution of private and natural forests.

Hope this will help little bit

All the best

Regards,

Yagya

I need a bit more information. First, it sounds like there are five "points" on the response scale for the question (for example., from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree, with a score of 3 in the middle). There is no problem with that.

What I really need to know is how many such questions there are in the overall index.

Many initiatives have been taken in the Southern parts of India by the Governments to distribute unused public lands to the poor people from tribal and rural areas. However, they are not supported with agricultural inputs. Being economically survived on daily wage earnings, these people unable to invest money to develop and cultivate the land. The local elites and rich, usually exploit this situation and get the control of the land by providing small amounts, and continue to use the poor as laborers. In such cases the title would continue to be in the name of the poor  to avoid legal obstacles. Hence, the provision of land should be facilitated with the required inputs including the technology. Getting the poor farmers as a cooperative and enable them to go in for scalable farming may be an option.

Here are some good and/or promising sources. Cheers

1. Globalizing Central Asia: Geopolitics and the Challenges of Economic Development

2. The Central Asian Economies Since Independence By Richard Pomfret

3. The Economies of Central Asia By Richard Pomfret

4. Introducing the new era of Eurasian Geography and Economics

5. Kazakhstan: Oil endowment and oil empowerment

6. Risky business: The political economy of Chinese investment in Kazakhstan

7. Uncertainty, Insecurity, and Emigration from Kazakhstan to Russia

8. Resource concentration, institutional quality and the natural resource curse

9. Kazakhstan seeks economic diversification, fast growth in ADB deal

For Europe, the most complete and up-to-date data set is that operated by Jelle Visser at AIAS, to be found here: http://www.uva-aias.net/208

This is surely the most reliable and cited reference. For instance, see quotation in European Commission's report on "Industrial relations in Europe 2014" (http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=7739).

In a word, NO. We didn't get it right. We've fallen into economic traps that have no escape, with the same thinking that created our significant and terminal problems. Two critical points come to mind.

First when we believe/act as if the environment is a subset of our economy, we seem to trash it with impunity and greed.

Secondly we haven't shown the wisdom of the 'precautionary principal' where we insure that we do no harm before we unleash any chemicals or technology. That should have been established in the 1930's when the beginning of man made chemicals began.

Lastly, we have yet to address the structural unemployment that follows in the wake of high tech and automation. Geometrically increasing population and extraction of earths resources with increasing economic, environmental and social consequences is a recipe for disaster. It''s just a matter of time now.... hold on.. the going is going to get rocky.....

yes David, by using a systemic approach, one can test the possible outcomes of different systemic interventions by observing what would happen to the system as a whole when a particular strategy or combinations of strategies are implemented: that is, before any time or money is invested in actual implementation. For Africa and the other world to leave beyond complex challenges which results in famine, pestilence, war and terrorism, we need to go past the information stage to revelation knowledge and systems thinking ensures that.

Dear Janna:

Maybe you need a operational definition about manipulation, do you have a concept? you should read these paper about the manipulation and Emotional intelligence: