Design - Science topic

José Luis Junquera, Saddle polyhedra are three-dimensional objects with curved faces. They are not polyhedra in the traditional sense, because polyhedra must have flat faces. However, saddle polyhedra do have some properties that are similar to those of polyhedra. For example, they have an Euler characteristic, which is a topological invariant that is defined for all three-dimensional objects. addle polyhedra are the only other three-dimensional objects known to have an Euler characteristic of 2. This is an interesting fact, because it suggests that saddle polyhedra have some topological similarities to spheres and flat-faced polyhedra. The two saddle polyhedra that are known to exist are the saddle tetrahedron and its tessellation. The saddle tetrahedron has four curved faces, six edges, and four vertices. Its tessellation is a three-dimensional tiling that fills all of space. Saddle polyhedra are a relatively new area of research, and there is still much to learn about their geometry and topology. However, the fact that they have an Euler characteristic of 2 is a significant discovery, and it suggests that these objects have some interesting properties.

Ash Frank Ash, sorry this is so late. ---First a link to a 2021 New York Times article; “How the Memphis Design Movement Made a Comeback”

Please excuse the long link. Its on way I know to share it to other countries. (let me know if it fails)

Memphis design first arrived in the US when our interiors and furnishings where modern and clean. Due in no small part to the design ideas and work of Frank Lloyd Wright, Marcel Breuer and the the father and son Saarinens, Knoll, Ray and Charles Eames, and both Albers.

Memphis Design arrived in US at a time when most of the homes and offices that cared about design were composed with neutral colors. Color was an accent not a theme. From the upheaval of ideas about art, music and design in the late 1960's it took 30 years before we saw it incorporated into daily life. - To put this in perspective, we didn't paint our walls with color until the 1990's. Before then it was tinted neutrals.

To me personally, at the time, Memphis Design didn’t work in the US. And the revival came off as an awkward idea. Awkward as in it it was an interesting diversion but felt more out of place in our culture now than the first time around.

Between late 60's and mid 90's US design was being upended by ideas coming from the California artists and designers (southwest coast of US). Plus coming influences of music and new ideas in graphic design. Our sense of art and design had been more insular. But fashion design introduced us to other design from around the globe.

In the US we have 3 traditional centers of furniture design; one each for east central and west parts of US. Memphis Design was exhibited but didn't find commercial and corporate buyers. It was the exhibit everyone came to see but few "bought-into" the look.

Instead the US responded to new visual ideas in graphic and fashion design. Along with music that was how the majority of US people broadened our ideas of other forms of design.

I was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (near New York city) and watched our architecture shift from modern to the post-modern building style & embellishments of Robert Venturi and his wife Denise Scott Brown.

When Memphis Design arrived I saw in our art magazines and first thought it was “Memphis” as in from Memphis, Tennessee. It reminded me of the free-forms of graffiti and west coast “surf” style.

In general, we loved seeing and talking about it; but liked it better if it belonged to someone else. My opinion; we liked it as an addition but not an everyday items. Like an “accent" piece.

It was reviewed and shown in many US magazines and design showrooms but overshadowed by way too many competing ideas. -- However, to me, it didn’t fit with US design. Even the recent revival didn’t seem to work. Its hard to explain. To me it made perfect sense in Italian and Greek culture. Possibly Central and South America. Less in Asian and North America.

I'd sum it up saying Memphis Design is intriguing. And did well explaining itself. But missed being something that engaged us beyond the initial intrigue. Personally, I didn't like it. And liked it less the 2nd time.

Hi all

I've added all your suggestions to the list of Design Journals and created a clickable table of categories for easier search:

Please feel free to add and share.

The categories include:

Just for your information, in the current nTop version, it allows users to generate TPMS with approximate thickness.

The answer from Margaret Brumm is over-cautious in my opinion. Wait for confirmation from the IPR authoritythat your application for a Registered Design is approved, and only then go ahead and publish.

Other reference:

National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO). Urban Bikeway Design Guide: https://nacto.org/publication/urban-bikeway-design-guide/

Dear Lee Clawson - The beauty of literature is that ideas endure over time.

AI is a tool that skilled craftspeople will operate with great power but non-architects will not be able to attain great results without their help.

The inclusion of fracture toughness based on the K-factor on an Ashby diagram can be considered an ingenious solution. The K-factor is a measure of the stress intensity factor at the tip of a crack and is a critical parameter in determining the fracture toughness of materials. By including this parameter on the Ashby diagram, it allows for a quick and easy comparison of the fracture toughness of different materials, regardless of their class or composition.

However, it should be noted that the K-factor only provides one aspect of the material's fracture behavior and other parameters such as crack growth resistance and microstructure should also be considered when selecting a material for a specific application. Additionally, the values on an Ashby diagram are typically plotted for a specific set of testing conditions and may not accurately represent the fracture toughness under different conditions. Therefore, while the inclusion of K-factor on an Ashby diagram is a useful tool, it should not be the only parameter considered when selecting a material for a specific application.

Dear Dr.,Julius Riese,

Stair Building Guidelines

The UK Building Regulations on staircases are often the first source. Consult when building a new staircase because they are widely recognized throughout Europe as well as in many countries in Africa and the Middle East. When precise specifications are required, we collaborate with clients and building officials to create a stairway that is tailored to meet their needs.

Please refer to the links below; you can get the correct building codes for stairs for numerous nations.

Here is the link where you can  find more information on California Building Code and other American Building Codes too: https://up.codes/codes/california

NCC Australia http://www.abcb.gov.au/ncc-online/NCC/2016-A1?vol=a159de3f-a6a1-4781-ba7a-83cf53373ae6#a159de3f-a6a1-4781-ba7a-83cf53373ae6

NZBC New Zeland http://www.building.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/building-code-compliance/d-access/d1-access-routes/asvm/d1-access-routes-amendment-5.pdf

SANS South Africa https://sans10400.co.za/stairways/

Dear Sarah, of course, I wish to help you, but unfortunately, I do not have anything useful for you at the present time. I hope to help you in the future

With my best wishes

Digital twins could be highly effective in the context of carbon neutrality and energy consumption reduction in the home sector. By leveraging the power of data, digital twins can provide an accurate picture of energy consumption and allow homeowners to take proactive steps to reduce their energy consumption and emissions. For example, digital twins can create detailed energy models of individual homes, track energy usage in real-time, and provide insights into how different energy-saving measures can impact energy consumption and emissions. Additionally, digital twins can also help homeowners optimize their energy usage by providing personalized recommendations and alerts. Ultimately, digital twins can be used to empower homeowners to make better decisions about their energy consumption and reduce their carbon footprint.

Hello Vrushang Patel,

Is this method available only of 2020 R2 or for any other versions like 2022 R2?

Thank You

You may also look into these discussions to get recommendations how to find reviewers:

A builder work drawings will provide in detail the component representation and client communication of what the engineer designed. Contrarily, shop drawings is for fabricators and technician use only and it is basically for determining how components will be produced and placed during the construction process.

In the US, over and over we witness the needs of people with low incomes, diverse cultural ideas and the wrong color skin routinely deprived of basic human services and educational opportunities. I’d like to suggest that design as a way of thinking (vs making objects) can be part of changing this. But we’ve studied this, created awareness and used grants to fund small endeavors to bring change.

More often we fail. We fail because our ideas have little to do with things people want and their values.

Coats PLC

Mahsa Sadeghi Vazin

I could tell you many "stories" about wastewater treatment plants (WWTP's) but I guess that mean "storey" (multi-level). As a matter a fact we designed one about 30 years ago in South-Korea where the footprint was so small that we installed a 3-level/storey WWTP including a stack of 2 final clarifiers (one on top of the other). Many more levels could be added as needed. This is a matter of proper hydraulic design (gravity flow and pumped flow) combined with efficient construction design (civil & structural works).

Kind regards, Bruno

Hi dear Kourosh Vaferi,

You can import your 2D model from CATIA software into AutoCAD software and write output DXF.

Good luck!

yes

This is what I would call a very risky and stupid design. Get books on research ethics and clinical trials and try hard to understand what they are telling you. David Booth

Parvin Salamzada Richardson and Coulson Chemical Engineering Book Vol 2 and this CHAPTER can also help you in such design: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080418650500192

Hi Maria Teresa Dal Bò

Hope you are well,

I'm creating a list of Design research journals that might be of interest to you:

If you have any other suggestions just let me know

P.J.

You might find the answer in this link

Nedmohan book is the best

Hello Manoja Weerasekara , even though think-aloud protocol is considered by some authors as a widely used method for usability testing of software, interfaces, websites, and (instructional) documents. It is possible to perceive the satisfaction of users by his/her expression, frustrations, frictions and comments. An interview or Likert scale could be added after the Think-aloud procedure, focused on user's satisfaction with the experience.

The basic principle of this method (Think-aloud protocol) is that potential users are asked to complete a set of tasks with the artefact tested, and to constantly verbalize their thoughts while working on the tasks.

From all possibilities of prototype testing, the Think-aloud Protocol is the most

suitable choice to help observe usability and interaction problems from users’ point of view. According to Villanueva [4], the technique consists of a researcher observing 1–4 users doing specific tasks within a controlled environment. The user’s actions and thoughts are to be described verbally aloud by him/herself on real time. The researcher records the user actions by written notifications, video or voice recorder.

The participants are to perform a simulation of tasks using the prototype. The Think-aloud Protocol has to be executed individually and the steps of the task to be closely observed with participants verbalizing actions, thoughts and confusion: do users understand what is the app? Do users cognitively understand icons and actions to take? What is the visual perception of users regarding colors, types, size, icons and visual impact? Is the process an easy and smooth experience? How do users explore the options?

Nevertheless, I've been feeling that for remote research, cooperative evaluation can be more useful e easier to execute.

design methods based on displacement to ensure that design goals are achieved. Combined with nonlinear analysis, there is no height limit.

Greetings,

You can also consider this:

Thanks so much.

Hello Dmitry,

If possible, use a rotating sample.

In your case, the thickness reduces quadratically with the distance to the cathode.

Yours

R. Mitdank

Dear Bante Haile

You can use R software

Hi dear Mustafa Nile

Did you observe the following steps?

People lose sight acuity with aging.

Hello Nadine Al-bqour,

You can also try to read

'Research Methods for the Architectural Profession' by Ajla Aksamija

publisher: Taylor and Francis

You have many answers there

Do not complicate you research design to much: complicate just to surround some issue.

Analysis should be made at different levels as if it was a splitplot.

I propose research projects concerning the combination of traditional construction technologies with eco-innovations in materials and pro-environmental technologies of renewable energy sources so that the obtained effect in the green smart construction formula meets the goals of sustainable development, zero emissions, high level of energy savings, etc.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hi dear seda.

The three most common of these values ​​and boundaries are:

Physical demarcation - personal space and tactile considerations

Psychological demarcation - thoughts and opinions

Emotional demarcation - emotions

Hi dear Santiago.

Real architecture is called architecture in which human thoughts and feelings are taken into account and this architecture creates a perfect fit that pays attention to structure and function at the same time. We know that our relationship with nature promotes health and well-being, and this relationship can also improve physical function. People who live in a building do not just need to work, play, eat or sleep. They want to be inspired and inspired by their surroundings, to feel comfortable and strong in it. They need a space that makes them more comfortable. The solution to architectural sustainability is to work in harmony with nature. That is, one must understand nature, explore it with sensitivity, and at the same time avoid damaging nature's systems. The architect-planner should pay attention to the concept of biophilia, which causes the continuity of performance and health and emotional states of residents and individuals and leads to positive reactions in the environment, and the general process in the architectural predominance to such things as:

1- Making natural and physical frameworks friendlier

2- Optimal organization of energy consumption

3- Ensuring the effective relationship between human progress and optimal management of natural resources in reducing the negative effects of climate change.

هذه الفنون تمل لغة ابداعية عالمية

وهناك اتفاق عام من كافة البشر بأنها مفيدة ونافعة

فإن لم يكن بقصد الجمال، فقد يكون بقصد الوظيفة

Probably unit issue. Check your units before importing the model.

dear Hussam Ali Mohammed

Foundation is a structure which transfers the loads from the superstructure to the ground, while footing is the foundation which is in contact with the earth. A foundation can be shallow and deep, while a footing is a type of a shallow foundation. so, all footings are foundations but all foundations cannot be footings.

That's a pretty high-level assignment. Is this a PhD course?

There are various types of pollution, so each one or combination may take a specific survey or inventory, and assessment. Some of the various types may include solid waste, sanitary waste (human, animals, pets, etc.), industrial wastes, air pollutants, water pollutants, soil pollutants, etc. Coming up with a working proposal would probably necessitate involvement of leaders, community, landowners, and others interested, such as industry, hospitality such as hotels, citizens, etc. Leaders might include political representatives, health, religious, agencies, police or enforcement, various technical pollution experts, etc. Funding to develop comprehensive plans, improvements and management as well as monitoring may be another important area to address. Plans or programs might be developed to help address specific types of pollution, or circumstances, and some of these might be voluntary citizen responsibilities, and some might be legalized or regulated, and funded by taxation, communities, industries, or government actions.

Dear Rahmat, it depends whether you want to publish your book in a renown publishing house (such as Springer Nature or Elsevier), or whether you would be fine with just publishing it somewhere. There are lots of self-publishing models such as Lulu, Blurb or CreateSpace. You can read more here: https://mashable.com/2009/03/01/publish-book/?europe=true

Dear PJ White,

Participatory design (originally co-operative design, now often co-design) is an approach to design attempting to actively involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens, end users) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable.

Benefits of Participatory Design in Web Development

The most attractive benefit of the participatory design is bringing a fresh, unique set of eyes into the design process. Developers and engineers work daily to create web designs and interface models, but do not share the same perspectives of end-users

Co-design, design with users, not for them. Participatory design you design for users and get their input.

A human-centered, systems-minded, and strategy-aligned design approach for social sector leaders. ... Strategic planning is logical and ensures that an organization's activities actually lead to its intended outcome, rather than busy work. Human centered design is action-oriented, deeply human, and experimental

The design thinking process is broken up into five specific design thinking stages: empathy, definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing.

best wishes for your project

sandeep

Wolfgang Weinlich Thanks very much!!

Voicebots, I guess.

It sounds as if you are looking at some kind of meta-analysis. Your research needs to have some kind of focus or topic, with an underlying research questions that you want to answer. If you want to design something, that design needs to fulfill a purpo;se and that purpose leads to questions that need to be answered for the design to be useful. These questions will allow you to develop categories that you cans use to structure your literatur.e

Dear José-Luis Méndez,

In my opinion, despite the fact that the history of drone development dates back to 1917, it was only at the beginning of the 21st century, i.e. one hundred years later, that the technology and applications of drones developed, which is related to the ongoing technological progress in various supporting technologies in the field of batteries that store electricity, plastics materials, ICT information technologies in remote control applications, etc. Besides, it is only in recent years that the development of drone applications has occurred. In 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic also caused an increase in the use of drones. Currently (December 2020), in the context of the pandemic, drones are used to transport medicines for sick people, drugs and food to places with poorly developed road communication, blood plasma of people who have recovered from Covid-19 disease, etc. In the future, drones will find many more applications as equipment for courier companies delivering different products to individuals. Moreover, conceptual technological solutions for the construction of flying cars, which are also drones, are currently being created. Transport flying machines are also built, which with their shape and avionics technology were created as a combination of the concept of a helicopter with a drone. This type of progress in the field of avionics would not be possible without, for example, constantly improved and more efficient batteries that store electricity, more and more perfect electric motors and devices that charge said batteries with electricity. Perhaps in the future, as part of the ongoing technological progress, the growing demand for electricity, the growing demand for drones and the growing importance of environmentally friendly energy sources, drones will be produced powered by photovoltaic panels, which will cover the drones.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Let's see. Breaking this down into its separate components, start with the simplest.

The maximum delta lift distance, from max down to max lifted, is going to be 2L. At its lowest point, the distance from the floor to the vehicle would consist of only the height of the stand and that top block.

The maximum Fs, which would be the maximum tension experienced by the long screw which lifts and lowers the jack, would be F*sin(α). As the jack goes from full down to full up, that weight goes from being entirely held up by the screw (sin(90) = 1) to being entirely held up by those four L components (sin(0) = 0).

And as you might therefore conclude, at max lifted position, F1 = F2 = F3 = F4 = 0.5*F. That's because when fully lifted, the weight is held up equally by F1 and F3, on the left, and by F2 and F4, on the right, while at the same time, at that fully elevated position, the long screw holds up none of the weight.

This is really interesting. I do photovoice research with non-binary young adults. I am currently preparing a study that will have small groups in various locations. Small groups will regularly connect with and report back to the larger collective group. We hope that this allows us to explore region specific issues, along with more broad ones. I'm definitely going to dig into your work!

It feels great to share it. Hope you find it useful P.J. White

Dear Nadeen

I do not have time to prepare a detailed description of the whole method and assumptions. However, I think you are rather looking for equations like in the appendix.

Kevin Winston, if you know MS office, then it is so easy, make/draw chart/ graphs etc in MS Excel, and copy/paste to MS Power point as mentioned by Dr. Dariusz Prokopowicz.

Please go through the following book

Aircraft Engine Design, 3E,J. D. Mattingly, W.H. Heiser, D. T. Pratt, K. M. Boyer and B. A. Haven.

The book outlines the concepts and procedures required for the entire design process which you may be looking for.

Shigley Theory of Machines and Mechanisms

Shigley Mechanical Engineering Design

Dear Yihua Chen

You may analyze it as a repeated records model, in which each of the six dimensions are explanatory variables. Then, you need to model your residuals to accommodate the fact that the same participant was evaluated across all six dimensions. An equivalent model would be fitting the random effect of participant instead of modeling the residuals - they will result in the same model.

One question is: how does your response variable look like? Is it categorical, proportion, or continuous quantitative? This will impact the type of statistical method to be used. For example, if it is ordered categorical, you need to use an ordered multinomial (logistic, probit, etc) regression. If it is proportion, then you may use Poisson/Negative Binomial. If it is continuous quantitative, then a simple linear model would be enough.

Please let me know if this is what you were looking for. THanks, Nick

The capacity of a supercapacitor can be measured in (F / g) or (F / cm2) or (F / cm3)

The working voltage = 2.7, indicates the maximum voltage to which the SC can be charged.

Using the equation:

Cs = I. t / m (Vf-Vi)

Cs = I. t / A (Vf-Vi)

Cs = I t / V (Vf-Vi)

Where i = is the discharge current

Where Vf-Vi = is the work potential

Where m = is the mass of the active material

Where A = is your area

Where V = is the volume, this can be found with the data: 45 mm and diameter = 22 mm.

Thanks Pro. Pan

It is a ticklish question to distinguish between technical and biological replicate in our situation, thank you for your time and your answer. The work the question from have been peer-reviewed and published (see details below). I’d like to share our answers. Firstly, we tried to answer two question, one is whether the variation between the two replicate is from biological factors (e.g. sex, age, or tissue heterogeneity), or from technical factors (e.g. sequencing lanes, library generation). It is reasonable that the two parts of small intestine were not biological replicates, just as you said, two samples were from the same individual and they shared same genetic background, then the variation between the replicates were from sequencing or other technical factors. However, as our original intention is inducing the variation from tissue heterogeneity, although they come from close part of small intestine, it’s not precise to just regard them as technical replicates and merge them in downstream analysis. The other question we want to answer is, how to take consideration of tissue heterogeneity but also avoid pseudoreplication caused by the same origian of the replicates. In our work, we randomly assign the two samples from the same individual to “PartA” and “PartB” and incorporate the blocking design into differential expression tools with ~sampled part + physiological states. By fitting design model above, we can compare the four physiological states with adjustment of the baseline differences from tissue heterogeneity (see details in )

Thank you all for your advice and guidance. I will definitely pay heed to them!

Following

We can explore the importance of sketching in the design process through three provinces:

1- Its function as a thinking tool during exploration, abstraction and developmental phases.

2- Its function as a communication tool, the value of sketches as an external storage medium for ideas and as an unspoken language between the architect and himself, between the architect and the design team and between the architect and the general public

3- Its function as a tool for analysis and description, the worth of sketching in exposing the architect thoughts, since sketches are a device used for both the architect and the observer to explain both the product's substance and the design process used to approach the object.

For more discussion on the important of the sketching into the conceptual phase in architecture you can see the interesting work of: Suwa, M., Tversky, B

Garett Scott Patria Thanks Garett Scott Patria this has important implications for apprenticeships here too. ILO said biggest challenge for VET from the pandemic was teaching technical and on the job training, on-line!

I think...it all about the countries....which really pay attention on the design or not...I mean limitations generate the ideas some time...RAS is not that popular in India but it popular in other countries.... similarly bund breeding is quite famous in India but less in other countries...if we will think about cage western world is leading but still in so many countries...it's not up to the mark...so i think all the aquaculture enngg design need to work out efficiently....

Further I would like to suggest about the vertical farming model...which may be very useful in the coming future..

Mainly a communication that is interchangeably developed through graphic design. it is also a crossover between information development and design through which we can communicate in different media or forms. In a way, a communication interface between people and design.

I hope this research is useful to you and can answer your question.

Developing a Rating System for Building Energy Efficiency Based on In Situ Measurement in China

By: Zhao, L (Zhao, Li) ; Zhou, ZN (Zhou, Zhengnan)

DOI: 10.3390/su9020208

Abstract

Building energy consumption in China recently surpassed the US building consumption, and it is expected to increase significantly in the next decade pushed by the continuous population and urbanization increase. In response to that situation, the Chinese government introduced a series of building energy codes and rating systems to assess and enhance the building energy performance. The purpose of this study is to develop a rating system for the building energy efficiency, based on in situ measurement. The system is intended for office buildings in China's cold zone. An evaluation framework, graphic dominant point, and principle of data collection and processing are illustrated in this paper. Three existing buildings were rated under the new rating system. The authors believe that the new system will contribute to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding for asset holders and occupants, that report on the extent to which energy efficiency buildings have been reached. Rating results are expected to be a reference for the retrofitting of existing buildings and the design of new buildings. In addition, the outlook for the rating system was also discussed.

Keywords

Author Keywords:building energy efficiency; indoor environmental quality; rating system; actual performance; in situ measurement

KeyWords Plus:PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; COMFORT; DESIGN

Some journals will accept conceptual papers, i.e. not based on empirical data collection. But you would still need to draw on the academic literature.

Here is my recommended structure for a conceptual paper: