Depression - Science topic

Hello,

The objective of one of my projects is to assess the overall mental health status of a specific population group. For that I have used DASS-21 to obtain the mental health status, i.e., symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in binary form. That is, Depression - Yes / No; Anxiety - Yes / No; and Stress - Yes / No. Until this stage, we have followed some published literature for categorizing these symptoms in this way.

Now, we wanted to estimate our outcome variable, that is the coexistence of Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress symptoms in the following categories: 1. No symptoms at all, 2. At least one symptom, 3. At least two symptoms, 4. All 3 symptoms.

But we couldn't find any suitable literature yet that has applied the aforementioned coexisting categorizations directly.

Now, my questions are-

a) Is our categorization approach methodologically/conceptually sound?

b) Is there any available literature that can support our outcome variable categorization?

Thanks in advance.

I am doing a research project on prolonged social media use and the mental well-being of college students. I want to compare time spent as well as gender to the results of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. How would I go about comparing these and what statistical test would I perform?

I have to run a pearson correlation analysis between HPA axis markers- cortisol , ACTH and inflammatory marker IL-6(analysed through ELISA) and Depression anxiety questionnaires which were recorded at baseline and post interventions. I also need check the data for normality before running the analysis. If someone can provide an appropriate suggestion.

Apologises I'm really confused and don't know how to do, appreciate any guidance you can give

Aim

1. To explore if anxiety is predicted by stress and treatment delay and whether this is moderated by Brief Cope strategies (Brief COPE) .

Design

1 continuous outcome variable – anxiety (let’s call this H)

2 continuous predictor variables (let’s call these D, S)

3 Continous Moderator - (lets call these BC - ef, bc pf and bc avoidant). These are inputted into SPSS as 3 separate variables as the questionnaire b-cope does NOT allow you to create a total score (by adding ef + pf + avoidant).

- D – delay

- S – Stress (measured by pss-10)

- BC pf - Brief Cope - 1 (consists of 4 questions with each questions represent a different factor)

- BC ef - Brief Cope – 2 (consists of 9 questions with each questions represent a different factor)

- BC avoidant - Brief Cope – 3 (consists of 4 questions which each questions represent a different factor)

To answer the aim I know i need to complete a hierarchial multiple regression but I don't know what to enter on what model or whether I need to do separate regressions and again what should be entered with what.

Q1. Can you please advise how my regression models would look as I can't work this out given my predictors, moderators and outcome variable listed below.

E.g. Model 1 ...

Model 2 ...

Q2. Do I need to look at interactions? If so which ones, how would this be put into SPSS ie in which models.

Possible Interaction examples ?

Stress x bc ef

Stress x bc pf

Stress x avoidant

Delay x bc ef

Delay x bc pf

Delay x avoidant

Q3. Do I need to run separate hierachial multiple regressions? If so can you please write how the model would look ie. Model 1 ..

Model 2...

To confirm I have completed only parametric tests. I have 1 group completing all predictor /moderators variables.

Hello,

I am using DASS-21 for a project. And, after getting the scores from 21 questions of the DASS-21 scale, you know, scores on the DASS-21 are multiplied by 2 to calculate the final score for each sub-scale and recorded according to its severity rating index. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores are calculated by adding up the scores of the items in each separate subscale, i.e.,

For Depression, the categories are-

No depression or normal (score: 0 - 9)

Mild (score: 10 - 13)

Moderate (score: 14 - 20)

Severe (score: 21 - 27)

Extremely severe (score: 28 and above)

**Anxiety, and Stress had similar types of categorie

Now, here these categories have been categorized/made after getting the scores from DASS-21. The respondents did not answer directly based on these categories.

Thanks in advance.

Depression is a mood disorder that involves a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. What are the causes, effects and probable solutions to depression? Sharing is caring. Thanks!!!

I want to find the correlation coefficients between two signals and to plot the deference in values using matlab. I have two eeg.edf datasets with 20 electrodes each, of healthy and depressed subjects. I have to find the correlation coefficient between electrode Fp1 healthy and Fp1 depressed, F3 healthy and F3 depressed and so on..

Can anyone help me with the code? so far I used edfread to transform my datasets in timetable variables.

Thank you!

Any studies provide this?

Hello, I have a question related to the metabolism of Serotonin. I am studying its metabolism in case of stress and depression and I could not find out the relationship between serotonin and 5HIAA in this particular case. MAO-A (the enzyme which metabolizes the serotonin hormone) inhibition is usually the mechanism of a lot of anti deprdepressantgs, but I have found several articles where the concentration of 5HIAA was lowered in case of depression and also suggestive of a lower concentration of Serotonin itself. But it doesn't justify the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. so I am confused now and want an answer for the exact relation of Serotonin and 5HIAA.

If serotonin is metabolized in 5HIAA, then 5HIAA concentration increases and serotonin descreases, so as serotoni conc. decreases, depression will increase. Is it right or no?

Do I need to request permission to use Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory or I can simply use them since they are available in the public domain. How I can decide that any given survey is in the public domain or not ?!

Dear Researchers,

Greetings! Very recently, one of our research articles have published in BMS Geriatrics where we discussed about the malnutrition and other geriatric depression risk factors. Here, we used 600 (300 depressed as cases and 300 non-depressed) older adult, residents (aged ≥60 years) of three rural communities of Bangladesh (see attachment).

Findings:

The study found no significant difference in gender (male Vs. female) between depressed (44.0% Vs. 56.0%) and non-depressed (46.0% Vs. 54.0%) older individuals. The study revealed that malnutrition was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in depressed (56.0%) than in non-depressed (18.0%) rural older adults. The malnourished older adults had around three times (AOR = 3.155; 95% CI: 1.53–6.49, p = 0.002) more risk of having depression than the well-nourished older individuals. Older adults who were unemployed (AOR = 4.964; 95% CI: 2.361–10.440; p = 0.0001) and from lower and middle class (AOR = 3.654; 95% CI: 2.266–7.767; p = 0.001) were more likely to experience depression. Older adults having a ‘poor diet’ were more likely to experience depression (AOR = 3.384; 95% CI: 1.764–6.703; p = 0.0001). The rural older adults who were single (AOR = 2.368; 95% CI: 1.762–6.524; p = 0.001) and tobacco users (AOR = 2.332; 95% CI: 1.663–5.623; p = 0.003) were found more likely to experience depression.

Geriatric Health research in Bangladesh is not in a good position. There is still so many lacks in this sectors. It's time to take some national level investigation and proper health policy for this age group.

Dear Researchers,

You can also add more policy recommendation for this age group.

Dear colleagues in the filed of psychology and similar disciplines,

Do you know some open call for cross-cultural project regarding post-COVID effects (or what is happening after the 2 years of pandemic) on various aspects of mental health (life satisfaction, stress, anxiety, optimism...), emotional status, interpersonal relationships, risky behavior, conspiracy theories and other beliefs, etc.?

Thank you.

I am measuring the association between depression and some variables in my study. The study population is divided into cases and controls. Depression is measured as a secondary outcome. When conducting a bivariate correlation between depression and the variables of interest in the whole population it produces a strong significant correlation, however when measuring the same association in cases only or controls only, the correlation coefficients drop to non significant level. i.e controlling for the disease status, the association between depression and the other variables become non-significant. What is the correct interpretation in this case?

"Depression is associated with certain variables" or "Depression has no relation to those variables and the disease status was the main cause of change in these variables"?

I have been able to access the 10-item clinician-administered version but am interested in using the self-report form. I'm able to find articles that cite its use and those testing its viability but none that include the actual measure.

Would it harm if an MDD patient receives TMS sessions 6 days a week instead of 5?

On a different note, is it required for the patient to receive 5 sessions in a row, or a patient could have TMS sessions simply 5 days a week in any order. Thanking you in advance.

I guess there must be some data collected regarding Covid and related to the field of psychology/psychiatry, considering its psychological impact. It might be gathered from the patients, family members or the society at large, either a public or private collection. Does anybody have any idea on how to access such data for research purposes?

Can you tell me "what are the different clinical stages of Mental Health among young boys. " Related to anxiety or depression...If so can you plz tell me those stages.

E. G

Stage 1

(a)

(b)

(C)

Stage(2)

Stage (3)

Stage (4)

Stage (5)

Stage(6)

----++++--

What are the characteristics of these stages?

How as a clinical practitioner do you define these characteristics.?

As said in the title, I'm looking for a journal related to my research Twitter Arabic Sentiment Analysis to Detect Depression Using Machine Learning

please help me out.

What do you think are the most important psychological disorders associated with COVID-19?

Friends and colleagues that use psychological questionnaires to measure depressive symptoms: what is your preference between the PHQ-9 and the BDI-II?

why the score value in research gate depresses with weekly updated, sometime?

What are the pharmacological risks?

I am a Medical student working on a research concerning mental health on young people. I am looking for a scale with good properties for symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Since the questionnaire includes many other dimension, short version are particularly welcome!

Thanks in advance!

What are the factors that predispose patients to treatment-resistant depression?

What are the advances that predict antidepressant treatment response for depression?

Two articles about prediction of antidepressant treatment response by using artificial intelligence technology and machine learning algorithms:

I am working on a paper on unemployment on psychological health of youth. Please in what order can input the following predictors variables using age as the control variable?

Perseverance

Irrational behaviour

Low self esteem

Depression and

Suicidal ideation

To understand the gut microbiome-brain axis

Many people suffering from Typ one diabetes mellitus, could be identify as almost depressive as well.

I have done EIS of SDC (Sm doped ceria) electrolyte from 550 to 750C. I observed the formation of a depressed semicircle. Also the diameter of semicircle decreases with increasing temperature with a decrease in resistance. What could be the possible reasons for formation of depressed semicircle? I am attaching the figure below.

how many of us undergo the Stress of being a researcher ? does it motivates only or it does Depresses at Times ?

please do write your views on it.

Best regards

Hey, all! I'm conducting research including a depression screening as one of our measures - the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). This tool has cutoff scores: ≥16 indicates clinically relevant symptoms and ≥27 indicates moderate to severe symptomology.

Our team is discussing how to disclose to participants if they had a positive score after our research concludes. We want to inform subjects of anything clinically relevant but not cause harm. How do you all handle this?

I do not know if this is a merely coincidence, but over the last number of years doing research, I have seen hundreds of Junior Researchers (either undergrad, master of PhD students) suffering from blood- and energy-suckers coordinators. Perhaps, this is a consequence of multiple factors (such as history of academic world and labor western culture). The fact is, as a Senior Researcher or Project Coordinator, what do you do to avoid or to alleviate mental illness amongst your students?

I need a stack of black and white .jpeg/.tiff/.jpg/.png images across time of either action potentials, neurons firing, or brain scans (comparing disease and normal brain, disease progression, etc.) that I can colorize and overlay for a project in a data visualization course. It wouldn't be published and only for submission to the instructor.

I'm doing a research with my team on Depression in India. We need a dataset of social media posts of Indian people. We want to do Sentiment Analysis on these posts and find out some insights which are India specific.

It is possible that we can get data from the above three more efficiently, but do not know how?

If there is any forum related to depression, or mental health, it will also work.

We've also posted related question here:

TL;DR: Looking for Indian dataset of social media posts of depresses/anxious people.

Dear colleagues

I'm interesting in vermiculture and vermicompost technology. However, I noticed that there were some negative impact effects of adding vermicompost to soil, and depressing growth rate of plants.

Is there any one noticed that or face problems with using vermicompost as organic fertilizers

Hi,

for a facial emotion recognition detection project, a friend asked me if I know where he could find a dataset with faces of depressed people.

I found this deep learning facial emotion recognition project:

https://machinelearnings.co/facial-emotion-recognition-single-rule-1-0-deeplearning-c90c3c2be788

based on theDexter Miranda’s photo project, "The Face We Make":

https://www.flickr.com/photos/thefacewemake/ utilisé dans ce projet deeplearning https://machinelearnings.co/facial-emotion-recognition-single-rule-1-0-deeplearning-c90c3c2be788

But, the photos are not specifically about "depressive faces" (more about emotions).

On Kaggle, I found a better dataset:

And the JAFFE dataset:

https://zenodo.org/record/3451524#.XtetaFUzapo

So, I would like to know if there are "scientific or psychological dataset" with photos of faces expressing different emotions with depressive symptoms?

Thanks,

Laurent Berry

I am interested in the literary origins of noir crime writing.

Can anyone recommend the very best, or 'must read', works on either the novelist Ernest Hemingway or the subject of the 'Forgotten Man' (that is American veterans of WWI and the mass unemployed of the Great Depression)?

Many Thanks!

Major Depressiove Disorder/ Depression/ Anxiety

Dear Colleauges,

What is the rationale for studying dopamine’s role in Major Depressive Disorder?

Major Depressive Disorder (depression) is a multifactorial, biologically and symptomatically heterogeneous condition. Amongst the numerous—and potentially equally valid—proposals concerning its aetiology (e.g., inflammation, genetics, stress-related mechanisms, etc.), one of the longest-standing ideas is the “monoamine hypothesis” stating that one or more dysfunctional monoamine systems are key contributors in the development of this psychiatric disorder. Historically, most of the research focus has been on the role of serotonin and noradrenalin. Although this might not be “The” biological explanation for depression, a dysfunctional monoamine system, dopamine system in particular, is likely to contribute to the emergence of the two “sine qua non” symptoms associated with depression: on one hand, depressed mood and reduced motivation/perseverance and on the other, anhedonia and loss of interest in what were previously pleasurable activities. There is growing interest in dopamine’s role in clinical depression, especially, in the way it works as a modulator of the brain’s reward systems. Furthermore, there is pre-clinical evidence that A10 dopaminergic neurons projecting from the midbrain ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical areas over several routes are associated with motivation, exploration, appetitive learning, reward-driven behaviours, and a depressive-like phenotype in experimental models of depression. The reward systems might also be implicated in aversive stimuli, a recent notion which needs to be further explored.

This Special Issue of Brain Sciences aims to bring together some of the current ideas on the function or dysfunction of dopamine and dopaminergic transmission in depression, by examining the most recent evidence from advanced clinical and experimental research. It will gather insights from well-acclaimed experts in the field towards answering the ultimate question: what is the true role of dopamine in Major Depression?

For more information on contributing to this Special Issue, please go to:

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci/special_issues/Dopaminergic_Neurons_Depression

Thank You!

Dr. Màté D. Döbrössy Guest Editor

Are feelings of emptiness commonly experienced even within non-clinical populations? If so, are these experiences less salient due to a lack of personal awareness about the problem? Or, are people reluctant to disclose this feeling due to societal stigma?

In other words, is emptiness a major problem in modern society, and, if so, why is it so inconspicuous?

Why the number of secondary depressions on existing chromosomes varies?

As millions are getting depressed losing health and job and loniliness ,anew hope is begining to build up.really we need to this encouragement.we need all hygene ,distant physically to immune ourself from epidemic .this is new oxygen and new life really.so How can we fight depression and fear?lets hope that vwe recovered from deadly disease ,to get new life ,freedom and happiness.

Evidence is accumulating that glutamate abnormalities may also play a role in depression. But how does the glutamate level change? In chronic mild unexpected stress models, the glutamate level is decreased. But in the early stress, the glutamate level is increased. In my opinion, the early stress results in the increased glutamate, which leads to glutamate-mediated toxicity and damage the neurons. Later, the loss of neurons lead to decreased glutamate.

Anyone has a pdf form of Children''s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI2)

Hello everyone! I am researching the molecular mechanisms which drive depression in the context of gut microbiota. From what I know, depression's pathogenesis primarily relies on Tryptophan metabolism. On one hand, the pathway is perturbed to the kynurenic pathway which leads to the formation of kynurenic metabolites (KYNA, QA, XA, etc). These kynurenic metabolites exert neurotoxic effects which ultimately drive depression phenotypes. They are also able to affect the enteric nervous system, the gut millieu, and immune system which contribute to depression.

On the other hand, Tryptophan metabolism can also be driven towards serotonin synthesis. Inflammatory bowel disease and its likes (Crohn's disease, colitis) have been shown to have increased serotonin (evidenced by increased TPH expression) and decreased SERT expression. Serotonin has been shown to be pro-inflammatory and this supports the inflammatory theory of depression.

While these explanations do not completely contradict each other and that they may simultaneously contribute to depression, an "irony" still exist that one says a perturbation towards kynurenine while the other is towards serotonin. Either way, Tryptophan is consumed and surely leads towards an increased bias to one pathway (ie. increased serotogenic or increased kynurenic). Hence, do you know of any articles which settle this apparent contradiction? Or perhaps there is something I incorrectly understand?

Thank you!

Hi all,

I am doing a longitudinal study using depressive score as my DV. It is an observational study. No variables are manipulated. I have currently collected baseline (Time 1) and first follow-up (Time 2) data. I have a number of variables as predictors of the depressive score and I would like to identify what hypothesized variables collected at baseline would predict the Time 2 depressive score, and possibly be significant predictors for depressive scores at other time points in the future.

Do I

1) put predictors at baseline as IV, change score of depressive score as DV in the multiple regression model?

or

2) put predictors at baseline and baseline (Time 1) depressive score as IV, and Time 2 depressive score as DV in the multiple regression model?

I have actually tried both methods, it ended up that while using method 1, the predictors of change score are the same as those of Time 1 depressive score.

Whlie using method 2, no predictors (not even baseline depressive score) at baseline are significant predictors of Time 2 depressive score.

I wonder how I should have analyzed and interpreted the data. Thanks a lot!

Anna

In your personal experience,How do you manage your life and make a balance between work, family and other related sections!?:)

I would be thrilled to have your points!

After being affected with that viruse , most of the patients feel depressed and sad . How can we , psychologically, encourage them ?

please guide me about the sample size calculation for this study

I am trying to discern whether, in the brain (structure & function) of people with bipolar disorder/MDD/schizophrenia who experienced childhood trauma, there are:

1. already differences in children's brain structure & function that trauma further modifies and the person develops a mental illness OR (genetics first then trauma)

2. trauma changes the structure and function of the brain that the child's genetics further modifies and the person develops a mental illness (trauma first then genetics)

Has anyone researched this & if so, can you please share your findings or references you know of?

Hi Everyone,

I want to analyse how well two scales agree for detecting changes in wellbeing. I look at the Bland-Altman Method. One scale is a simple score from 0 - 10 for wellbeing. The other scale is the well established Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (goes from 0 - 63) . I wonder how to analyse the agreement?

Thanks!

Fred

I am a physician and visiting research scientist at yale and together with my coauthors have published several studies in the field of psychology through Network Modeling and related analyses using r packages like bootnet, qgraph, NetworkComparisonTest, etc. I thought it might be a good idea to discuss different subjects related to this field, in a group. I am also interested in collaboration with other teams working in the field. Let's share our ideas, questions and suggestions in this group.

I have a student conducting research on coping mechanisms used by males with partners suffering from Post Part Depression. It has been very difficult getting participants to complete the survey. Any suggestions on where this can best be posted to improve participation?

Already tried social media sites and groups focused on male issues with limited response.

With everyone having their own struggle and a different definition of being 'stressed'. Does problems of 23 years old smaller than that of 46 years?

I am currently working on a database and I have tried various methods of machine learning and deep learning, all leads to poor classification/prediction. However, this might show that the two groups have no significant difference. For example, the database I have is a collection of audio speech and their associated depression level. I am assuming that the culture of where I am from and the strong religious believe, prevented the society from going too deep into depression. However, I need to find some literature to back up this statement. But, it seems that there are no significant difference between the acoustics of depressed and non depressed. Can I write these poor results in a paper? Any tips?

Thank you

Hello, I am working with the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. I am trying to establish cut points for depressed/not depressed and anxious/not anxious. I know that I need to use an ROC curve to find the cut points, but I am not sure of the process to get there. Can anyone provide directions on going from survey questions/answers (I have 22 participants who have completed both surveys; no missing data) to establishing the ROC curve?

Thank you very much

It is believed that there are several depressed people of COVID-19 lockdown. How a psychologist could support them amid the lockdown?

I would like to enrol into a master's program at one of these universities and write my master's thesis on a topic involving the above three components.

Is there any physiological value or index that show us a stress or anxiety level? For example in an experimental reseach, when we want to find out computer games effect on stress, depression or anxiety, How can we detect these disorders level by using with physiological indicators?

corona pandemic is worldwide issue and during the lockdown period people are getting depressed. so let all discuss their way of handling stress

Dear all

Hope you are all safe and healthy. We are doing a study on Phubbing and its association with depression, anxiety, and couple satisfaction. Phubbing is an under-researched area despite the increasing prevalence of problematic internet use and the associated mental health consequences. Since we need a large number of respondents, we are posting here and requesting you all to kindly spare a couple of minutes to go through it.

We assure that it will only take a few minutes to complete the questions.

We also encourage you to share the study.

Feel free to contact us for any doubts

Here is the link:

PS: It can be filled by singles too, as couple satisfaction is only a part of the study.

Best regards

Pooja

Karthick

Bigya

Most of the commentary about the current COVID-19 induced economic challenges use either the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) or the 1929 Great Depression (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52236936) as reference points. The reference points most relate to; 1) the severity of the economic challenges and; b) the time it will take to recover from the current challenge, in relation to either 1929 or 2008.

In the outlook for the recovery period, it assumed that the recovery will either be in the form of V shape or an L Shape compared to previous recovery shapes.

The questions are as follows:

For ease of reference, see some of the links below

NB: The significance of the BBC reference is the quote (s) attributed to the MD of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

I am writing a research proposal on psychological aspects of IBD (anxiety/depression...) what should I use as my themes for my lit review?

HI,

this is Farhana, currently studying Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering in BRAC University in Bangladesh.

My thesis project is on "Depression and normal condition" and I wanna find a clean EEG data set about Depression and normal condition. is it possible for you to share your data set with me?

Thank you

Depression, also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.

Have you ever struggle with depression? Please advise how depression can be overcome?

Thank you in advance for sharing your knowledge and experience.

We are in the middle of a crisis, in the quarantines. Irresponsible behavior has brought us to our current state. We did not learn any lessons learned from viruses that preceded and resembled the COVID-19 virus. Today's topic is not the reason that led us to this situation but commenting on the measures we have taken. The study of (Bishwajit et al., 2017) examined the effects of physical activity on depression. Their study had a representative number of middle- and older-aged subjects (7204). They concluded that a lower frequency of vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with higher rates of depression diagnosed. Depression symptoms and physical inactivity are factors that are closely correlated with obesity (Garimella et al., 2016). The elderly population has a prevalence of anxiety and depression around 10 and 12 %, these findings are caused as a consequence of different factors. Health-related quality of life and physical function play an important role in depression and anxiety (Sousa et al., 2017). The logical conclusion is that physical activity can reduce the levels of depression. Many studies have addressed this topic. Throughout history, our race has evolved. From the beginning of the cognitive, through the agricultural and industrial revolution to the present, we can observe a trend of decline in physical activity. This trend was accompanied by the appearance of metabolic and chronic diseases. Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is the primary cause of most chronic diseases. (Booth et al., 2011). Physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life.

This brief introduction is just a small overview of the literature that has examined the topics of physical inactivity, depression, and chronic illnesses.

Because we are in quarantine, and our movement is restricted and in some environments disabled we face many difficulties. Speaking personally and listening to people from my surroundings, from a psychological point of view, quarantine has a rather negative impact on people. With this, the media and the internet, which is full of misinformation, make people panic.

Reference:

Bishwajit, G., O’Leary, D. P., Ghosh, S., Yaya, S., Shangfeng, T., & Feng, Z. (2017). Physical inactivity and self-reported depression among middle-and older-aged population in South Asia: World health survey. BMC geriatrics, 17(1), 100.

Booth, Frank W., Christian K. Roberts, and Matthew J. Laye. "Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases." Comprehensive Physiology 2, no. 2 (2011): 1143-1211.

Garimella, R. S., Sears, S. F., & Gehi, A. K. (2016). Depression and physical inactivity as confounding the effect of obesity on atrial fibrillation. The American journal of cardiology, 117(11), 1760-1764.

Sousa, R. D. D., Rodrigues, A. M., Gregório, M. J., Branco, J. D. C., Gouveia, M. J., Canhão, H., & Dias, S. S. (2017). Anxiety and depression in the Portuguese older adults: prevalence and associated factors. Frontiers in medicine, 4, 196.

Treatment of Bipolar Depression

During test of cycle_gate, we ask people to walk, then they pay attention to it and their way of walking is changed, also darkness can change it too.

but that is question, whether mental illness such as depression change the cycle_gate?that could help us to find therapies for these diseases.

Planning an intervention for infertile depressed and anxious people, for guidence purpose I want to go through those interventions if you know any. thank You

Is there a scale available free of cost and without copyright issues to evaluate self-efficacy for primary health workers ?

Similarly , are they scales available for evaluating change in social , health and economic outcome in depressed individuals located in low middle income countries ?

If the scales are not available , on constructing these scales can we develop a structured questionnaire assessing social , health and economic outcome in depressed individuals ? If so , what constructs should we undertake ?

Thank you

I am currently starting to write a literature review for my Doctoral Thesis. As I am writing, I am wondering about the acceptability of using only three books as references for a chapter (not the whole discussion) in my literature review.

The reason why I am doing because I found these three books are recent (2012, 2014, & 2015) and already consist of abundant information for the chapter.

I am writing a chapter about Depression and these three books has already given me information about 1) Types of Depression 2) Causes of Depression (from Biopsychosocial aspect) 3) Effect of Depression 4) Best Available Treatments 5) Prognosis of Depression. Furthermore, for me, these sub-chapters are already enough for one chapter only. Considering that there are still many to come.

Any critique or suggestions are welcome.

Thank you

I need to apply LiDAR for fault growth analysis project to study the presence of Strike-slip faults in strain linkage extensional regime.

I've seen at symposia that some people have success recruiting for research studies on subreddits like r/depression or r/anxiety. Does anyone have experience with this? I have an upcoming study where I think this recruitment method would be useful. Has anyone run into IRB issues with this recruitment method? If you've had success with this recruitment method, how did you go about making your posts?

I would like to write an academic essay on Depression among youth using Participatory Action Research and its applicability in our country but I dont have the idea how to make my ideas flow. Im starting to build an outline but it seems lacking and disastrous. Do u have any idea what are the essential information and data to include so that my paper will be clear and convincing? You can also include suggests readings that I could review. I highly appreciate any form of help.

Why Have Researchers so far failed to identify common GENE MUTATIONS that contribute to risk for MAJOR DEPRESSION?

I am looking for a valid scale to be used in assessing Learned Helplessness in patients at a primary care clinic. If there is such scale and if it is not available in the native language of my country, could I instead use the scale through a structured interview to help patients understand the scale?