Decompression Sickness - Science topic

This can be simply explained by understanding gas laws and the increase of pressure due to the weight/density of water around the bottle. Everything else has to do with the static stability of the bottle.

Regarding lungs: As long as there is no pressured air/gas put to your lungs and then a decrease in surrounding pressure happens (e.g. by ascending), there is no severe danger to lungs. Furthermore, in the literature towards Apnoe you will find lots of information regarding physiological processes such as "Blood Shift".

Gas laws important in this context encompass the ideal gas equation (Boyle-Mariott/Gay-Lussac/Chales), the partial pressure concept as expressed in Dalton's Law, and the Law of Henry (which denotes the ability of gas solution in liquids under high-pressured conditions....

But basically... this question can be best answered, if you take one of the basic diving course theory books or do an open-water-diving course ;)

Since altitude DCS can be either rapid or slow, it depends on the scenario. In a rapid decompression, many of the effects can happen very quickly such as hypoxia, cyanosis, ear/intestinal discomfort. Diving is most associated with things like the bends which are not as common in rapid decompression. If you mean long term exposure at high altitude such as among climbers, the effects may be more progressive. Altitude sickness may result in fluid in the lungs.

An interesting area is how multiple bubbles are interacting with a tissue and cause fragmentation/liquification. For example in histotripsy the concerted action of cavitation fragment tissue. How bubbles achieve this is an open question and has relevance for the application in tumour therapy.