Decentralization - Science topic

Helps in visualizing regions based on eco-sensitiveness • Visualize variables used for computing eco-sensitiveness • Available at grid level (5’x5’ or 9 km x 9 km) and village levels • Aids in decision making at decentralized levels (BMC, local forest department, etc.) Western Ghats Spatial Decision Support System (WGSDSS) has been designed as part...

Searching for a specific transaction on a blockchain is vital for multiple reasons. It facilitates the verification of transaction authenticity and completion. Also, for businesses and financial institutions, transaction searches are indispensable for auditing, fraud detection, and ensuring compliance. Recently, blockchain technology has garnered a...

This groundbreaking encyclopaedia presents 74 innovative concepts selected and elaborated by multilingual scholars, enriching critical discussions of the notion of interculturality in global scholarship. Many scholars are currently attempting to un-re-think and decolonize interculturality in different fields of research. Although ideas are critiqu...

In alternating current (AC) microgrids, the prevalent approach for controlling the power distribution between generators and loads is droop control. This decentralized technique ensures accurate power sharing; however, its utility is restricted by significant drawbacks. Notably, in scenarios involving dissimilar power sources, mismatched impedance...

Smart contracts have emerged as a transformative technology within the blockchain ecosystem, facilitating the automated and trustless execution of agreements. Their adoption spans diverse sectors such as education, agriculture, healthcare, government, real estate, transportation, supply chain, and global initiatives like Central Bank Digital Curren...

After the German reunification in 1990, East Germany transitioned from a centrally planned economic system to a market economy. To tackle surging unemployment, upskilling through adult education was deemed essential at the time. Besides substantial mandatory training programs provided by active labor market policies, Volkshochschulen (VHS) were the...

Les manuels étant des outils pédagogiques favorisent le travail de l’enseignant et aident l’apprenant à développer des compétences langagières. Mais à travers leurs contenus, ils font aussi passer des valeurs, des croyances et des représentations sociales, des clichés auprès de nos apprenants. L’enseignement/apprentissage des clichés contribue à l’...

In smart applications, streaming IoT data is essential to building trust in sustainable IoT solutions. However, most existing systems for storing and disseminating IoT data streams lack reliability, security, and transparency, primarily due to centralized architectures that create single points of failure. To address these limitations, this researc...

However, the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices reinforces the need for real-time data collection of massive amounts of data, and increasingly pressing requirements for secure, efficient, and privacy-preserving diffusion of such data. The inherent challenges associated with IoT data sharing in real-time environments are dealt with...

Abstract : However, the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices reinforces the need for real-time data collection of massive amounts of data, and increasingly pressing requirements for secure, efficient, and privacy-preserving diffusion of such data. The inherent challenges associated with IoT data sharing in real-time environments are...

This chapter analyses technologies that support decentralised identity on the Web. The World Wide Web Consortium, which maintains the technical specifications of the Web, has consistently advocated for decentralised models for sharing information. Some of their latest recommendations include the specification of a Decentralised Identifier (DID) and...

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the creation of increasingly complex and adaptive systems. Despite significant progress, the underlying theoretical frameworks used to design and analyze AI systems often lack a unified, mathematically rigorous foundation. This paper introduces an algebraic framework for AI by definin...

Algorithmic stablecoins have emerged as a novel solution for achieving price stability in decentralized finance (DeFi) without reliance on traditional asset backing. By leveraging smart contracts and algorithmic mechanisms, they offer potential benefits, including enhanced capital efficiency and decentralization. However, the collapse of TerraUSD (...

A change in the understanding of rural policy took place in the 1980s when there was a transition from a sectoral to a territorial perception of rural areas. Rural areas are no longer identified only with agriculture. There has been a recent decentralization of rural policy to the regional and local levels, which requires the recognition of the div...

Guided by Johan Galtung's positive peace theory, this paper critically examines Afghanistan's prospects for achieving positive peace through political decentralization of power. It analyzes past internal and external peacebuilding initiatives, identifies factors that have contributed to the failures of these attempts, and derives lessons for future...

This study uses the Bayesian structural model to assess the causal effect of the futures exchange (FTX) insolvency on cryptocurrencies from October 2022 to December 14, 2022. Findings show that FTX insolvency negatively impacts cryptocurrencies. Moreover, the results indicate rapid divergence from counterfactual predictions, and the actual cryptocu...

With this editorial, we inaugurate the next issue of our journal, which introduces and explores the term Science 3.0, defined as human research driven by decentralized AI agents.

The governorate councils have great importance according to the 2005 constitution for adopting the principle of administrative decentralization, and since a member of the provincial council is the building block of this formation, it has become necessary to look at it with a view to its tasks and its rights and duties, and neither the Iraqi constit...

The study examines how fiscal decentralization affects the education index at the district level in Pakistan's Punjab province, which has five components. Disparities in the distribution of public services have existed throughout Pakistan's history, and current research on regional development emphasizes the importance of evaluating human developme...

Prosumer households can play a pivotal role in advancing energy sufficiency by integrating decentralized energy sources, reducing overall demand, and adopting flexible consumption practices. This flexibility can be offered by electric vehicles (EVs), heat pumps, and storage batteries, but fully exploiting the technologies environmental benefits req...

Web 3.0 marks the beginning of a new era for the internet, characterized by distributed technology that prioritizes data ownership and value expression. Web 3.0 aims to empower users by providing them with ownership and control of their data and digital assets rather than leaving them in the hands of large corporations. Web 3.0 relies on decentrali...

In this paper, we propose a new strategy to solve the multi-robot formation problem. Considering a set of holonomic robots, a decentralized algorithm is proposed to guide the robots to achieve a predefined formation while avoiding collisions with non-convex obstacles, dynamic obstacles, and other robots. Local collision avoidance is achieved using...

Large-scale AI model training divides work across thousands of GPUs, then synchronizes gradients across them at each step. This incurs a significant network burden that only centralized, monolithic clusters can support, driving up infrastructure costs and straining power systems. We propose Decentralized Diffusion Models, a scalable framework for d...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the technological advancements, practical applications, inherent challenges, and emerging trends shaping the field of mobile biometrics. Over the past decade, the domain has evolved from basic fingerprint sensors to sophisticated multimodal systems leveraging AI-driven physiological and behavioral biome...

The debate on decolonising development studies (DS) can be more fruitful if we focus on epistemic issues. Since mainstream DS has been essentially Eurocentric, where coloniality is normalised, I suggest in this commentary that decolonising DS is best pursued by decentring coloniality. I use the epistemic justice framework to illustrate how both int...

Federated learning is a computing paradigm that enhances privacy by enabling multiple parties to collaboratively train a machine learning model without revealing personal data. However, current research indicates that traditional federated learning platforms are unable to ensure privacy due to privacy leaks caused by the interchange of gradients. T...

Blockchain technology has emerged as a game-changer in securing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. By providing a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger, blockchain ensures the integrity of geospatial data and enables secure, transparent sharing across stakeholders. This article explores the role of blockchain in GIS security, its key benefi...

The growing popularity of Electric Vehicles (EVs) necessitates advanced systems capable of managing the increasing complexity of EV-generated data. However, the exponential expansion of data streams poses significant challenges to existing network infrastructure, potentially limiting EV performance and scalability. This survey investigates the syne...

The increasing prevalence of fraudulent activities in banking transactions has highlighted the need for more efficient and intelligent detection systems. This paper explores the integration of fog computing and deep learning techniques to enhance suspicious activity detection in banking transactions. Fog computing, by bringing computation closer to...

Blockchain was recently recognized as one of the top 10 emerging technologies by the World Economic Forum (2016). Prior to this remarkable recognition, The Economist published several articles about the "trust machine" and therefore introduced this remarkable new technology to a wider audience. Prior to these developments, information science and b...

Green ammonia synthesis using fluctuating renewable energy supply in decentralized process is a goal that has been long sought after. Ammonia synthesis with non‐thermal plasma under mild conditions is a promising technology, but it faces the critical challenge of low energy efficiency. Herein, we develop an easily‐scalable AuCu3/Cu catalyst, which...

Background LatAm‐FINGERS is the first non‐pharmacological multicenter randomized clinical trial aimed at preventing cognitive impairment in Latin America. It encompasses twelve countries that collectively represent 45% of the territory in the Americas. Its objective is to reach populations that, despite sharing commonalities such as language, are c...

The report is devoted to the concept of creating block-recursive matrix algorithms for computing on a supercomputer with distributed memory and dynamic decentralized control.

Machine learning models have achieved, and in some cases surpassed, human-level performance in various tasks, mainly through centralized training of static models and the use of large models stored in centralized clouds for inference. However, this centralized approach has several drawbacks, including privacy concerns, high storage demands, a singl...

The increasing demand for clean water and the growing global emphasis on sustainability have led to the exploration of innovative water purification technologies. Electrocoagulation (EC), a promising electrochemical method, has gained significant attention due to its ability to efficiently remove contaminants from water. However, the energy-intensi...

Positive energy districts (PEDs) are central in the global transition toward sustainable, decentralized, and self-sufficient energy systems. Energy transformation taking place locally in cities may trigger broader sustainability transitions (STs) toward PED ecosystems at macro level. The work adopts a service ecosystems perspective to tackle the co...

This research aims to analyze the implementation of asymmetric decentralization in Indonesia with the case study of Papua. Efforts to end the conflict in Papua are a priority for the Indonesian government. This research uses qualitative research methods packaged in a normative legal approach, including historical and legal approaches as primary sou...

Background Recent growth in the functionality and use of technology has prompted an increased interest in the potential for remote or decentralised clinical trials in dementia. There are many potential benefits associated with decentralised medication trials, but the field is currently lacking specific recommendations for their delivery in the deme...

Supply chain financing based on Internet technology is gradually displacing alternative types offinancing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a result of the continued fullexecutionof the "Internet Plus" growth plan . Banking, supply chain management, and healthcare are just afew of the sectors that have been severely impacted by the r...

Blockchain technology is an emerging decentralized and distributed technology that can maintain data security. It has the potential to transform many sectors completely. The core component of blockchain networks is the consensus algorithm because its efficiency, security, and scalability depend on it. A consensus problem is a difficult and signific...

With the growing computational capabilities of microcontroller units (MCUs), edge devices can now support machine learning models. However, deploying decentralised federated learning (DFL) on such devices presents key challenges, including intermittent connectivity, limited communication range, and dynamic network topologies. This paper proposes a...

Challenges and Solutions for Protection in Power Systems with Inverter-based Resources (IBR) Title: Challenges and Solutions for Protection in Power Systems with Inverter-based Resources (IBR) Conference: IDEAS 2025 IEEE International Decentralized Energy Access Solutions(IDEAS) Conference. Bali, Indonesia, January 7-9, 2025. VIDEO: https://youtu...

The digital era has reshaped organizational landscapes, heightening the demand for flexibility and collaboration as key strategic differentiators and driving the adoption of horizontal organizational architectures, such as adhocratic systems, networks, and business ecosystems. These decentralized configurations reject centralization, rendering trad...

The development of cross-border e-commerce platform promotes the new channel model between domestic and international. How to determine the dual-channel pricing decision of manufacturers and retailers under the condition of tariff and transportation heterogeneity has become an important and realistic problem. Based on the perspective of cross-borde...

In countries with multi-level governance, the balance of power between centre and periphery results from complex bargaining processes. Existing literature equates decentralisation to its de jure dimension, which risks missing variation in the extent to which decentralisation reforms take place. In this paper, we argue that decentralisation is a two...

The rapid advancement of digital technology has introduced new challenges for inheritance law, particularly with regard to digital assets such as cryptocurrencies. In Indonesia, the legal framework has yet to fully address the unique issues posed by the inheritance of digital assets. Although cryptocurrencies are classified as intangible movable pr...

Blockchain-based Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging decentralized machine learning paradigm that enables model training without relying on a central server. Although some BFL frameworks are considered privacy-preserving, they are still vulnerable to various attacks, including inference and model poisoning. Additionally, most of these solutions...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used to conserve and manage coastal resources. Protected areas are governed by a variety of institutional arrangements, yet little is known concerning the relative performance of different governance approaches. This research draws upon a unique dataset that combines details on the reported International Uni...

Thanks to its features such as security, transparency, and decentralization, blockchain technology offers significant innovations in many industries and has become an essential tool in the evaluation of various projects. The aim of this study is to determine the basic criteria used in the selection process of blockchain projects and to prioritize t...

The problem of a single point of failure in centralized systems poses a great challenge to the stability of such systems. Meanwhile, the tamperability of data within centralized systems makes users reluctant to trust and use centralized applications in many scenarios, including the financial and business sectors. Blockchain, as a new decentralized...

This paper proposes a symmetrical international monetary system (IMS) that can be self-balancing, self-stabilizing, and self-sufficient, called an “organic system”. The organic system issues a cross-border means of payment called “organic currency”. Organic currency is only for international transactions between member countries. Domestic transacti...

The rapid development of information and communication technology has significantly impacted various aspects of life, including Islamic education. This paper aims to design a future model of Islamic education that integrates advancements in technology, artificial intelligence (AI), Web3, and the metaverse. The research method used is a literature r...

Cooperation classes have been defined by SAE International to differentiate the communication capabilities between vehicles and infrastructure. To advance understanding of the impact of cooperation classes on autonomous cooperative driving and optimize traffic operations, this article proposes an edge‐computing‐based operations framework for cooper...

The impact of fiscal decentralization on energy intensity has been a long-standing subject of interest and debate. However, to date, there has been a notable absence of studies delving into the effects of fiscal decentralization on energy intensity from the vantage point of tax sharing. This investigation explores the effects of China’s value-added...

El sistema de atención de salud del Perú enfrenta desafíos importantes en términos de acceso y equidad, particularmente entre grupos asegurados y no asegurados. Este artículo examina cómo las características demográficas, geográficas y educativas afectan el uso de los servicios de salud ambulatorios, encontrando que las personas con seguro médi...

Most engineering institutes face many complex problems which can’t be solved by a top-down approach. Many tenured senior faculty members don’t continue lifelong learning whereas middle-level qualified faculty members who updated their skills and abilities are ready to meet the challenges of disruptive technologies. They need to be updated through v...

With the growing complexity of knowledge production, social science must accelerate and open up to maintain explanatory power and responsiveness. This goal requires redesigning the front end of the research to build an open and expandable knowledge infrastructure that stimulates broad collaborations, enables breaking down inertia and path dependenc...

Implementing effective governance for blockchain-based traceability systems in supply chain consortia is essential to align IT strategies with broader business goals, ensuring that these systems drive value creation and improve overall supply chain efficiency. Establishing these governance structures helps consortia optimize transparency, complianc...

The rise of cryptocurrencies over the past decade has promised to challenge the dominance of fiat money systems and reshape monetary policy. However, recent developments, including market volatility and the collapse of key exchanges like FTX, have eroded public trust, raising skepticism of a feasible transition to a crypto-based monetary system. Th...

The article focuses on the planned evaluation of the effects of decentralised ventilation of the interiors of residential buildings using local ventilation units. It analyses the advantages and disadvantages of this type of ventilation, the penetration of external noise through the opening of the ventilation unit, which will be measured experimenta...

The growing penetration of renewable energy sources and the increasing number of electrical consumers at the low-voltage level present significant challenges for controlling the low-voltage grid. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a decentralized approach to energy dispatch and grid congestion management. While the global energy tra...

This paper explores the transformative potential of Web3 technologies in addressing key challenges confronting the U.S. technology sector, including data security vulnerabilities, the monopolistic influence of Big Tech, and the inadequacy of existing regulatory frameworks. While initiatives such as a Bitcoin strategic reserve have captured media at...

Data spaces have gained increasing attention due to the possibility of integrating heterogeneous data sources, which is particularly important for furthering digital transformation since sharing data is among its main drivers. Initiatives such as International Data Spaces (IDS) and GAIA-X contribute to the establishment of trustworthy data infrastr...

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems offer a compelling solution for under develop regions like Nepal, characterized by simplicity in construction, ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. Among these, the rock filter integrated with a constructed wetland stands out for its utilization of natural physic-chemical and microbia...

In industrial environments, predicting human actions is essential for ensuring safe and effective collaboration between humans and robots. This paper introduces a perception framework that enables mobile robots to understand and share information about human actions in a decentralized way. The framework first allows each robot to build a spatial gr...

The growing adoption of machine learning (ML) in diverse domains necessitates systems that enable collaborative model training while preserving data privacy and security. Decentralized ML systems, such as federated learning, offer a promising solution by enabling model training across multiple devices or institutions without requiring direct data s...

Decentralized Applications (DApps) are increasingly popular. Many projects are proposed by blockchain enthusiasts, but many of these projects fail. In order to stimulate the development of successful DApps, clear guidelines and best practices are needed. Design patterns and architectural principles are already available in the literature. While ext...

The shift from 5G to 6G networks is anticipated to significantly advance network slicing. This progress is driven by the growing demand for next-generation applications and services. However, these advancements must be managed within the constraints of limited resources. This evolution opens up opportunities for resource sharing through emerging ma...

The impact of Blockchain technology has been felt across the globe, but its the world of supply chain that has seem some of the most startling shifts. In that regard, supply chain start ups has an avenue to change, being able to leverage blockchains advantages of transparency, immutability, and decentralization. The objective of this paper is to in...

Land distribution is intricately linked to economic quality and sustainable growth, influenced by administrative division adjustment (ADA), which can be categorized into various forms, with the township–town merge (TTM) reform being the most common. This study evaluates the effect of TTM on local governments’ dependence on polluting industries from...

The increasing complexity of global supply chains necessitates innovative solutions for real-time inventory tracking, a critical component for maintaining efficiency and responsiveness in dynamic markets. Microservices architecture, characterized by its modular and decentralized approach, has gained prominence as a transformative strategy in this d...

Exploring the concept of Blockchain in Cryptocurrency and its uses in decentralizing banking system

Recently, distributed systems have become the backbone of technological development. It serves as the foundation for new trends technologies such as blockchain, the internet of things and others. A distributed system provides fault tolerance and decentralization, where a fault in any component does not result in a whole system failure. In addition,...

Abstract Private companies seeking to grow often face complex regulations that hinder their development or delay decision-making. These challenges stem from market monopolies that tend to absorb smaller entities. However, principles of free markets and democratic governance protect social justice and prevent the concentration of corrupting power. T...

The emergence of cooperation in decentralized multi-agent systems is challenging; naive implementations of learning algorithms typically fail to converge or converge to equilibria without cooperation. Opponent modeling techniques, combined with reinforcement learning, have been successful in promoting cooperation, but face challenges when other age...

Introduction Rapid advancements in technology are significantly impacting the healthcare system, and decision-making regarding technology adoption occurs at multiple decentralized levels within hospitals. National bodies seek to standardize this process, yet differing visions and strategies hinder centralization. This study explores the relationshi...

Abstrakt: Im Zuge der weltweiten Globalisierung wächst Vietnams Wirtschaft immer stärker. Durch die Integration in die Weltwirtschaft baut Vietnam zudem eine vollständige Marktwirtschaft auf. Als Reaktion auf diese Nachfrage entwickeln sich auch die Aktivitäten auf dem vietnamesischen Immobilienmarkt stark, um den Anforderungen der internationalen...

In this contribution to the Organization Zoo series, we examine Buurtzorg, a highly successful Dutch home care organization with over 14 thousand employees that operates without any supervisors or middle management. Given its size, it is a rare example of a self-managing organization that has radically decentralized decision-making to empower auton...

The application of blockchain technology and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) into geology offers potential for the preservation, management, and dissemination of geological data. This perspective paper explores the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of utilizing NFTs in managing geological data, particularly focusing on geology research materials. NF...

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning framework that enables the efficient construction of a global model using a vast amount of decentralized client data. However, FL has little control over the local data and the training process, which is vulnerable to poisoning attacks. Among them, label flipping attacks significantly affect...

In the context of a high proportion of new energy grid connections, demand-side resources have become an inevitable choice for constructing new power systems due to their high flexibility and fast response speed. However, the response capability of demand-side resources is decentralized and fluctuating, which makes it difficult for them to effectiv...

Les médias sociaux sont devenus un outil essentiel de l'engagement politique à l'ère numérique, influençant le discours et amplifiant la propagande. Des plateformes comme Facebook, Twitter, Instagram et YouTube ont démocratisé le flux d'informations, permettant aux individus et aux organisations de diffuser rapidement des messages. Cependant, cette...

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects devices to enhance efficiency, productivity, and quality of life. However, deploying IoT networks introduces critical privacy and security challenges, including resource constraints, scalability issues, interoperability gaps, and risks to data privacy. Addressing these challenges is vital to ensure the reliabil...