Decentralization - Science topic

Remi Chukwudi Okeke

Dear Professor,

Thank you for your appreciation.

From 2014 to 2017, I was working in modern India's oldest and largest vocational training institution. This institution had its corporate office in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. I was working in the franchisee operations department. I had to go and set up a training centre in the neighboring province of Jharkhand, India. There, this model of Decentralized Autonomous Organization had to be followed. In a country like India, when we travel about 50 kms, everything changes. That includes history, culture, language, food, dress, social norms etc. The same is visible in case of West Bengal and Jharkhand. So, when I was setting up the training center in Jharkhand, I was told by the concerned director of the institute to keep these differences in mind and so go ahead with a DAO model. The concerned director of the institute had in his mind the differences in psychologies of West Bengal and Jharkhand.

Best regards,

Anamitra.

Thanks for sharing Felix. I will go through it.

What does it mean i am interested in research

Some of the catchy areas where researchers/industries try to adopt blockchain are as follows:

Transfer of Land Records (Property Record Management)

Digital Certificates Management (Education, Death, Birth, agreements, sale, deeds …)

Pharmaceutical supply chain•e-Notary Service (Blockchain-enabled e-Sign Solution)

Farm Insurance

Identity management

Power distribution

Duty payments

Agriculture and other supply chains

e-voting

Electronic Health Record Management

Digital Evidence Management System•Public Service Delivery

IoT Device Management and Security

Vehicle lifecycle management

Chit fund operations administration

Microfinance for Self-Help Groups (SHG)

Metaverse

Moreover, we have contributed many novel use cases on the blockchain. Please refer to our work

SUDEEP TANWAR'S RESEARCH GROUP (ST Lab)

Decentralized Distributed generation is in the long run sustainable source of energy for the economic development of a nation, provided after locally meeting the demand well established connectivity is there between systems along with storage to manage perfect balance of demand and supply of electricity.

you might check some of these :

A general methodological approach can be proposed. Here is the study map

The assumption must be logically consistent.

The assumption should not contradict the fundamental provisions of the science in which the hypothesis is put forward (the provision of this requirement is not absolute, since in some cases it is useful to question these provisions themselves; if the fundamental provisions of science, which the proposed assumption contradicts, cannot be refuted, an assumption is made).

The assumption must be fundamentally verifiable. If an assumption cannot be verified in principle (substantiated or refuted), it is not recognized as a hypothesis.

The assumption should not contradict previously established facts, for the explanation of which it is not intended (not related to the subject area of ​​the proposed hypothesis).

The assumption must be applicable to the widest possible range of phenomena. This requirement allows one to choose the simplest from several hypotheses explaining the same range of phenomena - therefore it is often called the principle of simplicity.

The assumption must be effective in cognitive or practical terms (in particular, allowing the development or concretization of a program for further research).

Rafael Dean Brown By September 2016, The DAO's value token, known as DAO, had been delisted from major cryptocurrency exchanges (such as Poloniex and Kraken) and had effectively gone inactive.

You can investigate whether the volume of DeFi activities is positively associated with economic growth in the last 4 years. Select a country that has publicly available DeFi data

Len Leonid Mizrah that's a wonderful response and I second you. Atiff Abdalla Mahmoud the issue of academic dishonesty in decentralised learning is an emerging and growing trend. The consequences associated with this trend are also relatively new. This sparks a revision of preventive measures which are currently being used to match the trend. without new inventive and resilient techniques, the issues will only grow to unacceptable proportions of which if this happens the value of education will completely be eroded. My take is that the current measures are not anywhere near enough.

جزيل الشكر

Thank you Peter Jardine

Interesting topic. Best wishes for you.

Dharmendra Kumar

A decentralized market contains digital technology, which allows buyers and sellers of securities to deal directly with each other instead of meeting in a traditional exchange. A common example of a decentralized market is real estate, where buyers deal directly with sellers.

Ethereum is free, easy to use, and is well documented. To date, ''Solidity" is the most popular programming language to write smart contracts in Ethereum.

You can find various smart contract examples online. I've written some too (here you can find mine: https://github.com/AydinAbadi)

The extreme ups and downs of the value of this currency and the non-backup by governments make the dealings with this currency very dangerous. In addition, money laundering and terrorism, among others, find safe heaven for such currency dealings.

Thankyou Chaowanan Jamroen and Mohsen Akbari . Sounds interesting!

Regards.

Dear Dr. Ashish Seth it's the contradictory process of its ideology.

They said it is decentralized but they want to control it.

The moral of the story is there is a need to set the universal rule for cryptocurrency transactions and then realise the system globally.

You may find some interesting issues pointed out in the work of Lakwo, Alfred (2009): Making decentralization work for women in Uganda published by the African Studies Center of the University of Leiden (African Studies Collection Vol. 16).

Have you tried Shodan?

https://www.shodan.io

Good question. People now are interested in this.

Espicially in cryptos.

Unification provides an open API for randomness

Verifiable Open Randomness (VOR) offers on-chain provable randomness on Ethereum.

Replace, not in the foreseeable future. Co-evolve, for sure.

In our recent piece, we discuss the persisting reliance of DeFi on the traditional monetary market (see section 6) but also possibility of convergence of the two spaces.

Decentralisation allows the development of a framework of greater public participation in local policies, empowers local political entities and allows us to draw good ones in proximity from the bottom up. The most decentralized states administratively and financially tend to be more developed.

I think blockchain technology diffusion and its impact on the financial

Rural areas of the US have what yo might call "light government" rather than the full extent of government. Most are governed by county governments that do not have the resources - and in most cases don't want them - to offer the full panoply of services that you find in urban areas. sometimes these areas are suburbs; more likely they are farming areas, national or state forests or land, etc. The concept of federalism that governs the relationships between the federal government and the states does not apply within states. Within states, the state government is supreme (google Dillon's rule - see Wikipedia article), and if the state wants to house its prisoners in county jails, it can do so (California about 10 years ago). If a state wishes to apply regulations to the counties, it can do so (see the sustained groundwater management act in California about 5 years ago). And many of the people in rural areas want to have light government as well. it's a system that reflects the preferences of the people in the rural areas. For many, perhaps most, it works well, but there are always those who want to have more government services in areas where they are not provided. The trick is to find a place with the right level of government that you can afford to live in. I hope this helps the questioner.

I think it is directly related, in countries without democracy, the measures are implemented centrally without measuring the consequences, in democracy it is more difficult to implement a strict quarantine. In Argentina there is quarantine, but people are tired and do not respect much.

https://www.ibm.com/blogs/blockchain/2019/06/using-blockchain-as-a-project-management-device/

Planning developed and targeted through the Centralised level is much more efficient and powerfull. It reduces lots of manpower, funding, prevents massive corruptions, time and leads to uniform implention.

http://www.fao.org/docs/up/easypol/342/decen_dev_in_agri_012en.pdf

Administrative decentralization can be easily carried out politically, but giving autonomous functioning is not allowed. This is the case in many undeveloped countries like Nigeria. In the case of Nigeria, tribalism/ethnicity, politics, religion, socio-cultural fear, prejudice, stereotype, discrimination and even hatred are often the determinants of administrative decentralization. Basically, administrative decentralization in Nigeria is very fragile, as it can be altered easily to achieve political and ethic favour. The foregoing makes territorial development very challenging.

Trust

Please, you red:

A heutagogical approach.

The question is relevant. However I would also add the Topology of the network:

-star shaped

every node connects to a common center O

With N nodes (counting O), that's N-1 links

-meshed

all nodes connect to each other

with N nodes, that's N. (N-1)/2 links

- daisy chained

let us index the nodes i=1... N

Node i connects to i +1, ..., N to 1.

-tree

etc...

I have the same question. Is the standard Hausman test applicable for true fixed effects and true random effects stochastic frontier models?

Dear Anoop Kumar Srivastava Sir,

Actually there is no problem in Federal Setup in Nepal but the coordination between the central, provincial and local government is not practiced as intended during the federal formation. The rural-urban partnership is being one of the crucial topics for the implementation of federalism in Nepal.

Regards

Ishwor Thapa

Dear Prasad Vsrk

I think you are speaking about this?

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272696312000289

The concept is quite interesting, we have not being looking exactly that, even when I have a lot of background on ICT and logistics research work :-)

B.R.,

Ari

Mohamed-Mourad Lafifi

thanks for your document. It doesn't reply totally to my question but I spot some little informations that I maybe use :)

Decentralized implies that there is no single point where the choice is made. Each hub settles on a choice for it's very own conduct and the subsequent framework conduct is the total reaction but, a "linear system"deal with all together at once

In Ukraine many people don't know about this new technology. We have another problem which consists in the fact that the old people are the poorest and the least technologically advanced. This knowledge schould be spread in the society through availabale sources. Some universities have a program to improve computer literacy but such program usually teaches bacis functions only and doesn't provide an access to new technologies

"Initial results illustrated that while both approaches are capable of maintaining the pre-development peak flow rate, the distributed approach better mimicked the natural hydrologic condition in terms of groundwater recharge and total runoff volume reduction. With the additional hydrological benefits from the distributed approach, it is expected that the downstream channel morphology, bio-diversity, and water quality can be better preserved. "

I am not sure if the energy companies will allow decentralised control of their sector. this would afford too much power transfer from the incumbent to the prosumer. They may incorporate decentralised infrastructures for energy management, but they will inevitably be afforded by permissioned systems, ultimately under the incumbents' control, or inclusive of some exclusive consensus mechanism such as Proof of Authority. There is too much value staked by those that allocate resources to the physical infrastructure for them to cede control in a sector that is deeply entrenched in legacy organisation methodology.

Hi Ajay,

Just look on HDFS , which is already a proven Storage Solution.

Good morning,

Maybe you could study the Spanish case. We have an organic law of financing of the autonomous communities in which it is defined that taxes cede the state to the autonomous communities so that they are collected and managed by them, and of those that the power controls the state, that percentage of the collected in each community is the latter.

The law is called "

Ley 22/2009, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se regula el sistema de financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas de régimen común y Ciudades con Estatuto de Autonomía y se modifican determinadas normas tributarias"

Here you can get an article: https://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/handle/10902/12695

Short answer: Yes, you can have negative profits.

Long answer: It really depends on what you are trying to prove. Negative profits may point out that a market structure with three players is unfeasible, and therefore, someone should quit the market. Basically, that results what is telling you is that at least one of those players (companies) prefers not to play the game (zero profits).

My suggestion: I will try to compare your results with the duopoly and monopoly cases, to observe to what extent the third company is driving profits down to the negative region.

I hope that helps you. Good luck!

Dear sir

I have many papers about dispersed power generation included microturbine, fuel cell, photocell,.... you can see it in my page in researchgate.

I am looking for a measure of decentralization of a department that has been previously published

centralization can be measured through authority concentration e.g an organisation with hierarchical structure has centralization of authority, whereas in flatter organisation structure there is decentralization of authority. In HR practices if team approach is adopted authority gets distributed but in case of one man approach authority is centralized.

Regards

"Managerial Insights" is a fancy term for "So what?" (See, it has more syllables, so it's more impressive.)

Your analysis should be useful for something: helping managers make a specific decision, avoid an unprofitable option, recognise an opportunity, identify measures that indicate some future event, measure a KPI. One analysis doesn't have to have many "managerial insights": just one good one is enough.

If you have to lie to yourself by saying "I suppose this might give managers a better understanding of blah blah blah", then go back and think about your data and your analysis again.

Are you sure?

If it isn't possible to delete any information from a chain it gives possibility for security services to find every member of the chain. Even if not possible to read the encrypted message it is possible to find a person who added one. After this the standard methods of receiving information works.

Dear Yimin,

What your recite from the review you got is by no means specific to QCA. Some researchers simply seem to think that, only because one has not measured all potentially relevant variables ("...environmental outcome depends on other kind [sic] of external factors that are not included in the analysis..."), the purpose of a method breaks down. I highly recommend the recent article "The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference From Observational Data" by Harvard epidemiologist Miguel Hernán "The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference from Observational Data", which you may want to use next time in your response to reviewers.

Kevin C. Johnson has also already asked a similar question on ResearchGate in this thread: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Want_to_help_with_QCA_Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ_List.

Best wishes,

Alrik

You can refer to materials on Industry 4.0

for instance, article by Meissner, Ilsen and Aurich on Analysis of Control architectures in context of Industry 4.0

I do believe that negotiation theories can coexist with the cooperative compliance model which is used in Australia, not sure of the compliance model used in america. But a major factor for most tax agents and their lawyers in the negotiation process, is the taxpayers appetite for defending their tax position. A risk averse client is more likely to accept the positioning of the tax authority limiting the scope of negotiation, on the other hand risk predilection will result in a client more open to challenging authorities, opening opportunities for stronger negotiation.

May be handy to research the psychology of tax compliance, as this will give clues as to the risk behaviours in taxpayers.

Thank you Levente, I will check the website.

Thank you very much Mr Singh,

My surname reads Masalesa and written as such. Its not an English name but Setswana in South Africa.

The document is so relevant I feel proud of the chatting platform. The decentralisation model of student support is a reality to bigger institution, hence I explore the topic. I will appreciate other views on decentralisation processes used by other countries for efficiency with implementation of student support model.

Well, this is definitely an interesting question worth reserach.

In contrary to Bitcoin, taking into consideration that e.g. Solarcoin has not been a success yet, we should carefully think about somekind of energy CryptoCurrency design that really would benefit the future decentralized and renewable power market, including flexibilities and storage. And be transparent to the communities, to avoid fraud and money-laundry.

Definitely,VHND important to involve community for promotion of health and prevention of diseases.Rather can say health care services at door steps.

Major constraint is social hierarchy in India. Firstly, community participation depends on how 'community' is defined. Secondly, who is studying the 'community'. and thirdly, how the 'community' is being studied. Techniques of participatory research go only some distance in overcoming these problems and answering these questions. Often, in India, there are formidable questions of theoretical nature to answer before defining community, making a venture into the community and using participatory action research methods. Often the success of these methods in working with the community is inversely proportionate to the politicisation of the community. The more political the community in certain single or more than one manner, the less successful community participation action research methods will be, irrespective of for what end they are used. Planning, local planning is no exception.

Many thanks for the answers!

So I learned: It depends on the situation. I had a mid-european scene in mind, like in Switzerland and Germany. There is a Grid, practically everywhere, but the grid is designed for large centralized powerplants.

I like how Robert Istvan Radics reformulated the question. I based on that, I'll be more specific: Is, in central Europe, an assumed 100% renewable-based grid power better than a decentralized PV-battery combo from the environmental perspective? The first one needs cables, transformers, maintenance, occupies the land,  and has a continuous loss in the grid, the second one needs batteries, has losses for storage and does optimize the PV output to meet the local demand and not to maximize electricity production (i.e. non-perfect inclination). 

Suggestions for review papers or LCA-Studies for either of the two cases greatly appreciated. Many thanks.

Enter your answer

the shift and choice of organisational structure from centralised to decentralised is part of a larger problem and one documented by Chandler in his famous thesis regarding the relationship between strategy and structure.

here are some references that may be helpful to you:

Chandler, A.D. Jr. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Hall, D.J. and Saias, M.A. (1980). Strategy Follows Structure! Strategic Management Journal, Vol 1 No 2 (April-June 1980) 149-163

Mintzberg, H. (1990). The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management Strategic Management Journal, Vol 11 No 3 (March-April 1990) 171-195

In my view, a close reading of Chandler shows how his work was based on deep empirical and historical study of organisational evolution such that it is full of insights still useful today

:

Decentralization of solid waste can be achieved by providing landfills in different areas, organize the collection efficiently and prevent informal waste deposition along road sides or wild land fills. Decentralization is an important challenge as, if successfully done, helps to prevent the generation of waste caused by waste collection....

Young, Gary C.

Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes (Economic, Technical, and Renewable Comparisons) || From Curbside to Landfill: Cash Flows as a Revenue Source for Waste Solids-to-Energy Management

Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

book

Year:2010

First page:49

Last page:123

M. Fehr

The Prospect of Municipal Waste Landfill Diversion Depends on Geographical Location

Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers)

Environment Systems and Decisions

Year:2002

Month:12

Day:

Volume:22

Issue:4

First page:319

Last page:324

Milosevic, I.; Naunovic, Z.

The application of a multi-parameter analysis in choosing the location of a new solid waste landfill in Serbia

Sage Publications

Waste Management & Research

Year:2013

Month:10

Day:01

Volume:31

Issue:10

First page:1019

Last page:1027

Mokhtarian, M.N.; Sadi-nezhad, S.; Makui, A.

A new flexible and reliable interval valued fuzzy VIKOR method based on uncertainty risk reduction in decision making process: An application for determining a suitable location for digging some pits for municipal wet waste landfill

Elsevier

Computers & Industrial Engineering

Year:2014

Month:12

Day:

Volume:78

Issue:

First page:213

Last page:233

Sunil Kumar, Mohammad Izhar Hassan

Selection of a Landfill Site for Solid Waste Management: An Application of AHP and Spatial Analyst Tool

Springer-Verlag

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing

Year:2013

Month:03

Day:

Volume:41

Issue:1

First page:45

Last page:56

Ahmad, S. Z.; Ahamad, M. S. S.; Yusoff, M. S.

Spatial effect of new municipal solid waste landfill siting using different guidelines

Sage Publications

Waste Management & Research

Year:2014

Month:01

Day:01

Volume:32

Issue:1

First page:24

Last page:33

Naser Hafezi Moghaddas; Hadi Hajizadeh Namaghi

Hazardous waste landfill site selection in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeastern Iran

Springer-Verlag

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

Year:2011

Month:02

Day:

Volume:4

Issue:1-2

First page:103

Last page:113

Himan Shahabi,Soroush Keihanfard,Baharin Bin Ahmad…

Evaluating Boolean, AHP and WLC methods for the selection of waste landfill sites using GIS and satellite images

Springer-Verlag

Environmental Earth Sciences

Year:2014

Month:05

Day:

Volume:71

Issue:9

First page:4221

Last page:4233

Arkoc, Orhan

Municipal solid waste landfill site selection using geographical information systems: a case study from Çorlu, Turkey

Springer-Verlag

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

Year:2014

Month:11

Day:

Volume:7

Issue:11

First page:4975

Last page:4985

Al-Khatib, Issam A.; Abu Hammad, Ahmad; Sharkas, Othman A.; Sato, Chikashi

Public concerns about and perceptions of solid waste dump sites and selection of sanitary landfill sites in the West Bank, Palestinian territory

Springer-Verlag

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Year:2015

Month:4

Day:

Volume:187

Issue:4

Jamshidi, Azadeh; Kazemijahandizi, Elmira; Allahgholi, Leili; Monavari, Seyed Masoud; Tajziehchi, Sanaz; Hashemi, Alireza; Moshtaghie, Minoo; Jamshidi, Mojgan

Landfill site selection, a basis towards achieving sustainable waste management

HARD Publishing Company

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Year:2015

Month:

Day:

Volume:24

allocation of local finances is a serious issue across the globe, and particularly so in developing regions. Pakistan is a classic example of this tug of war between the provincial governments and the local governments ( whenever they are allowed to exist). The provincial governments are not willing to let go their fiscal authority and allow the poor to benefit from the public money. under the present system of local government only one province the Khyber Puktun Khaw is implementing the local governance to serve the interest of the poor who exist in oblivion for the ruling elite ,in general.

I wrote this paper to explore the relationship between the sharing economy and urban property rights. I think parking space is an important "durable good" that could be shared by people living in downtowns. It will be interesting to analyze its effects on urban economy.

I have written an article based on primary research in two south India states, on the relationship between primary formal education and panchayats. The evidence is that most of the time primary education is subject to political intervention and bureaucracy too plays a role. Educational bureaucracy too has its interests. In this context I can recommend the PhD thesis done by Manisha Priyam at IDS, Sussex, UK, comparing two states Andhra Pradesh and Bihar.  This is a good topic. Best wishes.

This is a very interesting case study. The library, part of the University of Sevilla, was designed back in 2006 by renowned Iraqi architect Zaha Hadid,but it has been contested by local residents for its violation of green zone regulations.  In 2009 Andalucia’s High Court ordered building to be stopped.

The biggest one I am aware of is this one with 600 appartments:

you need to read some German though ;-)

In terms of control it will only work if input from end users and other stakeholders is included. It is impossible to ignore them. Because of democratisation of internet through open source software and applications their influence is much greater. So, a strategy is possible, but only a strategy that includes more stakeholders and is not focused on controlling. Realistically what can be controlled and what is the long term effect/price of controll?  There must be other management and leadership ways that are more appropriate.

Hi Mohamed,

In HRM, these organic characteristics often come under employee empowerment studies. I suggest that you check out some articles by Spreitzer (1995, 1997), Thomas and Velthouse (1990), etc. on employee empowerment and its effect on work performance.  Most of these articles also include scales/measures which can be adapted for your purpose.

All the best.

Dr Aida Idris, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

@ Jeremy : Please check you email.

There is an autonomic police (Ertzaintza) and an own fiscal system (Concierto Económico) in the Basque Country (Spain). Vid. http://www.ehu.eus/ituna/index_en.html.

AGIRREAKZUENAGA, Joseba, ALONSO OLEA, Eduardo J. et al. "Representative Assemblies and Taxes, The Making of the 'Taxation Agreement' (Cancierta Económico) of the Basque Country (1839-1937)." En Assemblee rappresentative, autonomie territoriali, culture politiche. Representative Assemblies, Territorial Autonomies, Political Cultures. Studies Presented to the International Commission for the History of Representative and Parliamentary Institutions, editado por Soddu, Annamari Nieddu e Francesco, 503-10. Sasari: Editrice Democratica Sarda, 2011.

GRAY, Caroline. "A Fiscal Path to Sovereignty? The Basque Economic Agreement and Nationalist Politics." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 21, nº. 1 (2015): 63-82.

http://www.ehu.eus/ituna/index_en.html.

i could direct you to the Ghanaian case. kindly follow the link below.

Yeboah-Assiamah, Emmanuel. "Power to the People! How far has the Power Gone to the People? A Qualitative Assessment of Decentralization Practice in Ghana." Journal of Asian and African Studies (2014): 0021909614555349.

Outsourcing is not a form of decentralization. They are not related nor influence each other. Decentralization is a concept of allocating portion of decision making power to sub-ordinate, for example, a big organization gives a full authority, including the responsibilities,  to a representative office for arranging their organization structure, financial structure, and so on. The by-product of Decentralization is usually an autonomy. It is common in central/local government relationship.

Outsourcing, on the other hand, is a concept of offering some part of business process in an organization to the third party. For example, a bank offer the cleaning service function to other company that has specialization on that task.

The lack of expertise, process streamlining, and improving efficiency are some justifications for an organization to proceed an outsourcing.

An important contradiction is also between desires and budget, and then how the necessities are ranked.

Dear Martha:

This is probably late given the date of your posted question but I just received an  alert with the question. Better late than never I suppose.

If you are still working on the topic, you may want to examine some of the work that has been done in centralization/decentralization in the area of fiscal federalism.  While you are looking for political decentralization, it remains that political decentralization can be multi-dimensional and would incorporate some aspects of revenue and expenditure decentralization-which is the measure often used in the fiscal-federalism literature. See some of the following literature:

Di Matteo, L. (1995) “Fiscal Centralization at the Provincial-Local Level in Canada,” Canadian Tax Journal, 43, 3, 639-659.

Giertz, J. Fred (1976)  "Decentralization at the State and Local Level: An Empirical Analyris" National Tax Journal (201-210).

Giertz, J. Fred (1983) "State-Local Centralization and Income: A Theoretical Framework and Further Empirical Results" Public Finance, 3, 398-408.

Letelier, L.S. (2005) “Explaining Fiscal Decentralization,” Public Finance Review, 33,2,155-183.

Oates, Wallace (1985) "Searching for Leviathan: An Empirical Study" American Economic Review, 75, 748-757.

Patsouratis, Vassilis A.  (1990) "Fiscal Decentralization in the EEC Countries" Public Finance, 3, 423-439.

Poitevin, M. (2000) "Can the theory of incentives explain decentralization?" Innis Lecture, Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 33, No. 4, 878-906.

Stegareascu, D. (2009) “The Effect of Economic and Political Integration in fiscal decentralization: evidence from OECD countries,” Canadian Journal of Economics, 42,2,694-798.

Hope that is of some assistance. Livio Di Matteo.