Decentralization - Science topic

According to DWEA and the US Department of Energy, distributed wind energy systems are a form of decentralized power generation in which wind turbines are installed close to where the energy is consumed, either on or behind the customer's meter or directly connected to a local distribution network. This approach contrasts with large, centralized wind farms that feed power into high-voltage transmission lines for distant end users.

The growing interest in renewable, resilient, and locally managed energy drives innovation in distributed wind technology. Advances in turbine design, digital monitoring, and integration with storage and smart grid technologies continue to improve performance and cost-effectiveness. Policies and incentives aimed at reducing carbon emissions further support the deployment of distributed wind as part of a diverse and sustainable energy portfolio.

Distributed wind energy systems offer a decentralized approach to harnessing wind power, generating energy close to where it is needed, and reducing transmission losses. They provide a pathway to enhanced energy resilience, community involvement in energy production, and a more flexible, sustainable energy landscape. While challenges such as intermittency, site-specific variability, and interconnection concerns remain, ongoing technological and policy developments pave the way for wider adoption and integration of this promising renewable energy source.

There's much more to explore, such as how hybrid systems combining distributed wind with solar PV or battery storage further enhance grid reliability, or how local energy policies are evolving to support these technologies in various communities.

Mesfin Mulugeta Woldegiorgis Yes, it is increasingly evident that American global dominance is waning. While the issue cannot be placed solely on any one administration, much of the decline stems from deeply rooted structural problems. In particular, the longstanding inability of Congress to function cohesively and address critical policy areas over the past few decades have significantly weakened the United States’ ability to respond effectively to global shifts.

We are already witnessing the early stages of a new world order. For instance, movements across Africa reflect growing resistance to foreign influence and a strong desire for self-determination. At the same time, emerging alliances such as BRICS are gaining momentum. These alliances offer alternative models of economic and geopolitical cooperation and are beginning to challenge the traditional Western-dominated framework.

Technology is undoubtedly shaping the future. Innovation has always played a central role in global power, but the current difference lies in the speed and nature of advancement. These developments are now driven by breakthroughs in microchips, software, and artificial intelligence. Historically, the nations that have led in technological development have also held global influence. Today, countries across Asia are making rapid strides, achieving significant progress in AI, semiconductors, and digital infrastructure. This progress is positioning them as serious competitors on the global stage.

When considering the balance between technocracy and democracy, there is a growing argument that algorithm-driven decision-making can enhance governance. This is particularly true in areas where efficiency, scale, and data accuracy are essential. Given the long history of biased, short-sighted, and politically motivated human decisions—especially during the last century—it is understandable that many see technocratic systems as a potential improvement. In sectors such as finance and logistics, algorithms already outperform human judgment.

This period is defined by the erosion of longstanding power structures, the rapid expansion of knowledge, and a growing shift toward technocratic forms of governance. Successfully navigating this new landscape will require adaptable leadership, innovative thinking, and a truly global perspective.

Per,

As I am sure you know the word "efficiency" has become a much politicized buzz word because it is often used by economists and political actors to undermine concepts of "equity" (democratic oversight, cultural values, and fairness) that are in fact what "efficiency" (long-term cultural and system survival/sustainability through protection of resources and fulfilment of aspirations in a way that prevents corruption, abuse, short-sightedness, lack of professional analysis, and other kinds of waste) is supposed to incorporate. Even if you are just starting with "decentralization", you still need to make sure that all of these systems are correctly established and in place, before even thinking that financial transfers will actually have appropriate results. If you are looking for the right "formula", you actually need to start with the right measures and balances for sustainability and for expression of legal rights at various levels (individual and community rights) to assure transparency, long-term valuation, monitoring and incorporation of professional judgments.

I suggest you reframe your question starting with the specific context in which you are allocating resources to note the different groups and the kinds of outcomes you are hoping for. There may be failures in how the federal system is set up for protecting cultural and community survival and for balancing different groups at different levels, how the legal system is working, how resources are measured, how political decisionmaking is occurring, how bureaucrats are tasked, and so on, that your question and search for a formula is hiding.

If you want to take a look at some indicators for specific concerns in the area of "development", I have published some 20 of them that I have posted on my ResearchGate page including one on "decentralization" and what it needs to do to be effective, which it sounds like it is where you might want to start.

Best,

David Lempert, Ph.D., J.D., M.B.A., E.D. (Hon.)

Phil Geis Hahah toxic avenger! Haven't watched that film yet. I wish i could eliminate those jargons, but I am writing a degree standard paper and it's in my school's criteria to apply certain frameworks etc... but definitely will be elaborating on them and simplifying certain terms! thanks phil.

Il y a plus de theorie de cette sujet, mais monétaire indépendance est le plus importante. Á Senegal concrètement c'est le sujet pas utilisable, parce que le gouvernement contrôle les impôts de pays total avec partial distribution pour le gouvernement local (Fonds de Dotation de la Décentralisation). Après c'est autonomie administrative et politique. Administrativement Senegal est contrôle par la gouvernement central avec les ministères en tete de administrative contrôle. Politiquement la change a arrivé avec Code General d'Autorité Local en 2013. Aussi loi n. 96-06 et 97-07 cree nouveau possibilités pour la gouvernement local, avec la structure pour la pouvoir de locales et leur implémentation.

Dear Dr T IO,

Most importantly HRT in Dewats process is important..It is needed to be maintained at 6-8-10 days.

The 1st phase of process deals with physical impurities of coarse fine ans super fine factors.

Next we assess and chemically make the effluent as far as possible as neutral. If its acidic or Alkaline its dealt with.

Then a bit of aeration is done and effluent is bio rectified.

All effluent is needed to be addressed biologically. Aeration is done for increasing dissolved O2 level...w wshs..

Prof Ajit Seshadri

Vels University

Chennai India

Conventional Nitrification / Denitrification Conventional nitrification and denitrification are commonly used biological methods of ammonia nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. Adding chlorine until the ammonia has been oxidized to nitrogen gas and also Ion Exchange - Passing ammonia-laden wastewater through a series of columns packed with natural or synthetic resins with a particular charge (zeolite/clinoptilolite).

The root cause of human conflicts and wars primarily lies in political factors and the actions of politicians.

Dear Colleague, António José Rodrigues Rebelo, while your analysis emphasizes psychological factors like envy and jealousy, it’s essential to recognize that human conflicts are multifaceted. Here’s a counterpoint:

In summary, while psychological factors play a role, politics and the decisions made by politicians significantly shape the course of human conflicts and wars. Understanding this interplay allows us to address conflicts more effectively.

The mathematics are applied, thus applicable to race relations.

Smart contracts, powered by blockchain technology, can indeed be applied in various aspects of project management to enhance efficiency, transparency, and security. Here are some areas within project management where smart contracts can be effectively utilized:

The key advantages of using smart contracts in project management include:

However, it's essential to consider the specific requirements and complexities of each project when implementing smart contracts. Additionally, understanding the blockchain platform, consensus mechanism, and legal implications are critical factors for successful adoption. Smart contracts are a valuable tool in modern project management, especially in environments that benefit from automation, transparency, and decentralized trust.

Hi! You can get those files from Scihub.

Dear António Brandão . See the following useful link: https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/sustainability/sustainability-13-13268/article_deploy/sustainability-13-13268-v2.pdf?version=1638322451

This management is largely determined by the law in force - the law of the state of war. In the conducted research, I would start with an analysis of the legal status, then I would examine a specific local community (case study), material resources at the disposal of the community, and finally formulate general conclusions in accordance with the SWOT analysis.

Regards

prof. Krzysztof Chochowski

Hello Nanang Qosim

Journal of Economics is a hybrid journal. That means you can submit/publish with the subscription option. That means no payment yourself but the person who wants to read it will have to pay a fee otherwise they won't be able to read it.

Alternatively, if you pay a fee yourself (called open access fee), potential readers will not have to pay to read your article. For this journal, this will be 2290 Euros or 2890 US dollars.

Dear Fatima Aziz,

the idea for "Recursive Hierarchical SDN Architecture" might help you.

See:

Figure 13 – Peers as symmetric requestors and providers

Figure 9548: Recursive hierarchical SDN architecture: a) general idea, b) implementation of handover in SD-IoV

Best regards and much success

Anatol Badach

We recently published an article discussing all of these concerns, and the article will be posted online shortly. I hope to share it with you once it is published.

However, once data is stored on IPFS, it becomes public by default because IPFS supports public storage of data. To prevent this, data must be encrypted before it is stored on IPFS so that neighboring nodes on the IPFS network cannot violate the privacy of the data.

Dear Masoomeh Torabzadeh,

The current fourth technological revolution has enabled the development of digitisation of both commercially operating business entities and public institutions, central and local government offices. One of the consequences of the digitisation of offices has been the development of e-government. The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic accelerated the development of e-government due to the need to develop remote services for citizens. However, the digitisation of public offices and institutions tends to be slower and less efficient compared to analogous processes taking place in commercially operating companies and enterprises. The development of digitisation of economic processes taking place in commercially operating business entities is mainly determined by economic calculation and the adaptation of the activities of companies and enterprises to new trends and customer preferences. On the other hand, the development of digitisation and e-government of public institutions may be determined mainly by other factors, such as the transition to remote handling of official matters of citizens, increasing the scale of remote monitoring of society, tightening the fiscal system, etc. As part of the development of e-government, public offices and institutions purchase specially developed IT systems tailored to the needs of specific public institutions from IT companies. They can be multi-modular with any number of modules and functions carried out according to the needs of a specific institution. They can be integrated IT systems integrating different spheres of activity of a specific organisation, facilitating the flow of information between departments and divisions of a specific institution. They can also enable the transfer of information between a public institution and other entities. The level of integration and multifunctionality may vary, which is correlated with the specifics of the operation of specific institutions and other cooperating entities. When clusters are developed in a specific area of a municipality that increase the level of cooperation between different entities, including public institutions and commercially operating businesses, then decentralised e-government development is possible. The development of e-government can also be helpful when there is a need to stimulate entrepreneurship and innovation in the area of a specific municipality, where local government units play an important role and cooperate with local businesses in this respect. However, the development of e-government does not only generate positive aspects. A negative aspect is the potential development of cybercrime. It is therefore necessary to continuously monitor the security of data transfer in Internet-connected information systems and to improve processes for managing the risk of cybercrime and data loss in information systems. This is an important issue, as successful attacks and intrusions by cyber criminals using malware, ransomware viruses, etc. have occurred on more than one occasion. The continued development of e-government will be determined, among other things, by the ability to implement new Industry 4.0 technologies into the IT systems of public offices.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Remi Chukwudi Okeke

Dear Professor,

Thank you for your appreciation.

From 2014 to 2017, I was working in modern India's oldest and largest vocational training institution. This institution had its corporate office in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. I was working in the franchisee operations department. I had to go and set up a training centre in the neighboring province of Jharkhand, India. There, this model of Decentralized Autonomous Organization had to be followed. In a country like India, when we travel about 50 kms, everything changes. That includes history, culture, language, food, dress, social norms etc. The same is visible in case of West Bengal and Jharkhand. So, when I was setting up the training center in Jharkhand, I was told by the concerned director of the institute to keep these differences in mind and so go ahead with a DAO model. The concerned director of the institute had in his mind the differences in psychologies of West Bengal and Jharkhand.

Best regards,

Anamitra.

Thanks for sharing Felix. I will go through it.

What does it mean i am interested in research

Some of the catchy areas where researchers/industries try to adopt blockchain are as follows:

Transfer of Land Records (Property Record Management)

Digital Certificates Management (Education, Death, Birth, agreements, sale, deeds …)

Pharmaceutical supply chain•e-Notary Service (Blockchain-enabled e-Sign Solution)

Farm Insurance

Identity management

Power distribution

Duty payments

Agriculture and other supply chains

e-voting

Electronic Health Record Management

Digital Evidence Management System•Public Service Delivery

IoT Device Management and Security

Vehicle lifecycle management

Chit fund operations administration

Microfinance for Self-Help Groups (SHG)

Metaverse

Moreover, we have contributed many novel use cases on the blockchain. Please refer to our work

SUDEEP TANWAR'S RESEARCH GROUP (ST Lab)

Decentralized Distributed generation is in the long run sustainable source of energy for the economic development of a nation, provided after locally meeting the demand well established connectivity is there between systems along with storage to manage perfect balance of demand and supply of electricity.

A general methodological approach can be proposed. Here is the study map

The assumption must be logically consistent.

The assumption should not contradict the fundamental provisions of the science in which the hypothesis is put forward (the provision of this requirement is not absolute, since in some cases it is useful to question these provisions themselves; if the fundamental provisions of science, which the proposed assumption contradicts, cannot be refuted, an assumption is made).

The assumption must be fundamentally verifiable. If an assumption cannot be verified in principle (substantiated or refuted), it is not recognized as a hypothesis.

The assumption should not contradict previously established facts, for the explanation of which it is not intended (not related to the subject area of ​​the proposed hypothesis).

The assumption must be applicable to the widest possible range of phenomena. This requirement allows one to choose the simplest from several hypotheses explaining the same range of phenomena - therefore it is often called the principle of simplicity.

The assumption must be effective in cognitive or practical terms (in particular, allowing the development or concretization of a program for further research).

Rafael Dean Brown By September 2016, The DAO's value token, known as DAO, had been delisted from major cryptocurrency exchanges (such as Poloniex and Kraken) and had effectively gone inactive.

جزيل الشكر

Thank you Peter Jardine

Interesting topic. Best wishes for you.

I think it isn't necessary for the coordinated channel to have a lower retail price than the decentralized channel.

Ethereum is free, easy to use, and is well documented. To date, ''Solidity" is the most popular programming language to write smart contracts in Ethereum.

You can find various smart contract examples online. I've written some too (here you can find mine: https://github.com/AydinAbadi)

Decentralised servers are solutions

The extreme ups and downs of the value of this currency and the non-backup by governments make the dealings with this currency very dangerous. In addition, money laundering and terrorism, among others, find safe heaven for such currency dealings.

Thankyou Chaowanan Jamroen and Mohsen Akbari . Sounds interesting!

Regards.

Dear Dr. Ashish Seth it's the contradictory process of its ideology.

They said it is decentralized but they want to control it.

The moral of the story is there is a need to set the universal rule for cryptocurrency transactions and then realise the system globally.

You may find some interesting issues pointed out in the work of Lakwo, Alfred (2009): Making decentralization work for women in Uganda published by the African Studies Center of the University of Leiden (African Studies Collection Vol. 16).

Have you tried Shodan?

https://www.shodan.io

Good question. People now are interested in this.

Espicially in cryptos.

Unification provides an open API for randomness

Verifiable Open Randomness (VOR) offers on-chain provable randomness on Ethereum.

Replace, not in the foreseeable future. Co-evolve, for sure.

In our recent piece, we discuss the persisting reliance of DeFi on the traditional monetary market (see section 6) but also possibility of convergence of the two spaces.

Decentralisation allows the development of a framework of greater public participation in local policies, empowers local political entities and allows us to draw good ones in proximity from the bottom up. The most decentralized states administratively and financially tend to be more developed.

I think blockchain technology diffusion and its impact on the financial

Rural areas of the US have what yo might call "light government" rather than the full extent of government. Most are governed by county governments that do not have the resources - and in most cases don't want them - to offer the full panoply of services that you find in urban areas. sometimes these areas are suburbs; more likely they are farming areas, national or state forests or land, etc. The concept of federalism that governs the relationships between the federal government and the states does not apply within states. Within states, the state government is supreme (google Dillon's rule - see Wikipedia article), and if the state wants to house its prisoners in county jails, it can do so (California about 10 years ago). If a state wishes to apply regulations to the counties, it can do so (see the sustained groundwater management act in California about 5 years ago). And many of the people in rural areas want to have light government as well. it's a system that reflects the preferences of the people in the rural areas. For many, perhaps most, it works well, but there are always those who want to have more government services in areas where they are not provided. The trick is to find a place with the right level of government that you can afford to live in. I hope this helps the questioner.

I think it is directly related, in countries without democracy, the measures are implemented centrally without measuring the consequences, in democracy it is more difficult to implement a strict quarantine. In Argentina there is quarantine, but people are tired and do not respect much.

Planning developed and targeted through the Centralised level is much more efficient and powerfull. It reduces lots of manpower, funding, prevents massive corruptions, time and leads to uniform implention.

http://www.fao.org/docs/up/easypol/342/decen_dev_in_agri_012en.pdf

Administrative decentralization can be easily carried out politically, but giving autonomous functioning is not allowed. This is the case in many undeveloped countries like Nigeria. In the case of Nigeria, tribalism/ethnicity, politics, religion, socio-cultural fear, prejudice, stereotype, discrimination and even hatred are often the determinants of administrative decentralization. Basically, administrative decentralization in Nigeria is very fragile, as it can be altered easily to achieve political and ethic favour. The foregoing makes territorial development very challenging.

Trust

Please, you red:

A heutagogical approach.

The question is relevant. However I would also add the Topology of the network:

-star shaped

every node connects to a common center O

With N nodes (counting O), that's N-1 links

-meshed

all nodes connect to each other

with N nodes, that's N. (N-1)/2 links

- daisy chained

let us index the nodes i=1... N

Node i connects to i +1, ..., N to 1.

-tree

etc...

I have the same question. Is the standard Hausman test applicable for true fixed effects and true random effects stochastic frontier models?

Dear Anoop Kumar Srivastava Sir,

Actually there is no problem in Federal Setup in Nepal but the coordination between the central, provincial and local government is not practiced as intended during the federal formation. The rural-urban partnership is being one of the crucial topics for the implementation of federalism in Nepal.

Regards

Ishwor Thapa

Dear Prasad Vsrk

I think you are speaking about this?

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272696312000289

The concept is quite interesting, we have not being looking exactly that, even when I have a lot of background on ICT and logistics research work :-)

B.R.,

Ari

Mohamed-Mourad Lafifi

thanks for your document. It doesn't reply totally to my question but I spot some little informations that I maybe use :)

Decentralized implies that there is no single point where the choice is made. Each hub settles on a choice for it's very own conduct and the subsequent framework conduct is the total reaction but, a "linear system"deal with all together at once

In Ukraine many people don't know about this new technology. We have another problem which consists in the fact that the old people are the poorest and the least technologically advanced. This knowledge schould be spread in the society through availabale sources. Some universities have a program to improve computer literacy but such program usually teaches bacis functions only and doesn't provide an access to new technologies

"Initial results illustrated that while both approaches are capable of maintaining the pre-development peak flow rate, the distributed approach better mimicked the natural hydrologic condition in terms of groundwater recharge and total runoff volume reduction. With the additional hydrological benefits from the distributed approach, it is expected that the downstream channel morphology, bio-diversity, and water quality can be better preserved. "

I am not sure if the energy companies will allow decentralised control of their sector. this would afford too much power transfer from the incumbent to the prosumer. They may incorporate decentralised infrastructures for energy management, but they will inevitably be afforded by permissioned systems, ultimately under the incumbents' control, or inclusive of some exclusive consensus mechanism such as Proof of Authority. There is too much value staked by those that allocate resources to the physical infrastructure for them to cede control in a sector that is deeply entrenched in legacy organisation methodology.

Hi Ajay,

Just look on HDFS , which is already a proven Storage Solution.

Good morning,

Maybe you could study the Spanish case. We have an organic law of financing of the autonomous communities in which it is defined that taxes cede the state to the autonomous communities so that they are collected and managed by them, and of those that the power controls the state, that percentage of the collected in each community is the latter.

The law is called "

Ley 22/2009, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se regula el sistema de financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas de régimen común y Ciudades con Estatuto de Autonomía y se modifican determinadas normas tributarias"

Here you can get an article: https://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/handle/10902/12695

Short answer: Yes, you can have negative profits.

Long answer: It really depends on what you are trying to prove. Negative profits may point out that a market structure with three players is unfeasible, and therefore, someone should quit the market. Basically, that results what is telling you is that at least one of those players (companies) prefers not to play the game (zero profits).

My suggestion: I will try to compare your results with the duopoly and monopoly cases, to observe to what extent the third company is driving profits down to the negative region.

I hope that helps you. Good luck!

Dear sir

I have many papers about dispersed power generation included microturbine, fuel cell, photocell,.... you can see it in my page in researchgate.

I am looking for a measure of decentralization of a department that has been previously published

centralization can be measured through authority concentration e.g an organisation with hierarchical structure has centralization of authority, whereas in flatter organisation structure there is decentralization of authority. In HR practices if team approach is adopted authority gets distributed but in case of one man approach authority is centralized.

Regards

"Managerial Insights" is a fancy term for "So what?" (See, it has more syllables, so it's more impressive.)

Your analysis should be useful for something: helping managers make a specific decision, avoid an unprofitable option, recognise an opportunity, identify measures that indicate some future event, measure a KPI. One analysis doesn't have to have many "managerial insights": just one good one is enough.

If you have to lie to yourself by saying "I suppose this might give managers a better understanding of blah blah blah", then go back and think about your data and your analysis again.

Are you sure?

If it isn't possible to delete any information from a chain it gives possibility for security services to find every member of the chain. Even if not possible to read the encrypted message it is possible to find a person who added one. After this the standard methods of receiving information works.

Dear Yimin,

What your recite from the review you got is by no means specific to QCA. Some researchers simply seem to think that, only because one has not measured all potentially relevant variables ("...environmental outcome depends on other kind [sic] of external factors that are not included in the analysis..."), the purpose of a method breaks down. I highly recommend the recent article "The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference From Observational Data" by Harvard epidemiologist Miguel Hernán "The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference from Observational Data", which you may want to use next time in your response to reviewers.

Kevin C. Johnson has also already asked a similar question on ResearchGate in this thread: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Want_to_help_with_QCA_Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ_List.

Best wishes,

Alrik

You can refer to materials on Industry 4.0

for instance, article by Meissner, Ilsen and Aurich on Analysis of Control architectures in context of Industry 4.0

I do believe that negotiation theories can coexist with the cooperative compliance model which is used in Australia, not sure of the compliance model used in america. But a major factor for most tax agents and their lawyers in the negotiation process, is the taxpayers appetite for defending their tax position. A risk averse client is more likely to accept the positioning of the tax authority limiting the scope of negotiation, on the other hand risk predilection will result in a client more open to challenging authorities, opening opportunities for stronger negotiation.

May be handy to research the psychology of tax compliance, as this will give clues as to the risk behaviours in taxpayers.

Thank you Levente, I will check the website.

Thank you very much Mr Singh,

My surname reads Masalesa and written as such. Its not an English name but Setswana in South Africa.

The document is so relevant I feel proud of the chatting platform. The decentralisation model of student support is a reality to bigger institution, hence I explore the topic. I will appreciate other views on decentralisation processes used by other countries for efficiency with implementation of student support model.

Well, this is definitely an interesting question worth reserach.

In contrary to Bitcoin, taking into consideration that e.g. Solarcoin has not been a success yet, we should carefully think about somekind of energy CryptoCurrency design that really would benefit the future decentralized and renewable power market, including flexibilities and storage. And be transparent to the communities, to avoid fraud and money-laundry.

Definitely,VHND important to involve community for promotion of health and prevention of diseases.Rather can say health care services at door steps.

Major constraint is social hierarchy in India. Firstly, community participation depends on how 'community' is defined. Secondly, who is studying the 'community'. and thirdly, how the 'community' is being studied. Techniques of participatory research go only some distance in overcoming these problems and answering these questions. Often, in India, there are formidable questions of theoretical nature to answer before defining community, making a venture into the community and using participatory action research methods. Often the success of these methods in working with the community is inversely proportionate to the politicisation of the community. The more political the community in certain single or more than one manner, the less successful community participation action research methods will be, irrespective of for what end they are used. Planning, local planning is no exception.

Many thanks for the answers!

So I learned: It depends on the situation. I had a mid-european scene in mind, like in Switzerland and Germany. There is a Grid, practically everywhere, but the grid is designed for large centralized powerplants.

I like how Robert Istvan Radics reformulated the question. I based on that, I'll be more specific: Is, in central Europe, an assumed 100% renewable-based grid power better than a decentralized PV-battery combo from the environmental perspective? The first one needs cables, transformers, maintenance, occupies the land,  and has a continuous loss in the grid, the second one needs batteries, has losses for storage and does optimize the PV output to meet the local demand and not to maximize electricity production (i.e. non-perfect inclination). 

Suggestions for review papers or LCA-Studies for either of the two cases greatly appreciated. Many thanks.

Enter your answer

the shift and choice of organisational structure from centralised to decentralised is part of a larger problem and one documented by Chandler in his famous thesis regarding the relationship between strategy and structure.

here are some references that may be helpful to you:

Chandler, A.D. Jr. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Hall, D.J. and Saias, M.A. (1980). Strategy Follows Structure! Strategic Management Journal, Vol 1 No 2 (April-June 1980) 149-163

Mintzberg, H. (1990). The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management Strategic Management Journal, Vol 11 No 3 (March-April 1990) 171-195

In my view, a close reading of Chandler shows how his work was based on deep empirical and historical study of organisational evolution such that it is full of insights still useful today

: