Deceleration - Science topic

INTRODUCTION – 9.6 million people play rugby in 124 countries and 40 teams will compete in the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Rugby Sevens (7s) has gained in popularity since its introduction to the 2016 Olympics and the 2018 Youth Olympics saw 11 countries from 6 regional associations compete at 7s. Rugby 7s school youth participation has grown by 1...

This study examined the relationship between training load and changes in body composition and bone characteristics across a competitive season. Twenty senior male professional football players participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomo...

To quantify and compare the external peak demands (PD) encountered according to game result (win vs. loss), quarter result (win vs. tie vs. loss), and quarter point difference (± difference in score) in under-18 years (U18), male basketball players. Thirteen basketball players had external load variables monitored across 9 games using local positio...

Background: There is a growing consensus that chronological age (CA) is not an accurate indicator of the aging process and that biological age (BA) instead is a better measure of an individual's risk of age-related outcomes and a more accurate predictor of mortality than actual CA. In this context, BA measures the "true" age, which is an integrated...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of mummification in an indoor setting, with an emphasis on the forensic perspective. A dataset of 102 forensic autopsy cases was assessed for distribution of desiccation of skin and soft tissue (i.e., sub-cutaneous fat and musculature) and for moist decompositional (i.e., putrefactive) change...

We investigate the cosmological evolution of the Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) model in a non-flat universe using the FRW-metric with open and closed geometries. As a result, we use the dark energy density parameter, the deceleration parameter, and the equation of state (EoS) parameter to study cosmic evolution. We show that with the evolut...

This paper presents experimental research into the propagation of a liquid fuel combustion front interacting with a fire barrier made of CO2 hydrate and ice. The combustible liquids studied here were kerosene, gasoline, Diesel fuel, oil, petroleum, and alcohol. The experiments with gas hydrate involved fire barriers based on powder and tablets. Hea...

Background: A global surplus of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines exists as a result of difficulties in aligning the demand and supply for vaccine manufacturing and delivery. World leaders have accelerated vaccine development, approval, production and distribution as a pragmatic approach to addressing the immediate public health challen...

A collisionless shock is a self-organized structure where fields and particle distributions are mutually adjusted to ensure a stable mass, momentum and energy transfer from the upstream to the downstream region. This adjustment may involve rippling, reformation or whatever else is needed to maintain the shock. The fields inside the shock front are...

We investigate the build-up of the halo profile out to large scale in a cosmological simulation, focusing on the roles played by the recently proposed depletion radii. We explicitly show that halo growth is accompanied by the depletion of the environment, with the inner depletion radius demarcating the two. This evolution process is also observed v...

We study a three-species cyclic model whose organisms are vulnerable to contamination with an infectious disease which propagates person-to-person. We consider that individuals of one species perform an evolutionary self-preservation strategy by reducing the mobility rate to minimise infection risk whenever an epidemic outbreak reaches the neighbou...

Variations occurring in coffee beans during roasting are ascribable to several chemical-physical phenomena: to quickly track the whole process and to ensure its reproducibility, a process analytical technology (PAT) approach is needed. In this study, a method combining in-line Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and chemometric mo...

Consequences of the consistent exact solution of Einstein-Cartan equation on the time dependence of Hubble parameter is discussed. The torsion leads to a space and time dependent expansion parameter which results into nontrivial windows of Hubble parameter between diverging behaviour. Only one window shows a period of decreasing followed by increas...

Regenerative braking system is an powerful system to minimize vehicle emission and fuel consumption. Regenerative braking system is that system in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy during the action of braking. It will be an important system in future vehicle like hybrid and electrical car. This study will be starting with...

Currently, the theoretical braking force control mode, characterized by actual deceleration as an unstable open-loop output, is the most widely used brake control mode in trains. To overcome the shortcomings of non-deceleration control modes, a deceleration control mode is proposed to realize the closed-loop control of train deceleration. First, a...

Battery overcharging can occur due to capacity and internal resistance variations among cells or battery management system failure that both accelerate battery degradation, which is more likely at low temperatures because of the large polarization effect. This study experimentally investigated the battery degradation characteristics during charging...

Parachutes and other inflatable aerodynamic decelerators usually use flexible fabrics due to their lightweight and high load-carrying capacity. The behavior of fabrics during complex deformations is mainly influenced by their shear properties. The shear properties of fabric can be explained by the shear stiffness or shear modulus. The design optimi...

Salt reduction in food has been employed to improve public health. The effects of salt coatings on sodium content, sensory properties, structural breakdown, microstructure, salt release properties, and shelf life of yellow alkaline noodles (YAN) were evaluated. 15 g/dL resistant starch HYLON™ VII (HC) or 5% (v/v) Semperfresh™ (SC) with 10, 20, and...

Purpose: Bioprosthetic Heart Valves (BHVs) are currently in widespread use with promising outcomes. Computational modeling provides a framework for quantitatively describing BHVs in the preclinical phase. To obtain reliable solutions in computational modeling, it is essential to consider accurate leaflet properties such as mechanical properties and...

This paper proposes a novel command smoother for sway suppression of industrial overhead crane. A transfer function is used as the smoother form with capability for zero-pole cancelation and pole placement feedforward control. The two significant parameters, chain length and rate limits (acceleration and deceleration limits), are used for the smoot...

Background Abnormal cardiotocogram (CTG) tracing may appear after induction of neuraxial labor analgesia. Non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicated by severely abnormal tracings, such as prolonged deceleration (PD) or bradycardia, can necessitate immediate operative delivery. Combined spinal epidural analgesia (CSEA) is known to result in more f...

In this study, a car-following model is put forth to explain the car-following behavior of HDVs (human-driven vehicles), AVs (autonomous vehicles) and CAVs (connected and automated vehicles) in mixed traffic. Based on the IDM (intelligent-driver model) and molecular dynamic theory, the model includes the velocity of surrounding vehicles along with...

A vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration is a parameter often used for determining vehicle motion dynamics. This parameter can also be used to evaluate driver behavior and passenger comfort analysis. The paper presents the results of longitudinal acceleration tests of city buses and coaches recorded during rapid acceleration and braking maneuvers. The...

Comfort in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is a decisive aspect and plays an essential role in their advanced driving systems. As the comfort is directly influenced by the amount of acceleration and deceleration, a smooth longitudinal driving strategy can significantly improve the passenger’s acceptance level. Although some safe longitudinal strategies s...

Hypersonic reentry has a severe flight environment during spacecraft return. To analyze the influence of pneumatic loads on the flexible structure under the extreme load condition during the deceleration process of inflatable reentry and descent system, fluid–and thermal–solid couplings have been studied. In addition, the stress and structural defo...

Bipedal locomotion requires body adaptation to maintain stability after encountering a transition to inclined walking. A major adaptation is the change in walking speed to maintain optimal energy consumption. When transitioning to uphill walking, people exert more energy to counteract gravitational forces pulling them backward, while when transitio...

Several sensorimotor control studies have provided evidence supporting that the central nervous system optimizes gravity effects to minimize muscle effort. Recently, this hypothesis has been supported by the consistent observation of direction-specific negative epochs in the phasic electromyographic signal of antigravity muscles during vertical arm...

Spiral jet mills used for fine and colloid grinding have an enormously high energy consumption resulting in a great potential for optimization. In order to increase their efficiency, it is essential to precisely understand the flow conditions within the grinding chamber and the influencing parameters. In this work, the experimental method of partic...

Since it is low in cost and low in toxicity and has good biodegradability, gas-liquid-foam three-phase flow has been widely used in industrial fire protection. Due to the different characteristics of gas, liquid, and foam, liquid precipitation is liable to occur under static conditions, resulting in unstable performance of the mixture. To improve f...

Since a few breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of the effects of swift heavy ions (SHIs) decelerating in the electronic stopping regime in the matter have been achieved in the last decade, it motivated us to review the state-of-the-art approaches in the modeling of SHI effects. The SHI track kinetics occurs via several well-separated st...

The present research aims at investigating the Bianchi type I cosmo-logical model in the presence of quark and strange quark matter which exist in the first second of the early universe in the framework of f (G) theory of grav-itation. The field equations are solved by assuming volumetric exponential and power law expansions. It is also assumed tha...

Despite the traditional use of average values for determining physical demands, the intermittent and fluctuating nature of team sports may lead to underestimation of the most demanding scenarios. All the most demanding scenario-related investigations to date only report one maximal scenario per game, the greatest. However, the latest research on th...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is now recognized as an insult triggering a dynamic process of degeneration and regeneration potentially evolving for years with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) as one major complication. Neurons are at the center of the clinical manifestations, both in the acute and chronic phases. Yet, in the acute phase, conve...

Pseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive electrodes. In the present study, a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide...

Car congestion is a pressing issue for everyone on the planet. Car congestion can be caused by accidents, traffic lights, rapid accelerations, deceleration, and hesitation of drivers, as well as a small low-carrying capacity road without bridges. Increasing road width and constructing roundabouts and bridges are solutions to car congestion, but the...

Urban air pollution is partly due to exhaust emissions from road transport. Vehicle emissions have been regulated for more than 30 years in many countries around the world. Each motor type is equipped with a specific emission control system. In gasoline vehicles, a three-way catalytic converter (TWC) is implemented to remove at the same time hydroc...

Purpose To evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalizations in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced EF (HFrEF or HFmrEF) according to diastolic function indices. Background Diastolic dysfunction in HF is both common and associated with poor prognosis. However, specific cut-off values of d...

The menstrual cycle can be seen as a potential determinant of performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of the menstrual cycle in women on sports performance, more specifically on the internal and external load of professional women basketball players. The sample consisted of 16 women players and 14 training sessions were recorded. A de...

Neurons in dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) encode a rich repertoire of task-relevant environmental features, while downstream regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) translate this information into task-adaptive behaviors. Yet, the contents of this information stream and their acute role in behavior remain largely unknown. Here, we used in vivo dual-...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease, which belongs to the trinucleotide repeat disease group with a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the ATXN2 gene resulting in an ataxin-2 protein with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ)-stretch. The disease is late manifesting leading to early death....

System, equipped with a high speed spinning MW, two Reaction wheels (RW), Magnetic Torque Rods (MTR). The attitude sensors include Sun sensor (SS), Horizon Scanner (HS) and Magnetometer (MAG). The ACS has five different attitude determination modes and 3 main control modes that can guarantee the satellite a certain level of safety in various situat...

In the present study, we discuss a cosmological model considering interaction between new agegraphic dark energy and dark matter with sign changeable interaction term within the framework of Brans–Dicke theory of gravity for a flat universe. We assume the well motivated logarithmic form of Brans–Dicke scalar field in terms of the scale factor to fi...

Canopy greening, which is associated with significant canopy structure changes, is the most notable signal of ecosystem changes in response to anthropogenic climate change. However, our knowledge of the changing pattern of canopy development and senescence, and its endogenous and climatic drivers is still limited. Here, we used the normalized diffe...

PSR B1706−44 is an energetic gamma-ray pulsar located inside supernova remnant (SNR) G343.1−2.3 and it powers a compact pulsar wind nebula (PWN) that shows torus and jet structure in X-rays. We present a radio study of the PWN using Australia Telescope Compact Array observations at 3, 6, 13, and 21 cm. We found an overall arc-like morphology at 3 a...

In the present article we analyze the matter-geometry coupled f (Q, T) theory of gravity. We offer the fully covariant formulation of the theory, with which we construct the correct energy balance equation and employ it to conduct a dynamical system analysis in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime. We consider three differ...

The challenge of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C requires all industries to implement new technologies and change practices immediately. The aviation industry contributes 2% of human-induced CO2 emissions and 12% of all transport emissions. Decarbonising the aviation industry, which relies heavily on high-density liquid fuels, has been diffi...

Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in dilated cardiomyopathy is a field of constant debate, and the currently proposed criteria have been widely questioned due to their low positive and negative predictive value. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature utilizing the PubMed and Cochrane library platforms, in order...

With the increasing number of the motor and non-motor vehicles, conflicts and safety risks between motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles are increasing. Among them, the collision between right-turning vehicles and non-motor vehicles going straight leads to traffic accidents accounting for up to 50% of the non-accident cases at intersections. The in...

Introduction: his study investigated the relationship between hip abductor strength (Abd), adductor strength (Add), straight accelerations and decelerations, and during changes of direction (COD 90°) performance in basketball players. Material and Methods: Fourteen basketball players participated (age = 23.6 ± 4.4 years, body mass = 86.3 ± 5.9 kg,...

Hydromagnetic flow and heat transport have sustainable importance in conventional system design along with high-performance thermal equipment and geothermal energy structures. The current computational study investigates the energy transport and entropy production due to the pressure-driven flow of non-Newtonian fluid filled inside the wedge-shaped...

This work presents the design of an SAE BAJA space frame based on static finite element analysis. The design of such an off-road vehicle is intended to achieve extreme performance objectives in terms of safety, durability, rigidity, and reliability. First, the frame structural members are selected according to BAJA rules, and it is also constrained...

In the present article we analyze the matter-geometry coupled $f(Q,T)$ theory of gravity. We offer the fully covariant formulation of the theory, with which we construct the correct energy balance equation and employ it to conduct a dynamical system analysis in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker spacetime. We consider three di...

Fetuses with pre-existing injury or compromise due to hypoxic and non-hypoxic insults during the antenatal period do not have the capacity to mount effective compensatory responses to intrapartum hypoxic stresses as a result of progressively worsening frequency, strength and duration of uterine contractions. Therefore, they will be missed by CTG gu...

Rural revitalization is the core decision for eradicating global poverty and achieving shared prosperity, and one of the most important works is to optimize and manage rural land space. A theoretical framework based on urbanization theory was built to reveal the rural residential land transition in the Tianjin metropolitan area, China from 1990 to...

The hybridization and dehybridization of DNA subject to tension is relevant to fundamental genetic processes and to the design of DNA-based mechanobiology assays. While strong tension accelerates DNA melting and decelerates DNA annealing, the effects of tension weaker than 5 pN are less clear. In this study, we developed a DNA bow assay, which uses...

Influential existing research has suggested that rather than being static, mortality declines decelerate at young ages and accelerate at old ages. Without accounting for this feature, the forecast mortality rates of the popular Lee–Carter (LC) model are less reliable in the long run. To provide more accurate mortality forecasting, we introduce a ti...

Temporal average shapes of crackling noise avalanches, U(t) (U is the detected parameter proportional to the interface velocity), have self-similar behavior, and it is expected that by appropriate normalization, they can be scaled together according to a universal scaling function. There are also universal scaling relations between the avalanche pa...

This work is based on Generalized Ghost Pilgrim Dark Energy (GGPDE) in General Relativity (GR) in the framework of Bianchi type V I 0 space-time. To obtain exact solutions of the field equations, we have used simple parametrization of average scale factor a (t) = exp {(αt + β) p } as proposed by Mishra and Dua (Astrophys. Space Sci. (2021) 366:6)....

Background: Several studies have evaluated the role of IGF-1 in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD). According to a recent study, an IGF-1 concentration of a −1.5 standard deviation score (SDS) appeared to be the best cut-off for distinguishing between children with GHD and normal children. This value should always be interpreted in co...

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in braking energy regeneration for hybrid electric vehicles. To improve performance and reduce fuel consumption, a better control strategy composed of braking regeneration and gear shifting is needed. This work presents a braking energy regeneration control strategy for a hybrid electric vehicl...

In anorexia nervosa, aberrant emotional reactions toward body stimuli have been discussed. We investigated heart rate as a physiological marker when viewing body stimuli and hypothesized altered HR reactions toward those highly significant and emotional stimuli in anorexia nervosa. In total, 37 anorexia nervosa patients and 43 control participants...