Dairy Management - Science topic

Faraed Salman THankyou for sharing both the links and I personally read the shared articles and publications and the second one is quite interesting which shows the environmental impact of the dairy industry which is yes connected to the question raised by me and this is in the circular economy and the part of the question, thank you for your time and the publications you had shared.

One of the most comprehensive databases of cross-border mergers and acquisitions is fDi intelligence, available at:

https://www.fdiintelligence.com/

Zephyr database provided by Bureau van Dijk also contains a wealth of information on mergers and acquisitions, although the access to the database is not free. More details are available at:

https://www.bvdinfo.com/en-gb/solutions-for-your-role/corporate-finance-and-ma-research

Finally, Marketline also provides an interesting database on the matter, and even though the subscription is required, there could be waivers for academic use, which are worth looking into. The link to their website is the following:

https://www.marketline.com/

I hope you will find this information useful.

For the control of COD of dairy industry waste water you can use the aerobic methods like trickling filters. it is also low cost method which follow aerobic degradation of organic matter.

Please take a look at this useful RG link.

Please have a look at the following link and PDF attachments.

I think you can benefit from this " COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a good-practice framework created by international professional association ISACA for information technology (IT) management and IT governance. "

regards

heck this link maybe help you

The association of blood and milk considered here in the Qur'an and Talmud was no more than a fortunate guess based on the fact that both blood and milk appear to be body excretions-it is not evidence of biological knowledge.

Ok So you need to use either a 5MHz or 7.5MHz linear rectal probe - any suitable scanner machine should work. We use an Aloka 500, but there are lots of options! Depending on your scanner type you may be able to capture digital images, i.e., record as you scan; or you may need to link up to a recording device. For cows if you can get all animals to day 1.5 or 2 post oestrus and then count all follicles greater than or equal to 5 mm. I would set a marker at 5mm on the scanner and then count those greater than or equal to that size as I rotate the ovary under the probe. It is best to do your counts live as you scan and then use your video records as a back up or to check if there is something you are unsure of afterwards. By counting live you will follow all ovaries to find all the structures on the ovaries - not really possible to do afterwards with a recording!

Monitoring BCS changes during prepartum is better than a time point evaluation! And help you understand what happened during a certain period of prepartum

Dear Hans,

Thank You very much for Your article. It is interesting for me.

Best regards

Milada Balková

Dear Rana, these articles maybe useful http://www.fao.org/3/a-aq291e.pdf

income and risk taking is  correlated. we can find interesting answers for the same. for risk factor , decision making behaviour could also be measured

As there is a risk in diary product (damaged in low temperarture, harmful without pasteurazation, etc), I think it is worthwhile contarct for managing price risk in dairy products, Let's say, you may have contarct of managing price together with your partners in business, as there is a risk in it.  Or, boith parties are responsible when in certain time, say within 2 weeks  the products are not sold 100 %, so the rest of the products will make changes in price and the changes of price can be responsible for both parties (producers and sellers).It is because the shelflife of diary product is limited, and it is a risk too

I looked at heritability estimates for the traits that you mentioned. All are very low, so these traits are primarily a function of herd management. Therefore, it is not possible to predict one herd's performance from another herd's data on these traits. Basically you need to use records from previous years in a herd to predict future performance. As managment improves, the risks will change. One could use national data and look at various levels of these traits among herds and create some probabilities based on the national data. For example, what is the mastitis culling rate for herds with an average SCC of 50,000 versus  herds with an average SCC of 350,000? Alternatively, you can create a spreadsheet model that includes various levels of all of these traits and the culling that occurs. Please note that high SCC is associated with lower fertility and lameness is associated with lower fertility.  So there is some confounding among these traits.

hellow GEETESH,

please check pdfs

The research center below has much experience with the subject in questão. Regards

INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DE PERNAMBUCO - IPA Departamento de Apoio Técnico Supervisão de Publicação e Documentação Av. Gen. San Martin, 1371 – Bongi – Caixa Postal 1022 50761-000 – Recife, PE Fones: (81) 3184-7255 / 3184-7305 – Fax: (81) 3184-7255 Home page: http://www.ipa.br E-mail: biblioteca@ipa.br

Commercially there are a number a similar systems that promise improved teat cleaning. Published research is limited on these system and a research study results may not reflect real world conditions. The systems tend to clean sides of teats well but often teat ends are less clean. Teats are often left wet so drying with a towel is still needed.

 The devices do tend to provide good stimulation and milk let down.

The devices seem to all be prone to frequent mechanical failure and user ergonomics may not be optimal. Also with some devices compatibility with sanitizers is limited.

As with all technologies proper management is needed to insure they deliver an overall benefit. These may be useful in some herds but are no silver bullet

as attached

You can also check here

As an engulfing manner of protozoa against bacteria in addition of bacteria counting you must pay attention to protozoa. although protozoa have lower number compared to bacteria, as weight they are mostly same as bacteria.

So it's possible observed decrease in cellulolytic bacteria population was due to increase in size and number of protozoa.

also check microbial protein  markers. please find and review Dr. Dehority's book on rumen microbiology. it would be very useful reference.

however as others said above don't forget ruminal pH functions. ch13 of attached book may be useful.

You mean that if standard dose rate is 100 gm , one should feed 125 gm?

This is a challenging question and I have not worked with buffaloes; however, I have a lot of experience with cattle. I think many of the factors that affect anestrus in cattle must be similar to the factors that affect buffaloes. First, we know that suckling by the calf can prolong anestrus. If calves are weaned and completely separated from the cows, do the cows cycle more quickly? This is the first factor that I would evaluate. In cattle, briefly weaning the calf (2 to 4 days) at 60 days postpartum will often stimulate the cow to ovulate and begin cycling. Postpartum nutrition, especially energy balance is also very important. Negative energy balance prolongs anestrus. Do anestrous buffaloe cows stay thin for several months? I suspect this could be an issue. Also I wonder if there is any seasonal trend? In some cattle breeds, there is a greater tendency to be anestrus during certain seasons. Can you give us some examples?

Dear sir,

Please find attached video links.

Leo sobre el tema y me temo que es complicada su puesta en marcha. Por dos razones la baja producción y el ordeño que debe ser tres veces al día en presencia de la cría. Pese a ello se puede ordeñar mediante maquinaria similar a otras leches. Los dos primeros meses tras el parto sería para la cría, lo que te da apenas tres meses, en el mejor de los casos 4. Salud

look is attach file

Try with Skirrow medium: TERZOLO HR, PAOLICCHI FA, MOREIRA AR, HOMSE A. Skirrow agar for simultaneous isolation of Brucella and Campylobacter species. Veterinary Record. 1991. 129: 531-532.

good luck!

The long term effect of commercial exploitation of dairy arimal in isolation from bull is changing their sexual behaviour and it is becoming difficult to detect heat as cows in heat are expressing the heat sign and sysmtoms with a low intensity and frequency during the heat stage. This is making heat detection for AI very difficult in term of efficiency and accuracy and conception rate is  reducing due to this and to some extent due to increase in milk yield stress. If we can keep bull around females besides sexual act, they exchange lot of emotions also, which is proved by experiments. Animals  have volatile chemical exchangers call pheromones. These pheromones are very important chemical exchanger for survival of species. When we are isolating male and female we are definitely changing phsiology as well as in long term there is segregation of some genes which may not be suitable for longtime survival of these species.   

Hi again, I would like to precise a point (after reading all the answer). The differences between milk fat content at the beginning and end of milking is not at all due to density of milk fat. As I explain to my students, an old experiment in england was done to test milking with animals lied on their back and machine milking emptying gland by the top. And theiy always find low fat at the beginning and high fat content at the end of milking!!! It is a physical problem and also anatomo-physiological explanation. Fat globules have for a part of them, a larger diameter than the small galactophorous ducts. Thus, without mecanical pressure on the aveolus, it is not possible to force these globules to pass in these small ducts. The milk naturally drained between milking is thus filtrated and a part of the fat content is kept in alveolus. During milking or suckling, after Oxytocin discharge, the pressure is suffcient and fat globules arrive in cistern and fat content increase continuously throughout milking. Stripping milk correponds to milk non extracted, may be because of an incomplete milk ejection, may be naturally, because milk flow begins to become too low and cluster are removed before a total exrtaction of the milk . It is accepted as normal to let around 5 to 10 % of milk in udder after milking (without any deleterious impact on further milk secretion). It is normal that if you strip or want to extract residual milk by oxytocin injection, the milk extracted will be very rich in fat but quite normal in lactose and protein. In dairy goats it is a little bit different because, ducts seems to be larger and fat globule smaller, making fat transfert between milking more efficient. addictionnaly, the milk retained in alveolus and ducts represnet only a very small part of the total milk (Till 90% citernal!). But if you extract residual milk with OT, it will be the same than for other species with very high yield of fat percentage. If you want to evaluate the mean milk fat, The only solution is to collect milk individually and mix it before to analyse. To take a sample in the middle of milking is a way to evaluate a mean fat content but for a scientific work it can be criticized because, it is also very variable depending of the moment you sample milk and depending of animal because kinetic of fat evacuation could differ a lot between animals.

regards

Excel file which has been attached can help you.

For a dairy plant, best indicator is milking average and dry average.

Multifactorial nature.

1. Genetics (modern dairy breeds have decreasing fertility)

2. Management (including oestrus detection, transition cow management, housing system, etc)

3. Nutrition (deficiencies and suboptimal levels, but also imbalance between main nutrients [carbohydrate, protein fat, minerals, vitamins])

4. Disorders (genital tract, generalised conditions, e.g. infectious, lameness, mastitis)

5. Level of production (inversely proportional relationship)

It is a common mistake to concentrate on only a single factor (like deficiency of microminerals) and not addressing the real situation. A holistic approach to the problem is required. Fertility is one of the production disorders. Therefore, the approach to a fertility problem should be addressed following the principles of herd health management.

Hope this helps.