Dairy Cattle - Science topic

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic granulomatous infectious illness in cattle. The etiological agent of bTB is Mycobacterium bovis. However, other members belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, like M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. caprae, M. orygis, and M. microti are known to cause bTB in cattle. There are 303.76 million bovine...

özet Sığır yetiştiriciliğinde biyokimyasal kan parametreleri gerek besi sığırlarında gerekse süt sığırlarında sürdürülebilirlik ve kârlılık olarak önemli bir inceleme alanı olup genetik ıslah için de önem arz etmektedir. Sığır ırklarının biyokimyasal kan parametrelerinin çeşitli dönemlerde değişiklik gösterdiği bilinmekle beraber ağırlıklı olarak s...

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, mit Hilfe eines Bayesian Netzwerkes den Zusammenhang zwischen metabolischen Profilen und verschiedenen, in der Bestandsbetreuung von Milchkühen üblicherweise gebrauchten Scores zu objektivieren. Es wurde untersucht, ob zwischen den metabolischen Blutprofilen und dem Body Con...

Because of an increasing interest in crossbreeding between dairy breeds in dairy cattle herds, farmers are requesting breeding values for crossbred animals. However, genomically enhanced breeding values are difficult to predict in crossbred populations because the genetic make-up of crossbred individuals is unlikely to follow the same pattern as fo...

Objective Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have repeatedly been isolated from dairy herds. It was the purpose of this study to compare the results of 3 subsequent national scale cross-sectional investigations in dairy herds in Germany on the prevalence of MRSA in bulk tank milk and the characteristics of the isolates. Material and...

Digital dermatitis causes lameness, discomfort, and economic losses worldwide. The test considered the 'gold standard' for diagnosis of digital dermatitis is the visual inspection of the feet into a trimming chute. However, this test is challenging to perform in daily operations. For this reason, several alternative methods to diagnose digital derm...

This study aimed to assess the impact of essential oils (EOs) on in vitro gas formation and the degradability of dairy and beef cattle diets. This study also aimed to investigate the effects of different types of EOs on nutrient utilization and rumen microbial activity. The current study was conducted using a fully randomized design consisting of e...

Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle a...

Due to the increasing expansion into urban and rural areas, wild boars represent a potential source of infection with zoonotic and animal-specific parasites for both humans and animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the serological prevalence to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in blood samp...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different percentages of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay (AH) and doses of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in the diet on the mitigation of greenhouse gas production, the in vitro rumen fermentation profile and methane (CH4) conversion efficiency. AH percentages were defined for the diets of bee...

Background This study aims to achieve biocontrol of multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes in dairy cattle farms which poses a severe threat to our socio-economic balance and healthcare systems. Methods Naturally occurring phages from dairy cattle environments were isolated and characterized, and the antimicrobial effect of isolated L. monocyt...

Simple Summary: The main dairy area of the country is in the arid central north of Mexico (25 • NL). It is characterized by a dry climate with high temperatures, where dairy cattle are subject to prolonged periods of heat stress (HS). Due to this, through the THI and the year's seasons, the effect of HS upon milk production, feed-to-milk efficiency...

Genetic research in livestock is conducted on genes affecting economically important traits that may be useful in breeding programs. The number of these studies is increasing day by day, making access to information more complex. For this reason, the Meta-Analysis statistical method is used, which allows the data obtained from related but independe...

The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants in the promoter and 5'UTR regions of bovine leucine amino peptidase three (LAP3) gene and analysed their associations with estimated breeding values (EBVs) of milk production traits and clinical mastitis in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle. Eleven SNPs were identified within the region under...

Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli strains have been circulating in various sectors and can be cross-transferred between them. Among pathogenic E. coli strains, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and hybrid pathogenic E. coli (HyPEC) emerged as responsible for outbreaks worldwide. As bovine are reservoir of STEC strains, these pathogens pri...

In cows embryo transfer occurs on the 7 th day of the oestrous cycle. Embryo survival and successful pregnancy depend on many factors, including early interaction between embryo and endometrium. Therefore, the aim of our research was to describe histo-morphological characteristics of endometrium in donor and recipient cows on obtaining and transfer...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diverse silage containing plantain on urination behaviour and urinary and faecal nitrogen (N) concentration of dairy cows when grazing standard ryegrass-white clover (RGWC) or diverse pasture containing plantain. Four groups of six non-lactating dairy cows were balanced and randomly assig...

The transition period is the most critical stage in the lactation cycle of dairy cattle. During this period, cows are subjected to high levels of oxidative stress (OS). One way of managing OS is through mineral supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of transition dairy cows supplem...

Background Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and prevalent diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide. It adversely affects the quality and quantity of milk production and leads to a significant economic loss for the farmers. Methods This article aimed to estimate the prevalence of clinical mastitis (CM) infection in mainland China using a...

Staphylococcus aureus es una bacteria patógena, causante de infecciones en humanos y animales. Es uno de los agentes etiológicos de la mastitis bovina, infección que puede contaminar la leche, y ser fuente de contaminación para trabajadores y consumidores finales. La presencia de cepas multirresistentes en la leche cruda, representa una amenaza adi...

The production of food from animals poses societal concern about the welfare of these animals in Western countries and increasingly also in economically developing countries. Animals and people may experience disutility from animal suffering, which can be seen as an external cost that is not (fully) included in the cost of production. Thus, consume...

En la mayoría de los sistemas de producción de leche, los terneros/as se crían en forma artificial y no naturalmente junto a sus madres o vacas amas. Los sistemas de crianza artificial utilizados en el área de influencia de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (FCA-UNR), y a nivel nacional, cuentan con diferentes m...

Simple Summary Reproductive failures in dairy farms are extremely costly for breeders; however, the cause of loss is often very hard to determine. The environment may reflect an influence on the quality of the oocyte follicular fluid (FF). It was suggested that FF can be used as an indicator for the functional status of the ovarian follicle in bovi...

Background and Aim: Trypanosoma evansi is a blood and tissue protozoan parasite affecting domestic and wild animals. The T. evansi Thai strain, namely, T. evansi from dairy cattle number 953 (TEDC 953) strain, has been successfully isolated from dairy cattle and cultivated in vitro. The in vitro-cultivated parasite is useful for biological studies,...

Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome is a newly emerging, highly fatal intestinal disease of adult dairy cows. This paper describes a case of HBS diagnosed in a dairy farm from the Cordoba province. An adult dairy cow sudden dead, was studied and diagnosed as HBS. Pathological examinations revealed a focal large intramural small-intestinal hematoma with nec...

In dairy cattle farming, heat stress largely impairs production, health, and animal welfare. The goal of this study is to develop a workflow and a numerical analysis procedure to provide a real-time 3D distribution of the THI in a generic cattle barn based on temperature and humidity monitored in sample points, besides characterizing the relationsh...

Climate change mainly affects production and consumption systems, such as: food, livelihoods, production (e.g., reduced milk production), water, and land use. The role of local knowledge has been recognized as important for decision-making under changing circumstances. This study was conducted in the northern part of the Ecuadorian Andes using a sa...

Simple Summary Bovine interdigital phlegmon (IP) is an infective bacterial disease that originates from a lesion in the interdigital skin that rapidly spreads into the deeper soft tissues of the foot. Intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) with antimicrobials is a well-known technique that provides high antimicrobial concentrations at the site...

Simple Summary This study aimed to determine the levels of various hormones and metabolites in the blood of Holstein dairy cows during the crucial transition period, 7 days before parturition and a further 14 and 21 days postparturition, exploring the link between pregnancy probability after first artificial insemination and during the first 100 da...

Background: Canadienne cattle are the oldest breed of dairy cattle in North America. The Canadienne breed originates from cattle that were brought to America by the mid-seventeenth century French settlers. The herd book was established in 1886 and the current breed characteristics include dark coat color, small size compared to the modern Holstein...

The dairy industry is under pressure to reduce its environmental impact while producing more milk to meet society’s needs. Precision feed management (PFM) is one tool that can be used to meet this challenge. A simple definition of PFM is to provide adequate, but not excessive, nutrients to meet animal requirements. There has been an industry trend...

Simple Summary Genomic and phenotypic selection criteria have been crucial in dairy cattle during the last decade. Udder health and milk production are important factors affecting productivity in dairy cattle. Furthermore, genomic and phenotypic selection are essential tools for increasing milk supply for human consumption, decreasing the use of an...

A field trial was designed to study the effect of TANUVAS GRAND supplementation on production performance, health status and reproduction in dairy cattle in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Four villages of Tirunelveli division, four villages of Tenkasi division and two villages of Ambasamudram of Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu and a total of...

Simple Summary Infectious mastitis causes significant economic losses and affects dairy cattle health and welfare. The present research aimed to test an intramammary-infused therapeutic compound to promote sustained mastitis treatment and improve cure rates in dairy cattle. The effects of intramammary infusion of micronised purified flavonoid fract...

The neonatal leptin surge is important for hypothalamic development, feed intake regulation, and long-term metabolic control. In sheep, the leptin surge is eliminated with maternal overnutrition and an elevated dam body condition score (BCS), but this has not been assessed in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to characterize the neonatal prof...

Estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters for reproductive traits is an important tool for the definition and evaluation of selection programs. Results from various studies indicated that research should be intensified to identify and utilize animals with greater genetic potential. Some researchers reported high value, whereas another reporte...

Background Lameness is a significant problem for the dairy industry worldwide. No previous studies have evaluated the prevalence of lameness or digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cattle herds in Egypt. A total of 16,098 dairy cows from 55 dairy herds in 11 Egyptian governorates underwent visual locomotion scoring using a 4-point scoring system. Cows...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of imputation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the estimation of genomic inbreeding coefficients. Imputed genotypes of 68,127 Italian Holstein dairy cows were analyzed. Cows were initially genotyped with two high density (HD) SNP panels, namely the Illumina Infinium BovineHD BeadChip...

The objective of this study was to use the Large Ruminant Nutrition System simulation (LRNS) model to evaluate inclusion of different proportions of fodder beet (FB) with several feed supplements to determine if these dietary combinations meet the nutrient requirements of dry cows and growing one-year-old (R1) heifers over winter. The LRNS simulati...

Obtaining highly productive farm animals in dairy cattle breeding using the latest biotechnological techniques and methods in order to extend their maximum productive life is the most important world problem. This paper sets out the priority tasks for the country’s livestock farms to develop and implement new biotechnology and genetic engineering m...

Simple Summary: Lameness is a prevailing problem in dairy herds that has a negative effect on welfare, reproduction, and economic viability. The aim of this study was to investigate if the negative impact of lameness on ovarian activity at the end of puerperium is related to the energy status of dairy cows and to measure the responsiveness of lame...

A Survey on the milk yield and its determinants was conducted among 120 smallholder cattle producers in Ibarapa East Local Government area of Oyo state. A multi-stage sampling method was adopted for data collection using structured questionnaires. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and multiple regression analyses. The results obtaine...

India has one of the largest livestock populations in the world. According to the recent livestock census, the total livestock population in India is about 536 million, which shows an increase rate of 4.6% over the previous census. The quality feeding of livestock is a major concern in our country due to the continuous shortage of green fodder and...

Twin pregnancies are highly undesirable in dairy cattle; they compromise the health and wellbeing of a cow, and its incidence dramatically impairs the farm economy. Recently, a genomic prediction for twin pregnancies has been developed. The objective of this study was to assess cow, environmental and management risk factors affecting the incidence...

Specific animal-based indicators that may be used to predict animal welfare have been at the basis of techniques for monitoring farm animal welfare, such as those developed by the Welfare Quality project. In addition, the use of technical instruments to accurately and immediately measure farm animal welfare is obvious. Precision livestock farming (...

Background: The reduction in phenotypic performance of a population due to mating between close relatives is called inbreeding depression. The genetic background of inbreeding depression for semen traits is poorly understood. Thus, the objectives were to estimate the effect of inbreeding and to identify genomic regions underlying inbreeding depres...

Two hundred Holstein heifers were divided by hair coat color in black (n1 = 60), white (n2 = 62), and mixed (n3 = 78) to accomplish two objectives: (1) to compare physiological variables using an analysis of variance, and (2) to construct regression equations to predict rectal temperature. In each heifer, rectal temperature (RT), respiration freque...

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, plays an important role in the antioxidative defense mechanism, and it has been proven to improve fertility and reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle. The present study evaluated the potential protective action of Se supplement of in vitro maturation (IVM) media on the maturation and subsequent developme...

Intro Argentina is one of South America's leading milk and pork producers, yet the data for antimicrobial usage and resistance in these sectors is extremely limited. Here we report third-generation cephalosporin resistance (3GC-R) rates among E. coli from pigs and dairy cattle in two Argentinian regions (La Plata and Rio Cuarto) and the resistance...

Non-conservative K232A substitution in the diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene has been reported to explain variation in milk traits in cattle. The objective of this study was to estimate allele and genotype frequencies and to assess associations between K232A variants and milk yield and composition in cattle populations of Ethio...

Implementing timely and humane euthanasia in dairy farms remains a critical concern. One of the possible barriers for the implementation of timely euthanasia on-farm is dairy workers' attitudes toward the act. The objectives of this study were to investigate dairy workers' attitudes toward dairy cattle euthanasia and their association to individual...

Environmental heat stress in dairy cattle leads to poor health, reduced milk production and decreased reproductive efficiency. Multiple genes interact and coordinate the response to overcome the impact of heat stress. The present study identified heat shock regulated genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genome-wide expression pat...

The aims were twofold. First, to develop a statistical model predicting the probabilities of freedom from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) antibodies in Danish dairy herds using longitudinal herd-level surveillance data. These data were obtained via antibody-detecting ELISA testing on bulk tank milk (BTM), four tim...

This study aimed to analyze the possible relationship between days to conception and different oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and liver functional parameters in multiparous dairy cows. Besides, a fast reliable method for the accurate measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed in several ma...

In this study, four methods (phenol-chloroform protocol, sodium iodide kit, QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, and TIANamp Micro DNA Kit) were used to extract cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cattle blood, and the yield and purity of cfDNA varied in four different methods from 0.36 to 0.84 ng/mL for yield and 0.67 to 1.80 (A260/A280) for purity. Compared with ot...

Pregnancy rate is low in artificial insemination with sexed semen compared to conventional semen. This situation poses a major problem for dairy farms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of semen type on conception rate, calf sex and birth weight, stillbirth, pregnancy loss, and postpartum maternal body weight (MBW) in Holstein he...

Mastitis is the most common production disease in the dairy sector worldwide, its incidence being associated with both cows’ exposure to bacteria and the cows’ genetic make-up for resistance to pathogens. The objective of our study was to analyse 89 missense SNPs belonging to six genes (CXCR2, CXCL8, TLR4, BRCA1, LTF, BOLA-DRB3), which were found t...

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of subclinical mastitis treatment in dairy cattle on biomarkers registered with in-line sensors such as milk yield (MY), electric milk conductivity (EC), rumination time (RT), and somatic cell count (SCC). At the start of the experiment, all cows according to SCC level were divided into two groups:...

Milk quantity and quality traits in cattle are affected by udder health, breed, genetic (such as heritability, repeatability, and heterosis), and environmental factors. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of udder health, genetic factors and environmental factors on milk performance traits in cattle breeds. The study was conducted...

Thermal comfort is one of the main factors that influence the productivity of dairy cattle. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is one of the most used indicators to evaluate thermal comfort levels. This work aimed to evaluate the levels of thermal comfort for bovine dairy production in Rio Grande do Sul state through the THI calculation and its i...

Considering the increasing challenges imposed by climate change and the need to improve animal welfare, breeding more resilient animals capable of better coping with environmental disturbances is of paramount importance. In dairy cattle, resilience can be evaluated by measuring the longitudinal occurrences of abnormal daily milk yield throughout la...

Livestock plays a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh, especially in rural areas. However, heat and cold stresses can have a severe impact on their health and productivity. The study aims to investigate the distribution of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and identify areas of maximum vulnerability for dairy animals in Bangladesh in terms o...

The circulation of progesterone (P4) concentrations of recipients has positive correlations with embryo survival and pregnancy success of embryo transfer (ET) in dairy cows. One strategy to improve P4 concentration is the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thereby inducing the formation of...

Background Dairy cows are susceptible to postpartum systemic oxidative stress (OS), which leads to significant production loss and metabolic disorders. The gut microbiota has been linked to host health and stress levels. However, to what extent the gut microbiota is associated with postpartum OS remains unknown. In this study, the contribution of t...

Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly disease that affects dairy cattle. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are currently one of the main pathogens associated with difficult-to-treat intramammary infections. Biofilm is an important virulence factor that can protect bacteria against antimicrobial treatment and prevent their recognition by the...

Adverse effects associated with overdose of NSAIDs are rarely reported in cattle, and the risk level is unknown. If high doses of NSAIDs can be safely administered to cattle, this may provide a longer duration of analgesia than using current doses where repeated administration is not practical. Meloxicam was administered to 5 mid-lactation Holstein...

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and pathological findings of type 1 and 2 abomasal ulcers in cattle with different primary comorbidities. A total of 201 animals; 40/201 (20%) were young cattle under the age of two years and 161/201 (80%) were adult cattle over the age of two years, which were hospitalized for clinical care 152/2...