Cytological Techniques - Science method

Vaginal cytology is a simple technique that can be used to determine the stages of the estrus cycle, if there are pathological conditions of the reproductive tract, and the optimal time of mating. There have been many vaginal cytology studies and it's clinical applications have been reported in many species. There have been few reports, however, ab...

Simple Summary Various diagnostic methods exist for EC, with traditional biopsy being common but invasive. Endometrial cytology using liquid specimens shows promise for non-invasive detection. Morphological features like fractal dimension, circularity, and solidity in cell clusters could potentially enhance diagnostic accuracy and predict prognosis...

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for thyroid nodules has a high diagnostic accuracy, according to several studies worldwide. Patients who experienced preoperative FNAC had more optimal surgical treatment than others who did not perform FNAC. Therefore, achieving an accurate FNAC procedure appears to be an important tool for the...

In surgical pathology departments, reflex first-line techniques (RFLTs) are aimed at reducing workloads and addressing recent shortages of medical personnel. However, the impacts thereof on economic and diagnostic factors have been poorly addressed. Also, in the era of global warming, environmental considerations are crucial. This study assessed th...

RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) is a cytological technique to visualize the subcellular distribution and abundance of specific RNA molecules in cultured-cells or tissues. The ability to ‘see’ the localization of specific RNA species and quantify the same in different cell types has contributed immensely to our understanding of gene expression and...

Purpose To describe cellular alterations detected by impression cytology of the ocular surface in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. The secondary objective was to assess the reliability of impression cytology in diagnosing ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Methods Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum underwent a single-day complete ophthalmolog...

To analyze the clinical characteristics of mucinous obstruction diagnosed by dacryoendoscopy and compared the cytological changes with membranous obstruction using a modified liquid-based thin prep cytology method. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 53 eyes of 51 patients with mucus obstruction based on dacryoendoscopic findings from Jan...

Characterization of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is an ongoing research process. To overcome limitations of current cytologic techniques, we investigated whether immunofluorescence multiplex image cytometry could quantify intact neutrophils, eosinophils, and other immune cells in solid upper...

Cervical dysplasia (CD) is precancerous condition in which healthy cells on the cervix undergo some abnormal changes. The abnormal cells are not cancerous, but can develop into cancer if not discovered early and treated. About 250,000 to 1 million women in the U.S. get diagnosed with CD each year. The main cause of CD is human papillomavirus virus...

Background: Oral/Oropharyngeal cancers, particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) comprise about 85% of the head and neck cancers. At present, these cancers constitute the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths around the globe. With the advent of HPV as a causative agent of oral/oropharyngeal cancers associated with good pro...

This study presents the results of systematic reviews on adjunctive tools in screening and diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and to determine if the current literature supports their use as either an adjunctive tool or replacement of gold standard techniques. Systemic reviews and meta-a...

Background: The application of cytological techniques in identifying malignant respiratory tract lesions has been widely praised as a significant achievement. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy has greatly transformed respiratory cytology, making procedures such as bronchial brushings, broncho-alveolar lavage, and bronchial forceps biopsy more conven...

Urban activities pollute aquatic ecosystems, and the integrity of organisms such as fish. The use of cytological techniques, such as the analysis of blood cellular integrity using the Micronucleus test, can help detect mutagenic damage as a result to urban effluents exposure. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of micronucle...

The aim of this study was to provide the first systematic description of human placental cytology appearances and to investigate syncytiotrophoblast nuclear organisation patterns using cytology techniques. Term placentas from normal pregnancies were sampled using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and direct scrapes. Standard histological examination was...

Background: Cervical cancer is a common malignancy causing cancer-related deaths worldwide. Evidence suggests that adequate screening can reduce cervical cancer-related deaths. Screening for cervical cancer can be done using Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA), HPV DNA and cytology. The economic burden of cancer patients is substantial ranging f...

Objective The proposed study was planned to screen Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) status in potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) and correlated HPV positivity with cytological changes in oral smears. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan from April 2020 to April 2021. Ora...

Introduction Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is recognized worldwide as the primary diagnostic method for evaluating thyroid nodules. Samples collected by FNA can be spread directly onto slides, prepared for cell blocks, or processed as liquid-based cytology. Advocates of the traditional smear technique emphasize that background material such as collo...

Patient‐derived organoid models hold promise for advancing clinical cancer research, including diagnosis and personalized and precision medicine approaches, and cytology, in particular, plays a pivotal role in this process. These three‐dimensional multicellular structures are heterogeneous, potentially maintain the cancer phenotype, and conserve th...

The purpose of pulmonary cytology is two-fold. First, to establish whether a pulmonary nodule is benign or malignant. Second, pulmonary cytology should classify the type of pathologic process present. When a pulmonary nodule is characterized as malignant, it is of high importance to further classify the malignancy as to type, with non-small cell ca...

The design of probiotic hygiene products for daily use is considered an adequate alternative for the restoration of the vaginal microbiome, maintaining health, and/or preventing infections of the female urogenital tract. Most of these probiotic products are available on the world market, but their efficacy and safety are not sufficiently documented...

Background: Malignant pleural effusion missed routinely because of the less diagnostic yield of conventional fluid cytology like fluid cytology. Fluid cell block is underutilized technique routinely and less utilized in diagnostic panels due to the lack of expertise in the field of cytopathology. Materials and Methods: A prospective multicentric st...

Germplasm diversity of any crop plays a significant role in the establishment of a successful breeding programme. In this study, five tomato germplasm, namely Roma Savannah, Tima, UTC, Dan Zaria and Tagino were collected from the Nasarawa State College of Agriculture, Lafia were evaluated for their cytological characterization to determine the germ...

Background: Several liquid-based cytology (LBC) methods are currently used, but the diagnostic accuracy of each method is not well known. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of SurePathTM LBC and conventional smear (CS) cytology in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) samples of esophageal, gastric, and duodenal...

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the world's most severe health challenges. The existence of STIs such as human papillomavirus (HPV) might cause cervical cell changes leading to cervical cancer. Objective: This study aims to assess the association of STIs with cervical cytological abnormalities and genital warts amon...

Background In diseases such as interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), patient diagnosis relies on diagnostic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and biopsies. Immunological BALF analysis includes differentiation of leukocytes by standard cytological techniques that are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Studies have shown promising leukocy...

This news section is written by a medical journalist and offers Cancer Cytopathology readers timely information on events, issues, and personalities of interest to the subspecialty. In this first of a two‐part series, whether you are intrigued or alarmed by the emergency of artificial intelligence (AI), a recent burst of research in AI is showing h...

Cervical cancer is still the fourth most common cancer in women throughout the world; an estimated 604,000 new cases were observed in 2020. Better knowledge of its pathogenesis, gained in recent years, has introduced new preventive and diagnostic approaches. Knowledge of its pathogenesis has made it possible to provide individualized surgical and d...

Vaginal cytology is a widely used cytological technique mostly taught by observation, either through direct tutoring or videos. To the best of our knowledge, vaginal cytology simulators have never been assessed in veterinary medicine. Twenty-five undergraduate students with no prior experience in canine vaginal sampling were randomly assigned to tw...

As cervical cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death for women globally, different screening techniques have emerged. As the Papanicolaou technique generates high numbers of false negatives due to only testing 20% of a sample, the liquid-based cytology technique was developed to test 100% of the sample and improve accuracy. However,...

Germplasm diversity of any crop plays a significant role in the establishment of a successful breeding programme. In this study, five tomato germplasm, namely Roma Savannah, Tima, UTC, Dan Zaria and Tagino were collected from the Nasarawa State College of Agriculture, Lafia were evaluated for their cytological characterization to determine the germ...

Background: Tobacco-induced mucosal changes have been identified in exfoliated cells. The morphology of the exfoliated cells depends on the nature of the changes taking place in the epithelial layer; conversely, alteration in cytological pattern may be attributed to the changes occurring in the epithelial layer. Applying this possibility, exfoliati...

Introduction For intra-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors, imprint cytology is the method which gives result within 20 min. It does not affect the quality and utility of the specimen for histopathology. Despite advances in genetics and imaging, histopathological analysis remains the mainstay of ovarian tumor diagnosis. Aim To describe incidence...

Background The diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) by cytopathology can be challenging. This study was aimed at testing the effectiveness of this technique and at assessing possible differences in the coincidence rate of fine-needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) and brush exfoliation. Methods The pathology database of Southwest Medical Univers...

Introducción: En las últimas décadas la incidencia del cáncer tiroideo en el curso de la enfermedad nodular se ha incrementado debido a las novedosas técnicas de diagnóstico; sin embargo, la tasa de mortalidad se ha mantenido muy baja. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y quirúrgicas de pacientes con afecciones nodular...

Background: The objective was to determine the prevalence of abnormal cytologic smears in a large population of a Brazilian city. Methods: Retrospective study of cervical cytology results performed at a private laboratory in São Paulo - Brazil. A total of 1,030,482 cytology tests were performed between January 2010 and December 2015. Results:...

A key step in the pre-breeding stage of plant breeding is the selection of cultivars with desirable characteristics for use as parents to develop new crop varieties. With the development of technology, numerous laboratory techniques have emerged as key tools for breeding programs to save time and resources. For these reasons, the aim of this review...

Background and Objectives. The benefits of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of solid masses have not been convincingly shown in large, randomized trials. New equipment using EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) allows for more material to be acquired that may obviate the need for ROSE....

Aims To stratify the risk of cervical precancers (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)) and cancers (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma) based on distinct high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes as well as age groups among women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined signifi...

Background Disulfidptosis is a new type of cellular death triggered in response to disulfide stress and is strongly linked to the progression of malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very common malignancy. Some reports have suggested a link between disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) and cancer; however, further research needs to be co...

In many diseases such as interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), patient diagnosis relies on diagnostic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and biopsies. In BALF the differentiation of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages can contribute to diagnose the underlying ILD entity. To analyze the BALF standard cytological techniqu...

Introducción: Desde los inicios de este siglo se ha producido un notable incremento mundial de la tasa de incidencia del cáncer de tiroides, el cual generalmente tiene un curso larvado y asintomático. Objetivo: Profundizar en el conocimiento de los aspectos novedosos del diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento personalizado del cáncer tiroideo. Desarr...

Dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) is the most accepted cytological technique for the purpose of biological dosimetry in radiological and nuclear accidents, however, it is not always easy to evaluate dicentric chromosomes because of the technical difficulty in identifying dicentric chromosomes on Giemsa-stained metaphase chromosome samples. Here, we...

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunostaining, which aids clinicians in decision-making on immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, is sometimes performed on cytological specimens. In this study, differences in cytology fixation and cell block (CB) processing between pathology laboratories were assessed, and the influence o...

Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is considered a precursor of adenocarcinoma. Cervical adenocarcinoma has been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), while other subtypes of AIS and endocervical adenocarcinoma have no precursor lesions and are not associated with HPV. Cervical cytology and HPV genotyping are important in the detection of these dif...

Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a big threat to the global rice production. To characterize the early development of R. solani on rice leaf and leaf sheath, two genotypes, GD66 (a resistant genotype) and Lemont (a susceptible genotype), were observed using four cytological techniques: the whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser...

Background Malignant pleural effusion missed routinely because of less diagnostic yield of conventional fluid cytology. Materials and Methods Prospective multicentric study conducted during January 2014 to June 2016 in Venkatesh chest hospital, and Pulmonary Medicine, MIMSR medical college Latur, to find diagnostic yield of conventional pleural fl...

Background: The management of patients with "Atypical Squamous Cells" (ASC) in conventional papanicolaou smears (CPS) is based on the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The efficacy of liquid-based cytology (LBC) to detect this premalignant lesion is variable, with little evidence of its performance in Colombian patients....

A citopatologia é um método de coleta que permite a análise celular por meio de diferentes técnicas. A observação das células esfoliadas da mucosa bucal demonstra aspectos morfológicos, bioquímicos e/ou moleculares dependendo do tipo do processamento empregado. Objetivo: Este estudo testou o emprego da técnica de citopatologia bucal associada à mic...

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a complex process that begins with regaining totipotency in some somatic cells, proceeds through embryo development and maturation, and ends with the formation of a whole plant. Since the first publications on SE in 1958, this regeneration process has been applied to the in vitro propagation of many plant species and h...

Received: June 11 th 2022 Oral mucosal lesions are caused by irritation from malocclusion or orthodontic appliances. Wearers of orthodontic appliances some times are suffering from mucosal lesions, buccal mucosa of orthodontics patient have many pathological change such as binucleation and micronuclei and sveral types of inflammatory cell .Aims of...

A promising method for preparing metaphase spread for counting the number of chromosomes from the emerging shoot tissue is described in this report. In the present study, we adopted enzymatic digestion of shoot tips to analyse the chromosome number. The chromosomes in metaphase stage of cell division are highly condensed and easy to count in routin...

The taxon Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) contains one of the long-established evolutionary lineages of vertebrates with a tantalizing collection of species occupying critical aquatic habitats. To overcome the current limitation in molecular resources, we launched the Squalomix Consortium in 2020 to promote a genome-wide array of molecular approac...

PURPOSE The extensive growth and use of electronic health records (EHRs) and extending medical literature have led to huge opportunities to automate the extraction of relevant clinical information that helps in concise and effective clinical decision support. However, processing such information has traditionally been dependent on labor-intensive p...

Primordial germ cells develop into oocytes and sperm cells. These cells are useful resources in reproductive biology and regenerative medicine. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been examined for in vitro production of primordial germ cell-like cells. This study aimed to summarize the existing protocols for MSCs differentiation into primordial...

Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) sum 90 to 95 percent of oral cancers and the incidence described men aged 40 to 60 years old. The greater risk factor is the use of tobacco and alcohol, and they are described in independent or combined action. The gold standard method for OSCC diagnosis remain biopsy and histopathological examination. V...

Objective This study was aimed at analyzing the validity and reliability of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIAA) tests for cervical dysplasia screenings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods This was a retrospective study of patients 21 years or older seen at the Luis Negreiros Primary Care Center i...

Biomarker testing is crucial for treatment selection in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the quantity of available tissue often presents a key constraint for patients with advanced disease, where minimally invasive tissue biopsy typically returns small samples. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we summarise evidence-based reco...

Background: Bronchogenic cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in both sexes all over the world, especially across urban population. However, early diagnosis and timely intervention may minimize the mortality rate to a certain extent and increase the 5-year survival rate to 70–80%. Among the diagnostic modalities available, br...

Background: The diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is challenging, especially when the evaluable material procured is limited. As a result, diagnostic ancillary testing is frequently needed. Moreover, there is a trend in soft tissue pathology toward increasing use of molecular results for tumor classification and prognostication. Hence, diagnosing ne...

Introduction: Body fluids are processed by routine cytology techniques like preparing a slide and staining it with PAP stain. By this method it is difficult to give definitive diagnosis particularly to the cases where some abnormal cells seen suspicious of malignancy. In our study we utilized cell lock technique for reporting body fluid cytology. O...

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Conventional cytological examination as a screening method with Papanicolaou has been established to reduce the incidence of dysplasia and cervical cancer for years. In addition to the conventional screening, the introduction of immunocytochemical examinations, including CINtecPlus...

Introducción. La detección del virus del papiloma humano mediante la combinación de la prueba de HPV y otras técnicas como la citología, ha demostrado su eficacia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de lesiones asociadas con el cáncer de cuello uterino. Objetivo. Estimar el impacto presupuestal de la estrategia de detección temprana del HPV me...

The basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus has some special features which particularly suit it to experimental studies. In addition to ease of culture, which makes conventional approaches with various cytological techniques (including continuous video observation) practicable, we show in this chapter how a number of transplantation and bioassay experimen...

Structured data sets can be created from cytology reports without the addition of synoptic reports using either natural language processing or minor changes to laboratory information systems structure.;

Background: Malignant pleural effusion missed routinely because of less diagnostic yield of conventional fluid cytology like fluid cytology. Fluid cell block is underutilsed techniques routinely and less utilized in diagnostic panel due to lack of expertise in filed of cytopathology. Materials and methods: Prospective multicentric study conducted d...

Classifying and analyzing human cells is a lengthy procedure, often involving a trained professional. In an attempt to expedite this process, an active area of research involves automating cell classification through use of deep learning-based techniques. In practice, a large amount of data is required to accurately train these deep learning models...