Cysts - Science topic

Herein, we present 3 cases of Rathke's cleft cysts that shrank spontaneously within a short period. In addition, we present a literature review, discussing the characteristics and of action mechanisms of rapid Rathke's cleft cyst regression. Case 1 was that in a 17-year-old boy diagnosed with an Rathke's cleft cyst on the basis of magnetic resonanc...

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a common self-performed screening method to detect any possible changes in the breast. It is widely practiced around the world in developed and underdeveloped countries for the earliest possible detection of breast cancer. It is the most effective method, as the procedure is self-performed and does not...

The prevalence of thyroid nodules in the population is 24.83-44.4% but tend to increase up to 79.8% in patients over 80 years. In 0.7-1.59% of cases patients with spontaneous thyroid cyst or node hemorrhage require surgery. We report a case of 37-year-old woman who was admitted with complaints of neck pain on the left, weakness, a mass on the anter...

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by germline folliculin (FLCN) mutations and it is characterized by skin folliculomas, pulmonary cysts, and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). We herein report the first case of a female patient with BHDS who was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Daratumumab-based treatment was effectiv...

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with cystic features presents significant challenges in achieving an accurate preoperative diagnosis and in implementing appropriate clinical management. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) findings of PDACs with cystic lesions and correla...

The formation of resting cysts is a strategy for survival in unfavorable environments by single cell organisms such as protists. Here, we show that Colpoda resting cysts have high salinity tolerance and investigate the changes in gene expression that underpin this effect. Colpoda resting cysts can tolerate saline conditions up to 3.5% NaCl. A compa...

Purpose Headache is the most common presenting complaint in patients with Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCC). The study aimed to assess the headache burden in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal drainage of RCC. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal drainage of RCC be...

A 20-year-old male with a history of traumatic brain injury as an infant with subsequent hydrocephalus status post ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. Shunt revision was done 2 years back. Elevated blood pressure was noted in the outpatient department and referred to emergency. Imaging Findings: CT head demonstrated ventriculomegaly (Figure 1a) compar...

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis(VKC) is a common bilateral allergic disease clinically characterized by limbal papillae (Horner Tranta dots) in limbal form, papilllae in palpebral form and both can be seen in mixed form. This photoessay highlights the conjunctival cysts in a case of severe VKC, which were seen bilaterally. Cysts are seen as multiple hy...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome or PCOS is the most frequently diagnosed endocrine condition among women of reproductive age, where larger ovaries with tiny cysts alongside the margins are identified. Previous studies indicated that women with PCOS tend to have mental disorders like depression and anxiety and other issues related to their cognitive fun...

In endemic regions, intra-orbital hydatid cysts are a rare manifestation of Echinococcus granulosus infection, classically disturbing the liver and lungs. This report details a patient’s case with an intra-orbital cyst presenting. Diagnostic imaging revealed a cystic lesion causing optic nerve displacement. Serology confirmed echinococcosis. Surgic...

Background The exact characteristics of primary ovarian carcinoid tumors remain largely unknown because of the rarity of the cases. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes of patients with primary ovarian carcinoid tumors. Methods This retrospective case series included patients...

Epidermoid cysts of ovary are exceptionally rare benign cystic lesions which are exclusively lined by stratified squamous epithelium without any adenexal structures. They are usually an incidental finding on examination of hysterectomy specimens. It is essential to differentiate these cystic lesions from dermoid cysts and immature teratomas due to...

Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs located between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane. Detection of these cysts is critical for early diagnosis and treatment planning. In this study, deep learning algorithms were developed and applied to improve the detection of arachnoid cysts in brain MRI scans. Two separate feat...

Three female goats were presented with the history of right unilateral swelling below the ear and sub-mandibular region. Based on physical examination, radiography and ultrasonography, the swelling was a cystic structure filled with fluid. Colourless transparent fluid was seen on exploratory puncture of the swelling. Parasitic cyst was removed from...

Ovarian cysts are gradually increasing in our society. Large cysts of the ovary are uncommon and rare in recent times because of their early diagnosis and management due to modern imaging modalities. Because of large size medicinal management is challenging. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Kaphaja Granthi. In the present case study, a 44 yea...

The free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii is a unicellular eukaryote distributed in a wide range of soil or aquatic environments, either natural or human-made, such as rivers, lakes, drinking water, or swimming pools. Besides its capacity to transport potential pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, Acanthamoeba spp. can have intrinsic patho...

Background. Giant para tubal cysts are rare. Preoperative diagnosis poses a challenge. Choice of surgical approach is determined on the basis of morphologic characteristics of the cyst. Case report. A complicated giant para tubal cyst in a 16-year-old girl is presented. Clinical and radiological findings were elusive. Final diagnosis was made intra...

Background Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) has become the gold standard for renal transplantation. However, performing LLDN concurrently with other surgical procedures remains scarcely reported. This study evaluates the safety and feasibility of simultaneous LLDN with additional laparoscopic surgeries. Methods A prospective analysis w...

Purpose To report a rare case of orbital hydatid cyst involving the medial rectus muscle, which presented as progressive proptosis, with subsequent detection of liver involvement after further investigations. Case presentation We present the case of a 12-year-old boy from a rural area with exposure to wildlife dogs. The patient had a two-month his...

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) disease caused by Heterodera glycines is one of the most devastating diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and results in significant yield losses annually worldwide. Breeding crops for resistance is an eco-friendly approach to minimize these losses. In this study, SCN-resistant germplasm with excellent agronomic traits...

The emplacement characteristics of the deposit offer crucial insights into its genesis, ore-controlling structures, and delineating exploration targets. The Qiongjiagang lithium orefield, as the first giant lithium orefield in the Himalayas, is characterized by its large scale and high grade, with well-preserved emplacement structural features of t...

Background/Objectives: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a progressive genetic disorder marked by bilateral renal cysts and extrarenal manifestations, ultimately resulting in renal failure. Emerging research indicates that metformin might influence the intracellular mechanisms of ADPKD, though its clinical significance remains...

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies that can present with nonspecific symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. We present a case of a 13-month-old woman with hematochezia, initially diagnosed with viral gastroenteritis, who was later found to have a cecal duplication cyst on imaging. Surgical resection with ileocecectomy was perfor...

Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome (VHL) is a rare, hereditary disorder characterized by the development of multiple tumors and cysts in various parts of the body due to mutations in the VHL gene on chromosome 3p25-26. Patients with VHL are at increased risk for hemangioblastomas of the brain, spinal cord, and retina, renal cell carcinomas, pheochromocytom...

Background/Objectives: Odontogenic cysts are pathological cavities lined by cells arising from odontogenic epithelial cells, occurring mostly on the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It is common to find that the apices of the teeth around the cyst are within the cyst’s cavities due to its expansion. This study aims to assess the outcome of cyst enu...

Background Nearly 5 years after the arrival of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in New Zealand (NZ), many lessons have been learned. At North Shore Hospital (NSH) in Auckland, NZ, a general surgical COVID‐19 Crisis Roster (CCR) was established for the first lockdown in 2020. This study summarizes the prospective monitoring of our CCR and offers a fra...

Objective To analyze comprehensively the incidence, antenatal ultrasound characteristics and prognostic implications of antenatal pop‐off mechanisms of the fetal urinary system in pregnancies with suspected fetal megacystis. Methods This was a retrospective multicenter study of pregnancies with suspected fetal megacystis conducted across all acade...

Background This retrospective study aims to evaluate the relative representation of individual types of developmental odontogenic cysts (DOCs), especially from the perspective of syndromic and non-syndromic multiple DOCs in the Czech population. In addition, we also summarize the previous studies on the occurrence of multiple DOCs and provide a lit...

Objective To construct a combined model based on the CT and clinical characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with infection of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the combined model. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 225 patients with AIDS patients with pulmonary infection admitt...

Trichoadenoma of Nikolowski is a slow-growing, well-differentiated, rare, benign tumor closely resembling the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. Reporting such cases adds to the limited literature and helps clinicians better recognize and understand the condition. Due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance to other skin tumors, a...

This study aims to investigate the concomitant presence of the paradoxical middle turbinate and paranasal sinus pathologies, sinonasal variations, and nasal septal deviation in the tomography. The paranasal sinus computed tomography images of a total of 602 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy-eight patients with unilateral or bilateral...

Background Cystic Echinococcosis presents significant biological, medical, economic, and social challenges. The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis relies on immunodiagnostic methods alongside radiological in combinations with clinical findings. In human Cystic Echinococcosis, false negative immunologic results can occur in 3–5% of patients and reac...

Background Seminal vesicle cysts (SVCs) are rare benign diseases in men and are commonly asymptomatic. Giant SVCs with complications there are no standard treatments for SVCs, however surgical intervention is required for giant SVCs accompanied with complications. Case summary We present one case of a 49-year-old male patient diagnosed with giant...

Adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a multi‐system genetic disorder characterized by the development and progressive enlargement of fluid‐filled cysts in both kidneys, along with other organs. As one of the main causes of kidney failure, ADPKD can progress to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), with over 50% of affected individuals progressing t...

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an accurate, reliable, minimally invasive, and cost-effective procedure for pre-operative evaluation of salivary gland lesions. Salivary glands are host to a wide range of pathological conditions ranging from reactive, inflammatory, and cystic conditions to neoplastic lesions. In comparison to t...

The hematoma cavity typically remains collapsed after intracranial hematoma evacuation, but here we report an adult case in which the cavity expanded into a cystic form, developing into a porencephalic cyst, after the removal. A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital presenting with a disturbance of consciousness. A CT scan showed a subcort...

Introduction and importance A plunging ranula corresponds to an extravasation of saliva from the sublingual glands to the submandibular space and adjacent deep spaces. It is a very rare occurrence in children. Its management modalities are still controverted. Case presentation We report a rare case of a seven-year-old child with no known medical h...

Background and aim Liver lesions have a wide range of diseases that can be detected by different imaging modalities. The current aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of triple-phase computed tomography (CT) in hepatic lesions cases compared with histopathology results. Methods A retrospective study of 190 patients (mean age: 53.94, SD: ±16.2...

p> Background: Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are cysts formed by abnormal budding of the tracheobronchial tree during embryological development and are less common in adults. They are often located in the mediastinal region or lung parenchyma, but they can rarely be seen extrathoracically. BCs may not be detected radiologically on direct radiography mos...

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects humans and other mammals. The C57BL/6J mouse strain is regarded as an ideal model organism for studying T. gondii due to its susceptibility to T. gondii infection and its other advantages over other laboratory animals. However, systematic studies on the response dynamics of the s...

To investigate the correlation between serum sex hormone levels and clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC). The clinical data of male patients diagnosed with ccRCC and with simple renal cysts in our hospital from 2017 to 2023 were collected. The basic clinical data and serum sex hormone levels, including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulati...

Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) is a benign, nonneoplastic cystic lesion arising from embryonic remnants of the Rathke pouch and is increasingly detected with the widespread use of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Most RCCs remain asymptomatic; however, some present with symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, or pituitary dysfunction, ofte...

Autologous fat grafting has revolutionized facial and body rejuvenation by providing natural, biocompatible, and long-lasting results. This review explores recent advancements in harvesting, processing, and injection techniques, emphasizing their efficacy, safety, and aesthetic outcomes. Fat grafting not only restores volume but also demonstrates r...

Background The prognostic value of patterns and quantitative measures of lung fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients identified as having progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) has not been established. We investigated whether HRCT patterns and quantitative scores were associated with risk of progression in patients with P...

Introduction Choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are rare, benign neuroepithelial cysts that can cause obstructive hydrocephalus, although most are asymptomatic. Symptomatic CPCs are uncommon, and hydrocephalus from these cysts, especially intermittent in nature, is rarely reported. Diagnosing CPC-induced intermittent hydrocephalus can be challenging due t...

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are radiological findings on chest computed tomography (CT) scans that occupy more than 5% of the lung area across upper, middle, and lower lung fields. Interstitial lung abnormalities manifest through several imaging features, including ground-glass opacities (GGO), reticular patterns, diffuse centrilobular no...

Disease suppressiveness is a complex phenomenon that is assumed to be the resultant of actions of local microbial antagonists in soil environments. Exploitation of disease suppressiveness as a tool to manage pathogens is hindered by our poor understanding of this phenomenon. Here we investigated soil microbiome-based suppression of potato cyst nema...

Choledochal cysts (CCs) are rare congenital anomalies of the bile ducts associated with an increased risk of biliary malignancy. Surgical management typically involves cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. While minimally invasive techniques are gaining popularity, their application for CCs management in adults remains...

Pulmonary hydatid cysts are rare entities, accounting for a small fraction of radiological findings. This case report presents a 43-year-old male with an atypical presentation initially suggestive of pneumonia. During a 13-day hospital admission, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and further investigations revealed a complicated ruptured hydati...

Background Glioependymal cysts are rare lesions, especially in children. Case Description The authors treated a well-developed 12-year-old male who presented with 1 week of acute-onset headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thin-walled third ventricular cyst obstructing the foramen of Monro. Endoscopic fenestration of the cyst with biopsy...

This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic efficacy of Moringa oleifera extracts against Taenia solium Cysticerci. The cyst evagination was assessed on the extract and compared with Praziquantel as reference standard. The evagination number and percentage of evagination were assessed under different concentrations of the treatments. A negative...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a significant zoonotic disease, transmitted primarily from canines to intermediate hosts such as humans, sheep, and cattle. This disease is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. CE can lead to severe health complications, including liver and lung cysts, which can cause organ dysfunction an...

Background: Most widely accepted classification for choledochal cyst was Todani classification. In which, Distal extent of choledochal cyst and its resection was not clearly defined. So, this distal classification may be supplementary in guiding distal extent of cyst and its resection in various types of choledochal cysts. Methods: This was a prosp...

Background Retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy, characterized by high rates of recurrences and the potential for metastasis. On imaging, these tumors typically present as a solid mass with lipomatous and non-lipomatous components. Cystic changes of dedifferentiated liposarcomas is exceedingly rare and might...

Congenital splenic cysts are rare entities in surgical practice and a non-negligible percentage are asymptomatic. They present a wide differential diagnosis and diverse ways of manifesting themselves, making them a pathology that is difficult to diagnose. We present the unusual clinical case of a patient with a symptomatic congenital splenic cyst m...

Congenital epiglottic cysts, though rare, represent a recognized etiology of upper airway obstruction in neonates and infants. Airway management of large epiglottic cysts presents significant challenges due to the inherent risk of catastrophic airway compromise. We present a case of difficult airway management in a neonate with a giant congenital e...

Previous studies showed that the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus, 1758) acts as the definitive host of the Sarcocystis halieti (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Gjerde, Vikøren et Hamnes, 2017. Herein, we report macrocysts of S. halieti in the pectoral muscle of a Sparrowhawk in the west of Iran. Between September 2019 and December 2023,...

The dinoflagellate Scrippsiella acuminata (formerly Scrippsiella trochoidea) is a cosmopolitan species commonly forms dense blooms worldwide. It also has been adopted as representative species for life history studies on dinoflagellates. The peculiar genetic features of its large nuclear genome make the whole-genome sequencing highly challenging. H...

Cilia are highly specialized cellular projections emanating from the cell surface, whose defects contribute to a spectrum of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) is a crucial component of the intraflagellar transport-B (IFT-B) subcomplex, a protein complex integral to ciliary transport. The absenc...

Purpose Prostatic utricle cyst (PUC) is known to be associated with hypospadias. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of PUC in children with proximal hypospadias by cystoscopy, and risk of symptom development after hypospadias repair. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent 2-stage repair for proximal hypospadi...

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include over 200 conditions affecting the lung parenchyma. ILDs are classified as non-fibrosing or fibrosing, with many fibrosing forms initially presenting as inflammatory and only progressing to fibrosis over time. Diagnosing ILDs is challenging due to their variety and rarity, with CT scans playing a key role in...

Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that can infect the central nervous system to cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), a highly fatal disease with mortality rates up to 90%. GAE is typically treated with a six-drug regimen with limited efficacy and significant toxicity. Our lab previously identified nitroxoline, a quinolone an...

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o reparo através de um caso clínico de extensa lesão periapical com diagnóstico sugestivo de cisto periapical. Paciente do sexo feminino, 33 anos, foi encaminhada para consultório particular para tratamento endodôntico do dente 11. Clinicamente, a paciente apresentava-se assintomática, com resposta negativa a...

Artemia franciscana, commonly known as brine shrimp are a staple food source in aquaculture due to their high nutritional value and ease of cultivation. However, optimizing the hatching process of their dormant cysts can be challenging due to the influence of various environmental factors. This paper explores the key factors affecting hatching succ...

Background Pigs are prone to infections with several protozoa species. Although infection with Toxoplasma gondii rarely results in clinical symptoms in pigs, consuming pork-containing cysts represents a potential threat to human health, especially in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and fetuses. It is estimated that around 2 billion p...

Background Species of the genus Acanthamoeba spp. are ubiquitous and can cause Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a serious corneal infection. Due to the toxicity and ineffectiveness of currently available prolonged therapies, we investigated electroceutical treatment aimed at facilitating the permeation of molecules through the membrane of cysts and tro...

Background: Cystic lesions of the salivary glands are a diagnostic dilemma. Pleomorphic adenoma, the most common neoplasm of the salivary gland, with cyst formation, is a rare event and can mimic various benign and malignant lesions.Case report: Here, we report an interesting case of a 25-year-old male with cystic degeneration of pleomorphic adenom...

Background Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary disorder leading to end-stage kidney disease due to the progressive formation of renal cysts. Nephrolithiasis is a frequent complication of ADPKD, with a prevalence significantly higher than in the general population. However, its role in disease progression rema...

The objective of this study was to assess the potential role of aquatic biofilms as natural reservoirs for Blastocystis. For this purpose, surface water (n = 4) and biofilm samples (n = 8) were collected from a stream nearby an urban area characterized by limited sanitation infrastructure and a high prevalence of Blastocystis in humans. Blastocysti...

Background Since the banning of chemical products used to control plant-parasitic nematode populations, the use of resistant plants has become the most effective management approach against the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. However, some populations, from experimental evolution setups and field samplings, are able to overcome these resist...

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder affecting the lung parenchyma with an unclear underlying cause. The condition is marked by isolated or multiple proliferations of histiocytes, which resemble dendritic Langerhans cells in phenotype. The progression of LCH varies significantly, ranging from isolated eosinophilic granul...

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) is a rare benign tumor accounting for less than 5% of all liver cysts, with MCN-L in the hilar region being exceptionally uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to its complex presentation. A 48-year-old woman presented with obstructive jaundice following initial laparoscopic drainage of hepatic cysts, whe...

Oral isotretinoin is successfully used for the treatment of moderate and severe acne vulgaris and prevention of acne scars and its psychosocial sequels. Acne flare as an adverse event of this agent, which is characterized by an initial exacerbation of acne, develops worsening lesions and increases the risk of scar development. For the first time, t...

Background Heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, mercury, etc.) can infiltrate the human body via diverse routes, with a propensity to accumulate in the kidney cortex, thereby precipitating kidney dysfunction. Vitamin D has been implicated in mitigating the oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions triggered by heavy metal exposure. However, the int...

Objective A middle cranial fossa is a well-recognized location for an intracranial arachnoid cyst in children. Giant middle fossa arachnoid cysts (GMFACs) can compress brain tissue, leading to rupture and potentially developing a subdural hygroma or hematoma. With recent advancements in neuroendoscopic technology, neuroendoscopic treatments have in...

Background: Odontogenic cysts, generally classified as inflammatory or developmental, in dental practice are usually identified incidentally, on routine exams and constitute an important aspect of oral and maxillofacial pathology. A few literature sources provide epidemiological data on odontogenic cysts and tumors. However, these findings may help...