Curcuma - Science topic

I would support opinion of Michael J. Benedik that it might be simpler to do in liquid, and would support Yoram Gerchman - such experiment must be done with many replications.

Generally, it would be a step down from CFU evaluation in reliability. You must study correlation between CFU and optical density for each microbe to confirm that O.D. is reliable measure of bacterial population.

If you simply repeat CFU measurements under different conditions (temperature, pH, etc.) it will be more informative study.

To Kouadri Mohamed El Amine good suggestions - I'd not recommend chloramphenicol to control fungi. The level to inhibit fungi is more than enough to inhibit bacteria.

I feel, that the people who posted answers completely ignored my first response. Each assay is based on its own chemistry, designed for certain goals, and used in different conditions. You need to understand well what you are measuring. Otherwise, you put into a basket apples, oranges, pears and unknown fruits and want to compare your and someone's else baskets. How you can say which basket is better? My point is that the RACI does not have any chemical sense.

Alif Ismail

I use shaking during my test because when the sample precipitated it can not reacting with DPPH, therefor, I shaking my sample during test and in last five minutes of test I centrifuging microtube for 1 min for precipitated the large particles and I using the supernatant for determine absorbance

Have a look at the following RG links.

Dear,

As we know that soil bacterial colonies appear in the media within 24h, while fungal growth requires more time (3-4 days). Therefore, no need to add any antifungal in the initial isolation stage. Anyway, if you want to add, you may add Nystatin, etc. Thanks

Can you help with this? as we have discussed earlier. Chuandong Wu

Check out https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345322889_Multi-residue_Analysis_of_Pesticides_in_Turmeric_Powder_and_Rhizome_Using_Gas_Chromatography_Tandem_Mass_Spectrometry

Nice and useful study

I think would be the same as suggested by other colleagues too. But, I think you must have to cite the source you taking the structure (s).

Thanks!

The soil temperature will affect the crop bearing in mind that no irrigation is done.

I have not had the experience of using turmeric as an antimicrobial agent in PTC. In our country, this substance is much more expensive than conventional disinfectants. On the other hand, we know that turmeric has antimicrobial properties, but it is a natural phenolic compound and its negative effect on cell growth and proliferation has been reported. Also, in my opinion, since this yellow substance reduces the transparency of the culture medium and the environment becomes opaque, I preffer to use the transparent materials.

Mutation breeding through radiation is a way of variability creation in different crops usually those are not propagated by seeds or those are not able to produce true seeds with proper germination ability. Sometimes mutation breeding resulted better if it is given below the injury level or below the lethal dose. In Bangladesh mutation on Ginger with 5Crad Gamma radiation found better than its higher or below doses. If the dose is higher new bud may die, damaged or unable to germinate. If any shoots germinate from out side of the radiation imposed area may not have any change. However it may need keen observation and should allow time to see the result.

Thanks a lot.

Seed set is observed in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Both triploids and tetraploids are available in cultivated turmeric. The turmeric seeds are arillate which have two seed coats, the outer thick and the inner thin. Staggered germination is observed, usually commences after 20 days after sowing and continued for several months. The percentage of seed germination varied with cultivars, and even plant to plant.

Sometimes infected zones typically appear as dull brown and dark.

Check https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/microwave-assisted-extraction

Swagat Mohanty , you can use RI detector for HPLC for your purpose. Otherwise, you should do a modification of your polysaccharide.

I think heat is the major causing factor

An F1 clonal propagated population should work fine for qtl mapping.

One should choose herbal remedies with scientific precaution. Self medication should not be encouraged. Yet coming on your question, there are multiple remedies mentioned in Ayurved for chronic cough and cold.

The best drug of choice is Curcuma longa commonly known as Turmeric. The powder of Turmeric with warm milk will show excellent result.

Beside it, there is formulation called Chyawanprash avaleha. This product is a proven immunity booster. It is beneficial for all the biological systems. But one should keep consuming it for longer duration, preferably for lifetime.

In the extraction process, the sample should be defated by extracting with non-polar solvent e.g. n-hexane to remove all oils and fats, any way you can separated by MPLC chromatography or preparative TLC. If the compound is insoluble in n-hexane try to use liquid-liquid extraction.

This may help. Curcumin also needs to be ingested with 'spicy' compounds such as piperine (found in black pepper) to inhibit hepatic enzyme function and increase bioavailability.

Why not? Chicken pox is a serious, debilitating disease that may ravage such large populations as are found in India and Sri Lanka. Therefore, any recommendations, including naturopathic treatment with treatment efficacies is a welcome relief

It is a big myth that curcumin and ginger make us vulnerable to coronavirus (COVID-19).

@ Dr. Abdul Hannan

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used in traditional medicine for more than 40 centuries as a herbal remedy for the treatment of inflammations, fevers, colic, scars, and skin diseases.

Hello Aswathi A.P ... I have isolated DNA using modified CTAB protocol from many wild and cultivated Zingiberaceae including turmeric (multiple accessions, I have published a paper on that). It is a simple protocol with the total time of extraction being about 4 hours (no need for overnight incubation). All the isolated DNA samples were stable for 4 years. I did RAPD, ISSR and gene specific marker sequencing (matK, rbcL, ITS) from the DNA.

If you want, you can find it in my profile ( )

For any further query, please feel free to contact me.

yes it is possible, alot of pH responsive nanocarriers are published that is capable to hold hydrophobic drugs like curcumin in its core.

Hi all,thank you for the answers.will definitely try that...

Yes! Please see the following RG link.

The Taphrina maculans as pathogen of turmeric has issues with bacterial contamination.

The media recommended from Butler the original author is acidified clarified potato dextrose agar or turmeric leaf decoction agar.

The isolation technique to get a pure culture is to invert the plates and fix the necrotic lesions which are fixed on the top with a fixative and the injection of the spores can give cultures freer of bacteria.

The cultures are incubated at 20 C and alternating light is used to help stimulate the sporulation.

The fungi has yeasty conidia and ascosporic stages.

Zingiber officinale

I presume that the whole discussion started from the doubt emanated from the research paper, which claimed that turmeric is a “root crop propagated by rhizomes”. Turmeric cannot be depicted as a root crop as the economic important parts are modified underground stems called stem tubers and rhizomes and not roots or root tubers.

Turmeric is an herbaceous perennial. The base of each aerial stem consists of an erect, ovoid, primary tuber, bearing several horizontal, branched daughter rhizomes, called “fingers”. The primary central tuber is often called “rounds”. All these tubers and rhizomes are modified stems and not modified roots. For propagation of turmeric, both primary tubers and rhizomes are used. In turmeric, a few tuberous roots may also be produced. These are produced at the distal ends of the normal roots after they have grown to a length of about 5-10 cm. Generally, 2-4 tuberous roots are formed from each plant. The primary tubers (rounds) as well as rhizomes (fingers) are used economically in various ways, but mainly as a condiment. The tuberous roots have no economic use but rejected as wastes while cleaning the fingers.

Crops can be classified based on many criteria. A common classification is based on the primary product, which decides the use. According to this scheme, certain crops are classified as “roots and tubers”. These are rich sources of carbohydrates and are commonly used as food for humans, feed for livestock and as industrial purposes such as starch and alcohol. Among tuber crops, both root and stem tubers are included. Potato, yams, sweet potato, cassava, taro, tannia, carrot, radish, and beetroot are the major crops coming under this group.

Turmeric is put under the group “spices and condiments”( not as tuber or rhizome because of the difference in primary use) , which are food adjuvants added to make the foodstuffs tastier, add flavour and aroma. In general, ‘condiments’ are cooked along with the foodstuffs and ‘spices’ are added after cooking. Pepper, cinnamon, cardamom, allspice, clove, and ginger are the major spices and turmeric, coriander, and cumin are the major condiments.

If any of you still say that turmeric is a root crop, I will simply give up!

Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), also called diferuloylmethane, is the main natural polyphenol found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and in others Curcuma spp. Proximate analysis shows nutrients like phosphorous , potassium , calcium and iron are involved...

Some interesting PDFs are enclosed for referal...

Fred Benu I presume you didn't finish your answer and were about to mention pesticides to kill these insects, being the toxins left in the soils

The most dangerous bacteria are the bacteria of the colon, or the so-called bacteria of poogeolone poisoning or E. coli, which remain in food in case of failure to follow the safety procedures and sanitary conditions to be present in food as well as cleaner materials and food preparation

use a filter compressed with activated carbon

if you have another reagent such as plumbum acetate or aluminum chloride for spectrophotometric analysis of flavonoid determination

the answer I found: ethanol is main solvent in plant extraction and widely used in curcumin example. According to Katarzyna Waszkowiak's paper published in European Food Research and Technology journal, in 2016, ethanol - water mixture with 60-40% (v,v) is the best solvent for extraction.

Iulia

we usually use 10 % DMSO as solvent for the stock solution.

Curcumin is small molecular weight polyphenolic compound and lipophillic in nature. This active constituent of turmeric is isolated from curcuma longa and it provides colour to turmeric. Curcumin has various medicinal properties and shows Antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anticancer activities. It has been observed that the chemical composition of most of the herbs changes with geographical region which may be due to climatic conditions and biochemical variations. The present work deals with phytochemical investigation of the turmeric rhizomes obtained from Bhandara District and determination of its curcumin content. Curcumin was isolated from turmeric rhizomes using reported method. The isolated curcumin was characterised by UV, FTIR and TLC methods. Calibration curve can be plotted using different concentration values of curcumin versus their respective absorbances. The regression equation obtained for the straight line was y=0.1595x-0.0229, where x is concentration and y is the absorbance. The correlation coefficient was 0.9964, indicating good linearity

 Ramesh Chandra thanks for the suggestion.

While preparation of media for growing minirhizomes, the nutritional management can be done as you have suggested. But pilot testing will be required. Thank you Dr. Paul for suggestions.

Curcumin belongs to the ‘diaryl heptanoid’ group of secondary metabolites, generally distributed in Curcuma species, but not confined to the genus Curcuma. Curcuma longa (turmeric), one of the major sources of curcumin contains nearly 5% (dry weight basis) curcumin, while in other Curcuma species, the percentage is comparatively less. Generally, the more the yellow colour, the curcumin content is high. We have found that in a south Indian endemic Curcuma species, Curcuma raktakanta, the curcumin content is only 0.042 %. In Curcuma ecalcarata, another south Indian endemic Curcuma species, though curcumin was also there, the significant compound was trans, trans-1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-4,6-heptadiene-3-one, another diaryl heptanoid (Rameshkumar et al., Curcuma ecalcarata- New natural source of pinocembrin and piperitenone. Natural Product Research. 2014. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.994210). In addition to diarylheptanoids, diarylpentanoids, steroids, triterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and monoterpenoids were also reported from Curcuma species.

You can easily separate curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis demethoxy curcumin through column chromatography or preparative TLC of Curcuma longa rhizome methanol extract (TLC Solvent system: CHCl3: MeOH (9.5:0.5). The top most compound in TLC is curcumin, the middle one is demethoxy curcumin and the bottom one is bis demethoxy curcumin (see the attached figure).

You can try ethanol in both graphene oxide (perhaps use the sonicator to make absolute sure) and curcumin. 

There are other solvents you can study - attached is a link titled '.A Study of Stable Graphene Oxide Dispersions in Various Solvents'

Hope that helps.

Dear Prabhakaran Selvam

The article is: "Review of Natural Compounds for Potential Skin Cancer Treatment". Best regards

DEAR RASHEDUL ISLAM

FROM MY OBSERVATION AND EVEN  SURFING THROUGH AVAILABLE LITERATURE ON INDIVIDUAL HERBS MY OPINION IS  CURCUMA LONGA,ALTHEAEA OFFICINALIS ALOE VERA ARE MOST EFFECTIVE FOR WOUND HEALING AMONGS THESE FIVE HERBS.

DR AJAY

Dear Dr. Sarma,

I have not been able to find a source for pure amadaldehyde. I do not think Extrasynthese has one for sale. I have enclosed the reference to the article that describes in detail the sequential extraction, and the identification of the structure of amadaldehyde by UV, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and MS. It list all the experimental details, spectral data, including the UV max. You might want to contact the authors to see if they could share a pure sample with you. Best wishes in your research!

Hi Sepideh,

Curcumin is chemically stable in mild alkaline conditions, so the color change is completely reversible, as you will see if you re-neutralise the alkaline solution. Thus, the antimicrobial activity is not changed - there is still an equilibrium of tautomeric states, but of course where this equilibrium lies is pH dependent. Having said that, the website www.chemspider.com states the following under curcumin: 'Soluble in 0.1 M NaOH to 3 mg/mL-do not store more than 12 hours'. This suggests to me that the stability in strong alkaline conditions may be limited. When we used curcumin, we always mafe a stock solution in DMSO, in which curcumin is highly soluble. From this we would dilute into aqueous buffer for immediate usage. I think this worked best and the DMSO solution can be used for a considerable time when stored  in the fridge. I think we were able to use up to 100 micromolar in growth medium, when diluted 100-fold from DMSO (i.e 10 mM), as you don't want more than 1% of DMSO in a culture.

Fabio is right that the protonation or tautomeric state of drugs almost always influences the uptake by the target cell. In the case of curcumin, it remains neutral, so any diffusion across biomembranes would not be likely to be affected. But I think it is likely to be transported by a protein in the plasma membrane and that is likely to be pH dependent.

Because it is solubilized. At neutral or acidic pH is not soluble. Alkaline conditions cause the deprotonation of some of the functional groups making the molecule "more polar". It makes sense giving the pKa values (pKa1, pKa2, and pKa3 value of 7.8, 8.5, and 9.0, respectively, for three acidic protons, see the publication below).

The color is frequently derived from alternating single and multiple bonds. The color change in alkaline conditions could be a derived effect from the deprotonation or due to complexation (check the patent linked)

Dear Jietang,

Can you be more specific about the sequence(s) you have?...or, more specifically, what you want to do?...MEGA is an excelent software to use for alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Please let me know what you want to do and I will be happy to help.