Cupping Therapy - Science topic

Background Cupping therapy has been shown to alleviate muscle fatigue, sustain exercise capacity, enhance post-exercise recovery of autonomic activity, and improves sleep quality. However, variations in athletes’ training intensity, competition pressure, and fatigue levels throughout a sports season remain underexplored. Few studies have investigat...

Purpose: This study explored the clinical effect of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, cupping therapy, and Zhuang medicine thread moxibustion therapy on cell and molecular biomechanics within the context of sports pains and injuries. Method: Divided athletes who experienced pain and injury symptoms during training into two groups and received tr...

Background: Post herpetic neuralgia is a clinical syndrome of pain. cupping is one of the common forms of cam and one of the therapies that recently became increasingly available to the public. This age-old technique has been rediscovered in the 20th century and its popularity has seen great renaissance. Therapeutic effects of cupping therapy pay...

Outcome of Cupping Therapy on Patients with Post Herpetic Neuralgia Attending Integrative Medicine Research Clinic at Suez Canal University Hospitals

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition marked by systemic inflammation and elevated levels of biomarkers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid, and rheumatoid factor (RF). This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of blood cupping (Al-Hijama) on these inflammatory marke...

Medical waste management is one of the biggest challenges facing our world today, as environmentalists are increasingly concerned about the negative health effects resulting from irresponsible handling of it. although the global spread of wet cupping treatment centers, limited research available about the management of the waste generated by them....

Background and Objective: This study aimed to analyze case reports and retrospective chart reviews to identify diabetes patients’ characteristics, evaluation methods, and intervals in Korean medicine (KM) practice, providing foundational data for designing applicable clinical programs in primary KM institutions.Materials and Methods: The study incl...

Background: Shoulder injuries are common among handball players and have been associated with adjustments in shoulder mobility with decreased flexibility. The aim of the study is to analyze the immediate effects of dynamic cupping on shoulder active range of motion (AROM) of senior male handball players. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 senior...

Purpose This umbrella review aimed to review and synthesise the findings of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses analysing the effects of cupping therapy programs on musculoskeletal pain in athletes and the general population. Methods A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PEDro was per...

Objective: To determine the impact of core stabilisation exercises with and without dry cupping on aches and impairment in sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Method: The randomised controlled trial was conducted from June 15, 2022, to November 30, 2023, at the Riphah Rehabilitation Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised subjects who were randomised int...

Introduction: Hamstring flexibility is crucial for athletic performance and injury prevention. Various therapeutic techniques have been explored to improve hamstring flexibility, with dynamic cupping and Active Release Technique (ART) being two popular methods. However, limited research exists comparing the efficacy of these interventions. Need to...

Background Neurodermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterized by intense itching and skin thickening due to neurological dysfunction. Its persistent nature poses a challenge to effective treatment, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Wet cupping therapy is increasingly being used in clinics to manage neurodermatitis, so it is...

Sciatica, a prevalent and debilitating condition, is characterized by radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, often resulting from lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease. In Unani medicine, the condition is referred to as Irq-un-Nasa, considered a subtype of Waja-ul-Mafasil (joint pain). Unani texts attribute the caus...

Sports recovery is a critical component of athletic training, focusing on reducing muscle damage, alleviating fatigue, and accelerating the return to optimal performance levels. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with its holistic approach to health, plays a significant role in this domain. Cupping therapy, an ancient TCM practice, has recently ga...

Objective The present study was undertaken to understand the multitarget mechanisms of oxhorn cupping therapy (OHCT) in treating rheumatoid arthritis by proteomic analysis. Methods Thirty rheumatoid arthritis patients underwent OHCT and liquid (body fluid) accumulated in the cupping vessels was collected. Exosomes from the body fluid were isolated...

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of fire needle plus cupping (FC) combined with oral famciclovir and gabapentin for the treatment of acute-phase herpes zoster (AHZ). This study was conducted as a superiority, randomized controlled trial in which 84 patients with AHZ who met the diagnostic criteria were selected and randomly a...

Background: Assosa District is home to variety of medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge where there was no previous study on medicinal plants. The study was aimed at documenting the medicinal plants and associated knowledge emphasizing structure and relationships among plants and humans. Methods: About 58 regular and 18 healers were...

The Community Service Program (KKN) conducted by the seventh cohort of STIBA Makassar students in Lekopancing Village, Maros Regency, exemplifies a tangible implementation of the community service pillar within the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. This initiative aims to empower the village community through a systematic and needs-based approach. Th...

Background Tension-type headache (TTH) is among the most common primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent episodes that are difficult to manage, thus posing a significant public health challenge. Acupuncture, a well-recognized non-pharmacological treatment, is frequently employed for pain management, including TTH. However, the variety...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disorder with worldwide distribution. The word psoriasis is derived from the Greek word psora which means itch and iasis mean action Da-us-sadaf is derived from two words da means disease and sadaf means oyster shell. In the unani system of medicine, psoriasis is described in various headings s...

This comprehensive literature review consolidates findings from 11 diverse scholarly articles exploring the efficacy of cupping therapy as an anti-inflammatory intervention. The review encompasses studies investigating various clinical applications and experimental models to delineate the therapy's anti-inflammatory effects. The research method uti...

Familial hypertriglyceridemia is a genetic disorder marked by excessive production of very low-density lipoproteins, resulting in elevated serum triglyceride levels. This can lead to various medical conditions including acute pancreatitis. In cases of recurrence, it may progress to chronic pancreatitis. Cupping therapy, a traditional treatment prac...

Seiring bertambahnya usia timbul perubahan sebagai akibat proses menua, salah satunya pada sistem kardiovaskular yang mengakibatkan lansia cenderung mengalami kenaikan tekanan darah dan mengidap hipertensi. Salah satu terapi komplementer yang bermafaat dalam mencegah dan mengurangi penyakit kardiovaskular dengan menurunkan tekanan darah salah satun...

Introduction: Hamstring flexibility is crucial for athletic performance and injury prevention. Various therapeutic techniques have been explored to improve hamstring flexibility, with dynamic cupping and Active Release Technique (ART) being two popular methods. However, limited research exists comparing the efficacy of these interventions. Need to...

Worldwide cupping therapy is used and in Islam term Al-hijamah (Hijamah) also called as prophetic medicine is used in place of cupping therapy. Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him ) said, the best among your treatments is Al-hijamah (Hijamah) as it is a promising excretory treatment to clear blood of causative pathological substances. It is a...

Class II and class III malocclusions represent common yet complex dental conditions that affect both aesthetics and function. Managing these malocclusions requires an approach tailored to the patient's growth stage, with early interventions focusing on growth modification and adult cases often necessitating surgical solutions. In class II malocclus...

Complementary therapy has recently gained popularity in several countries, with some therapies widely used for disease prevention and treatment. Blood cupping is one such complementary therapy for hypertension. According to hadith, the optimal time for blood cupping is during the mid-Hijri months to manage blood pressure. This study aims to assess...

Maintaining good kidney health is of paramount importance for the overall well-being and longevity of an individual., The exploration of complementary and alternative therapeutic practices to support overall health including renal function is a subject of growing interest over the years. Cupping therapy is an example of such intervention which has...

Background: Cholesterol is the most well-known sterol. The body produces two types of cholesterol, namely good cholesterol or High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and bad cholesterol or Low-density Lipoprotein. Both types of cholesterol are needed by the body, but hypercholesterolemia occurs when there is too much cholesterol in the blood. Many people co...

Hypertension, a medical condition characterized by chronically elevated blood pressure, is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Although asymptomatic in its early stages, hypertension can lead to serious complications in the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Cupping therapy is a complementary treatment modality that has be...

Background: Non-specific neck pain is commonly associated with reduced cervical spine range of motion, often implicating the trapezius muscle. Comparative studies on the effectiveness of cross frictional massage and myofascial cupping therapy are limited, particularly in terms of pain relief and mobility improvement. Objective: This study aims to e...

Latar Belakang: Terapi komplementer bekam juga dikenal sebagai terapi cupping, adalah praktik pengobatan tradisional yang telah digunakan selama ribuan tahun di berbagai budaya. Kenyataanya masih banyak masyarakat yang belum begitu mengenal dan dapat merasakan pengobatan komplementer bekam secara langsung Tujuan: Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini ad...

A 23-year-old man with a history of untreated atopic dermatitis (AD) presented with a headache and fever. The patient history revealed that he purchased a medical cupping kit on the internet and performed cupping therapy at the flexion of the right elbow joint without disinfecting. Brain computed tomography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the r...

This study examines the application of cupping therapy in the context of Thibb al-Nabawi, or the medicine of Prophet Muhammad saw. The author uses qualitative methods and field research to analyze the benefits of cupping therapy and its relevance in the modern era. Cupping, or al-hija>mah, is a traditional method that removes stagnant blood or toxi...

Supraspinatus tendinosis is a common source of shoulder pain. This tendinopathy is in most cases caused by an impingement of the supraspinatus tendon on the acromion as it passes between the acromion and the humeral head. Pain, and a decrease in range of motion, strength and functionality are the main complaints that accompany this injury. Being on...

Cupping therapy, a traditional Chinese medicinal practice, has been subjected to scientific scrutiny to validate its effects on local tissue microenvironments. This study provides a quantitative assessment of cupping therapy at different negative pressures using photoacoustic imaging. Low-pressure cupping (-20 kPa) significantly improved local bloo...

Background Cupping therapy has been indicated effective in reducing muscle fatigue after 24 h based on the spectral analyses of surface electromyography (sEMG). However, there is no sufficient evidence showing changes of sEMG nonlinear indexes at more time points after cupping therapy. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the intervention timings of...

Al-hijamah, or cupping therapy, uses a cupping device to vacuum suction the skin. The recommendation and virtues of cupping are found in various hadiths of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). It has been used traditionally for centuries and is gaining recognition for its potential health benefits, especially in women'...

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a prevalent problem in gynecology affecting the quality of life for young women. This medical condition is often responsible for the absence of young women from school or work, increasing the risk of developing hyperemesis gravidarum in the future. Furthermore, PD causes pain due to the activation of the local PGF2α pat...

Wet cupping has been shown in several studies to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. However, the mechanism of action remains unknown, limiting its use as a complementary non-pharmacological treatment. This study aims to examine the effect of wet cupping on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and nitric oxide levels in hyp...

Hypertension is one of the silent killer diseases because patients often do not feel the symptoms. Therapies that are commonly applied are pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, which include complementary medicine. These complementary therapies play a role in promoting healing, comfort and care around the world. One of the treatments u...

Objectives: Cupping therapy is a widely used complementary medicine for the treatment of migraine headaches globally. However, conflicting evidence exists on its effectiveness. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cupping therapy in treating migraine headache disorder. Methods: Seven databases were systematically searched: PubMed/MEDLINE, Clinic...

There is insufficient quantitative data available on the characteristics of research conducted on cupping therapy. This insufficiency complicates our ability to achieve a more profound understanding of the subject. The primary aim of this work was to assess the outcome of clinical studies outputs in cupping therapy and discuss methodological gaps....

Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) remain a major public health problem. However, information is limited about these infections among HD patients in Yemen. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among HD patients in th...

In recent years, global warming has led to regionally high temperatures, causing lasting and extreme impacts in some areas of China. Cases of heat stroke and even fatalities have been seen in many parts of the country. Traditional Chinese medicine considers heat stroke to be a type of summerheat stroke, which belongs to the extreme heat of the Yang...

Hypertension is a widespread health problem and is often called a "silent killer" because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people don't realize they have it. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of alkahil point cupping therapy and acupuncture therapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Karangbong...

Mankind has been familiar with poisons since ancient times. On the other hand, there is a wealth of knowledge in the medical books including medieval works of Middle Eastern polymaths such as Avicenna, “al-Rāzī,” and “Ṯābit Ibn Qurrah.” This study presented and analyzed the knowledge of medical toxicology in one of the mainstay works of “Ṯābit Ibn...

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that poses a growing public health concern, with its prevalence increasing annually. High levels of total cholesterol are a risk factor for hypertension because cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in blood vessels. Over time, this plaque can thicken, harden the blood vessels, and cause block...

Background: This randomized clinical and haematological study evaluated the effect of Hijama-Bil-Shart (Wet Cupping) on musculoskeletal pain and inflammatory markers in venous and cupped blood. Materials and Methods: 110 patients with musculoskeletal pain were screened, with 90 diagnosed and included. After 30 subjects were lost to follow-up, 60 co...

Infertilitas merupakan masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang sering diabaikan. Salah satu keluhan yang biasa terjadi pada wanita usia subur dengan infertilitas yaitu dismenore. Dismenore adalah nyeri atau kram pada perut dan punggung bawah selama mesntruasi yang merupakan indikasi ketidakseimbangan hormonal dan masalah ovarium yang dapat menganggu kesu...

Background In general, rheumatologists often have limited knowledge regarding the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among patients with rheumatic diseases. Understanding the prevalence, reasons for use, and perceived benefits of CAM can help improve patient care and guide clinical practices. This study aimed to assess the prevalen...

The research undertaken has provided a comprehensive insight into the practice of cupping therapy, a traditional treatment modality that has seen resurgence in. modern complementary medicine. This exploration, focusing on a spectrum of. Conditions such as migraines, lower back pain, neck pain, knee osteoarthritis, and chronic urticaria, highlights...

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders account for 17% of all years that young adults worldwide have lived with a disability and are one of the main global causes of disability, making them the most common source of severe long-term pain and physical impairment. Even though these conditions are complex, 30–40% of musculoskeletal complaints among...

Background: Since ancient times, Unani physicians have controlled certain illnesses by altering the metabolic process using a variety of therapeutic approaches. Some treatment tenets have been promoted by Ibne-sina (Avicenna). Regimenal therapy is a fundamental approach to treatment that aims to eradicate sick matter, control excessive production,...

Aims and objectives: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) encompasses all forms of therapies that fall outside the mainstream of medical practice. Wet cupping, also known as Al Hijamah therapy, is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a prominent area within the realm of alternative medicine. Its increasing awareness among ge...

Rumah Therapi Sehat is a service business operating in the field of traditional health therapy located in Kutai Barat Regency, East Kalimantan. It offers various therapy services such as cupping therapy, chiropractic therapy, acupuncture, zone reflexology massage, and SPA (massage, body scrubs, and facial acupressure), committed to providing fast s...

Background: Fishermen are community groups requiring special attention. The characteristics of a stressful job, unhealthy diet, and environmental and weather conditions are risk factors for hypertension and increased triglycerides. Wet cupping therapy is expected to improve imbalance in triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and pulse rate in fisherm...

Introduction This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the relationship between spiritual well-being, disease perception, and disease adaptation in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods The sample consisted of 340 patients admitted to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a city hospital in southern Turkey between January...

Every disease has a cure, this is a form that must be done by humans so that efforts when stricken by disease. If all diseases have a cure, then easily a person will become healthy. Maintaining health is a choice for humans. Someone in maintaining their health has various ways ranging from regulating diet, exercise patterns, regulating rest periods...

Ulleung County, one of the most medically vulnerable areas in South Korea, requires public attention because of the high incidence of liver cancer. This study was conducted as a part of the Ulleung Liver Cancer Prevention and Management Project. The purpose of this study was to estimate the community prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and to i...

Background and objective The use of alternative medicine (AM) is rising globally. Hence this study aimed to assess the Use of and Satisfaction with Alternative Medicine in the management of headache and Related Factors in Individuals, living in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2023 using an online q...

Background: Piriformis syndrome is characterized by discomfort in the buttocks and throughout the course of the sciatic nerve. Dry needling modulates pain perception, disrupts pain signaling pathways, and induces local tissue responses. Cupping therapy facilitates localized blood flow, lymphatic drainage, and tissue oxygenation to alleviate muscula...

A skeletal Class III malocclusion can be treated with orthopaedic camouflage either with Face mask or Chin cup therapy or extraction of premolar, and orthognathic surgical method depending on the complexity of skeletal and dental manifestation that Class III malocclusion had. Skeletal Class III malocclusion can be treated with Accurate treatment pl...

Cupping therapy is a popular intervention for improving muscle recovery after exercise although clinical evidence is weak. Previous studies demonstrated that cupping therapy may improve microcirculation of the soft tissue to accelerate tissue healing. However, it is unclear whether the cupping size could affect the spatial hemodynamic response of t...

Alopecia areata, or Indralupt in Ayurveda, is a dermatological condition characterized by localized, non-scarring hair loss. It presents as circular or oval patches of baldness, primarily affecting the scalp. While its exact cause remains unclear, autoimmune factors are thought to play a significant role. Management typically involves a combination...

Background Severe pneumonia (SP) stands as one of the most prevalent critical illnesses encountered in clinical practice, characterised by its rapid onset and progression, numerous complications and elevated mortality rates. While modern medical interventions primarily focus on symptomatic management such as anti-infective therapy and mechanical ve...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of medical residents working at a faculty of medicine hospital about Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM). Material-Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted with clinical science assistants working at the faculty of medicine between 15 Ju...

Background: The rheumatic condition fibromyalgia syndrome is marked by extensive pain, and tender points, with accompanying complaints such as stiffened muscles, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, along with dyspnea, exhaustion, and other cardio-respiratory related dysfunction. This study's goal was to determine the effect of dry cupping inter...

Introduction & Aim: Vocational High School (SMK) is a secondary education level organized to prepare graduates to enter the world of work. Vocational School's flagship program is to make graduates professional, ready, and skilled to synergize with the world of work, and are nursing assistants with specialization skills as caregivers. This community...

Background: The word Hijama is derived from Arabic means to suckle and restore to normal state of internal equilibrium. Cupping therapy is one of the alternative and conventional therapies, which have significant association and beneficial in some clinical conditions such as Lower back pain, neck and shoulder pain, headache and migraine, knee pain...

Background Cupping therapy is an alternative treatment that uses a small glass cup to suck the skin with a needle and has been used to manage skin problems and pain. However, serious complications have been reported. Herein, we describe a case of intracranial mycotic aneurysm rupture after cupping therapy. Case Description A 25-year-old male patie...

Background/objective The practice of complementary and alternative medicine has significantly gained acceptance worldwide, such as Al-Hijama, also known as cupping therapy. Despite the growing popularity of therapeutic cupping among athletes, little is known about the impact of cupping therapy on sports fields. The current study was designed to exp...

Background: Traditional forms of therapy include cupping with wet and dry cupping as the two distinct forms of it. In wet cupping, tiny incisions or skin scarring are made with a lancet or knife and then strong suction is applied for five to seven minutes whereas in dry cupping, cups are placed on the skin and negative pressure is applied using a h...

The objectives were to investigate whether cupping therapy improves muscle quality and the interaction between duration and negative pressure of cupping therapy affects muscle quality. A 2×2 factorial design with repeated measures was used to examine the efficacy of cupping therapy on improving muscle quality. The independent factors were cupping p...

Familial hypertriglyceridemia is a genetic disorder marked by excessive production of very low-density lipoproteins, resulting in elevated serum triglyceride levels. This can lead to various medical conditions, including acute pancreatitis. In cases of recurrence, it may progress to chronic pancreatitis. Cupping therapy, a traditional treatment pra...

Aims & Objective: Wearing high heels regularly can lead to biomechanical issues, including tight calf muscles and shorter gastrocnemius muscle fascicles, which compromise musculoskeletal health, affect gait and balance, and heighten the risk of falls. This study compares the effects of two interventions, Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization...

Indian Costus species has been mentioned as an herbal remedy for infections in Islamic, Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) literature as well. Using the Indian costus to treat disease is one of the cross-cultural practices, just like cupping therapy and meditation. This would mean that it is safe and beneficial. In the saying (Hadith)...

Klinik Araştırma Türleri Ayşegül SAKİN Geleneksel Çin Tıbbı Kubilay KARABOYUN Ginseng Jamshid HAMDARD Zerdeçal Ekstresi (Kurkumin/Turmeric) Saadet SİM YILDIRIM Kara Kohoş Otu (Cimicifuga Racemosa) Merve ÖZKAN Ekinezya (Echinacea Purpurea) Abdussamet ÇELEBİ Gingko Biloba Mert ERCİYESTEPE Flavonoidler Aslı GEÇGEL Yeşil Çay (Camellia Sinensis) Berkan...

Meniere's disease is defined by the presence of three essential symptoms: episodic vertigo, tinnitus, and sensorineural hearing loss. The mainstay of its management constitutes lifestyle modification and medical and surgical therapies. Cupping therapy is an ancient treatment that is still widely used especially in the Middle East, Africa, and the U...

Background: Cupping therapy is one of the traditional medical technologies practiced for thousands of years. it might have some additional benefits on early rehabilitation for post-stroke complications. Aim of the work: to examine if the use of cupping technique as a therapeutic model in treatment of discogenic low back pain has a significant impac...

Scar formation is a natural part of the healing process after CS. This process, lasting up to two years, depends on the number of factors including type of incision, wound size, the person's age, body weight, health condition, and many others. Abnormal scarring should not be treated only as a cosmetic defect or superficial tissue defects. Functiona...

Introduction Chronic low back pain is a common musculoskeletal healthcare presentation with an expense of over $100 billion annually. The clinical effect of myofascial cupping on pain and function is not clear, especially when different cupping techniques are combined. The purpose of this case series was to explore changes in pain and function foll...

Objective: We explored the clinical effect of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, cupping therapy, and Zhuang medicine thread moxibustion therapy on sports pains and injuries to explain this comprehensive therapy’s treatment mechanism from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine and Zhuang medicine on the mechanism of Qi, blood, and body f...

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the fifth cause of death. In addition to death and disability, it turns out that other effects of stroke disease can experience sleep disturbances and problems, so the quality of sleep becomes poor and can affect the degree of disability in stroke patients, so it is necessary to undergo ther...

Background: Trapezitis is one of the common inflammatory conditions seen among college going students dueto prolonged poor posture stressful neck movement. Students with Trapezitis usually complaints of pain anddifficulty in activities of daily living. Myofascial release technique can be defined as a soft tissue mobilizationtechnique that reduce tr...

Background The aim of this study is to explore and illustrate the focal points concerning acupuncture’s impact on microcirculation and hemorheology over the past 26 years, and to identify future directions in this field. Methods Data in this area were gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Employing CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimag...

Background Physical and psychological interventions could affect the quality of life (QoL) of women with infertility. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dry cupping and counselling with the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) approach on fertility QoL and conception success in infertile women due to polycystic ovar...