Science topic

Cultural Politics - Science topic

Explore the latest questions and answers in Cultural Politics, and find Cultural Politics experts.
Questions related to Cultural Politics
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
2 answers
  • What are the basic foundations for development of the new methodology and practical application for multilateral cooperation?
  • What are the most critical questions in social, economic, cultural and political spheres to be addressed for production of research based policy recommendations and action points?
  • Which actors might be regarded as the major stakeholders in the emerging multilateral world?
  • Is there a need to redefine the key stakeholders and institutions of the past, or should a new dimension of the old paradigm be introduced?
  • Is there a way to make multilateral cooperation between responsible stakeholders a win-win strategy in the situation of global uncertainty?
  • What are the major outlooks of the possible futures in multipolar world development perspective?
  • Which innovative experiences and initiatives contribute most to formation of multilateral cooperation and provide independent platforms for advice on global issues?
  • How to engage in multilateral and equal dialogue policy makers and actors not only from Western countries?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Andrey Filippov the multipolarity is marked by the existence of distinct actors, not only the nation-states as the “international player”, but also numerous non-state actors with global projection. Therefore, multipolarityrequires the coordination of political practices based on certain principles such as balance between powers, interdependence and solidarity, to achieve consensus in terms of global governance.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
18 answers
As you all know, this pandemic has taken a major toll on the entire global community. In some societies, people do abide by COVID protective measures. Yet, in other societies people are resistant (or do not want to abide).What sort of messaging and media material or campaigns would convince the public to abide by the measures? Let's please discuss this!
Ideas I have:
  • Campaign that shows the scary side of advanced COVID cases
  • Strict law enforcement, and making public displays of arresting those who do not abide by measures
What ideas do you have?
Relevant answer
Melissa Lux Try to evoke examples of individuals who are opposed to wearing masks, and who have changed their resistance after being infected with COVID-19 or one of their relatives.
But if he remains on his opposition, you should run!
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
8 answers
Most of the societies across the world are going through doldrums and pathetic situations especially when it comes the homogeneity of these societies.  Even we try to understand the global phenomenon is not much more different case we are also divided at global level. The major point of clash is ideological clash. Even sometimes ideological clashes change into war type of situations. Hence, it is paramount to understand what kind of vision the global leadership have to develop in order to come out from this sort of morass of ideological compartmentalization. On the other side if we try to understand the phenomenon of diversity is crucial for understanding one another. However, we cannot build in the entire world one ideological system that is true. But then how we can can achieve peace in the atmosphere of ideological clashes. What sort of policies and ideas we have to develop in the present globalized world thereby we could reach some sort of consensus. Civilisational dialogue may be the one method but there may be some other methods about which I need holistic picture from your side. Need good feedback from anyone. 
Relevant answer
Answer
Should we write a new book?
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
2 answers
Here I need an equation or ideas to narrow the left view on ranking and categorization system and to widen the right view on ranking and categorization system.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Mohammad,
Could you please provide a more precise question? (Context of research?) What (I think) I see is: you are interested in 'category generation'. Have you read the tons of reinforcement learning books out there how categories are learned? Or the literature on 'category generation' models (e.g. SUSTAIN)? Or the "Bayesian approach" asking/formalizing where category hypotheses come from? (The last one looks like the answer to your question on a superficial level.)
Best, René
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
54 answers
What do you think and what are you doing to eradicate poverty?
Relevant answer
Answer
I think, hard-working solidarity and unity supported by technology-based inquiry eradicate poverty. Moreover, the world great thinkers shift from Negativism world to positivism to get new insight.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
2 answers
So far I have got a primary impression on the existing studies on 'stigma' in the context on Bangladesh is mostly focused on the aspects of 'public health' issues. But, in real life, stigmas are diversified in many ways based on different social, cultural, political and economic situations. I feel, it is really very important to address this complex issue from the theoretical perspectives of Sociology & Anthropology. Hence I am projecting on a probable in-depth understanding on stigma(s) in Bangladesh from Sociological & Anthropological perspectives, I need to explore & learn first if there is any similar/relative study(s) have been done yet.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks for your support.
I think that paper you suggested is a good one but not that much related to my quarries. Anyway, I am optimistic to receive similar responses from researchers like you.
Best wishes,
Samiul
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
9 answers
The European take on this is uniformly negative
And yet in Britain he seems unstoppable. Every Tory will come behind him as they fear oblivion at the hands of Farage or Corbyn.
Labour voters think he is 'fun' and may vote for him. Remember he defeated Ken Livingston for Mayor of London when he had a 20% lead.
Can anyone explain this?
Relevant answer
Answer
unfortunately, yes
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
The case of the Chinese peasant
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello. It's very important question
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
Someone, many many years ago wrote:
"[T]he temporal lords are supposed to govern lands and people outwardly. This they leave undone. They can do no more than strip and fleece, heap tax upon tax and tribute upon tribute, letting loose here a bear and there a wolf. Besides this, there is no justice, integrity, or truth to be found among them. They behave worse than any thief or scoundrel, and their temporal rule has sunk quite as low as that of the spiritual tyrants. . . . " (M.L.)
Relevant answer
Answer
I cannot see how the temporal lords with lord over people with justice and integrity over the long haul.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
2 answers
I am working on a research about crisis communication for global NGOs where there is one centralized headquarters and different country offices. I have run into some questions that I hope someone can help me answer.
When formulating key crisis communication messages, how can they ensure that all different offices maintain a consistent voice? How do they ensure neutral messaging that respects different stakeholder needs and cultural/political differences?
Relevant answer
Answer
This is such a large topic that it is almost impossible to answer in a short post.
I suggest that you look into the principles of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC). One of the central tenets of IMC is that all messages from an organization must be consistent with each other, but this is not done to having a bottleneck to approve every message. It is done to engaging and including all of the different elements in the company in the process of developing messages and message strategies. I think that the same would be true of IMC in an NGO.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
4 answers
Hello! You that are related to agroecology:
Do you know of any report on measuring the impact of local sustainable or alternative markets?
That is, if you know of a case in any part of the world where the benefits in economic, social, cultural, political, environmental, etc. terms have been documented / evaluated.
Or someone who can know?
Relevant answer
Answer
Local foods and local markets are ready markets to meet consumer needs. Direct sale by farmers through farmers market needs promotion.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
20 answers
" The FTC [US Federal Trade Commission] takes very seriously recent press reports raising substantial concerns about the privacy practices of Facebook,” said Tom Pahl, acting director of the FTC’s bureau of consumer protection in a statement on Monday noting that the investigation would include whether the company engaged in “unfair acts that cause substantial injury to consumers”.
See
Relevant answer
Answer
In terms of ethical practices, I’m really surprised, but in terms of fact of reality, in terms of who owns and has the control over the mean, and who owns and has the control over the personal data before first time sharing it on Facebook platform, I am not surprised at all.
The fact is that Facebook own and control the platform, while the users own their personal information and they have the control over this information, at first, to share it or not on Facebook platform.
What is in fact shocking rather than surprising is selling the data.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
91 answers
Donald Trump, Silvio Berlusconi, Marine Le Pen, Hugo Chávez—populists are on the rise across the globe we are told. But what exactly is populism? Should everyone who criticizes Wall Street or Washington be called a populist? What precisely is the difference between right-wing and left-wing populism? Does populism bring government closer to the people or is it a threat to democracy?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Ronaldo and readers,
My reference to "the U.S. self-perception of being the Land of the Free" is not an anti-Americanism.
I write from constitutional law, historical and financial perspectives. In my view, the U.S. Constitution is uniquely virtuous. In at least one important respect it is to be preferred even to the federal constitution of Switzerland.
Without hesitation I will say that the 50 American States bound in union comprise a great country and a great people.
This praise for the most part does not extend to the U.S. executive branch, the prominent Washington think tanks, or the Bretton Woods institutions - although I certainly do not altogether condemn those institutions, either. In Switzerland I am likewise critical of the federal government and of certain international organizations located in this country.
As the framers of the U.S. Constitution well realized, the greatest threat to the U.S. Constitution is the U.S. government. That is a unique and inspired insight. It is the responsibility of the American people to defend the U.S. Constitution. Recent failures to do so have proved catastrophic not only for the American people but also for peoples in other regions of the world.
I hope this clarifies my perspective. In case of doubt, please ask again.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
6 answers
I need your comments and insightful opinion about the evolution of violence especially violence against women and vulnerable groups.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Awal Hossain Mollah,
One important aspect of how violence has evolved over the course of human history is related to the interplay of violence and social order. In modern western societies the relation of violence and social order is deeply related and intertwined with the development and diffusion of organizations. At least this can be seen and discussed as an important aspect of this.
If you are interested in the relation between violence and social order in human history a good reading is the following book:
North, D. C., et al. (2009). Violence and social order. A conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history. New York, Cambridge University Press.
Even if I do not share all aspects of this book - especially the development of the so called open access societies has to be critically discussed - the book highlights convincingly the development of violence in relation to the question of social order.
Best,
Arnold
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
2 answers
At the moment I will not give my opinion so as not to contaminate the discussion. I will just say that, as a scientific term, "mobbing" is understood in ornithology and ethology as a mechanism of protection and conservation of the species, whereas in psychology and social sciences in general it is understood as a form of violence exercised to exclude and / or destroy selected individuals. So far, in the specialized literature on workplace mobbing I have not known the opinion of any ornithologist or ethologist regarding the change in the purpose when applied to humans, but apparently the similarity of observable behaviors has fostered the belief that is the same phenomenon. I believe that their views may lead to an interesting analysis and of course enrich the understanding of the phenomenon, both among animals and among humans.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Filipe Cristovão Ribeiro da Cunha
I appreciate your comments very much. I decided to wait for some more opinions, but months passed and there was no success. I appreciate and respect your stance, but I differ from it and here I submit my arguments:
a) The vast majority of the texts I have found, both from the ornithological and the ethological perspectives, coincide in registering and understanding mobbing as a mechanism whose fundamental purpose is to protect and conserve individuals and the species. Therefore, I assume that this fact is, in general, hardly questionable (a simple search on the internet allows to locate a large number of specialized texts).
b) So far I have not found any argumentation / explanation in the specialized literature on workplace mobbing that strongly justifies the change of the purpose of this collective behavior in the scientific disciplines that have studied it (from being a defensive, protective and conservation mechanism in ornithology and ethology, to being a form of violence that seeks the exclusion and / or destruction of a particular individual in disciplines such as psychology, medicine, sociology, anthropology, etc.). If you know any, I'll thank you very much for telling me which one it is.
c) I must mention that, so far, among ornithologists and ethologists, the only author I have found who apparently came to think that the term was applicable to human beings is Konrad Lorenz, but he does not support that idea! In both On Agression (Chapter 5, pp. 76 / 92 in Spanish book - something that I learned recently thanks to a book that I am translating) and Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins (Chapter 8, pp. 83-84 / 48 in Spanish PDF) he only affirms. He does not develop, he does not argue, he does not explain this idea, he only poses it as a fact, in a few lines.
d) It seems to me that an essential part of the problem is due to the fact that the observable behavior in both animals and humans is similar: a group against an individual. Apparently it was very simple to take the term as is. But beyond that, if we observe and analyze each phenomenon more closely, there are multiple differences regarding how and why they occur, which is largely due to its purpose (see my essay Mobbing: ¿debemos seguir llamándolo así? Lorenz y Leymann revisitados, available in Spanish here in RG).
e) Therefore, particularly in science, using the same term to refer to two different phenomena is a conceptual error, or at least an important confusion that requires attention. We are building knowledge and I believe, respectfully, that we must be more careful.
Due to the above, I am very surprised that in all these years (almost 40 years, since physician Peter Paul Heinemann introduced the term in Sweden, in 1969) apparently no ornithologist or ethologist has commented on it. And that brings me to the simplest question: why?
In view of the above I came to RG, in order to discuss and find answers. I think it is necessary to find an appropriate name for the phenomenon of violence that occurs between human beings (which is not easy, since it is a complex phenomenon), and to leave unchanged the one destined for birds and other animals.
Thank you very much for your time, Filipe. And if you want to continue the discussion, what you want to contribute is welcome.
Greetings, good end of the year and better 2018. See you soon.
Sincerely,
Psych. Sergio Navarrete Vázquez
December 27th 2017
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
5 answers
Hi everybody,
we are in the process of planning a publication that is aiming to point out the basic foundations and practice potential of improvisation from an interdisciplinary point of view. Which aspects would you like to be added to the below listed alphabetic content samples? Looking forward to suggestions from many different perspectives such as Media and Communication, Cultural Studies, Arts, Cybernetics, Epistemology, Cognitive Research, Philosophy, Pedagogy, Psychology, Medicine, Management, Organization, Politics, Anthropology...
Editors: Leon Tsvasman & Martin A. M. Gansinger
Proposed titles:
Foundations of Improvisation. Compendium for Best Practice.
The Interdisciplinary Directory of Improvisation. Concepts and Practice Potential.
The Large Handbook of Improvisation. Best Practice, Concepts and Foundations.
Aim: to contribute to the emancipation/legitimation/acceptance of the improvisational principle in socially relevant areas such as education, culture, politics, and economy – using the innovative and interdisciplinary approach of a concise compendium focused on extemporaneous concepts and practices
Need for publication: contribution to the improvement of interdisciplinary grounded, improvisation-based forms of communication, organization, and learning in accordance with an increasingly interconnected/participative/media-supported society
Usability:
independent learning for better personal orientation in relevant areas of practice and individual creative activity
● didactic relevance regarding the possible incorporation of extemporaneous techniques and improvisational practices in the context of innovative working- and learning-environments: interactive teaching, group tasks, project-related tasks, presentations etc.
● application of derived improvisational principles in the fields of management, economy, culture, and politics: providing concepts for differentiated perspectives on organizational, operational and performative tasks
Unique Selling Point: high didactic and economic relevance, based on a unique conceptual approach using a constructivist-inspired, cybernetically justified, epistemological structure that has already been utilized for ''Das grosse Lexikon Medien und Kommunikation'' (Ergon, 2006):
● Definition of term
● Positioning
● Inherent aspects
● Practical context
● Ethical, political, economic, didactic aspects
● Outlook and perspectives
Contributors:
Next to a number of self-authored lemmata within the range of their own expertise and disciplinary borders, the editors rely on a network of valuable contributors from various fields, consisting of authors for ‘‘Das grosse Lexikon Medien und Kommunikation’’ and international researchers of improvisation.
Content samples:
Acting
Actuality
Allopoiesis
Attention
Anticipation
Autopoiesis
Awareness
Cognition
Consciousness
Consistency
Experience
Extemporarity
Extempore speech
Implicit knowledge
Improvisation
Incorporation
Integrated learning
Interaction
Interdependency
Intersubjectivity
Intuition
Knowledge
Leadership
Learning
Mediality
Mediation
Memory
Memory-based learning
Meta-reflection
Music
Orality
Orientation Objectivity
Perception
Potentiality
Presence
Processual action
Project-based learning
Relevance
Repetition
Responsibility
Selection
Specialization
Subjectivity
Spontaneity
Standardization
Technology
Thematic improvisation
Time
Workflow
x���1
Relevant answer
Trobar (Occitan and Castillian verb).
In 16th century Spanish, there is an opposition between "metrificar de repente", i.e. during the performance, and "de pensado", i.e. previously ; both happened without recurring to writing.
Glosa (a poetic and a musical genre in 16th Century Spain)
Décima (a poetic genre that is practiced across the Spanish Speaking world)
Variation
Mimesis / Imitation (see Gregory Nagy's Poetry as Performance).
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
15 answers
media ecology, social media, propaganda
Relevant answer
Answer
There are some research paper about the issue of fake news in RG publication data base. General link follows.
Some of those research papers are:
 Fake News, Fake Problem? An Analysis of the Fake News Audience in the Lead Up to the 2016 Presidential Election
 Was tun gegen „Fake News"? Eine Analyse anhand der Entstehungsbedingungen und Wirkweisen gezielter Falschmeldungen im Internet
 Controversy and Guideline Suggestion Surrounding Fake News in the Digital Media Age
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
17 answers
Since the first world war, Russia, or USSR, and most recently The Russian federation appears to be a region that certainly presents unique features in terms of conflict, tension, resources, hegemony and ideology. Recent events with the Ukraine testify to a specific political agenda that aims to build a barrier that distinguishes the region with clear demarcation lines from Westernn Europe.Little is known about the geopolitical schools of thought of the region, especially with geopolitics more and more taught in Business schools and other university courses. Are there any reasons in your opinion why this is so?
Relevant answer
Answer
Perhaps not as sufficiently in anglophone world. But, be assured, media might be covering it and relevant agencies might be analysing it.
This word, after cold world, became a unipolar, wherein America played important role. After Obama, now vacuum is being filled by China. China's geopolitics is important in research and down to textbooks. 
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
6 answers
Have you ever heard of any ideology that prohibit political parties and considers them as an undemocratic tools?
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
7 answers
psychology and its methods are clearly racist, it was built as an othering tool by the coloniser. Therefore, how do we begin to speak against the mainstream psychology in decolonial terms?
Relevant answer
Answer
There is a good chapter by Mkhize in a South African book called Critical Psychology, edited by Mkhize and Hook, that looks at the ways in which psychology is centred on the individual, and how that can be difficult in a context where personhood is composed relationally/communally, as it is in the Southern African context. I think the chapter is called African Psychology. It is quite a nuanced one that doesn't assume all of 'Western' psychology is flawed, but rather examines how the starting points can differ if the person is created differently in different social contexts. I've used it for teaching undergraduate courses in SA on the history of the social science disciplines in Southern Africa. 
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
4 answers
Do you think that British Political plays are more successful than the American ones? and if so, why this happens? is it due to the audience, the censorship in America or the high quality of  British plays?
Relevant answer
Answer
If I can use Vietnam War as an example, my opinion is the British are better than the Americans in fighting communist in Malaysia and Vietnam respectively. 
Here are some articles:
Dixon, P. (2009). ‘Hearts and Minds’? British Counter-Insurgency from Malaya to Iraq. Journal of Strategic Studies, 32(3), 353-381.
Hack, K. (2009). The Malayan Emergency as counter-insurgency paradigm. Journal of Strategic Studies, 32(3), 383-414.
Clutterbuck, R. L. (1966). The Long, Long War: Counterinsurgency in Malaya and Vietnam. Praeger.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
I am interested in whatyou are doing on corruption and norms. I saw your paper on corruption and trust and suggest that you read my 2008 book, Corruption, Inequality, and the Rule of Law where I give a full account of the relationship between generalized trust and corruption. If you send me an email (euslaner@umd.edu) I can send you some of my other work (could not find your email online). I have friends at Tel Aviv and Chris Welzel of Leuphana (I was there last year) is a close friend (we had lunch and dinner together in Moscow last week). I’d also be interested in learning what the Paris conference is all about.  If you are looking for another keynote speaker, I will be pleased to come.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Eric! please send me your book, I am highly qurious to read about. I will be highly obliged. The ratio of corruption is increasing in Pakistan day to day. it is global phenomena too which is making sway every country and I feel panic.
Mine email id ( to receive the book) 
Awaiting,
Mouna
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
5 answers
I am imagining my project within the context of Body and Political Economy among African nations which experimented with socialism. Thanks!
Relevant answer
Answer
That make a good sense to me! Thanks, Sharmila!
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
1 answer
Do you know someone in CAS or other universities in Beijing, who is expert in BKT transition? I am an undergraduate student in UCAS. My classmates and I am interested in phase transition recently and want to find an expert in this field especially the BKT transition, who can offer us some guidence. Best choice is within CAS and professers in other universities in Beijing is OK. Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Xinhui,
Unfortunately, Captain Moore is currently at sea and won't return until early May.  I wil save this for him on his return.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
9 answers
Is there any anthropological research addressing the question: Why may many of the female workers be aversive to their  female co-workers but may have a strong preference for male co-workers in the workplace in the North America or elsewhere? Can anyone direct me relevant references or research materials?
Relevant answer
Answer
There is a fairly large literature examining gender, legitimacy, status, power, and how the confluence of these factors influence behavior (in work places, task groups, and so forth). Much of this is based on findings that demonstrate men more easily gain access to legitimate forms of power and influence (I'm speaking symbolically/interpersonally... not to mention material and economic forms of power). There is also some evidence that femininity (which violates "ideal worker" norms) is punished, yet agentic women (who violate femininity) may also face backlash. While much of this research speaks to gender, it can be at least somewhat extrapolated to other forms of inequality, as the mechanism can be considered that of status, not of gender (in its purest interactional/group process forms--obviously gender has other influences). There is also social psychological research on gossip, which speaks to Alethea's comments.
It's been awhile since I've delved into this literature, but here are some cites:
McAndrew, F. T., Bell, E. K., & Garcia, C. M. (2007). Who Do We Tell and Whom Do We Tell On? Gossip as a Strategy for Status Enhancement1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(7), 1562-1577.
Phelan, J. E., Moss‐Racusin, C. A., & Rudman, L. A. (2008). Competent yet out in the cold: Shifting criteria for hiring reflect backlash toward agentic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(4), 406-413.
Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2001). Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women. Journal of social issues, 57(4), 743-762.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
such as, if there is a feminist theorist how much focus has ze laid on the idea of self perception of the women about their 'self' by the women themselves, while the they have theorised their ideas. 
Relevant answer
Answer
We have written on this with regard to young people, see the 2015 article:
 “Young people’s search for agency: Making sense of their experiences and taking
control”. Munford, R. & Sanders, J. Qualitative Social Work, 14 (5): 616-633.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
6 answers
I believe there has to be a more detailed explanation  for the slogan. If somebody wants to change the slogan, it can be weighed against the definition. Its just one of he reasons.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks. That is what I called the definition. I have never seen it explained that way, It is better to be able to explain to that extent rather than leaving people to assume. I never new the  sunny side had a meaning other than what the two words literally carries. But it is more common in English the idiom than the literal meaning. thanks for the insight.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
11 answers
Goffman (1967) defines face as " the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact.’’( Goffman 1967, p. 5). Brown and Levinson (1978;1987) believe that ‘face’ is ‘public self-image’ which is invested, maintained , lost or enhanced emotionally and must be paid attention to in everyday interaction constantly. 
According to these definitions of face, how politicians save face.
Your contribution is highly appreciated in advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Masoumeh!
You ask how politicians save face in political interviews, and borrow from Goffman' (1967) definition of face as " the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact.’’( p. 5).
Let me begin by saying that it may be risking to think of politicians in general. There are politicians and politicians. We certainly all agree that N. Mandela and D. Trump as politicians should have little, if any, in common.     
With basis on Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning and development we can think of three types of politicians: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Pre-conventional politicians are those whose thinking and acting is guided by individualistic and egocentric interests, wants and desires.  Because of this, it is likely that when they are interviewed they made everything they can do in order to save their face, that is, to give others an appearance that does not corresponds to what they really are as politicians, individuals, or citizens. As I see it, this type of politicians are even capable of lying when they are interviewed, just to save their face. I would say that Trump is indeed a pre-conventional politician in moral and ethical terms. I guess that pre-conventional politicians would refuse to answer to, as it were, hard moral dilemmas 
Conventional politicians are those whose thinking and acting is guided by existing social rules and moral norms and that they are interested, for example, in the social progress of their own and even other countries. Because of this it is likely they do not need, say, to save their face while being interviewed. As I see it, the great majority of politicians are conventional, in the sense they are aware of their rights and duties qua politicians, individual and citizens.
Post-conventional politicians are those  whose thinking and acting is guided by prescriptive and generalizable moral principles, such as the principle of justice (i.e., not to treat others unfairly), benevolence (i.e., not to turn away someone in need), social utility (i.e., to bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people), or eudemonia (i.e., to bring about the self-actualization and  self-fulfillment of every citizen). Because of this, it is likely that post-conventional politicians are truly sincere when they are interviewed for they have nothing to hide. Hence, they do not need to save their faces , because they are lovers, say, of the true, the good, and the beautiful. Nelson Mandela, Luther King, just to cite two examples, would certainly belong to this category of politicians.
All that said, I think that would be interesting and telling to analyze politicians' discourses and answers when interviewed from a Kohlbergian point of view. Although we often think that all politicians save their faces, for example, by promising what they are not committed  to doing, smiling, and the like, not all politicians are those bad guys we tend to think they are. As I see it, as far as to save faces is concerned, there are a big difference between what I would call pre-conventional,  conventional or post-conventional politicians.
I hope that I have got your question and that this  helps.
Best regards
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
In his Río conferences in 1973 (La vérité et les formes juridiques), Michel Foucault chastises, without mentioning any specific author, a so-called "academic Marxism" according to which the appeal to sociohistorical explanations of discourse would only be possible in the case of "ideology", understood as "error", but not for truth itself; "external history" would not possibly account for true statements, only for "distorted" ones. But, does any actual Marxist fit that description? I thought of Althusser as a plausible candidate, but I haven't found in his writings any commitment to the idea that "external" social relations only bring about false, distorted statements.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Claudio,
You might be interested in this article by Stéphane Legrand. I don't think you will necessarily find names that "fit" Foucault's definition, but the author proposes interesting approaches to Foucault's relations to marxism and marxists.
Best regards
Denis
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
4 answers
I am trying to look at how the University as a contested space influenced the actions, relationships and culture of the growing feminist and gay movements in Britain during the late twentieth century. 
Relevant answer
Answer
See Naama Klorman-Eraqi, "The Hackney Flashers: Photography as a Socialist Feminist Endeavor," forthcoming, Photography and Culture, Vol 10, no. 3, October/November 2017
Naama Klorman-Eraqi. "Underneath We’re Angry: Feminism and Media Politics in Britain in the Late 1970s and Early 1980s," forthcoming, Feminist Media Studies, Vol 17, no. 2, April 2017
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
4 answers
To make the question to facilitate the understanding of the question my local populace Can I reframe a standard question from positive to negative and vice a varsa?
Example:
(Rijsdijk, Hultink, and Diamantopoulos, 2007)
Standard scale is - "The product is complicated for a lot of people".
Instead of reversing the scale to know the east of using,
can I reframe the question as "The product is easy to use by alot of people"?
 I fear that if I ask a standard question, people may fail to understand it.
Thank you in advance,
Azhar
Relevant answer
Answer
First, it is important to say I have no knowledge about automobile's market. But, considering only the methodological aspect of your research, here what I would do:
If the literature support that consumer are technical illiterates, then you should treat it as your null hypothesis. That because (1) you should assume that the literature is right; and (2) that will cause less harm if people are not technical illiterates and you assume they are, then if they are and you assume they aren't.
So, if you want a null hypothesis as negative, you question should be something like that:
"Are consumer technical literates?"
Hypothesis 0 = No, they are no technical literates, therefore they are technical illiterates;
Hypothesis 1 = Yes, they are technical literates, therefore they are no illiterates.
I hope I helped.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
156 answers
Many times I thought what is the United Nations for? Their people are meeting most of the days and nights and we see political conflicts and wars are getting more and more. I began to discuss an eminent Third World War together with other research gate members. I have great hope that stopping alcohol may lead to resolve many political conflicts spontaneously.
I have never heard that anybody raised this issue in UN. Why?! Do they fear alcohol Mafias? Do they like alcohol or think that alcohol is more useful than harmful? 
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear all
Alcohols can be made in home by very simple distillation equipment. So, if you stopped this trade by stopping its factory that's means you will encourage the home made alcohol. This conditions has a very bad consequences as some may make poisonous material and cell it in secret as an alcohol. Form my point view, hold on to this trade with strict limitations supported by better laws is better from leaving the industry for those sundry
Regards
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
11 answers
Does anyone know of any work on macho culture in the military? We often assume how soldiers embody and enact macho mentality. But I have not really come across any concrete analysis. I know of the work by Cynthia Enloe, Teresia Teaiwa, and R W Connell. I am familiar with John Dower's classic War without Mercy. I may well have overlooked, but I have not come across anything that addresses this issue head-on. I’d appreciate any lead you can give me, esp. Japanese army in the Pacific War (WW2). Thank you, Ryota
Relevant answer
Answer
One interesting sidebar on this topic can be found in the Karyuki-san. At the 19th-20th century turn many Japanese girls were sold into slavery by their poor families, a practice that ended with the end of legalized prostitution in Japan in 1920. According to a 1913 Imperial Navy report, across SE Asia, "The first Japanese settlers were prostitutes and pimps. Later, the small shopkeeper moved to here to supply the needs of prostitutes, like kimono shops, laundries, hairdressing, and photography. As they understood the local situation, merchants follow in their footsteps, then intellectuals and other Japanese."
With the military expansion into Korea, China, then Vietnam and the Philippines, women were impressed into military brothels as "comfort women", still the subject of press reports and protests across East Asia.
Additionally, the "Rape of Nanjing" was more than figurative. As Susan Brownmiller points out, rape is an expression of power, not just sexual desire.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
8 answers
I am interested in research at the intersections of media studies, public policy, social intervention, popular culture, activism, critical theory, art history, etc. Please share any relevant references. 
One specific question: The city and residents of Baltimore were central to The Wire's themes and production. Members of various communities became involved with the show as actors, some with no previous acting experience. Did the show's presence have any lasting impact on the city or any particular group of residents?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Ted,
Here are some of the references I use in my teaching. I hope they are useful to you:
Burdeau E., Vieillescazes N. (dir.). 2011. The Wire, reconstitution collective, Paris : Les prairies ordinaires/Capricci.
Reviewed by: Amélie Flamand, "The Wire sur écoute", Métropolitiques
Marsha Kinder, "Re-Writing Baltimore"
David Lerner "Way down in the hole"
Antoine Faure, "The Wire: le fil d'Ariane sociologique de la compléxité urbaine américaine"
Marc Levine, "The Wire et la ville américaine : un contrepoint au discours néolibéral"
in The Wire, l'Amérique sur écoute by Marie-Hélène Bacqué, Amélie Flamand, Anne-Marie Paquet-Deyris and Julien Talpin  (eds.)
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
10 answers
One relatively gentle definition of "predatory" is "addicted to or characterized by a tendency to victimize or destroy others for one's own gain." Thus self-obsession would be typically present to the exclusion of empathy. That rather clearly describes the nature of predation in the animal world, in human terms.
The word "predatory" has a generally understood meaning of an effect that renders one entity subordinate to another, wherein actually being a meal for a predator is the most extreme case.
A word that pragmatically describes the following human activities effectively (that is, with useful effect) could be useful to focus constant and consistent attention on the general nature of harmful political (etc.) behaviors:
   extremism, hate speech, rape, war-mongering, profiteering, corruption, slavery, discrimination, greed, theft, domination, terrorism, intimidation, usurpation, cannibalism, aggressive narcissism, fear-mongering, road-rage, trolling, pure callousness, compulsive lying, incitement, authoritarianism, chicanery, jingoism, hegemony,lusting for power, predatory lending, predatory pricing, malicious rhetoric, etc.  
Relevant answer
Answer
I too would like to see a more benevolent and less destructive form of decision-making throughout the world.  Regrettably, "predators" are very ruthless, very skilled in their predations, and often very practiced at disguising their actions.  After reading THE DARK WEB, it is apparent that many whose public lives seem quite mundane, are actually "closet predators" and "regressive provocateurs" when in the privacy of their own Internet communities.  Concurrently, many who act publicly have contrived to have marketers create a benevolent image. I see the real challenge in this regard, as being to present the case "against predation" so that it will resonate with the wider public to such an extent that they, en masse, will demand an end to it.  Until someone figures out a way to do THAT, we are reduced to merely fighting predation "around the margins!"  What argument would move the public to action?
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
"Astroturf Movements" are what Ernst Bormann would call a fantasy theme in his scheme of symbolic convergence theory.  Astroturf movements are often highly polarizing and hateful.  They seem to be coming from the grassroots but may be products of highly paid political strategists in the service of elite donors.
Are they more potent now than in the past?  Surely they have always been some part of political movements.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks for your answers.  My experience was mainly with the US version of astroturf movements.  I have just recently learned this term and have been trying to see what scholarly literature is out there.  Do either of you know studies of astroturf movements?
Here is how Wikipedia defines "astroturfing..."
"Astroturfing is the practice of masking the sponsors of a message or organization (e.g., political, advertising, religious or public relations) to make it appear as though it originates from and is supported by grassroots participant(s). It is a practice intended to give the statements or organizations credibility by withholding information about the source's financial connection. The term astroturfing is derived from AstroTurf, a brand of synthetic carpeting designed to resemble natural grass, as a play on the word "grassroots." The implication behind the use of the term is that there are no "true" or "natural" grassroots, but rather "fake" or "artificial" support, although some astroturfing operatives defend the practice."
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
13 answers
I am interested in exploring questions pertaining to the possibility of realizing gender equality within marital relationships and happy family life of couples in the age range of 20 to 55 years. I am thinking of gender here as the socially constructed roles, behaviors, feelings and attitudes expected of girls and boys, women and men, in a given society. I am also thinking of it in terms of the rights, power and privileges accorded or denied as well as the restrictions and taboos imposed on any sex. I make a distinction between sex (the condition of being male or female) which is biological, natural and fairly constant, and gender which is social, cultural, human-made, learned and therefore changeable. Furthermore, I think of gender equality as a situation where girls and boys, women and men, have equal opportunities for participation and enjoyment of rights, responsibilities and privileges in their society without any legal, cultural, political, economic, religious, or social hindrance on the basis of their sex. How is gender equality expressed in terms of distribution of roles, responsibilities and opportunities among family members? What role do educational attainment, religious beliefs and attitudes or the lack thereof, play in influencing such distribution in matters of: participation in family leadership/decision-making (about finance, recreation/vacation, child-bearing/rearing/caring, child-spacing, keeping a job or letting a job go, etc); who calls the shots? participation in home-making, cooking, serving, cleaning, etc; cultural/social symbolizations and ritualizations: that is who does what, why, when, where and how, based on whether they are boy or girl, woman or man? Who leads the family devotion for example? E.g who drives the car when the couple travels together? Who sits where at table? Who speaks and who must be silent? How are these symbolizations and ritualizations justified? Are the gendered practices around participation in roles, responsibilities and opportunities in family settings contributing to the overall wellbeing of humanity in light of the United Nations sustainable development goals? The questions raised here are not concerned with LGBT issues. Rather they are concerned with gender issues that are a matter of life and death for many women and girls in many world contexts. So please if anyone knows of real life examples of couples and families, anywhere the world, who are living on a basis of gender equality or if someone has any literature related to the subject of this research interest, I will be very grateful if they can share with me.
Relevant answer
Answer
My answer is yes, but the larger question is about cultural gender norms. Heteronormative gender norms are deeply policed within every culture throughout the world (for the most part because of the legacy of patriarchy and colonization). While you say this has nothing to do with LGBT people, it actually does. Gender norms restrict everyone's abilities to flourish in the world in the way that they were meant to be, straight women, straight men, cis-gender women, cis-gender men, and lgbti people. Gender norms are strict in order to maintain power for the patriarchal structures that exist in most cultures. Look to cultures that are matriarchal (some American Indian cultures & Akan in Ghana, etc.). Anyway, this is a very important question that you are asking as we know....as the health and well-being of women in the world go...so goes the health and well-being of the world
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
11 answers
Evidently, Geertz subsequently preferred other definitions or perspectives on culture. As a political scientist I find the control-mechanism concept to be useful in thinking about links between culture and political processes. It is more precise than Geertz' later, fuzzier notion of culture. 
Relevant answer
Answer
Estimado Iivo, gracias por el libro que me envías.  Lo estoy leyendo. Pero más que Freud me interesa  la linea Hegel, Marx y Hofstadter ("Yo soy un extraño bucle" ).  En conjunción con las teorías cognitivas, allegadas al tema de la "libertad de la voluntad". En este contexto Freud y el joven Geertz son un excelente aporte intermediario al tema de las representaciones individuales y colectivas. Gracias
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
7 answers
According to Frances Stewart, horizontal inequalities (inequalities between groups) in its various dimensions (economic, socio cultural and political ) are the main sources of conflict in most conflict stricken countries.  It is argued that economic inequalities provide fertile ground for conflict, socio-cultural inequalities bind groups together, and political inequalities provide incentives for leaders to mobilize people for rebellion. Is there a threshold of the extent of such inequalities ( in one or all dimensions)   beyond which it spur grievances and mobilize people leading to conflict ? or is it the mismatch between  these three dimension driving the violent conflict?  
Relevant answer
Answer
Conflict is not simply a product of a "land grab."  To better understand the sources of conflict, you are better served examining the concepts of relative depravation and opportunity cost of conflict.  Institutional instability, resource scarcity, food insecurity, etc., all alter the opportunity cost of conflict.
To your point, there is very little evidence of thresholds because it is a multi-dimensional problem.  And, it is not just an economic problem.  There are social, political, and economic dimensions interacting, and "inequality" is not particularly pertinent.  That is, it is "relative inequality" that matters.  And that is only operational in the context of weak institutions that prevent Coasian bargaining in the first place.  
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
25 answers
Nihilism theme is fundamental for understanding the works of Nietzsche and Heidegger. At the same time , the influence of nihilistic concepts in contemporary thought has become an undeniable aspect in the West in its cultural and political aspects . What is the extent of the influence of such works on aspects of the political history of the West in the first half of the twentieth century , especially in the distorted ownership of perspective works in the training of the Nazi - fascist thought. What the cultural phenomena that have , in their  foundations influences of the seminal thoughts of Nietzsche and Heidegger ?
Relevant answer
Answer
'Nihilism' seems to me a rather fluid and rhetorical term, that changes meaning in different contexts.  Bit like, say, 'liberal'.  Dangerous, I think, in 'serious' political and philosophical debate.
Nietzsche as the father of 'nihilism'?  Really? Nietzsche the 'Yea-Sayer', the Affirmer of Life, rather than of negative, reactive forces that stifle life in the interests of some hidden group interest (Capital, Nationalism, Religion, whatever)?
I think those who called him a nihilist a century ago were complaining that he didn't pay pious obedience to their great historical scams.  ...And trying to tarnish him by association with the Nihilists or political terrorists in late Tsarist Russia, portrayed for example in Dostoyevsky's Demons - which is itself, I guess, a pretty good guide to the cultural context which gave birth to Nihilism as a term and 'movement' (insofar as a nihilistic movement is not self-contradictory).
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
5 answers
I´m looking for texts and papers about cultural citizenship and cultural rights, especially in Brazil.
Relevant answer
Answer
From anthropological aspects, see as below;
Aihwa Ong, Virginia R. Dominguez, Jonathan Friedman, Nina Glick Schiller, Verena Stolcke, David Y. H. Wu and Hu Ying, "Cultural Citizenship as Subject-Making: Immigrants Negotiate Racial and Cultural Boundaries in the United States [and Comments and Reply]" in Current Anthropology Vol. 37, No. 5 (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-762
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
6 answers
Egypt and Tunisia went through a transitional phase since 2011 revolution, mainly derived by the same demands and causes, however resulted in different outcomes.
Relevant answer
Answer
I have compared 143 countries with each other (see the attached publications). According to my results, Corruption Perception Index very much describes the quality of public governance. Tunis had 4.2 and Egypt 2.9 In 2007. Thus public governance in Tunis was much more ready to further advances than in Egypt.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
5 answers
I am looking for seats (by party) for Brazil for 1900-1945 (I have the data for post-1945) for a project I'm working on. So far I've been unable to find anything other than election results (votes). Thanks.
Relevant answer
Answer
Miguel, I`m sorry I call you Michael!
You are welcome!
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
7 answers
Jirga system in Pakistan and Afghanistan
Panchayat System in India and South Punjab Pakistan
Dera system in Pakistan
Relevant answer
Answer
You need to study conflict resolution models/theories and chose from them..
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
12 answers
I am currently designing an Honours option course entitled Space, Place and Sensory Perception (see brief synopsis below), start date Jan 2015. I’ve spent a good few months amassing references and identifying case studies/practical exercises but I am well aware that there will be things out there that I’ve missed that would perhaps prove to be more useful than that which I have already found.
Does anyone have any suggestions? Eventually I plan to share the course outline with the Sensory Studies network.
The course aims to show how the senses – sight, touch, taste, hearing and smell - play a vital role in shaping the way we interact with, and attune ourselves to, the world around us. It will focus on understanding these everyday sensory worlds and their variation across various historical and geographical contexts. In so doing, it hopes to demonstrate to the students that sensory perception is as much a social, cultural and political practice as it is a physical or biological function working through a range of topics such as silence and noise, darkness and light, pleasure and disgust, immersion and distance,  atmosphere and affect. The course will attempt to be as sensorially engaging as possible in its pedagogy and to this end a series of immersive tutorials will run alongside the lectures providing numerous opportunities for students to physically explore their senses.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hands-on activities greatly aid class interaction and discussion. Many tests are easily used in a classroom setting or can be mailed and self-administered in a distant location. One of these is the UPSIT Smell Test which is a scratch and sniff test that assesses whether a person has a normal sense of smell. The test is to detect and describe a series of 40 odorants. There is a cultural element to the test as different cultures may describe the odorant with different adjectives. Another easily administered test is of taste strips that assess the ability to taste the bitter taste of PROP, which is considered a genetic trait. Participants are often eager to know how they rank on these tests and also learn about their individual sensory capabilities.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
16 answers
What are the accepted theories or models that can be applied to the case of minority that facing ethnic discrimination after the inter-ethnic conflict?
I am writing my MA thesis on ethnic minority discrimination after the conflict and their everyday life predicaments, as economic cultural and political discrimination. I want to use some models or a theory to this case, except of nationalism. Can you suggest me some? Thank you! 
Relevant answer
Answer
Presentors at the Istanbul Process United Nations 16/18 in Qatar discussed various models for community reintegration being practiced in Kosovo, Sierra Leone, and Argentina.  These are real-world examples of what is being done on the ground.  Descriptions can be found on pps 30-33 at this link:  https://www.academia.edu/7563863/Opening_Remarks_for_Session_on_Making_Common_Ground_p._29_
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
I am examining the representation of indigenous health in the Australian media and the impact of such representation on the development and shifts of indigenous health policy.
Relevant answer
Answer
I personally think Media is not interested in covering issues such as health within Aboriginal groups, as it is not ground breaking news and the negative asspects of stories which media loves does not fit their category. I though my workplace have tried to get media spots for exciting happening in health and its the same old story. sorry!
if Media covered this issue then there may not be a greater life expectancy gap as people may begin to empathise with the plight of Aboriginal health, we would also seen a positive move of having more Aboriginal people employed to assist in making a difference to health outcomes, also there would have to be a huge systematic change in the health service delivery for improved outcomes.
I look on as a Aboriginal person and see lots of help and support given to other Indigenous groups but the first Australians are still lagging and not a lot of empathy in the coomunity to support change for them.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
94 answers
The first paper (2007) reports on state-funded research on "An international peer-reviewed journal published under the auspices of the Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences and financed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic". The second (2010) is in an open access journal.
Both are indexed in Scopus. I may be mistaken, but I see something's very wrong. Do you do too? Can we take a stand on matters like this? Is our credibility, our carriers, and the funding of our research vulnerable to unethical behavior, when this unethical behavior translates into widely accepted "if"sand similar metrics, which are now a factor of governments' evaluation of researchers' performance?
Relevant answer
Answer
I have just had a look out of curiosity, and it is shocking indeed. Only very minor and very few wording changes can be found in the 2010 paper as compared with the first one. The plagiarised author should be made aware of this, and a retraction should be required.
Although not to such a scandalous extent, I have occasionally suffered plagiarism myself, and t is certainly not nice. Above all other considerations, however, it is a highly unethical issue, and a serious and probably growing problem for the scientific community. I believe that some journals check all submitted manuscripts, or at least a randomly chosen part of them, for similarity to other publications through iThenticate. Maybe this practice should be generalised to all journals wishing to adhere to high quality standards. It is sad indeed that scientists in general have to be placed under suspicion, but it may be the only option to avoid such occurrences.
Additionally, I believe that a retraction is very "cheap" as a punishment in such cases. Given the harmful effects of such practices on the "honest" scientific community, stronger and longer-lasting extra measures should be considered and applied when possible.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
2 answers
Are they guidelines that depicts the process of recovering? Is there or isn't there a need to build up in a post-conflict area? If so, are there specific regulations one should follow in the action to move forward and 'preserve' the significance of the post-conflict site?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Caroline….
In terms of power, I'm keen on addressing about the power of the government. In terms of 'built environment', I'm looking at the context of rebuilding the site.
For example, Ground Zero was previously the site of the World Trade Center, where once the twin tower stood (high-rise/skyscraper) before the catastrophe of 9/11 and in the present day, there are more high-rise/skyscrapers are built, yet again.
Therefore, I'm looking into investigating/researching on how does this particular hierarchy of power influence the outcome of the rebuilding of the site.
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
Re-Construction of Post-Conflict Zone: Does the opinion of the society matter or does the Power of Politics depict the approach and perceive others will accept it?
Relevant answer
Answer
A good question, but I suppose one that does not have a correct concrete answer. An ideal approach would be one in which everyone is happy with its outcome. Sometimes not even within an individual all wishes and ideas are commensurable (i.e. living close to an airport, but not having to put up with its noices). In post-conflict scenarios it gets even worse, since even the international community and formerly conflicting parties have very diverse ideas of the ideal solution and as Samer Abdelnour already said some just want to live on. The least bad scenario (but I would not say ideal) would be one, in which everyone had the chance to partcipate in without a fear of reprisal. But in that case who would, should or could mediate or supervise this process....
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
3 answers
In some former communist countries, for example in Albania about 70 politicians have been in politics more than 10 and 20 years. Resignations are extremely rare. Nepotism and corruption is massive.
Do you think that the appearance in media of these politicians for 10 of 20 years is damaging the health of the population by creating psychological problems?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Gwendolyn !
Thank you for your attention to my question.
It is my pleasure to share ideas with you about this problem . I am also very touched by the story that you tell about your parents and grandparents . I've read about a black population movements against discrimination . Philosophy and their contributions are a big giant in global wealth and an inexhaustible source to learn and educate me and my people .
In my Opinion , continues to stand the idea that there is no bitter taste for discrimination than men and have more than anyone else on the planet have proved just as you say peoples color .
Today , if you want to analyze conflicts around the world , will find that they are , have started and continue to expand , not exactly the acceptance of diversity as a value . So , I continue to say that diversity should be valued as respecting and an exchange of values ​​among men as different and a real world . History has proved and continues to prove that : Exceptions to the absolute extreme and violent , which opposes tolerance Exacltly today's date , but remember to around the world . Please, email me or connect with me and by Linkedin to see more about me . For connect via linkedin search Mucalla Sherif and use other my email mecalla2002@yahoo.com
Also, feel free to write or call me if you have any idea to cooperate My mobile 355(0)682020158
I wish you and your family success
Sincerely
Sherif Mucalla
  • asked a question related to Cultural Politics
Question
13 answers
Can natural selection favour a dichotomy within a population because of the dynamics created by their coexistence?
Relevant answer
Answer
Rebecca,
Cross-cultural psychologists have a big interest in collectivism and individualism. You might start with the work of Patricia Greenfield, for example this paper:
For a paper skeptical about Chiao's serotonin transporter hypothesis see:
Eisenberg, D. T. A. and M. G. Hayes. 2011. Testing the null hypothesis: comments on ‘Culture-gene coevolution of individualism–collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene’. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278:329-332.
In general, it is very early days in the use of molecular techniques to understand differences between human populations and human evolution. Boyd and I did a survey of this literature a few years ago as did Kevin Laland and coauthors:
Laland, K. N., J. Odling-Smee, and S. Myles. 2010. How culture shaped the human genome: bringing genetics and the human sciences together. Nature Reviews Genetics 11:137-148.
Pete