Cryosphere - Science topic

As rightly suggested by Pat S. Chavez, Jr. A recent study amplifies use of stereo DEM data to study 40 years of ice loss across the Himalayas. This study could be regarded as an excellent example how DEM alongwith supplementary data can be utilized to analyze environmental degradation/restoration processes over time.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/6/eaav7266

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47122641

Srinivasarao Tanniru i have read lot of literature for snow cover monitoring and depth analysiss. According to many studies VV polarisation is best suitable for snow depth analysis.

FOr more information please visit this page: https://forum.step.esa.int/t/snow-depth-estimation/13517

Ilan Kelman All are very impressive and will be helpful in my research work. thanks

Alastair Bain McDonald thank you and I will try these

Hi Marcos,

First of all thanks for your detailed comment.

I have contacted with the developers of CRHM and they have provided me required information which was very helpful for me to select the most appropriate model for my research scope. As long as concern about my research work, i will mainly focus on the runoff generations under changing climate from the permafrost zones due to dynamics of the Active Layer Thickness (ALT). The CRHM is better to use in the cold environments have mainly covered with snow and CRHM is applicable to the tundra or other like this environments found in Arctic, Canada and Alaska's regions.

WaSiM model simulate the dynamics of the active layer thickness more better as compared to CRHM and also gave three dimentional variations in the soil temperatures.

Therefore after review some articles and some other literature, I finally selected WaSiM. I can use CRHM if I found that I have enough time to simulate using it as well. By comparing both the model's results, I will conclude the application efficiency as well as I will be able to write some good articles.

Thanks a lot for you precios time and detailed comment.

Regards

Naveed.

its very interesting. have a look at attached file.

best regards

We did this book http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/book/10.1108/s2040-7262%282012%2911 which might have a few possibilities and see also this ongoing project http://www.hkhresilience.com

Hi Mohamed,

There are three oceanic branches to the Oceanic carbon cycle: the physical pump, the organic (carbon) pump and the carbonate pump. The physical pump only acts during glacial periods such as we are in now. The cold water in the polar regions absorbs more carbon dioxide which sinks to the bottom of the ocean. This is also true for oxygen, and the O2 acts against the organic pump, oxydising the organic material that sinks from the photic zone and converting it to CO2. In non glacial times this organic material sinks to the ocean floor and becomes oil. The third pump carries/settles carbonate on the ocean floor which acts as a carbon sink removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere/ocean system. The carbonate sediment eventually become limestone rocks.

However, increasing the CO2 in the atmosphere make the oceans more acidic and preventing the formation of carbonates. This means less drawdown of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The chemistry involved is quite complicated and is described here: Carbonate equilibria in natural waters http://www.chem1.com/acad/pdf/c3carb.pdf

Thanks to all. I finally found an answer in Cole et al. (JGR 1998): "Cyclic loading and creep response of aligned first-year sea ice" which is generally consistent with Wadhams (JGR 1973), in proposing a reduced B coefficient for creep. This is now in version 5.10 of WAVEWATCH III (to be released in a few months) ... and was used for this paper:

But yes it is in general a function of ice temperature and thickness and floe sizes are very important parameters too. 

Hi Daniel. Thank you, I will contact you shortly! Cheers, Thomas

By no means a scientific answer but one of observation coming from a cold climate , plain old ordinary saw dust seems to be one of the best mechanisms to maintain a permafrost situation .  I have no data but have experienced it first hand , as a side note when old time ice saving techniques were used in the northern US and all of Canada sawdust was the choice insulation so much so that it ice was packed onto to ships and surrounded by sawdust and sent to the Caribbean islands fully intact

Paterson (now Cuffey and Paterson) "The Physics of Glaciers" 4th ed., Elsevier, 2010, includes discussion of the equation and constants as well as experimental data.  I note that Amazon has free-trial electronic access.

I agree with the previous comments.  Stable Isoptopes can be very useful.  Carbon can be affected by methanogenesis, but particularly the sulfur signal can give some indication of benthic energy contributions, but you need to look at external and internal sources, isotope ratio of the various benthic infaunal species and nekton.  knowing the ecology of the organisms will help, such as filter feeding vs deposit feeding, benthic vs pelagic foraging by nekton (stomach contents and isotopes).  Is the system shallow and oxic enough for benthic photoautotrophy? any chance of looking at benthic oxygen (P/R) and nutrient fluxes?

Have a look at the snowcover model snowpack (link attached). To calculate heat flow into the snow you have to know the full energy balance at the surface, and the thermal properties of the snowpack (thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity).

The color recognition maybe infeasible. I will try to use the surface snow grain size and  backscatter to distinguish the wind glaze area. Thank you for you reply! 

Besides what Jakub mentioned, 10Be is also used to date erratics left by glaciers and this helps to determined the age of former glacier extent. The idea is that the boulder had no 10Be at the time of deposition and this isotope is later produced by cosmic radiation in the surface layer. Hence, the amount of 10Be is a measure of time. I have included a link to an open access article that described the method in more detail.

Temperature (depending where on Antarctica you plan to be), is definitively an issue. And the batteries in iPad etc are not really built for temperatures below -20 degree C, and very rapidly "go off"

I meant methane gas hydrates. Thus the topics can be added: methane, Arctic Ocean.

There is a very good paper by Anita Brenner on this subject:

The temperature lapse rate, or elevation gradient, captures the thermodynamic effects of moving air masses vertically. Google for dry-adiabatic and wet-adiabatic to get better explanations. Although the theory applies for free air masses, the concept is generally used also for 2m temperature in varying terrain. How it is calculated depends on what information you have, the simplest is of course if you have some measurements at different altitude, simply fit a line and estimate the slope.

Thanks