Critical Thinking - Science topic

RELIGION TODAY (2nd edition) offers a refreshing introduction to the academic study of religion with a particular emphasis on critically informed analysis. The book skillfully explores diverse religious traditions and phenomena, providing readers with a comprehensive overview that encourages them to engage critically with the subject and materials....

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This chapter explores the impact of digital technologies on modern knowledge. Case studies that demonstrate innovative ways to use blended learning environments to engage and empower students will be reviewed. Through detailed analysis and examples, this chapter illustrates the shift from traditional teaching methods to interactiv...

This chapter explores the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence on inquiry-based learning in educational assessment. Generative AI technologies have revolutionized traditional assessment methods, enabling dynamic, individualized learning experiences that meet individual student needs. By harnessing the power of artificial inte...

ABSTRAK Manajemen pembelajaran memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa dengan menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif dan terorganisasi. Artikel ini membahas hubungan antara manajemen pembelajaran dan prestasi akademik, yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, seperti motivasi dan kemampuan kognitif siswa, serta faktor...

One way to preserve culture in education is through ethnoscience-based learning, especially in chemical materials linked to various fields of science in life, including social and cultural. Ethnoscience is a process of reconstructing indigenous science knowledge with scientific science. This research aims to explore trends in ethnoscience-based che...

In a world where knowledge is power and innovation drives progress, the importance of effective research practices cannot be overstated. Transforming Research Practices is a timely and insightful work that redefines how we approach, conduct, and utilize research in an ever-evolving landscape of information and technology. This book is more than a...

Rui Alexandre Castanho | Tatjana Pivac | Ante Mandic (Herausgeber*in) Springer (Verlag) 1. Auflage | Erscheint ca. am 11. November 2024 Buch | Hardcover | XX, 230 Seiten 978-3-031-59324-6 (ISBN) ca. 235,39 € inkl. 7% MwSt.   Noch nicht erschienen Beschreibung This book explores the intersection of culture, sustainability, and tourism. Also, it ex...

The Emerald Handbook of Smart Cities in the Gulf Region: Innovation, Development, Transformation, and Prosperity for Vision 2040 is a definitive reference edition that employs a four-tiered approach to understanding smart cities in the Gulf Region: Innovation, Development, Transformation, and Prosperity. This active learning approach empowers reade...

Abstract Background/purpose. Education is crucial for fostering sustainability awareness and thinking among university students in a world increasingly defined by mounting environmental crises. Textbooks, as fundamental learning resources, have the potential to shape the minds of global citizens by offering insights into contemporary environmental...

The quality of education in Africa is a critical factor in its efforts to align with industrialized nations. This study investigates the challenges affecting the implementation of pedagogical and curriculum policies in Somalia's education system, focusing on their impact on delivering quality education. Using a sample of 229 participants, including...

This study examines the experiences of university-level English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers in relation to the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based 4Cs (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity) skills in English language teaching and learning. The research aims to explore the impact of...

This study examines the experiences of university-level English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers in relation to the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based 4Cs (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity) skills in English language teaching and learning. The research aims to explore the impact of...

Resumen: La pandemia de la Covid-19 reconocida, desde el pensamiento crítico, como síntoma de la crisis civilizatoria desencadenó un recrudecimiento de la situación ambiental, económica y social en todo el Orbe. Las apuestas desde América Latina estuvieron encaminadas a reforzar las actividades extractivas como medida para salir de la crisis en la...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

We provide the 3 more widely applicable methods of teaching core aims in physics (2 methods for 1 aim and 1 method for another) and 2 methods for biology (for the same aim), with an overview and example lessons. The Suspensful Debate method for example has some steps like selecting a controversial topic that fits physics and biology's theory's, alt...

This study explored the relationship between social media use and critical thinking skills among Senior High School (SHS) learners in the Davao region. A quantitative correlational research design utilized survey data from a sample of SHS students. First, this study assessed the level of social media use among students, with the majority engaged wi...

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is redefining academic research, offering unprecedented tools and methodologies that enhance efficiency and innovation across the research lifecycle. GenAI is transforming academic research, offering innovative tools that enhance efficiency and innovation across the research lifecycle. This paper explores...

This study aims to compare Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with the conventional lecture method in terms of student learning engagement within the Bangladesh college education system. Employing an explanatory mixed-method strategy, both qualitative and quantitative data were integrated. A true experimental design was employed for collecting and analyz...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

The SPN 21 Curriculum (21st Century National Education System) in Brunei Darussalam is an educational reform implemented in 2009. Its aim is to equip students with 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, and technological literacy. This research employs a qualitative descriptive analysis approach through literat...

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) has become a cornerstone of contemporary science education, championed by frameworks like the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). While designed to engage students actively in scientific practices, inquiry is often misapplied, resulting in an overemphasis on hands-on investigations. This investigation-centric appr...

This study investigated the rhetorical visions created by popular love songs through the lens of Fantasy Theme Analysis. By examining the interplay of setting, character, and action themes, the study identifies several recurring narratives that offer insights into the cultural, social, and emotional significance of love in contemporary society. The...

Considering that the teaching of mathematics in elementary school is an important prerequisite for the development of mathematically literate citizens, it is essential to identify what makes it effective. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of effective interventions in elementary school mathematics education. To this end, a s...

This paper critically examines the effectiveness of a gamified disaster preparedness workshop conducted at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) campus. The board game, created by the author, was inspired by the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) first responder training module known as 'Earthquake and Landslide Search and Rescu...

This study explores religious tolerance attitudes among high school students in Batu City, a city experiencing urban transition. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants, specifically student council presidents from five high and vocational schools selected through purposive sam...

Geometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics essential for developing students' spatial reasoning, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking skills. This study aimed to develop an adaptive learning webpage entitled "Polygon Puzzlers" to assist Grade 7 students with the least learned competencies in Mathematics, specifically in "solving pr...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This study investigates the impact of incorporating short stories into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms on students’ language skills, attitudes, and perceptions in two Iranian schools. The research demonstrates a significant influence and high level of agreement among the students, indicating that short stories substantially enhance l...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This article explores the integration of technology through a system-activity approach to enhance critical thinking and achieve learning objectives in geography education. The system-activity approach, grounded in constructivist learning theory, emphasizes active learning, student engagement, and critical thinking development. By incorporating digi...

This paper titled 'employability skills required by education graduates of Rivers State Universities for economic enhancement' borders on how the increasing emphasis on employability skills has become critical in bridging the gap between education and economic enhancement, particularly for education graduates in Rivers State universities. This pape...

ABSTRAK Di tengah kemajuan teknologi informasi saat ini, penyebaran informasi palsu (hoaks) dan polarisasi sosial telah menjadi tantangan besar. Berpikir kritis semakin diakui sebagai keterampilan penting untuk menghadapi isu-isu ini, khususnya di tengah dominasi media sosial dan platform digital. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa individu sering kali k...

Annotation. In this article, we explore the dynamic synergy between literature and technology in education. We highlight how technology expands literary horizons by providing students with unprecedented access to diverse texts and genres. Additionally, we discuss how interactive tools and adaptive learning platforms enhance engagement and personali...

This article, with an emphasis on conceptual discussion, explores the possibilities of ethno-STEM teaching through the innovative framework of PAPEDA, offering a practical approach to blending indigenous knowledge with STEM disciplines. The PAPEDA framework—Provide, Analyze, Perform, Evaluate, Disseminate, Assessment—depicts a structured but flexib...

This paper, drawing from the narratives of two adult educators teaching at the 'Odysseus' solidarity school in Greece, aims to explore how their identities-as active citizens with a social justice orientation-have been constructed, and how these have shaped their educational practice for citizenship education. Informed by the discourse on critical...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This study investigated biology teachers' topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) components used in teaching biotechnology. It focused on four key objectives: (1) identifying instructional strategies specific to biotechnology, (2) assessing teachers' awareness of students' prior knowledge of the subject, (3) examining teachers' knowledg...

The increasing adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the banking sector has revolutionized operations, offering efficiency, accuracy, and cost savings. However, this transformation raises critical questions about the role of human expertise in an automated environment. This study explores the synergy between automation and human capabilit...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

The Arts are known to foster creativity, empathy, self-efficacy, social awareness, and critical thinking skills. Engagement in and through the Arts contributes to building social cohesion while supporting wellbeing. This research takes place in Australia were the Arts (Dance, Drama, Media Arts, Music, and Visual Arts) play an important role in soci...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh metode diskusi terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring dan luring. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi-eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest pada dua kelompok mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan di Universitas XYZ. Kelompok A mengiku...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds tremendous potential for promoting equity and access to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly for students with disabilities. This conceptual review explores how AI can address the barriers faced by this underrepresented group by enhancing accessibility and supporting STE...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This article explains the theory on which RELIGION TODAY, A CRITICAL THINKING APPROACH TO RELIGIOUS STUDIES, is based. The method of problem-solving integrates critical thinking with the topics of religious studies. This article will help teachers use the method effectively. It will help teachers use the problem-solving method that integrates cri...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This paper delves into the personal teaching journey of the author, focusing on the challenges and transformations encountered while teaching courses in Media Arts. It aims to explore strategies to facilitate active student participation and promote transformative learning experiences, particularly within a diverse classroom environment. Drawing fr...

This qualitative study explores the mathematical modeling processes of eighty-seven pre-service mathematics teachers in Turkey, focusing on their approaches to real-world problem-solving and the integration of technology. Utilizing a case study design, participants engaged in the Demijohn Problem, a modeling activity centered on quadratic functions...

Proverbs and sayings serve as dynamic tools in language education, fostering linguistic, cultural, and moral development. This study explores the role of proverbs in enhancing students' speaking skills during English language teaching, with a particular focus on Azerbaijani and English linguistic materials. Through comparative analysis, the researc...

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Inquiry Learning model on improving junior high school students' learning outcomes in Natural Sciences (IPA) through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Inquiry Learning is an innovative instructional model that emphasizes active student engagement in the learning process through exploration,...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This research systematically compares the science curricula of primary education in Greece and Serbia, aiming to identify key similarities and differences that impact educational outcomes in each context. The study provides a nuanced understanding of these educational landscapes by examining the frameworks for teaching science and revealing how nat...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

In the digital era of the 21st century, the development of information and communication technology has had a significant impact on the world of education, opening up more flexible learning spaces through online platforms. Learning that is no longer limited to the classroom, utilizes blended learning—a combination of face-to-face and online learnin...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

This paper presents the views of 12 primary education teachers who participated in an educational workshop entitled: ‘The difficulty in approaching surrealist poetry within the classroom and the transformation of the teachers’ views through art. The role of imagination.’ The aim of the workshop was to harness the power of imagination in order to st...

The rapid advancement of technology is reshaping libraries into dynamic hubs for innovation and learning, heralding the era of smart libraries. These futuristic spaces combine traditional library functions with cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and cloud computing to meet...

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly tools such as ChatGPT, is transforming education by enhancing self-regulated learning (SRL) and critical thinking skills, two essential competencies in the digital era. This study systematically analyzes the impact of generative AI on these skills using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for...

Objective: to develop an educational technology for the nursing team's initial care of adult patients with severe burns. Method: methodological study consisting of three stages: 1) literature review; 2) construction of the educational technology; and 3) validation by expert judges. Data was collected from June to December 2023. The validation proce...

This study studies how the Library Katta initiative impacts students' academic and personal growth at an engineering college. Data was gathered from 105 students across various academic years and disciplines, including primarily undergraduate and BBA students. Participants shared their experiences with the initiative and its effect on different asp...

This study aims to improve the critical thinking skills of third-grade elementary students in Social Science (IPS) through the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles involving 32 students, consisting of 18 female students and 14 male students, at an elementary school in Gresik, East Java...

It is being increasingly recognized that the strategic use of artificial intelligence (AI) can catalyze the process of manuscript writing. However, it is imperative that we recognize the hidden biases, pitfalls, and disadvantages of relying solely on AI, such as accuracy concerns and the potential erosion of nuanced human insight. With an emphasis...

Scientific and Technological Initiation (STI) is essential for academic and professional training, promoting scientific skills and critical and ethical thinking. In the Brazilian Federal Network for Professional, Scientific, and Technological Education institutions, STI guidance benefits both students and mentors. However, the factors that motivate...

The article proposes a technique for conducting intelligence analysis aimed at developing analytical products. It consists of three stages: formulating analytical questions, stakeholder analysis, and systemic analysis using fuzzy cognitive mapping. The approach integrates theoretical concepts from political science, international relations, and sec...

The primary objective of this book is to present a comprehensive and interdisciplinary resource that addresses the development and implementation of sustainable educational frameworks in pharmacy education. This book seeks to bridge the gap between traditional pedagogical approaches and the emerging demands for sustainability, inclusivity, and digi...

Background and Aims: Phenomenon-Based Learning is important because it connects academic content to real-world issues, making learning more meaningful and engaging for students. It improves critical thinking and prepares students to face real-world challenges by addressing complex, multifaceted problems from multiple perspectives. This paper aims t...

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of higher education, offering novel opportunities for personalised learning and innovative assessment methods. This paper explores the dual-edged nature of GenAI’s integration into educational practices, focusing on both its potential to enhance student engagement and...

The transition from traditional teaching to mentoring in medical education is urgently required to create future-ready physicians, researchers, and medical teachers in India. A roadmap was drawn by the pioneers of modern medicine more than 100 years ago, who mentored and prepared the next generation of subspecialists and teachers. We need mentors r...

Logical reasoning is of great importance in citizenship education, in fact, it is considered a key aspect for the development of critical thinking. This study aims to explore secondary school students’ logical reasoning skills and the effects that scientific creativity, calibration, scientific literacy, grade level, and gender have on them. A quant...

As the integration of digital technologies continues to shape academic landscapes, assessing digital literacy in the context of academic writing becomes paramount. Several instruments and frameworks are available for measuring digital literacy and examining it from different perspectives; however, none are suitable for measuring the digital literac...

Reading the yellow book (kitab kuning) for students in Islamic boarding schools is very important because various religious studies always use the yellow book as a medium to study it in depth. This research reveals the effectiveness of the sorogan method in improving the competence of reading the yellow book among students of the Pasca-Amtsilati do...

This paper explores the motivational factors that enhance student engagement in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) reading, focusing on its significance in equipping learners with essential academic skills, particularly in context of Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research involved semi-structured interv...

Purpose Given that motor speech and/or swallowing impairments are the first or among the first signs of neurodegenerative disorders and given that cognitive deficits may also develop as part of disease progression, the purpose of this case report was to highlight an example of an evidence-based practice (EBP) process applied to a case of an individ...

This systematic review analyses the relationships between violence, hate speech, discrimination, and video games. A comprehensive search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases identified 47 relevant studies published between 2018 and 2023. The review examines how video games may provide fertile ground for online violence, hate speech, and discr...

This study sought to fathom on the quest for the adoption of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Early Childhood Development (ECD) settings in the Central Circuit of Hurungwe District. Adopting and embracing the use of ICTs in the education fraternity at ECD level is critically important in laying a strong base for sustainable education...

This pre-review version for the Cambridge Elements series on Generative AI in Education explores the emergent discourses surrounding generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and society. It positions generative AI as a transformative communication technology and a mediator of meaning, shifting education from traditional knowledge transm...

Education is based on a process that attempts to profile individual behavior via learning. Although this process includes formal and informal dimensions, it could be suggested that both dimensions are effective on the behavior of the individual. Several factors affect the educational process. These variables are significant determinants that affect...

This article explores rationalism, a significant epistemological theory that posits reason as the primary source of knowledge, contrasting with empiricism which emphasizes sensory experience. The article delves into the historical development of rationalist thought, from the ancient Greeks to modern philosophers. Key historical figures, including P...

This paper explores the evolution of educational policies in India, focusing on the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. NPE 1986 was introduced to promote equality and access to education, emphasizing vocational training, technical education, and the eradication of disparities. However, it largely m...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Critical thinking skills are needed to improve students' ability to face life's challenges in the 21st century. The RBL model offers another approach: students are placed as active subjects to improve critical thinking skills. This study aims to systemically design learning by integrating the principles and learning model of RBL to enhance critical...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Empowering women to assume leadership roles requires educational models that address systemic barriers while fostering essential skills and mindsets. Integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) into holistic curriculum design represents a transformative approach to women's leadership development. STEAM-based educatio...

Esports or competitive video gaming has been increasingly utilized to enhance essential twenty-first century skills. However, there is limited evidence on the extent to which the skills acquired from a gaming environment can be transferred to other settings. This study employed an experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of a competitiv...

Background Limited studies have explored the use of the hybrid approach combining team-based learning (TBL) and case-based learning (CBL) in dental education. This study evaluates how students perceive the hybrid TBL-CBL approach to learning endodontics and determines whether gender and ethnicity impact students’ perceptions. Methods The final-yea...

This study focuses on biology subjects and explores how biology teachers perceive using artificial intelligence (AI) in education and how they plan to incorporate it into their teaching practices. To achieve this goal, the study proceeded as follows: First, a questionnaire was developed. Based on initial items from previous research, a draft was cr...

21st-century learning emphasizes the use of technology in the teaching and learning process. One way that educators can optimize technology-based learning is by developing interesting teaching materials in the form of e-modules. This research aims to develop an e-module assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) integrated with Science, Technology, Enginee...

This study aims to examine the relationship between employee training and development programs and customer satisfaction levels within the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on MaxOne Hotels in Makassar. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates employee surveys, customer feedback, and performance metric analysis to asses...

Background Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) is an evidence-based pedagogical approach that uses art analysis and structured inquiry to enhance observation, critical thinking, and teamwork, especially in medical training for clinical skills development. This study aimed to compare the short-term and delayed follow-up effects of integrating Visual Th...

This study explores the effectiveness of inquiry-based teaching for those learning Arabic as a foreign language, particularly in terms of vocabulary acquisition, interpersonal communication, classroom engagement, critical thinking, and learner autonomy. A structured questionnaire was administered to students enrolled in Arabic courses to evaluate t...

Mobile learning (M-Learning) allows chemistry students to access educational resources anytime, anywhere, aiding in problem-solving and critical thinking skills. However, it is necessary to identify the components and objectives of M-Learning that have specific usage in chemistry education. Despite the global focus on e-learning, there is currently...

Students often need help with reading comprehension, understanding, and retaining the meaning of the text. Overcoming reading difficulties involves teaching learners metacognitive strategies for effective reading. Metacognitive reading strategies enable readers to engage more actively with the material, improving comprehension, retention, and criti...