Critical Analysis - Science topic

Good Afternoon Cyprian Nyamori

firstly you, highlights the current legal and regulatory framework governing sports activities, the challenges faced in implementation, and areas for improvement in Kenya. basically, Sports law is a nascent field that intersects with various legal domains such as Athlete harassment law, contract law, labour law, intellectual property Rights(IPR) law, and criminal law.

Hi,

You can follow this paper.

Princewill Udoh Unfortunately many journals are not represented in RG's menu. The best you can do is upload your article and include the publication details in the title.

Here is my own example of resorting to that workaround:

Dear Gasim Abdul Kareem Unfortunately it is found out that for example ChatGPT creates fake references https://teche.mq.edu.au/2023/02/why-does-chatgpt-generate-fake-references/

The creation of proper references is still abridge too far.

Best regards.

The significance of impairment in the context of education means that it is concerned with the direct impact on the learning experience, including structural changes to make it an assurance of inclusiveness and equity. Physical, sensory, cognitive, or emotional impairments are unique and represent significant challenges that redefine a student's ability to engage with conventional learning and environments.

The significance of impairment within the education framework is founded on the principle that all human beings, regardless of any form of impairment, have a right to aspire toward an appreciable quality of education. These institutions increasingly focus on inclusive practices in order to promote an equal opportunity for learning for students with special needs. The emphasis on impairment then brings the universal design in necessity to educational environments: accessible classrooms and assistive technologies.

Impairment of an education-related nature has significant legal implications arising from frameworks that include the law on equal rights of persons with disabilities, like the ADA in the U.S. and the IDEA, which prescribes reasonable accommodation. These policies highlight an ethical requirement for institutions of learning to ensure that support is availed to learners with impairments in such a manner that they are not marginalized or disadvantaged.

The significance of impairment also involves design adjustments of curriculum programs and pedagogical strategies. Program modification should come in the form of differentiated teaching, individualized education plans and diversified methods of assessment in response to individual learning needs. These instructional modifications foster equality and help in reducing the effect of the impairment on performance.

An impaired learner can experience social stigmatization, rejection, and mental health challenges in a learning environment. This might affect their self-esteem, motivational levels, and their uptake in school life. Such psychological considerations have to be made for a learning environment to be positive and caring.

At the forefront, educators have a central role in identifying learning problems and accommodating impairments. Only with adequate training in strategies for inclusive education and sensitivity to students' diverse needs can their learning effects be mitigated. The administrators must ensure that resources, policies, and support systems respond to the needs of students with impairments.

The significance of impairment in education poses challenges to the underlying equity, access, and social justice values. It involves the need to change the mind from perceptions associated with the deficit model of impairment toward the consideration of impairment as a dimension of human diversity. Significance in this place is not only through the provision of facilities but also through the rethinking of educational practices to be responsive to the needs of all learners. In this sense, critical scrutiny is needed for the present structures, policies, and pedagogies in place to be inclusive, just, and relevant to the full promotion of all learner potentials.

Here’s a brief comparison between Critical Analysis of Speech (CAS) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA):

Both methods aim to reveal underlying power dynamics and ideologies but operate at different levels and scopes of analysis.

Himanshu Tiwari

Indigenous Technology Knowledge (ITK) refers to the traditional knowledge and practices developed by indigenous communities over generations to manage natural resources sustainably. In the context of organic farming, ITK encompasses a wealth of traditional practices that contribute to soil fertility and crop health. Conducting a critical analysis of ITK for nutrient management in organic farming involves examining the effectiveness, ecological sustainability, and cultural significance of these practices. Here's a critical analysis focusing on traditional practices that promote soil fertility and crop health:

1. Use of Organic Amendments:

- Traditional practices often involve the use of organic amendments such as compost, animal manure, crop residues, and green manures to enhance soil fertility. These materials provide a balanced supply of nutrients, improve soil structure, and stimulate microbial activity.

- Critical Analysis: While organic amendments are effective in replenishing soil nutrients and organic matter, their availability and quality may vary depending on local resources and cultural practices. Careful attention should be paid to sourcing and managing organic amendments to avoid contamination and nutrient imbalances.

2. Crop Rotation and Intercropping:

- Indigenous farmers often practice crop rotation and intercropping to diversify plant species, optimize nutrient uptake, and suppress pests and diseases. By alternating crops with different nutrient requirements and growth habits, soil fertility can be maintained and improved over time.

- Critical Analysis: Crop rotation and intercropping are valuable strategies for enhancing soil fertility and biodiversity. However, their effectiveness may depend on factors such as climate, soil type, and socio-economic conditions. Adaptation and customization of traditional cropping systems are necessary to ensure compatibility with modern organic farming practices.

3. Biofertilizers and Microbial Inoculants:

- Indigenous farming communities have developed traditional biofertilizers and microbial inoculants using locally available materials such as cow dung, ash, and plant extracts. These inoculants contain beneficial microorganisms that enhance nutrient availability, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and suppress soil-borne pathogens.

- Critical Analysis: While traditional biofertilizers and microbial inoculants can improve soil fertility and crop health, their effectiveness may vary depending on factors such as microbial diversity, application methods, and environmental conditions. Scientific validation and adaptation of traditional inoculation techniques are needed to optimize their use in organic farming systems.

4. Agroforestry and Silvopastoral Systems:

- Indigenous farmers often integrate trees, shrubs, and livestock into agricultural landscapes through agroforestry and silvopastoral systems. These systems enhance soil fertility by increasing organic matter inputs, providing shade and windbreaks, and promoting biodiversity.

- Critical Analysis: Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems offer numerous benefits for soil fertility and crop health, including erosion control, carbon sequestration, and diversification of income sources. However, their adoption may require changes in land tenure systems, cultural norms, and policy frameworks to overcome barriers to implementation.

5. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK):

- Indigenous communities possess traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) that encompasses holistic approaches to land stewardship, soil management, and crop cultivation. TEK integrates indigenous spiritual, cultural, and social values with practical techniques for sustainable agriculture.

- Critical Analysis: TEK represents a valuable resource for organic farming and sustainable development. However, its transmission and preservation are often threatened by rapid socio-economic changes, cultural assimilation, and loss of traditional lands. Efforts to document, revitalize, and integrate TEK into modern organic farming initiatives are essential for preserving indigenous knowledge and promoting socio-ecological resilience.

In conclusion, Indigenous Technology Knowledge (ITK) offers a rich repository of traditional practices for nutrient management in organic farming. Critical analysis of these practices reveals their effectiveness, ecological sustainability, and cultural significance in promoting soil fertility and crop health. Integration of ITK with modern scientific knowledge and participatory approaches is essential for advancing organic farming systems that are both environmentally sustainable and culturally appropriate.

Based on the initial review of your book, "The Improbability of and Danger in Believing in Reincarnation," here are some constructive criticisms focusing on text size, formatting, citations, and other observations:

These suggestions aim to enhance the readability, academic rigor, and impact of your work. Tailoring the book to address these areas can significantly contribute to its success and the broader discourse on reincarnation and its implications across various fields of study.

About the study itself. Make sure to include data such as regional locations, and applicability of the paper in a universal manner. Do not just consider humans? Maybe an extremely interesting pooint would be to examine this as if you were from another planet. Now that would be novel.

I hope this helps you in your reseach, and feel free to ask any other questions.

Careful selection of a target journal is important for several reasons. You will want to publish in a reputable journal that is both appropriate for your field and appropriate for the particular study, for example, a clinical study versus a basic research study or methods paper. Some journals also have strict word limits, and it is important to check those limits before writing your manuscript because having to cut words from an overly long manuscript can require a lot of extra time and work. Similarly, some journals only allow a small number of figures and tables. If you have many figures, consider choosing a journal that publishes longer papers. Although some figures can usually go into supplementary data, your key figures should fit into the main part of the paper.

However, you should also be flexible with regard to the selection of a target journal. Once you assemble your data, you may find that (as indicated above) you have too many figures and tables for some journals, or you may realize that your data would fit better in a different type of journal than originally planned. For example, you may have more biochemical data than genetics data, so perhaps a biochemistry journal would be suitable. Also, if you have chosen a top-tier journal, you may realize that you need additional data to publish there, in which case you might decide that you can publish more quickly in a lower-tier journal.

Fortunately, many journals now allow “format neutral” manuscripts for the first submission, so you may not have to worry too much about formatting details. However, a "format neutral" journal may still have specific requirements on the length of the main text, the length and format of the abstract, line numbering and page numbering, and on whether supplementary information is allowed, so always check the author guidelines.

Finally, even if you firmly believe that your manuscript deserves to be published in a particular journal, the editor and peer reviewers may not agree with your opinion! Having a paper rejected can be very frustrating, but it happens frequently, and so it is a good idea to keep a second (or even third, etc.) choice of journal in mind to avoid long delays in publishing your work.

Computer says 'no'. Computers are programmed by humans. Societies are composed of humans and therefore ideas are from humans.

بامكانك الاطلاع على ماقدمته النظريات النقدية الحديثة ولاسيما بما يخص النقد المقارن

Well done dear Dr. Ljubomir.

Kindest regards.

Hi,

I suggest you see the links on the topic.

Best regards

Dear Ahmad, Teachers must first teach critical thinking skills, for example, teach to observe in an orderly manner, compare, classify information, represent information, retain information, infer information, analyze information, how information is analyzed and exemplify, how to evaluate information. These are one of the ways to teach these skills, so that our students learn to analyze, evaluate and create new information. Best regards

Definitely can.

The guidance/illustrations as per the following publications may further help:

Hello

In my opinion, you can find other leadership theories to include in business theories. There are theories as distributed leadership more adequate to these times

Best regards

Ph.D. Ingrid del Valle Gracía Carreño

Hello

You can find articles in SCOPUS or Web Of Science

Best regards

Thanks, for your compliment.

Thanks for your valuable question

Diary noting is often useful. An interesting question.

read this one

As a model of persuasion - advertising or otherwise - ELM quite well fits data so it would be hard to make a compelling argument critical of it. You might look to the competing dual process model, Heuristic-Systematic Persuasion (Chaiken et al., 1989). If you're looking for a more distinct alternative perspective, maybe consider Motivation & Opportunity as Determinants (MODE) Model (Fazio, 1989). Hope this helps, Muhammad. ~ Kevin

Good responses from Madelaine and Peter.

Paul - why not a combination of your 'list' of strategies - especially in terms of 'scaffolding'? So start with a mini-test (say 10%) that is essentially 'rote-learning' testing i.e. what are the underlying principles and then scaffold up to a final 40-60% 'test' that is perhaps a reflection on a critical case/scenario. The marking rubrics would reflect Bloom's verbs - as you progress in the assessments from 'describing' to critical reflection.

I believe that science still has room for spiritual things. What comes under parapsychology is more into the spiritual component in my opinion.

Check this out, it may give you ideas:

The influence of music on the surgical task performance: A systematic review

Ethnography does not require you to conduct interviews, but you must base your conclusions on the analysis of documents that represent the dominant discourse of the epoch. Your research has as its object a "civilized" society this can easily be obtained from historical documents produced by this society. I suggest you make a scientific cut in your research base and use official documents that represent these toxic speeches: they can be complaints from ordinary people to some body that regulates their profession or even court sentences in difficult cases (favorable and unfavorable). The important thing is to define your object and analyze with this perspective.

If you mean the introduction, that should be descriptive regardless of whether it is a LR or a SLR. It should describe the problem, previous research/ other similar reviews, and explain what your review is adding. Hope this helps.

Here is another by William Bond that may be relevant:

Thank you Helia Rahbari and Hassan Hameed for your suggestions.

I think you should do the analysis of the percentage to show a general trend. BUT don't forget: don't do the ANOVA directly on the percentages! you have to do 2 transformations of the percentage before: first calcul the square root of the percentage, and after the ARCSIN transformation of the square root. THen come the ANOVA analysis [see explainations in Zar 2009]. I would process a nested anova: highest level - types of pairies. Second level: the sites. Lowest level: the sampling points in each site. After you can calculate the percentage of impact / value of each 3 levels on the total variance (simple calcul well explained in Sokal and Rohlf 2012 ): so you will be informed the the type of prairie influence the variance of your data as XX%, the sites as YY% and the sampling points in each site RR% and discuss this information.

Dear

Thank you very much for this vast knowledge.

Br.

M. Mechiche

This many not be what you are looking for, but here is a process my colleagues and I use to analyze critical thinking in writing. Maybe there is some element you can use.

Ajmal, in addition to the good advice Michael has given you to look at those two books, I will add that after you are familiar with the various film theories to consider your research question or thesis. What is it that you want to know or find out about Pakistani films? How many films are you analyzing? The answers to these questions will help you narrow down the type of theoretical approach you are going to use to frame the analysis..

To narrow it further you might try something used to do when I taught criticism at the grad level. I had my student take a single film and then do several short papers over the semester applying different theoretical approaches or methods to analyzing it to determine the best approach. You may not have that luxury, but if you think two or three theories might be equally useful you can try a modified version of that approach.

I hope this advice helps and good luck.

Apart from nuances that may not be relevant in the context of a particular discussion, many statements of aesthetic criticism, linguistic or philosophical, will be interchangeable. One critic might say that artwork A falls short in respect of exhibiting property P, whereas another might say instead that the predicate "P" is not properly applicable to artwork A, or artwork A lies outside the range of artworks to which the expression "P" is applicable. So we can shift back and forth between talk about properties (philosophical items in an ontology) and talk about predicates (expressions in a language). When the differences in nuance do begin to matter, I think that one has crossed the border from aesthetic criticism to metaphysics.

Hello Emmanuel

The references below ought to get you started. Best wishes with your project:

Busher, H and Harris, A, 1999, ‘Leadership of school subject areas: tensions and dimensions of managing in the middle’, School Leadership and Management, 19(3): 305–17.

Harris, A. (2008). Distributed school leadership: Developing tomorrow’s leaders. Oxon, UK: Routledge.

Jones, C. (2006). Learning from the Middle. Warwick: National College for School Leadership.

Siguroardatti, A. (2010). Professional Learning Community in Relation to School effectiveness, Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research Series: Vol 5. (pp. 395 – 412).

Wise, C, 2000, Being a Curriculum Leader Helping Colleagues to Improve Learning, in Subject Leadership and School Improvement, in Busher, H, Harris, A and Wise, C, 2000, Subject Leadership and School Improvement, London, Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd, chapters 3 and 5.

A practically oriented analysis can be found here:

Greetings, Sebastian

Andrzej (above) provides an excellent answer and states most of the things I would wish to say. In addition, I would prefer the term 'Capitaloscene' to 'Anthroposcene' on the basis that early homo sapiens and human civilisations up to the last 500 years did not have a huge impact on the natural environment. The advent of capitalist society, developing from the 14th century, but speeding up its expansion rapidly from about 1750, has had the main impact on such phenomena as climate change. Secondly, I would recommend highly Jason Moore's book on these issues: "Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital" (Verso, 2015).

Hi, Houda,

The challenge in answering your question is the context for which you are intending the literature review. At the highest level, a literature review should meet the criterion for a Campbell/Cochrane review - comprehensive, objective, replicable, and transparent. These are very high standards and are probably most relevant to the preparation of a doctoral dissertation or a career capstone project in which a researcher is attempting to add to the Campbell/Cochrane libraries.

When preparing a literature review for a small research project, the key is to find a good systematic review or meta-analysis upon which to anchor the project. The literature review is then focused on the most recent addenda to this anchor.

By "critical process" I assume you are referring to the analysis, synthesis, and creative interpretation of prior research. For this there is simply no simple or direct path. Mastery of prior research findings must travel the slow pathway of Bloom's taxonomy - building slowly up the chain from remembering to understanding to applying to analyzing to evaluating/synthesizing to creating. This is, after all, the entire academic endeavor regardless of our disciplinary focus.

 Dear Thomas,

Take a look at our paper comparing trails and roads used to count primates using the line transect method. I hope it would be useful to you. Bests

A variety of ways of assessing reliability / survivability are covered in good research by Kim and Song (and there are other papers using this reliability approach)

"Examining Accessibility and Reliability in the Evolution of Subway Systems"

It is available here

Dear @Zornitsa, @Dean has attached his excellent resource Searching and reviewing the research literature and Critically reviewing research studies by Zevia Schneider. 

I am free to add some more resources Introduction to the Scientific Method , The Scientific method, and RESEARCH METHODOLOGY!

Good luck!

Dear colleague, I note your observations. More or less I know your tradition and the opinion of authors of draft as Gauss, Waldo, Frederickson, ... as well as our European tradition. I do not know, and I will concern myself, for that aspect of Keynes. About  the reference to the Schumpeterian deconstruction. I have defined in a book  current paradigm Public Administration (since the 2008 crisis) as deconstruction of political-administrative and scientific dissolution of administrative  Science.

But   the discipline  is stuck, trapped in time.

Thank you

Estimada Prof. Rodríguez Castilla

En estos últimos años estuve desarrollando un proyecto de investigación que, si bien no se refiere específicamente a doctorandos, trabajó sobre un colectivo que incluye personas con ese perfil. El proyecto, recién terminado, consiste en un estudio de usuarios de sistemas de información en el área tecnológica industrial argentina, centrado en los procesos de búsqueda de información en entornos digitales. En su desarrollo han surgido distintos aspectos de la conducta informativa del grupo; entre ellos hay varios relacionados con las competencias informacionales para el análisis crítico del planteo y desarrollo de los procesos de búsqueda, así como de la información obtenida.

Este trabajo está relacionado con mi tesis de doctorado, que en estos días ha entrado en proceso de evaluación. Por motivos reglamentarios, en estos momentos aún no puedo difundirla, pero si a usted le interesara, más adelante puedo compartir el texto.

Mert Cubukcu's answer is correct, but plan evaluation techniques involves much more than Cost-Benefit Analysis (COBA). I would like to refer you to a comprehensive treatise of this all important subject  in urban planning, and that is: Oliveira, Vitor and Pinho, Paulo (2010) 'Evaluation in Urban Planning' Journal of Planning Literature, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 343-361.

The work diciphers three typologies or perspectives of evaluation theory and approaches, viz.: policy programme, planning theory, and welfare economics perspectives (ex ante methods and classification scheme). Under this framework, COBA, along with planning balance sheet analysis, goals-achievement analysis, mult-criteria analysis, and environmental impace assessment are part and parcel of ex ante subgroup of welfare economics perspective.

The also went ahead to distinguish between conformance-based and performance-based approaches to plan evaluation in contemporrary literature. I do believe the article addresses your question, and so try to source a copy for yourself. I only have a hard copy, otherwise I could have sent you a soft copy. All the best in your research endeavours, Damilola!

Hi Aliraza, are you looking for generic or subject specific critical skills? If it's generic, there are some basic academic critical skills recommended by Cottrel:

Cottrell, S. (2013) The Study Skills

Cottrell, S. (2011) Critical Thinking Skills: Developing Effective Analysis & Arguments

The suggested skills could be easily adapted to design your own questionnaire to suit your students/research participants. Hope this helps.

I found Clyde Prestowitz's analysis of the Post-crisis America (in his book, the Betrayal of American Prosperity) in relation to the rest of the world to be penetrating. Arguing for a return to the trajectory set in the pre-Reagan era.  Especially in terms of what type of globalization  is desirable and the areas of neglect (mostly institutional) if rectified that would put America back on a surer footing. Hailing from Asia, it gave me a peek into an alternative perspective - through the lens of an analyst that has his sights on a declining economic giant. Proving once again that decline, like prosperity, is an ever-present danger, prefiguring halts and hurdles to Asian growth if it doesn't learn from the lessons of economic history ( which may not be regional-centric and may be as relevant to all even though it concerns: America's, Europe, or even Japan for that matter). I believe we need to have a broader understanding of the underlying progression or policies and where this takes us in terms of the likely developmental trajectory. Clyde does a fantastic job of "cliometrics" while providing a running commentary on the relevant economic empirics...

What if an instructor was to sit down face to face with a student and have them "defend" what they wrote? There are students who, when you read their papers, you realize they "get it". It is very apparent a great deal of critical thinking AND creative thinking is going on!! It is really very refreshing to happen upon those individuals whose minds are constantly probing, searching, and questioning ideas, concepts, theories, etc. However many students have been, as I explained recently in a presentation I gave on Critical Thinking, taught their entire lives to "color within the lines". How do you encourage them to step out of those boundaries, explore the possibilities, doubt, question, gather as much information as they can about any given topic and push themselves to think even further?

I believe we need to give students permission to be wrong, to not simply perform for us and get the grade we want from them (to make us look good?). We need to actually hear them think out loud, beyond the confines of the written word.