Courts - Science topic

Legislators and policymakers worldwide are debating options for suppressing illegal, harmful and undesirable material online. Drawing on several quantitative data sources, we show that deplatforming an active community to suppress online hate and harassment, even with a substantial concerted effort involving several tech firms, can be hard. Our cas...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by impairments in social interactions, communication, hypersensitivity, and systematic patterns of behavior. Although the large majority of individuals with ASD are law-abiding, many individuals with ASD continue to become involved in the criminal-legal system as de...

The issue of defects in residential buildings has been reported to impact the performance of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Defects can increase the construction cost, significantly contribute to the increment of construction waste and cause stress to home occupants. To minimise these effects the first step is to un...

Constitution of people’s republic of Bangladesh guaranteed certain rights under part- 3 named as fundamental rights. But those rights are not absolute these are subject to restrictions. Restriction should be reasonable; it should not be arbitrary. Right to determine the reasonableness of a restriction is vested in the court. Some rights restrict on...

"Piercing the Corporate Veil: A Comprehensive Guide for Attorneys" delves into the legal doctrine that allows litigants to hold shareholders personally liable for the actions of a corporation. Recognized as a fundamental tenet in corporate law, this principle ensures the proper balance between protecting individual shareholders from personal liabil...

The concept of a systemic fundamental rights violation refers to a particular set of violations that are both widespread and embedded, so their reoccurrence may be assumed to be likely. It takes on at least two distinctive roles in EU asylum law and policy. One role is linked with the functioning of the principle of mutual trust, a principle that o...

The signing of the 2018 Indonesia-Singapore BIT is a new chapter for Indonesia in establishing international relations in the field of investment after in 2013 Indonesia stopped the 2005 Indonesia-Singapore BIT because it was more in favor of foreign investors. This alignment is contained in the Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism wh...

In analyzing the mission of the European Court of Human Rights, it is common to distinguish between what is akin to “individual justice” and what is more akin to “constitutional justice.” The way in which the Court combines the two depends on its “judicial policy.” In this contribution, we will examine how the “systemic” nature of the violations co...

Security of data exchanged and authentication of the content received are of paramount importance in the fields like healthcare, defense, the court of law, etc. In this paper, we propose a reversible embedding framework for effectively securing data besides authenticating the content at the receiver. It makes use of a Block-Based Histogram Bin Shif...

This article explores the use of the systemic criterion in the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) case law on judicial independence under Article 19(1)(2) Treaty on European Union (TEU). It starts from the observation that ever since the Portuguese Judges judgment, the case law has moved towards a more abstract and general assessment of issues of ju...

As codified in professional guidelines, professional interpreters should faithfully interpret everything that has been said exactly as the original speakers. In other words, court interpreters are expected to adequately interpret both the content and the manner of original utterances into their pragmatic equivalence to the best of their knowledge....

This essay discusses the extent to which the rules of private nuisance enable the courts to balance the rights of neighbouring occupiers of land. It begins by looking at nuisance in its ordinary sense, and then looking at nuisance in law by taking a glimpse at its aspects in law; that is, the crime and the tort of nuisance. Then it looks at the tor...

The commented judgment concerns the admissibility of repackaging medicinal products in parallel trade. It was issued in connection with new EU regulations aimed at counteracting the counterfeiting of such products. The Court examined how the regulations in question affect the scope of rights enjoyed by the owners of trademarks affixed to products,...

Inhibition is the key factor of attentional control (AC). Basketball players are typically exposed to noise from the audience or opposing teams while competing. These distractions disrupt the attentional systems, ultimately compromise the athletes’ inhibition ability and directly affect their performance on the court. Hence, effective AC strategies...

Le Parc National des Oiseaux du Djoudj (PNOD) figure parmi les plus grands quartiers d’hivernage des espèces d’oiseaux d’eau paléarctiques en Afrique. Dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal fortement modifié par la gestion hydraulique et le développement de la riziculture, il constitue une enclave ayant conservé de nombreux aspects naturels. La richesse e...

The article discusses the role for systemic and particular deficiencies in EU criminal law. It does so by analyzing in depth that law as regards the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), but also across measures of EU criminal law that have not yet been explored under this light. While the attention of the literature has been mainly on the EAW and the way...

Between 1870 and 1945, the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy provided uniquely broad legal protection to subordinates who perpetrated crimes under the orders of military superiors. Legal immunity was provided not only to soldiers who obeyed orders contrary to international law, but also to those who under orders violated domestic standing legislation...

Bearing in mind that the Croatian Constitutional Court recently abolished the provisions on the authentic interpretation of the law, and considering the fact that it is a legal institute which raised a number of criticisms among the scientific and professional public and resulted in opposite positions of the Croatian Constitutional Court on the que...

To what extent does a domestic court, like the S.

The administration follow a broad rule of legality in all of its acts. However, if there are no legitimate mechanisms for citizens to oversee the government as it fulfills its tasks, this subordination will remain a theoretical concern. It is possible that the administration actions will hurt others in practice. Its need to compensate the affected...

RESUME Introduction : La varicocèle est une dilatation variqueuse des veines du plexus pampiniforme, motif fréquent de consultation allant d’une gêne scrotale, douleur testiculaire, atrophie testiculaire à une infertilité. Le traitement de la varicocèle a connu de grands progrès au cours de cette dernière décennie de la simple résection scrotale...

This chapter provides an overview of the current state of the literature on public opinion and legitimacy of the courts. It begins by outlining the competing theoretical perspectives and giving an overview of the state of the empirical literature for different courts and countries. The chapter then proceeds to examine the main data and methodologic...

Notational analysis and new technologies have allowed a better understanding of tactical actions in tennis. In particular, the combined analysis of different variables affecting performance is necessary to understand the relationships between actions in competition. The aim of this research was to analyse the probability of winning a point in men’s...

The article is devoted to the study of European standards of judicial independence. Acquiring the status of a candidate country in the EU obliges Ukraine to carry out a number of transformations of social and political institutions, and judicial reform is one of them. This will require systemic measures, and not just amendments to legislation aimed...

Although charter schools are commonly characterized as public schools, they are really hybrid institutions that possess both public-school and private-school characteristics. Because of this hybrid nature, it is unclear whether charter school boards are state actors that must comply with the Constitution. Indeed, the Fourth and Ninth Circuits have...

The purpose of this article is to review the case law of administrative courts from recent years concerned with the re­moval of a monument from the monuments register. This procedure should be applied with extreme caution, in accordance with the le­gal rules and interpretation of the administrative courts, in particu­lar with regard to the premise...

The article addresses the issue of protection of fictional characters in the context of their location in popular culture. The author, on the basis of case law and doctrine, analyzes the prerequisites for granting protection under copyright law and industrial property law, emphasizing first of all the location of the fictional character in pop cult...

Drawing on Brown and Fraser’s (in: Giles, Scherer (eds) Social markers in speech, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 33–62, 1979) framework for the analysis of communicative situations and Fuentes Rodríguez’s (Lingüística pragmática y Análisis del discurso, Arco Libros, Madrid, 2000; in Estudios de Lingüística: Investigaciones lingüísticas e...

In the search for an optimal pattern of conduct for the settlement of disputes concerning the ownership of cultural property, the article characterises the legal means and conciliation initiatives available to states. The discussion is limited to the forms of cooperation confirmed in international law instruments, developed especially in the framew...

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a performance de O jovem rico, narrativa escrita pelo evangelista Lucas, contida na Bíblia, precisamente no Novo Testamento. Para esta análise, utilizamos a teoria da Semiótica Discursiva a partir dos estudos de Greimas, considerando também Courtés, Saussure e Hjelmslev, e em estudos compilados por brasileiros a e...

Some recent work in legal theory argues that legal questions boil down to moral questions. On this view, lawyers and judges are ultimately interested in the moral effect of things done by legal institutions. This view has been called the ‘new legal anti-positivism’. So far, it has not given a convincing account of precedent. That is, it has not exp...

The environmentally harmful yet common practice of storing and destroying IP-infringing goods is untenable. This contribution discusses a number of more sustainable alternative remedies that can be considered with the aim of creating a balance between the interests of rights holders in ending infringements and the societal interest in environmental...

Dijitalleşmenin son derece gelişim gösterdiği çağımızda bilgi güç hâline gelmiş, kişisel veriler işlenerek yürütülen ticari faaliyetlerle birlikte kişisel veriler dijital ortamda önem kazanmıştır. Bu durum ise, kitlesel kişisel veri işleme karşısında bireylerde kişisel verilerinin kontrollerini kendi ellerinde tutamadığı düşüncesine yol açmış, böyl...

Algorithmic decision-making is now widespread, ranging from health care allocation to more common actions such as recommendation or information ranking. The aim to audit these algorithms has grown alongside. In this article, we focus on external audits that are conducted by interacting with the user side of the target algorithm, and hence considere...

The constitutional review of the provisions of the Act on Protection of and Care of Historical Monuments has so far been initi­ated eleven times, with the use of various procedures and with differ­ent results, because so far only three matters have been substantially resolved. The subject of this study is an analysis of constitutional problems diag...

A large and growing number of colleges and universities have invested in the development of campus support programs (CSPs) that specifcally aim to support students with experience in foster care (SEFC). However, the evidence base for CSPs remains quite limited. The current study seeks to contribute to the literature with a mixed methods evaluation...

Edited by Peter Brown and Jan Čermák New essays examining Bohemia as a key European context for understanding Chaucer's poetry. Chaucer never went to Bohemia but Bohemia came to him when, in 1382, King Richard II of England married Anne, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. Charles's splendid court in Prague was renowned across Europe fo...

The number of disputes related to water that reach courts in Chile has increased in the last decades, the topics of these disputes have become more complex, and the current conflict resolution system has not been able to adjust to this situation. This study analyzes colonial texts from water-related conflicts that were addressed at the Royal Hearin...

At least there has been a development regarding the constitutional authority of the Constitutional Court in four ways based on its decision. It is also true that the Constitutional Court's decision is final and binding, but not in the sense of not being examined further. This study uses normative research methods. The results revealed four developm...

Writing in 2022, Mark Wolf, Richard Goldstone, and Robert Rotberg detail a proposal for the establishment of an International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC), a plan that has received some diplomatic support from Canada, Ecuador, and the Netherlands. The focus of this article rests on asset recovery in the context of the proposal. Among the questions...

Introduction to Symposium on the Proposal to Create an International Anti-Corruption Court

This article examines Australia’s obligation to investigate war crimes in the context of its obligations under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This obligation is contrasted with Australia’s investigation of war crimes to date, with a particular focus on the current investigations into alleged war crimes by Australian Def...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has started to impact many facets of the economy and people’s routine activities. This article contributes to our understanding of how the legal system is reacting to the ongoing uptake of AI and the disputes or right infringements this uptake creates. Select legal cases regarding the use of AI technology for automated...

The Supreme Court’s long‐awaited decision in the Harvard case has been hailed as a victory for constitutional principles. But it may not eliminate race‐based discrimination in higher education. The question the courts will ultimately have to engage is whether retaining preferences in college admissions to which minorities do not have equal access c...

This article argues that an international anti-corruption court has to respect the functional and personal immunity of officials of states that are not a party to it. If an exception applies to immunity before international courts that prosecute international crimes, this exception does not extend to a court that would prosecute transnational crime...

Ukrainian law enforcement agencies are working in cooperation with the International Criminal Court - ICC and countries that jointly support the ICC to collect evidence of Russia’s atrocity crimes in order to hold the alleged perpetrators accountable. The collection of evidence in the situation of Ukraine ever turned into an unprecedented investiga...

Objective: The legal basis for an immediate decision (Uitvoerbaar Bij Voorraad) in the civil justice system in Indonesia is very strong, namely in Article 180 paragraph (1) HIR/191 paragraph (1) Rbg, Article 54-Article 57 and Article 332 Rv. Then several SEMAs from 1964 to 2001. Methods: The author's study was carried out using normative research (...

In 2014, US federal judge Mark Wolf proposed the establishment of an International Anti-Corruption Court (IACC) to redress the impunity enjoyed by corrupt officials in some countries. An essential aspect of the IACC’s functioning, should the proposal ever take off, would concern the substantive law that it applies. Since no international court or t...

This research discusses the problem of early marriage in Rembang, with a focus on marriage dispensation letters submitted to the Rembang Religious Court. Data shows that there are many cases of marriage dispensation, with 52 cases resolved in 2016, an average of more than 6 cases per month. This early marriage is triggered by various factors, inclu...

The article, on the example of some rulings of the Constitutional Court of Russia, considers the question of the fair and effective implementation of the provisions of international legal and other acts which form the basis of the legal reasoning of the Court. The author raises concerns that the superficial, ambiguous and biased interpretation and...

In the formation and effective functioning of the Eurasian legal space, the important place is given to supranational bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union, especially the EEU Court, which ensures uniform application of the EEU law. The study is aimed to research the possibilities of the Court’s advisory opinions in promoting regional economic inte...

1620-2588 :ISSN) ‫السابع‬ ‫المجلد‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫األول‬ (0202) : ‫ص‬ ‫ص‬ (968 ، 998) " ‫لسنة‬ ‫الدستوري‬ ‫التعديل‬ ‫في‬ ‫تحليلية‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫الدستورية‬ ‫المحكمة‬ ‫إخطار‬ ‫آلية‬ 0202 ‫رقم‬ ‫العضوي‬ ‫والقانون‬ 00-91 " 869 ‫الدستوري‬ ‫التعديل‬ ‫في‬ ‫تحميمية‬ ‫اسة‬ ‫در‬ ‫الدستورية‬ ‫المحكمة‬ ‫إخطار‬ ‫آلية‬ ‫لسنة‬ 0202 ‫و‬ ‫رقم‬ ‫العضوي‬ ‫القانون‬ 00-91 Abstra...

The United States of America faces an unprecedented gun violence crisis, as mass shootings have now averaged more than one per day. As of January 1, 2023, the U.S.A. has suffered over 200 mass shootings, surpassing the number of days since the year began. Accordingly, the central point of contention regarding this bloody epidemic of human carnage c...

Multiple certificates, namely a plot of land that has more than one certificate, causing legal uncertainty for holders of land rights which is highly undesirable in land registration in Indonesia. The purpose of this study, among other things, is to find out and analyze the responsibility of the National Land Agency when it was discovered that ther...

The Current Decentralized Accountability question, in my view, entails a consideration of the following important principles and issues: positive complementarity, complementarity, universal jurisdiction, and the role of regional and international organization in international criminal justice as partners with the International Criminal Court (ICC)....

Trade and urbanisation in the littoral regions often reflect the calm and the crisis of the ocean. The Indian Ocean ‘crisis’ of the 17th century was no exception to it. The well-established Portuguese trading network in the Indian Ocean was disrupted in the early 17th century with the fall of Hormuz and Kandahar leading to its weakening. Taking adv...

Across the Global South, corporations and governments are displacing Indigenous and Afro-descendant groups in the name of development and economic advancement. International norms guarantee these communities the right to consultation over extractive projects that impact their traditional territories. Ethnic rights laws create spaces for communities...

The principal finding of the doctoral research of Cometan (a.k.a. Brandon Reece Taylorian) was that the ways governments, both authoritarian and democratic, use their powers to recognise religions and beliefs and register religious or belief organisations is negatively impacting conditions of freedom of religion or belief. Cometan explored the rang...

The local production of Faso Dan Fani has long suffered from counterfeiting both on the local, regional and international markets and this is at the origin of several complications, namely the decline in local cotton processing, the drop in incomes of actors in the production chain, the depreciation of product quality and consumer mistrust. The obj...

Introduction: In resolving ordinary maritime disputes related to national borders, from several types of dispute resolution, mediation is the right way to resolve disputes involving third parties.Purposes of the Research: This paper aims to find out that in resolving martim aurann disputes the law is contained in international law, namely UNCLOS 19...

The McCarthy case develops doctrine in two related areas in Aboriginal law; one is the nature of the relationship between Indigenous governments and the Charter, including the relevance of the ques;on of the source of self-government authority (delegated, constitutional or inherency) to the application of the Charter. The second area of development...

In general, the State has taken responsibility to protect the person and property of every individual. If any person commits any offence, it is not considered only against the respective victim rather against the State also. In such scenario, the State and its machineries, particularly the Executive and the Judiciary, are under legal obligations to...

Ondofolo is the highest customary leader in the order of the indigenous people of the Sentani tribe, Papua province, which is still in effect today. Ondofolo leadership is highly respected by the local community. This research was conducted to determine its leadership from a Christian perspective, using a qualitative exploratory approach. Data coll...

This article seeks to ascertain the difference between the agreements forbidden by law under section 24(a) and those intended to defeat the law under section 24(b) of the Malaysian Contracts Act 1950. Even though both subsections (a) and (b) cater to different types of illegality, the courts in Malaysia have often been applying them together withou...

Where a judge, absent a jury has listened to the testimony, heard the evidence, determined the credibility of parties and witnesses, and made a determination in a child custody case, one may wonder if continuing on a case thereafter dealing with similar issues, opens the door for a reasonable person to question a judge’s ability to remain impartial...

Globalization has a bad impact on the indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia countries. The demands of globalization have led the governments in Southeast Asia countries to exploit and industrialize indigenous regions excessively, resulting in marginalized indigenous peoples and the threat of extinction. Not intended for the benefit and welfare of in...

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been instrumental in mandating most private health insurance plans to offer preventive services at zero patient cost-sharing. These encompass a broad spectrum from screenings and immunizations to counseling and medications. Key organizations like the USPSTF, ACIP, and HRSA are responsible for determining which serv...

Restorative justice practices are used to resolve criminal cases with minor or minor losses that do not have to be resolved through court but can be resolved at the Police and Prosecutor's Office stages. The resolution of the case can be carried out in a fair and balanced manner for the victim and the perpetrator, which is achieved through restorat...

Relying on the nation's first judicial big data research base for people's courts in Southeast University, Southeast University Law School has set up a training direction for graduate students in legal big data and artificial intelligence, and explored the “three-dimensional, small-scale, wide-ranging, and large-scale ecology.” The concept of “meta...

I attended a conference on the Chagosian question in Pretoria in October 2022 while serving as a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Pan-African Thought and Conversation (IPACT) at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa, and I have described some of the discussions that were facilitated by participants in this essay. Representatives of the Ch...

In this article, characteristic features of the Chinese legal language are approached from the perspective of legal translation from and into Chinese. The main focus is put upon the emergence of meaning in legal texts, which is reflected in the process of legal translation. Problems of meaning emergence in the Chinese law are regularly connected to...

Cet article s’intéresse aux premiers documentaires d’Agnès Varda: Ô saisons, ô châteaux (1957) et Du côté de la côte (1958), deux films commandés par l’Office de Tourisme de France. En prenant pour point de départ le lien entre l’acte de voyager et celui de filmer - présents dans les récits de voyage, les films d’exploration et les films touristiqu...

This paper explores the 'emerging forms of spatialised and socialised authority' adopted by tenure-insecure peri-urbanites to secure coveted land in African peri-urban spaces. The paper demonstrates that tenure-insecure peri-urbanites are increasingly utilising various formal and informal institutions-'emerging forms of spatialised and socialised a...

The paper focuses on longer poems by the court poet Claudian that depict a State ruined by evil forces or the state of harmony. This poet from late Antiquity uses a vocabulary related to death and destruction. Evil, above all barbarians and political opponents, is also presented appropriately by the poet. Their characters function in the poems as d...

Sexual violence against children can have complex impacts, including physical and non-physical loss and suffering. Children who experience sexual violence need to be protected and recovered psychologically and socially. A form of legal protection for children as victims can be in the form of restitution charged to the perpetrator to fulfill the rig...

One year ago, the U.S. Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe v. Wade in the Dobbs decision left the legality of abortion up to the states. This has resulted in about half the states enacting complete bans or very restrictive abortion laws, a major legal challenge to women’s reproductive rights which has prompted the CSWEP board’s decision to devote ou...

Dans un monde de nombreuses langues parlées, l'interprétation devient certainement un outil indispensable pour briser les barrières de la langue parlée. De nombreux pays et régions du monde entier ont progressé à divers niveaux dans la standardisation des T&I. Compte tenu des conséquences désastreuses d'interprétations défectueuses, en particulier...

The influence of judges’ personal moral values on their sentencing decisions is of longstanding interest to researchers and the public. Few studies, however, have examined this influence empirically. Using a unique data set that combines a survey of 81 criminal court judges with archival data on their 40,385 criminal sentences over a 2-year period,...

Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska jako organ postępowania przygotowawczego w zakresie prawnokarnej ochrony środowiska Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono problematykę prawnokarnej ochrony środowiska w Polsce z perspektywy uprawnień i zadań Inspekcji Ochrony Śro-dowiska jako organu ochrony środowiska, który-na podstawie nowelizacji ustawy o Inspekcji...

The need to protect victims of domestic violence is becoming increasingly more important in many States. The 1980 Hague Convention on international child abduction, which in principle requires the child’s return and apparently leaves little scope for protecting the child’s mother, is at times perceived as being at odds with this need. The 2022 US S...

The tenth-century AH is considered as the “golden” era of rug weaving in the Safavid epoch due to the Safavids’ ability to bring this art-industry to an outstanding position and to introduce it to the Europeans through some measures. During this historical period, plenty of rugs were collected by Europeans in various ways, and now they are displaye...

Mediation, in general, is a means of resolving disputes, as it represents rightfully one of the alternative means of settling disputes away from the courts, in order to avoid the negatives resulting from the phenomenon of slow litigation, through which the disputants resort to a mediator who works to bring their views closer to resolve their differ...

Gurugram is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi, which witnessed unprecedented growth in the past two decades. The city of Gurugram in Haryana State, India, has a fringe of Aravalli hills on either side as the western and the eastern range ridge. On the foothills of the eastern ridge, there has been a major development in the revenue estate...

Kresna Life Insurance is a company that has been handed down a Suspension of Debt Payment ruling by a commercial court judge. In that case, the Suspension applicant is the policyholder, who, based on Law No. 37 of 2004, does not have the power to submit an application. However, the Suspension ended with the ratification of a peace agreement (homolo...

This article examines the necessity for constitutional adjudication in a democracy. Democracy is not the government of the minority by the majority, but self-government of the people in a pluralist society. The article regards constitutional adjudication as a necessary component of a constitutional democracy to preserve self-government and individu...

Beyond climate change, the planet faces several other environmental challenges that are at least as threatening, such as the loss of biodiversity. In each case, the problems are driven by similar factors, such as fossil fuels and intensive livestock farming. This paper presents a legal analysis concerning the binding nature of the Convention on Bio...

While the COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on many businesses worldwide, essential businesses, such as grocery stores, continued to operate despite potential disease transmission. Although the principal mode by which people are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is through exposure to respiratory droplets and ve...

Child marriage remains a controversial topic and is still prevalent in today's society. Brunei Darussalam, a country that applies Shariah and common law, is also impacted by this. The legal system permits marriage through the civil and the Shariah courts; however, interpretations for the minimum age of marriage are inconsistent. As a result, the Un...

This article studies the fictionalisation of the eyes and their potential in La pícara Justina (The Spanish Jilt) (1605), a picaresque novel by the licentiate López de Úbeda. To this end, a collection of passages is discussed in the light of physiognomic and medical–humanistic sources close to the author’s context, which makes it clear that he was...

The article analyses the judicial practice of applying criminal-legal measures for the indirect execution of a criminal offense. It has been established that the courts take into account the fact of indirect execution of a criminal offense when characterizing the person of the culprit and determining his social danger, namely, appoint a more severe...

On 7 September 2022, the Miami-Dade School Board (MDSB), the governing body of one of the largest school districts in the U.S., rejected a resolution requiring the MDSB to observe October 2022 as LGBTQ History Month and directing the district’s superintendent to investigate the feasibility of providing “information and resources” about landmark LGB...

Study about the North-Korean geopolitical and geostrategic lock, since 1953 and always present, in spite of short-term geopolitical news ..., though an aspect of the North Eurasian Transportation Corridor (New Great Silk Roads) could be developed ... 60 kms missing to "free" for trade ... Etude sur le verrou géopolitique et géostratégique nord-cor...

The aim of this paper is to ascertain how the latest Malaysian apex court apply English trust law for equity to perfect an imperfect gift of shares as encapsulated in the leading case of Pennington v Waine. A comparative research methodology reveals that there must be detrimental reliance on the part of the donee of shares, which cannot be justifie...

Identifying a mate is a central imperative for males of most species but poses the challenge of distinguishing a suitable partner from an array of potential male competitors or females of related species. Mate recognition systems are thus subject to strong selective pressures, driving the rapid coevolution of female sensory cues and male sensory pr...

Labour and Industrial relations occupies an important position in socio-economic development in Nigeria and the world at large. Therefore the conditions under which an employee works as well as the security of his employment has an effect on output as well as the socio=economic development of the nation. Hence, maximum protection and security of th...