Courts - Science topic

This is a forthcoming chapter on criminal sentencing for the second edition of the APA Handbook of Forensic Psychology. The chapter begins by describing the historical context, standards, goals, and significance of criminal sentencing in the United States (U.S.). In an effort to elucidate the key influences to and practices by which courts reach se...

Although support for same-sex marriage has grown in Japan, discussions on its legalisation have been slow in the Japanese parliament. To contribute to a more meaningful discussion on this issue, this study uses corpus-driven and corpus-based methods to explore how issues surrounding same-sex marriage are represented in media discourse. It compares...

This study aims to examine the tactical behavior, decision-making, and technical skills of young novice basketball players in small-sided games (SSGs) with different numerical configurations and court sizes. Participants were 16 novice male players aged between 11 and 15 years with no competitive experience. A total of 13 games were played, compris...

Folk literature, passed down orally in rural communities, includes songs, rhymes, ballads, tales, proverbs, riddles, dramas, and charms (mantras). They reflect the daily lives, economic struggles, joys, sorrows, and religious beliefs of the common people. A challenge in studying the history of early and medieval Bengal is the lack of reliable sourc...

Trials are considered the most polarizing measure of transitional justice, as they have harsh consequences on the prosecuted and may criminalize a portion of the previous authoritarian elite that might still enjoy some popular support. However, transitional justice trials may also signal that the current democratic regime differs from the previous...

This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine a dissenting vote in a Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) decision regarding the criminalization of homophobia. The research focuses on Minister Cristiano Zanin's arguments against extending the typification of homophobia to include racial insults. Using Fairclough's three-dimension...

Penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana yurisdiksi International Criminal Court (ICC) terhadap warga negara non-pihak Statuta Roma dihubungkan dengan prinsip-prinsip di atas dan kekuatan negara dalam realisasi hukum internasional. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana yurisdiksi ICC beroperasi terhadap warga negara non-pihak dan ba...

Purpose Graffiti can communicate much about notions of justice. We were interested to see what U.S. restroom graffiti, directly outside of a domestic violence protective order issuing court, might tell us about the experiences of the women and men seeking protection from intimate partner violence (IPV). Specifically, our research addressed four que...

This article is based on the observation of 50 cases of violence, threats and offensive speech in a Danish city court, after which arguments presenting justifications of the anger behind the incidents have been systematised. By discerning between receivable and not receivable arguments in the sense that they are picked up by the professional actors...

BACKGROUND Pest control mediated by substrate‐borne vibrational signals has been successfully used to control the grapevine leafhopper. Maintaining the signal intensity above the effective threshold and avoiding habituation to the stimulus are crucial for this control strategy to be effective. The tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii, is a major pest of...

resumen: En este trabajo se analiza un supuesto específico de interacción entre el derecho doméstico y el derecho internacional en el marco de los arbitrajes de inversión, el cual ha sido caracterizado como "cuestión prejudicial domés-tica". A su vez, pretende plantear un modelo de análisis vinculado a la preju-dicialidad, que explique el razonamie...

While with all this intellectual discussion, I would like to accept that I could find immense beauty in this world and by accepting my limitless ignorance by giving you a hint to join the club. Well, in my ordeal with the crocodiles, I am sure there would be a genius in this world who would then advice me to create Gods out of Crocodiles to then co...

The paper "Navigating the Waters of Liability: An In-Depth Analysis of Maritime Liability Regimes" critically examines the structure and effectiveness of maritime liability laws, with a focus on Lebanon’s legal framework. It explores three main forms of liability—contractual, tortious, and strict—highlighting how Lebanese law, largely based on the...

In Dobbs v. Jackson, the Supreme Court found that ‘the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion.’ Rather, individual states must determine whether a right to abortion exists. Following Dobbs, state abortion laws have diverged significantly. This has generated confusion over what the law permits. Consequently, some pregnant women reportedly...

In this paper, the author deals with certain aspects of the legal protection of minority shareholders, namely the party status of minority shareholders in proceedings before the Securities Commission, the limits of review of the bidder’s request by the Securities Commission, the active identifi cation of minority shareholders in an administrative d...

∴ Introduction ∴ ‌ The Iranian Commercial Code, as originally enacted in 1932 (1311 SH) and subsequently amended in 1969 (1347 SH), draws heavily from the Napoleonic Code and remains largely devoid of Islamic jurisprudence influences. Notably, the term "Unenforceable" is absent from both versions of the code. Instead, the legal framework utilizes t...

The Polonnaruwa period witnessed significant religious, political, and social transformations that influenced the development of Sinhala music. Among these influences, Hindu culture played a pivotal role, largely due to state patronage of Hindu religious practices. This study examines the extent to which Hindu cultural elements shaped musical activ...

This study aims to find out the mediation process, the role of mediators, and the obstacles to the mediation process in divorce cases at the Jambi City Religious Court. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive analytical approach. The type of research used in this study is field research, which is data collected or collec...

This Article proposes a revised amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 901 to address the unique challenges posed by deepfakes and other synthetic media generated by artificial intelligence. As generative AI tools grow increasingly sophisticated, they can fabricate hyper-realistic images, audio, and video content capable of deceiving judges and juro...

In April 2024, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the KlimaSeniorinnen case that Switzerland had not implemented a legal framework capable of addressing climate change and that this constituted a violation of the right to private and family life. Despite being celebrated as “historic,” this ruling reflects established case law rather than...

In April 2015, Alfred Postell, a bearded homeless man who carried his belongings in a white plastic bag, was charged with unlawful entry and stood before Judge Thomas Motely in the DC Superior Court. Motley asked Postell if he had a lawyer. “I am a lawyer,” Postell responded. On further questioning, it turned out that Postell also had degrees in ec...

The paper demonstrates that a municipal council is not autonomous in executing the authority to introduce resort tax and determining its amount. The limits of independence of the municipal councils are specified by the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the Act on Local Taxes and Fees and the Act on Health Resort Medical Care....

There is general agreement that art is protected by the First Amendment. But what is art? As the nature of art has itself radically evolved, the notoriously unanswerable question has become even knottier. Courts have addressed the issue with a mélange of old fashioned and ill fitting criteria, but one Supreme Court dissenter has proffered an altern...

In this paper, I present a puzzle about how courts react to purely statistical evidence and my own tentative approach to solving it. The basic puzzle is that while there are a number of contexts in which statistical evidence is rejected as a foundation for liability, there are others such as toxic torts in which such evidence is thought to be suffi...

The letter of Henry III (1574–1589), the last of Valois, addressed to the French ambassador in Rome at the papal court, seigneur de Saint-Goart (Gouart). The document was submitted to the Archive of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a gift on April 14, 2024. This is an order to the ambassador to ask Pop...

In Hong Kong, the basic joint enterprise principle is recognised as an independent basis for attributing criminal liability. Although the principle has been recognised by the highest courts of the United Kingdom, Australia, and Hong Kong at different times, this article suggests that it does not have a historical foundation in common law. This arti...

What is the role of law in imperial state-building projects? We study this question of historical significance with an empirical focus on Russian arbitrazh (commercial) courts in Crimea. We document the increase in the number of disputes that involve the Russian state and strong pro-government favoritism in court decisions. We also find that arbitr...

In recent times, Malaysian courts have resorted to a ritual incantation of unconscionability and the notion of a remedial constructive trust to justify a declaration of a constructive trust. This methodology is unhelpful for approaching constructive trusts and has led the law to develop in an unprincipled and unpredictable fashion. Our central thes...

This research aims to examine the legal certainty regarding written evidence of land formerly owned by indigenous communities in the context of land registration in Indonesia following the enactment of Government Regulation No. 18 of 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, Apartment Units, and Land Registration. Additionally, this research...

Anosognosia, commonly understood as a lack of insight, renders individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder unable to understand that they are living with a disease, often resulting in a refusal to accept treatment. Typically, to impose involuntary commitment in an effort to obtain treatment, an individual must be a danger to others...

L'exigence de performance globale implique une remise en cause de l'articulation entre la stratégie et le pilotage opérationnel pour faire face à de nouveaux enjeux. De ce fait, les organisations sont amenées à lier la notion de performance multidimensionnelle à leur pratique managériale. Car Il ne s'agit plus de raisonner de manière analytique en...

This report examines Israel's weapon imports from 1949 to 2024, focusing on major suppliers, weapon categories, historical trends, and their deployment in the Gaza conflict. The United States stands out as the primary supplier, contributing 82% of imports, bolstered by significant aid tied to strategic interests in the Middle East. In Gaza, U.S.-su...

Since the Second World War and after the adoption of the principle of the Prohibition of the use of force in international relations in the charter, many states still do not respect this principle and give priority to their interests, so they occupy other territories under various pretexts in order to legitimize their actions, and the occupation ma...

An auction is a public sale of goods through bidding, requiring the issuance of an auction minutes (auction minutes). These minutes, prepared by an authorized auction official, are authentic deeds with perfect evidentiary strength. The study focuses on the notary's authority to draft auction minutes and their legal validity as authentic evidence in...

Law enforcement in Indonesia involves an important role for the Indonesian National Police (POLRI), including in the process of confiscating evidence. However, there are questions regarding the authority of investigators to seize evidence without court approval. This research aims to analyze the authority of POLRI investigators in confiscating evid...

This article seeks to trouble the idea that human rights provide a progressive standard in matters of migration. It does so by drawing on frames analysis to investigate the way that the reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) legitimises border regimes rather than challenging them. The article considers three issues as examples. Fir...

Objective: Question-type classification is widely used as a measure of interview quality. However, question-type coding is a time-consuming process when performed by manual coders. Reliable automated question-type coding approaches would facilitate the assessment of the quality of forensic interviews and court testimony involving victims of child a...

La capacité d’adaptation, qui consiste à ajuster ses méthodes en fonction du contexte, est de plus en plus reconnue comme un aspect clé de la gestion des facteurs de stress. La capacité d’adaptation n’a toutefois pas encore été évaluée dans le contexte de la discrimination, un facteur de stress unique, racisé et incontrôlable, qui a de graves réper...

The EU’s 2024 measures on asylum are changing many aspects of procedures and content for applicants for international protection. After many years of partial participation in the EU Common European Asylum System, Ireland has chosen to opt in to most of the new measures which will bring its international protection system into greater alignment with...

Nous utilisons quotidiennement le toucher pour trouver des objets, comme chercher des clés dans nos poches ou des stylos dans les tiroirs de notre bureau. Dans de tels contextes, nous nous engageons dans une recherche haptique « libre ». Les objets que nous sentons peuvent être déplacés librement et nos mains peuvent bouger librement. La recherche...

This research was conducted with the aim and purpose of examining and seeing the extent of the role of advocates as law enforcers who have a role in providing services and legal assistance to judicial institutions, especially in the Religious Courts. This research uses normative legal type methods, namely research that obtains legal materials by co...

Digital Image and Digital Video forgery describes the process of manipulating or modifying digital photos or videos in order to trick viewers or misrepresent reality. Due to the widespread availability of multimedia editing tools, it becomes simple to manipulate digital images and videos which cause many problems in real life. Using the manipulated...

Este texto analiza los precedentes de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de México que declararon inconstitucionales las leyes que exigen tener más de 18 años para el cambio de las actas de nacimiento conforme a la identidad de género. Aunque se comparte el criterio de fondo, se examina cómo la Corte se limitó al responder a los argumentos de quienes se...

The operational independence of the police is a crucial yet often misunderstood aspect of the rule of law in Canada. It is a quasi-constitutional principle established by key court decisions, particularly the Supreme Court of Canada’s ruling in R. v. Campbell (1999). While police boards set significant policy directions, they must avoid intervening...

In the wake of recent order of the Supreme Court on the issue of caste-based discrimination of prisoners, 'Model Prison Manual, 2016' and the 'Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act, 2023' have been amended. As per the new addition in the manual, the prison authorities will have to strictly ensure that there is no discrimination, classificatio...

Hollowing out of the independent judiciary is at the center of systematic rule of law violations of illiberal regimes. In Hungary and Poland, courts and judges had been subject to political pressure, tactics of institutional paralysis, and personnel removal as ruling parties have attempted judicial capture. Incumbents change the rules of the game,...

The battle over judicial authority has become a central issue in contemporary American politics, with former President Donald Trump and Florida Governor Ron DeSantis advocating for aggressive measures to curb judicial intervention. As federal judges continue to block or delay key aspects of Trump’s policy agenda, DeSantis has proposed that Congress...

The preprint is an Abstract for under consideration Article on the concept of Cooperative Federal, the study contains a brief historical perspective of theory of Cooperative Federalism, it discusses the importance of federalism in the structure of governance. The study highlights the effectiveness of cooperative federalism in Pakistan's system of g...

One of the features of the biggest international organizations/Unions is to include international courts, through which the the organizations carry out their ideals such as to protect peace, democracy and human rights. The aim of the paper is to review the mission of the European court of justice which has a significant impact on determining the di...

The state's obligation to protect activists is a crucial aspect of human rights enforcement and democracy. Despite existing legal frameworks, both domestic and international, many activists still face significant threats in practice. The decision in Jepara District Court Case No. 14 Pid.Sus/2024/PN Jpa illustrates challenges in safeguarding freedom...

Fernand Braudel (1902-1985) was one of the pioneer historians of 20 th century world history. His major Historical works are 'The mediterranean and the Mediterranean world of philip-11', (1949) and 'Civilization and capitalism'. Braudel newly established the historical approach on sociology, climatology, natural law and world Economic function. In...

This is an article on the social and economic impact of court decisions, that is, the effect and impact of the legal system on the social and economic condition of a system or jurisdiction. The paper elaborates the relationship between law and economics in terms of the economic analysis of law. It aslo considered how certain economic theories pose...

Across developing countries, a chief problem with contract farming schemes stems from challenges in enforcing the contract. Weak public institutions for enforcement give latitude to both farmers and firms to renege on the contract and parties inevitably resort to various forms self-regulation and other private means of enforcement to maintain trans...

The rapid development of legal education makes the past legal education methods unable to meet the needs of the times. The study integrates information technology and legal education, reforms traditional legal education, and constructs a new legal education model. VR technology is used to construct simulation scenes in mock courts, to conduct scena...

On July 24, 2020, after the Turkish Supreme Court's decision, the Turkish media announced the performance of Friday prayers in the Hagia Sophia Mosque. Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List are the common heritage of humanity. And the international community is committed to preserving it for future generations. Changing, restoring, or dev...

Technological advances and in an effort to improve services to the community, a concept has been introduced in the world of public services that uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) of Limited Liability Companies which can be conducted conventionally or via teleconference or videoconf...

Courts hear many lawsuits related to indivisible inheritance, or whose distribution harms the heirs' benefit. Such heirs' viewpoints may vary from accepting their share, even if it is impossible to benefit from, and refusing it by demanding to sell the entire inheritance and thus distributing it financially. All of this has a set of important Islam...

The archiving of case documents that have obtained permanent legal force (inkracht) at the State Administrative Court (PTUN) of Banjarmasin is a crucial aspect of judicial administration, serving to maintain the accuracy of legal documentation while supporting transparency and accountability within the judicial system. This process includes the rec...

The existence of a system of financial liability measures is a common occurrence in market economies. Despite their considerable motivational potential, financial administrative sanctions constitute a significant interference with human rights. Consequently, their application should be justified and balanced. The present article focuses on the powe...

The article deals with the issue of debates concerning the extremely high payments to the managing employees in the event of their dismissal – the so called “golden parachutes”. The author makes a statement that legal limitation of the maximum amount of such payments (being three average monthly wages) is only acceptable for the state controlled co...

Identification of rhetorical roles like facts, arguments, and final judgments is central to understanding a legal case document and can lend power to other downstream tasks like legal case summarization and judgment prediction. However, there are several challenges to this task. Legal documents are often unstructured and contain a specialized vocab...

Acordo de não persecução penal como meio de justiça consensual. Non-prosecution agreement as a means of consensual justice. Resumo: O Acordo de Não Persecução Penal é uma medida alternativa prevista no Código de Processo Penal para crimes cometidos sem violência ou grave ameaça, cuja pena mínima seja inferior a quatro anos. O objetivo é evitar o pr...

In July 2023 in the case of Stay at South Point Properties (Pty) Ltd v Mqulwana the Supreme Court of Appeal (the SCA) found that student accommodation does not constitute a "home" in terms of section 26(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereafter the Constitution). Section 26(3) of the Constitution provides that "[n]o on...

The potential uses—and misuses—of psychiatric genetic evidence in litigation concerning defendants’ responsibility for behavior has, to date, mostly focused on criminal justice. Yet the introduction of psychiatric genetic evidence in tort litigation raises old and new legal and social questions that merit consideration. We conducted a vignette-base...

Man is to error" In the course of operations the government and/or its representatives may harm or inflict injuries to the people by publishing incorrect statements, physical injuries or even malicious prosecution. Where such happens, the traditional recourse has been to civil courts through torts. With the advent of the constitution of kenya,2010,...

This manuscript analyzes the notion of active subjects, public official and the person charged with public service, in criminal offenses against state activity, according to the Albanian penal code and the Italian penal code. Criminal offenses against state activity play an important role in protecting the good functioning of state activity from ab...

Throughout its existence, the International Criminal Court encountered numerous challenges, leading many to perceive it as in a state of perpetual crisis. This article explores the ICC’s recurring crises and its difficulty in responding to them. It questions how they reflect broader issues and argues that these challenges stem from the internationa...

The criminal justice system in Indonesia faces various challenges, such as lengthy judicial processes and case backlogs in the courts. To address these issues, reforms in the criminal justice system are necessary, one of which is the implementation of "Plea Bargaining." This writing is very beneficial as it examines the regulation of plea bargainin...

The ancestral fief system was a traditional Chinese political practice in which the emperor granted his brothers and sons territories as vassal kings—a process known as enfeoffment—to consolidate national stability. Enfeoffment, a term rooted in feudal governance, refers to the formal act of granting land or titles in exchange for loyalty and servi...

While Supreme Court nominations have become increasingly high-salience political events, we know little about their prioritization relative to other issues by core constituency groups. We examine how individual donors and the mass public prioritize nominations, as well as factors they believe presidents should consider when selecting judges. To do...

We argue that negative references to amicus curiae briefs in high court judgments – instances where a court explicitly signals disagreement with the legal arguments in such briefs – are a significant and understudied feature of judicial reasoning. We theorize that such references may provide courts with a tool for increasing the precision of its ca...

This piece outlines the engagement of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights with the United Nations (UN) Guiding Principles on business and human rights in light of the Advisory Opinion requested by Mexico on the obligations of the firearms industry. It outlines how the Court has relied on the distinction between positive and negative human righ...

The proposal of stare decisis, which means "to stand by things decided," is the very crux of the Indian judicial system, ensuring that legal outcomes have a stable and predictable surface. This article analyzes the historical and philosophical foundations of the doctrine and opens a window to its journey from medieval England into the different soc...

The article analyzes the legal grounds for prosecutor’s participation outside criminal proceedings based on the provisions of Ukrainian legislation, international law and case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It is noted that this type of activity is rather an exception in the activities of the prosecutor’s office in most countries of the...

This research article investigates the complicated landscape of woman empowerment in Pakistan, focusing on the legal aspects that have shaped its route from 2001 to 2018. Through an analysis of the legal frameworks over legislation and policy and their actual impact, the study seeks to identify the ways in which laws have helped to improve women's...

Animals should be accorded certain rights under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. To substantiate this claim, I argue that the guarantee of certain rights for animals can be achieved through a s 39 constitutional interpretation of the rights under the Bill of Rights. I begin by setting out ubuntu as an African communitarian et...

The article is dedicated to analyzing the genesis of Ukrainian legislation on property lease relations in the sphere of land use. It examines the process of formation and development of legal norms regulating land lease relations from the late 1980s to the present. The main focus is on key legislative acts that have influenced the formation of the...

L’interdisciplinarité ne se décrète pas a priori mais se construit progressivement, dans des interactions entre savoirs disciplinaires, pratiques interdisciplinaires et retours réflexifs. Mais comment apprendre l’interdisciplinarité ? Nous présentons dans cet article un processus d’évaluation réflexive expérimenté autour du codéveloppement d’un jeu...

In scientific article the legal nature of the «right to appeal to an administrative court» has been studied by providing a legal characterization, comparing and establishing legal connections between such related category as «the right to judicial protection» is emphasized. It is stated that the right to judicial protection is endowed by the legisl...

Il contributo è volto a sostenere l’ammissibilità nel nostro ordinamento dei patti con cui i coniugi o i nubendi si accordano circa le conseguenze patrimoniali di un futuro divorzio. Si analizzano, in particolare, le ragioni sottese all’orientamento giurisprudenziale attuale che nega validità a tali accordi, mettendo in luce il timore che il passag...

Background The utilization of children in digital recordings with explicit content is subject to significant penalties on a global scale. In the context of legal proceedings, it is of significant legal and social importance to correctly determine whether the images examined belong to a child or an adult. Aim It is aimed to reveal the problems enco...

An oral mnemonic system known as shōga (literally meaning “singing song”), which can be practised without a musical instrument, is an indispensable means for transmitting or representing melodies in Japanese traditional music genres. While it has come to be written as a kind of music notation as well, shōga is primarily the bodily experience that b...

Data crawling refers to the automated process of acquiring and storing web information, with data crawlers being one of its most widely used forms. The webpage acquisitionwebpage filteringwebpage storage method of crawling, along with data transactions, often involves breaches of contract, infringements, unfair competition disputes, and other compl...

It has been argued that in practice, there is a violation of the rights of a candidate for employment by the employer at the stage of employment in the form of an unjustified refusal to employ. By the way, there are high-profile cases of refusal to hire without the employer explaining the reasons. Discrimination destabilizes labour relations, viola...

The article examines the features of the legal regulation of international legal regulation of the protection of labor rights within the Inter-American system for the protection of human rights. The opinion is expressed that in addition to universal mechanisms for the protection of human rights, regional mechanisms are actively developing, which ar...

This article is based on a choice posed to Karen Atala Riffo by the Chilean Supreme Court in 2004: to exercise the role of mother or to exercise her sexuality - but not both. It intends to observe the interrelationships between the categories gender, sexuality and reproduction based on the study of the Case Atala Riffo and Children vs. Chile, at th...

Introduction In this chapter, we discuss how social media platforms are used to spread and legitimise state-sponsored disinformation about the democratic electoral process in Brazil. This is a particularly important issue in countries that have experienced long periods of dictatorship and where democratic institutions are still in their initial sta...

Mediators are valued for their neutrality, ability to prevent escalation, improve communication, and restore relationships, while being more cost-effective than court cases. However, the practical reality presents challenges, as some mediators prioritize financial gain over impartiality, particularly those from high-profile firms. These mediators o...

Using newspaper coverage of women's and girl's property offences in minor English and Irish courts, I analyze courts’ use of Catholic convent institutions between 1930 and 1959. Coverage of minor local hearings offers access to everyday cases, where boundaries between moral and legal transgression were blurred. I explore three interlocking themes i...

The study aims at examining the role of traditional rulers in socio political and economic development of local government area in Nigeria. In spite of the negative impacts of colonialism and westernization on the institutions in pre-colonial period, traditional rulers occupied important position of political authority in African kingdom. The tradi...

This article delves into the growing significance of forensic science within criminal investigations and court proceedings, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of forensic chemistry. Forensic chemistry, as a sub-discipline of forensic science, plays a critical role in the examination of physical evidence, encompassing substances like drugs,...

Natural Language Processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), has made significant strides in transforming industries that rely heavily on text and language data. Among these, the legal and financial sectors have seen considerable benefits from the adoption of NLP technologies. In both sectors, large volumes of unstructured text data...

This study critically evaluates the Kadhis Court Bench Book, specifically examining the marriage section in Chapter Four, Articles 1 through 20, via the framework of Islamic Sharia. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of these provisions, focusing on aspects of clarity, consistency, and adherence to Islamic legal principles. The research probl...

In familiengerichtlichen Verfahren wird oft argumentiert, dass die Missachtung des Kindeswillens negative Auswirkungen auf dessen Selbstwirksamkeit haben könnte, indem Kinder ihr Vertrauen in die eigene Entscheidungsfähigkeit verlieren. Die Behauptung, dass die Nicht-Beachtung des Kindeswillens der Selbstwirksamkeit entgegen stünde, ist wissenschaf...

Background: In recent years, the development of AI has increased, and employers have begun to rely on AI to deliver tasks such as recruiting, mentoring, and training. This reliance has raised concerns about the legal challenge AI may impose in the workplace. Several countries have established certain guidelines to minimise this implication and ensu...

This article explores key challenges to commercial arbitration in Pakistan: such as judicial intervention, and bad faith by the parties. It discusses how the Arbitration Act of 1940 allows judicial interventions, while Section 32 explicitly bars. However, courts sometimes overstep their bounds. The focus of this article is primarily on judicial int...

In a case before Telangana High Court The contention of the petitioner that the doctor who conducted the postmortem examination over the deceased was not examined and hence the postmortem examination report was not proved is concerned, the Telangaan High Court is of the view that the said contention also holds no ground since it is well established...

Title 42 restrictions, as well as other policy-related and programmatic declarations such as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)’s Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) and Asylum Cooperation Agreements (ACA), have made it difficult, if not impossible, for asylees, refugees, and other border crossers to enter the United States along the Mexico–U...