Cost Sharing - Science topic

The sharing economy model, i.e. the sharing economy, the sharing economy, the collaborative economy, is an important element of what is more broadly referred to as a sustainable circular economy. On the other hand, the processes of green transformation of economies aimed, among other things, at reducing the consumption of natural resources, decreasing waste generation and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions are expected to lead to a reduction in the scale of carbon emissions, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions and thus slow down the progressive process of global warming and reduce the scale of environmental pollution, reduce the scale of loss of biodiversity of natural ecosystems and the consumption of strategic natural resources such as water and rare raw materials. The phenomenon is based on people's willingness to cooperate, help others and share their time and resources, which is reciprocated in various ways (material and non-material). In the past, this form of cooperation was limited to a narrow circle of family, friends and neighbours, and with mass production, the development of trade and services and stronger migration resulting in the separation of multi-generational families and the loss of networks of acquaintances, this phenomenon slowly lost its importance and its functions were taken over by companies and institutions (e.g. public institutions). The other side of human nature, which is the desire to compete and look after narrowly defined self-interest, is the basis of classical economics, but under market economy conditions it sometimes leads to distortions (exploitation, fraud, etc.). Thanks to the development and application of new technologies, collaborative economics is once again gaining popularity and economic rationality. A key determinant of the dynamic development of the sharing economy was the financial crisis in 2008, as well as the need to save money, make better use of resources and change social relations. The development of the concept of a sustainable circular economy should therefore also take the sharing economy into account. The circular economy takes into account, among other things, the minimisation of the environmental impact of the production cycle. An important element of the closed loop economy can be the production method called in Polish 'from cradle to cradle'. This idea specifies methods for designing and producing objects in accordance with the concept of sustainable development, so that, at the end of their useful life, they can be put back into the production cycle. The circular economy also has a territorial dimension. In the context of the functioning of regions and especially urban areas, it refers to yet other economic solutions, e.g. the concept of the sharing economy, according to which unlimited consumption or accumulation of property gives way to sharing, exchanging or borrowing. According to this concept, people give up many goods for their own exclusive use in favour of others, i.e. they reduce the need for products whose production cycle often requires large amounts of raw materials and energy. The sharing economy is defined as a social and economic phenomenon that involves a shift in organisational and distribution models towards distributed networks of interconnected individuals and communities, involving both the direct provision of services by people to each other, as well as sharing, co-creation, co-direction, etc., enabling a radical increase in resource efficiency. Accordingly, the sharing economy model is an essential component of a sustainable circular economy and thus a sustainable green zero-carbon economy or one that strives towards zero-carbon.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The literature on the subject is very poor. As a result, many companies use inappropriate methods, which are based on fixed cost sharing.

Carriage of passengers by buses, trams, etc. in cities costs money. Part of this cost is covered by passengers. Another part is covered by local authorities from their budgets. The share of the cost covered by passengers depends on many factors: the cost of travel, the cost of fuel, the number of passengers carried, etc. Tell me, where I can see the publications on assessing the impact of various factors on the profitability of public transport?

A recent study in Pakistan has proved that the integration of various sectors i.e. organizational development, health and disaster management does accelerate the pace of strengthening community resilience (https://www.henrystewartpublications.com/jbcep/v11). The results show that the following initial benefits of sectoral integration could be achieved:

• less fatigue/time-consuming for communities;

• optimum utilisation of resources;

• minimum human resources for maximum outputs;

• cost sharing;

• community involvement;

• easy planning;

• harmonisation of various tools;

• shared ownership;

• cost effective;

• impact-oriented;

• avoids duplication of resources;

• sustainable in terms of local management, ownership and adoption by local communities;

• addresses root causes of vulnerabilities associated with all sectors, and many more.

I have the following queries:

1. Are there any similar findings of sectoral integration in other countries or regions?

2. If yes, why do we need to implement sectoral programs in standalone for strengthening community resilience?

Hi. I am conducting an experiment and I would like to understand if people would be willing to share a 4-seat vehicle with people they do not know. I have thought that the personal tendency of trusting other people might be an important factor. What kind of construct would you suggest to measure this? Would you have any suggestions in terms of other factors that might influence willingness to share a vehicle for a (short, e.g. 10-15 mins or less) journey?

I am also considering the BFI-10 construct to measure personality, but I would like to include another factor. Thanks!

Infrastructure investment is typically publicly funded because it is (mostly) a public good.  This is perhaps even more so for investment in restoration of natural infrastructure (nature-based systems).  But given current constraints on government budgets new approaches are needed besides depending on the public purse.  Would appreciate guidance to any work examining effectiveness of alternative funding models. Thanks in advance.

How can we ensure that the local government in resource limited setting are willing to implement the new public health program in collaboration with external partners and cost sharing modality?

The significant role governments play in educating their citizens is increasingly being eroded with new trends that ask for cost- sharing arrangements by students and parents. Is this an acceptable trend?

I think that CSA is a suitable for developing technologies that will be used in cross-boader environments. Unfortunately CSA is offten utilized to avoid tax. Some companies without invention to avoid tax may avoid using CSA to avoid authorities' suspects, I' d like to know the histry of CSA and clarify the qualified usage of CSA.

Alliancing improves the cost sharing risk via providing incentives for both parties to finish the construction as scheduled and within the budget under the “gain/pain sharing philosophy” and avoid the costs of disputes (Grimsey and Lewis 2007). On the other side alliancing model shows the considerable cost to establish and maintain alliance and the public may bear the price risk (Grimsey and Lewis 2007). 

The question "Is the Alliancing procurement method achieving the cost-efficiency of for the Public sector construction? 

Can anyone suggest about this research question?

Afghan municipalities have made great progress in recent years. However, some municipalities still don’t have the infrastructure and equipment needed to deliver quality services such as trash collection, road repair, drainage, parks, and markets. While donors have a role a play in supporting small-scale infrastructure projects, municipalities are now generating more revenue year after year. Municipalities are now in a position to fund a significant portion of development projects with own-source revenues.

Given this new reality, I’m curious to learn about best international practices for cost sharing. What models exist for donors and municipalities to make complementary investments? Are there ideal ratios for cost sharing? What are the pros and cons of financial versus in-kind cost sharing? Please share any innovative approaches to donor and municipal collaboration on service delivery and small-scale infrastructure.