Cost-Effectiveness - Science topic

I am looking to use an epoxy that is cost effective, good for vacuum impregnation of Rocks & Minerals, has high refractive index and high bond strength.

What options will the West and the US have in the face of Iran’s nuclear regime? Could they once again play politics and lure Iran into a Libya-like trap, causing the country to destroy its nuclear facilities?

What can be done? The two most common policy options - a military strike on Iran's known nuclear facilities and economic sanctions on Tehran - "Is there a simple military or sanctions solution?" Shlomo Brom, a retired Israeli general, explains why, while it is popular in Israel to carry out an Osirak-like strike on Iran's known facilities, the operational prospects for success are slim. What about the US taking on the mission? Thomas Donnelly, a staunch supporter of the invasion of Iraq, explains how a limited strike on Iran's nuclear facilities could jeopardize America's larger campaign to liberate and moderate the Middle East. Imposing economic sanctions on Iran is a possible alternative, but how realistic or effective would these sanctions be? These questions are addressed in George Perkovic and Silvia Manzanero’s analysis, “Iran Gets the Bomb—So What?” They conclude that it will be difficult to secure the support needed to enforce sanctions against Iran. So, “Next Steps” is delivered. It examines two conventional and two unconventional policy options. The first, reducing the potential vulnerability of Persian Gulf energy shipments to Iranian interference, is explored by Dagobert Brito and Amy Myers Jaffe in “Reducing the Vulnerability of the Strait of Hormuz.” By modernizing existing pipelines and building new ones, the need to ship oil and gas through the strait could be significantly reduced at a relatively cost-effective level. This would, of course, require the cooperation and support of the major oil producers in the region. Their help would also be needed to strengthen existing levels of defense cooperation with the United States, without which the prospect of deterring and containing a nuclear-ready Iran would surely be slim. Michael Eisenstadt, in his book “Deterrence and Containment: Confronting a Nuclear Iran,” details what can be done with Gulf cooperation. What role can diplomacy play in preventing Iran from exploiting its ability to disrupt energy exports from the region? Douglas Stroessmann examines this question in his analysis “Diplomatic Management of the Iranian Threat to Maritime Commerce.” Using the maritime control agreements reached with Turkey and the Soviet Union as models, Stroessmann proposes several negotiation and public diplomacy plans that would deter Iran from using its military capabilities to interfere with the continued free passage of goods in and out of the Persian Gulf. The success of this effort, like so many others, will of course depend on the solidarity of the United States and its key allies, not only in the Gulf region but also beyond. How likely is this support? Therese Delpac, in “What Transatlantic Strategy on Iran?”A little over a year ago, the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center (NPEC) completed its initial analysis of Iran’s nuclear program, a survey of Iran’s nuclear ambitions. Since then, Tehran’s nuclear activities and public diplomacy have only confirmed what that analysis initially suggested: Iran is not about to give up its efforts to produce nuclear fuel and, as a result, come within days of acquiring a nuclear bomb. Iran’s continued pursuit of uranium enrichment and plutonium reprocessing raises the question of what a more confident nuclear-ready Iran might face and what we can do now to protect ourselves from these threats. The first presents the findings of the NPEC Working Group on Iran. It reflects interviews with government officials and foreign experts and the work of about 20 regional security experts that NPEC convened in Washington. Some of the report’s findings are beginning to gain official support for preventing Iran and others from openly deploying nuclear weapons or withdrawing from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The United States government, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and a growing number of allies now support the idea that countries that violate the NPT should be held accountable for their violations, even if they withdraw from the treaty. There has also been increasing internal government debate about the need to clarify what should be permitted under the NPT’s definition of “peaceful” nuclear energy. The remaining recommendations of the report, presented in congressional testimony in March 2005, remain to be acted upon. Whether they will or not, of course, depends largely on how government officials view the Iranian nuclear threat. So here we are, “Tehran’s Nuclear Efforts: What’s the Concern?” Richard Russell begins this section by explaining how Iran’s neighbors are likely to hedge their security bets as Tehran becomes more and more nuclear and ballistic, literally. For what these countries might do is to see how much nuclear capability they have themselves. This is explained by Wayne Bowen and Joanna Kidd in their chapter entitled “The Nuclear Capabilities and Ambitions of Iran’s Neighbors.” In it, we learn how close Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Syria, and Iraq are to acquiring nuclear weapons of their own. The special case of Turkey, a full ally of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), is examined in more detail in Jan Lesser’s chapter, “Turkey, Iran, and the Nuclear Dangers.” The good news here is that if the EU and the United States provide adequate support on both the security and economic fronts, Turkey is unlikely to go its own way. However, the bigger picture of what might happen after Iran goes nuclear is sure to be grim. In his chapter entitled “The Day Iran Gets the Bomb,” Kenneth Timmerman outlines the prospect of increased war and more violent terrorism.The Iranian nuclear crisis has resulted in concerns about the potential response of some of Iran’s neighbours, in particular whether Tehran’s behavior could prompt other regional actors to consider acquiring nuclear weapons. Within this context, the chapter sought to shed some light on the nuclear capabilities and ambitions of four key countries in Iran’s immediate neighbourhood: Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, and Syria. These countries were singled out due to their relative proximity to Iran and because there have been suspicions that they have all been interested, at one time or another, in acquiring nuclear weapons. For each country, an assessment was made of current capabilities, including the various elements of the fuel cycle that could potentially be used to support nuclear weapons development and potential nuclear delivery systems. Attention also was given to the drivers of potential nuclear and other WMD programs in the countries concerned.An analysis of available open sources revealed relatively little about national intentions in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, and Syria regarding the acquisition of nuclear weapons―both in general terms and more specifically with regard to the current Iranian nuclear crisis. The lack of pertinent information in this respect appears to stem primarily from the political sensitivity of the issue and the relatively closed and nontransparent nature of the societies involved, with the exception of Turkey. In contrast, it was possible to develop a fairly detailed picture of the various elements of the fuel cycle currently in existence or being developed in the four countries, as well as their potential nuclear delivery options. It is assessed that each country currently lacks the technical capacity to build a nuclear weapon, barring significant infusions of external assistance. However, the recent exposure of Egypt’s undeclared materials and activities is a significant cause for concern―not just in its own right, but in terms of whether it is indicative of a broader trend in the region already demonstrated by the Iran and Libya cases. Indeed, given that A. Q. Khan has previously visited Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria, it is quite possible that, in addition to Iran and Libya, these countries also may have secretly acquired sensitive nuclear technology and expertise from this clandestine proliferation network in the past.

i want your thinking on a research related to this general concept as a cost effective way of reducing indoor air pollution in low and middle income country.

Easy, Reliable and cost effective laboratory tests available in India

Evaluate selected integrated care interventions' economic impact and cost-effectiveness by analyzing healthcare utilization patterns, costs, and health outcomes.

The nanoparticles have to be coated to anode in electrochemical method. How those nanoparticles can be coated on the electrode(anode)? let me know the procedure for it.

It should be a cost effective.

Hello everyone,

I was wondering if you could kindly give me your opinion from e-chem experience on this. We are having a bit of a debate over the setup of a cell with a liquid metal electrode at the bottom, Au or Ag CE + monomer to be polymerized in solution with TBAPF6/DMSO:

1. Using Ag/AgCl. In my opinion, Cl- are not easily solvated in DMSO and other organic solvents. That could lead to the Liquid Junction Potential interfering with our readings.

Or is this effect minimal because the RE would be immersed in the same electrolyte?

2. Using Ag/AgNO3, the recommended RE for non-aqueous electrolytes.

3. I also generally do not like the idea of using a quasi-reference. It is simple and more cost-effective, but we would need to add an internal reference like Ferrocene.

Are my thoughts realistic? What is your opinion? Thank you!

I'm looking into sequencing 8 genes to study gene-diet-lipid interactions. I don't have an access to a sequencer, so I am considering sending purified DNA to the companies (e.g. Centogene) that have various panels. I do have an access to a PCR laboratory, but would prefer to avoid extremely complex labwork, as I am short on time. Do you have any suggestions for cheaper research-grade exon sequencing panel/companies? Any suggestions on other, more cost-effective methods?

We have a plant for liquefaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the form of flakes to concentration of about 50%, but there is unfavorable NaCl content about 200 ppm, we need to reduce the concentration of NaCl to under 50ppm. Is there any cost-effective and economical solution for such problem?

Currently,i'm researching cost effectiveness research using decision tree. I wanted to do sensitivity analysis for my study. Please if you can give a guidance on this issue.

Can we make the earth's faults resistant and prevent it from breaking? And have safe and secure homes?

There are several ways to prevent ground faults from shaking. According to most geologists, what causes the rupture of the earth's fault and the strong shaking of the fault and the release of energy from the center of the earthquake from the fault and the L waves or the P, S and L waves from inside the earth, is excessive pressure on the fault in millions of years. And most importantly, the penetration of water, humidity and cold into the faults is more in the cold seasons of the year; It happens like autumn, winter and spring and also in the early morning and night. And it causes the energy inside them to be released, and check this in the time series of several years of earthquakes, we understand the reason for the cold and water penetration into the faults, especially at night and early morning when the weather gets colder. This rupture of faults is more in the early morning and most earthquakes occur in the early morning from 4 am to 6 am or from 9 pm to 2 am. Underground and fault is easier. And now geologists have realized that man himself can create earthquakes in 3 or 4 ways, i.e. artificial earthquakes. For example, in the faults and in the parts where there is displacement in the folded layers of the earth, by digging Amin wells and injecting water pressure into these wells, it penetrates the layers inside the fault and causes energy to be released from within. They fall to the ground. The energy and rupture of the fault generated from the center of the artificial earthquake was created so that it would not shake too much and prevent continuous shaking. And then by filling it with reinforced concrete, it becomes like a nail in the ground, which can prevent the faults of the ground from breaking, because it is also mentioned in the Holy Quran. that mountains are like nails on the earth because mountains prevent the earth from shaking and we humans can create artificial earthquakes on the earth and prevent the eternal shaking of the earth in the fault zone and it is not only nature that nails like A mountain is like a mountain, humans themselves can create it, i.e. artificially create nails in the earth. These nails tighten the faults and prevent them from constantly vibrating. Of course, this experiment was conducted by geologists in the Texas region of America in 1946, when the oil well was at a shallow depth and they had to drill a well next to the oil well. Injection of water or a solution of water and salt. cause the well oil to rise. After a while they saw; An earthquake occurred in the Texas region of America for a week, and after that, geologists realized that the injection of salt and water solution in the anticline region of this region, where there was also a fault, caused the faults to break and create an artificial one. Earthquake in the region and the release of energy and this earthquake shows that humans can also cause earthquakes. Of course, earthquakes can be caused by other methods, one is like the explosion of a bomb on a fault. Like the bomb explosion in Mallard Karaj region in Alborz province in 1379 at 2:00 p.m. Tahir, 5 provinces that were on the Mesha fault shook and everyone felt it because with the explosion of this bomb that was used for testing in the military area, it suddenly exploded. and took responsibility. They were killed and injured, but because it was on the Masha fault, and this fault starts from about 400 kilometers from Abiq Qazvin and continues to the north of Semnan, it caused the fault to vibrate and release. energy, and perhaps there are other ways to rupture the fault, for example by using many dams in the area of ​​faults and folds of the earth where there are depressions and anticlines. Because the dams intensify the infiltration of water into the ground. Of course, other methods have also been proposed, such as the use of waste and sewage, which causes further destruction of the environment, because burying waste and sewage in fault locations, despite the presence of water, leads to further destruction of the environment on the ground. Therefore, it is possible to break the fault and create and sew strong concrete and cement in it. But all this is a theory, no country has done this yet and it is only a theory. According to geologists, faults are like seams around large blocks and large plates of the earth, and they are the release of the accumulated energy of the earth, and humans cannot prevent its release, and they should only make their houses or structures resistant. For example, by creating wagers, which are in the form of resistant houses, for example, the use of light unilite on the roofs of houses instead of bricks and reinforced concrete buildings, and also like the palm tree, which has deep roots, he made the houses deep and many columns. It made it strong and also by creating spring and rubber under the pillar of the house at the bottom of minus 2 parking lots; Houses are springs like the car you have; He made it so that during an earthquake it only shakes like God Kong, but does not fall, and people are saved, and the construction engineer wants to create springs and pistons in bridges and buildings and prevent the impact of an earthquake like a shock absorber. And these works are useful for saving people.

Mikayel Grigor Melkumyan added a reply

July 6

Dear Mr. Abbas Kashani,

In the text you provided you are trying to answer to your own question on the possibility to make the earth's faults resistant and prevent them from breaking. I think that everything is possible in this world, but is it necessary to do? Of course not, because you are looking on this problem only from technical point of view but, by all means, you must first of all take into account financial aspect of this problem!!! Even if some methods will be suggested to make the earth's faults resistant and prevent them from breaking the huge funds across the globe and very complex technologies will be needed to do that. So, I consider this as a useless idea and undertaking.

My approach is different. I think that we must concentrate ourselves on the task to make buildings earthquake proof. I devoted myself on solving this important problem, and I created very simple and cost-effective seismic isolation technologies for construction of new and retrofitting of existing buildings. You can read my paper:

Mikayel G. Melkumyan. "Armenia is the World Leader in Development and Extensive Application of Low-Cost Seismic Isolation for Construction of New and Retrofitting of Existing Buildings". - Journal of Architecture and Construction (JAC), Volume 3, Issue 3, 2020, pp.43-60, ISSN: 2637-5796

I am sure that the way to save people from earthquake is to make resilient construction using modern and very efficient technologies!

Best regards,

Mikayel Melkumyan

Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor

Academician of the Saint-Petersburg Arctic Academy of Sciences

Academician of the Athens Institute for Education and Research

President of the Armenian Association for Earthquake Engineering

Vice-President of the International Association of CIS Countries on Base Isolation

Member of the USA Association for Science and Technology

Foreign member of the Research Center of Seismic Resistant Structures of the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo

Eminent Expert of the Committee of Eminent Experts in International Research Base of Seismic Mitigation and Isolation of Gansu Province in China

Founder of the "Save the Yerevan Schools From Earthquakes" foundation

CEO of the "Melkumyan Seismic Technologies" LLC

+374 (91) 94-54-02

Christian Ungewitter added a reply

17 minutes ago

Hello,

I agree in big parts with the opinion of Mikayel Grigor Melkumyan . The much more feasible way to prevent damage of earthquakes is to makes buildings safe.

What I don't see is a technology that can prevent faults from breaking. One problem is the size of a fault. They can be few hundred meters longs up to several hundreds of km. So, in the latter case you would have to provide lot of material to stop the faulting process.

Even if it would be possible the next problem is the very complex stress field and stress distribution in earthquake zones. If you would "fix" one fault the stress would go somewhere else and could trigger an earthquake somewhere else.

At the moment it is even a technically demanding task to stop slow landslides due to e.g. road cuts parallel to slopes. If the rock or soil mass is moving you have to react very quick with the right tools to prevent a failure. It also depends on the force applied by the rock/soil volume that is sliding. When the shear is to high there is is no available technique (special anchors, piles etc.) to prevent such an event. And I'm talking only about local landslides, not about preventing earthquakes.

Best regards

Hello everyone,

I am currently working on a research project that involves monitoring the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gases. However, I am facing significant budgetary constraints and limited access to advanced and expensive analytical instruments in my local area.

I am looking for cost-effective alternatives for the online measurement of SO₂ and H₂S gases that do not rely on high-cost equipment such as gas chromatographs or mass spectrometers. Specifically, I am interested in methods that are:

I would appreciate any suggestions on alternative methods, such as colorimetric techniques, electrochemical sensors, or any DIY setups that others have successfully used for similar applications. If there are any low-cost kits or open-source designs available, those recommendations would be very helpful as well.

Any references to relevant studies, papers, or personal experiences would also be highly valuable!

Thank you in advance for your insights and suggestions.

Our non-profit research lab has been using Fisher Scientific for many years, but we are currently seeking more affordable alternatives for our laboratory supplies and equipment. As a smaller non-profit organization, cost efficiency is a significant concern for us.

Could anyone recommend reliable and cost-effective companies that provide a wide range of laboratory supplies? We are particularly interested in companies that offer good customer service and quality products. Any experiences or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Hi all,

I have a several gallons of water mixed with low percent SLS, how can i remove the SLS in a cost-effective manner.

..

Energy Conservation Measure (ECM) analysis is a process that involves identifying and evaluating potential opportunities for reducing energy consumption in a building or facility. The objective of ECM analysis is to identify cost-effective solutions for reducing energy consumption, improving energy efficiency, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Although there are several methods to obtain drinking water from the sea, it is quite expensive for agricultural use, which directly impacts people's living costs. This project introduces a new "Innovative Desalination Technology" to provide a cost-effective solution.

List of Nonpharmacological treatments

modules

cost-effectiveness

practices

PMC publications

The R&D branch is expanding. Do you think we may speak of the overproduction of scientitic results? By overproduction I mean the situation when both researchers and practitioners may not be able to 'consume', benefit from and implement the scientific results/discoveries/inventions etc. If yes how to change this so that scientific work is more time- and cost-effective?

How can advancements in renewable energy technology effectively contribute to overcoming the challenges of climate change, while also being cost-effective and efficient?

What is the cost-effective method to recover zinc from electric arc furnace dust powder? Follower of metallurgy? Hydrometallurgy? Or bury the powder in the ground?

Dear Reader

Is there anyone out there who knows or has a cost-effective alternative to the evaporation of excess water from an ammonium sulphate solution?

The requirement is to control the concentration of ammonium sulphate at 40% +/- 2%. by removing around 5% excess water produced by the downstream process and wash water collection.

attempted the crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde, which resulted in pellet formation that is challenging to dissolve, possibly due to excessive crosslinking. I'm now seeking an alternative approach.

Which cost effective UAV technology would you suggest for long range (upto 30 kms) sea patrolling for about 8 hours duration?

Soil erosion from agricultural lands can be reduced by the adoption of conservation management practices. So CBA is important while implementing soil and water conservation measures?

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been widely used by scientific researchers in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment, using various kinds of biofluids and tissues. The technology has proven to be user-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective for analyzing human blood serum in order to distinguish between cancerous and healthy control samples.

Reference:

Sala, A., Anderson, D. J., Brennan, P. M., Butler, H. J., Cameron, J. M., Jenkinson, M. D., Rinaldi, C. A., Theakstone, A. G., & Baker, M. J. (2020). Biofluid diagnostics by FTIR spectroscopy: A platform technology for cancer detection. Cancer Letters, 477, 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.020

What are the trade-offs between different cloud providers for cost-effective machine and deep learning model deployment?

Hi everyone!

I want to have expertise opinion abut these.

Will it be cost effective or not?

What about the signal strength (SNR) and system complexity?

The production of hydrogen from renewable sources has become a key objective in the energy transition toward a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. Among the many potential sources of hydrogen, ammonia from biogas digestate presents itself as a promising opportunity. Digestate is a by-product of the degradation of organic waste by anaerobic digestion, and it contains a significant amount of ammonia.

The recovery of ammonia contained in the digestate offers a potential route for the production of renewable hydrogen.

The production of hydrogen from ammonia is an efficient and cost-effective way to produce hydrogen. Ammonia is an easily available and relatively inexpensive chemical that can be used as a raw material for the production of hydrogen.

I am happy to share my new paper related to wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal electricity be efficiently and cost-effectively incorporated into power networks area of research. I request everyone to please share my paper with your knows or groups.

Most important differenc between xtt and mtt despite of cost effectiveness

What is Most cost effective design for Generation of Hydrogen from PV solar for Multi MW project size ?

What are your top recommendations for a commercial portable digital recorder with a high frequency sampling rate (192kHz or higher) and wide linear frequency response, for underwater field recordings? Please consider marketability and cost-effectiveness.

Automation have now become part of almost all laboratory testing and I’m wondering if we should stick in using conventional methods for blood culture or we should now replace it fully with an automated system? Cost-effectivity, efficiency, and availability wise.

How can we optimize low sensitive sensor to high sensitive sensor in order minimize the cost effect

Hello everyone,

We intend to detect WSD (white spot disease) in infected shrimps (post larva and broodstock). We need to use accurate, very sensitive, rapid detection and of course cost effective kit. So can anyone know which kit/kits are suitable for the detection? Does anyone have recommendations for that?

Thanks in advance.

Remediating iron toxicity in irrigation water and soil using cost effective and cultural method.

What is the best cost-effective way to remove dissolved iron from groundwater for fish farming?

how to decellularize dermal matrix?

The plant to be used is Alugbati (Basella rubra). The pigment of the extract is a shade of brown due to the leaves being green and the stem being red. This plant is a superfood and it's a waste to have its nutrient removed just because I want to decolorize the extract. Please suggest a method that is effective and inexpensive.

Our execution team casted a raft foundation for an elevated tank, but the compressive results was not satisfactory with only 14 MPa after 7 days. we came up with many solutions but expensive, from your experience what could be the most cost effective solution?

Best Regards

The normal procedure to make Co2 gas into solid

1)Compression and cooling method.

Could please suggest some ideas to make co2 gas into co2 solid? ( cost - effective method)

I am very keen in making biochar at home at small scale. A Cost effective method. I am very keen to know it's effect on garden produce. Any help or literature or methods would be greatly appreciated. Regards.

please suggest any low resource and cost-effective solutions for developing wind speed measurement as an anemometer. Or Can we use an Airspeed sensor for measuring Wind speed?

I am using Silicic acid treatment for estimating the silicon absorption in Rice. Is there any better alternative which is also cost-effective?

on a tight budget with little experience in studying cancer in mice which method should we pursue for successful implatation of MCF-7 cancer cells on mice

Help with tips on building a Markov model in excel pls ?

When given event rates, does it have to be converted to Probabilities?

How and when do you use life tables ?

And how and what use is the standard error in Markov models ?

Hello!

Does anyone have a source for reliable, and cost effective 384 well PCR plates compatible with the Applied Biosystems Quantstudio 5?

Thank you!

Hello I'm an undergrad student working on my thesis. I want to know what might be possible research gaps in AI (especially it's diffusion in NGOs/NPOs)... I originally wanted to know why tech transfer or diffusion of emerging technologies is difficult in non-profit animal shelters excluding cost effectiveness

Also, Please recommend me articles for literature review.

What are some methods that can study the transfer of genes laterally in different species of microbes under lab conditions. I'm mainly looking for cost-effective ways.

For some poeple Plastic Road is highly hazardous, especially for aquatic animals and birds. When plastics are exposed to sunlight and especially heat, they begin to turn into a harmful health element called microplastics. This harmful element is absorbed into the soil and has the ability to accumulate toxic substances around it.

Can anybody describe various methods by which angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) can be measured? which method is cost-effective but still reliable?

Ultrafiltration is one of the methods that yields high purified phytoglycogen extract from corn. However, utilizing cost-effective methods for extraction are highly-encouraged for researcher to venture. What are the methods that can affect for high yield phytoglycogen extract for corn?

I think aTakara/Clontech one will, but it is expensive to try it out so am looking for a more cost-effective trial!

Hi

I am working on hepatic insulin resistance and currently looking for any accurate and cost effective ways to measure the glucose uptake within the cells and in the media. Can anyone suggest me an appropriate assay along with its detailed procedure.

Thank you

It is for my PhD methodology

I'm working on a manganese processing project. Unfortunately, in the manganese ore high amounts of divalent iron are present and it remain in solution after acidic leaching and increasing pH to 5.

There is a global trend to phase out dental amalgam in line with the Minimata Convention. But in third world countries dental amalgam is still used due to its longevity, ease of use and cost-effectiveness.Pros and cons of amalgam use should be considered before banning it in third world countries.

For strengthening of existing URM buildings, which techniques can we opt to get better seismic performance in terms of high strength, deformability, and energy absorption capacity?

Hello! I am looking into a number of different recruitment companies, and the prices are pretty obnoxious. We are conducting an 8-week longitudinal study (fully online/remote) based on an intervention introduced at Time 0. Then, we have three follow-up evaluations at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 8 weeks. We will handle participant compensation ourselves, so we do not need a recruitment company to facilitate this. We plan to recruit around 120 participants from the US, UK, Canada, and some countries in the EU (English-speaking participants).

So far, User Interviews (https://www.userinterviews.com/) and Find Participants (https://www.findparticipants.com/) seem to be the most cost-effective options, but I am not sure about the extent to which both of these platforms enable longitudinal studies and communication with participants for the follow-up evaluations.

Can anyone recommend one of these over the other, or suggest other cost-effective recruitment services for a psychological research study?

Are there other (free) ways to recruit participants that you might recommend?

Thank you.

Recently cost effective process of new method of producing Sodium Saccharine is needed. Along with disposal of the effluent produced.

What could be cost effective and easy to process source of activitated carbon?

I need the protocol for the isolation of bioactive compounds from fungi that is easy and cost-effective

Dear all

I was wondering. In many/most cost-effect diagrams, the effect (or effectiveness, benefit, etc.) is often plotted as the independent variable on the x axis. However, logically, the costs would be on the x-axis as the independent variable and effects the dependent variable (e.g., dependent on the investment), or?. Does anyone know the explanation?

(I apologise if this is a trivial question for Business academics. It's not really my field).

Thanks for any hint or explanation.

Best,

Mikkel

please mention cost-effective and gold standard method

Plastic is now integral part of our life. Plastic industry is growing with a lot many Environmental problems.

We have various options and technologies but each one has its own merits and demerits.

1. Is it possible to ban plastic? The answer may be a big No.

2. We may ban a particular type of plastic? If yes, what type of plastic could be banned?

3. Reduce it use? But the problem will be there again.

4. Recycling is one good option but not cost effective.

5. Biodegradable plastic is one attractive alternative but not practical or may be very expensive?

In such situations what may be recommended?

My research is in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell field. I've been looking for a cost effective gas analyzer. I need it to continuously analyze H2, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4.The prices for some of them is $100K which is too high for our group's budget. I need some recommendation based on your experience. Thank you in advance.

I have been looking for a good cost-effective tool for 3D modelling a glass-glass solar module system. I was initially considering Skelion as a tool but it does not look very promising, a bit outdated I suppose and it costs $200 for a license. I wanted to know if Skelion and SketchUp together can help me design the system, and are there any decent alternatives?

I'm planning to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of a web-based psychological intervention. To quantify statistical uncertainty and plot the CE plane and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve, I want to simulate ICERs with bootstrapping. I'm mostly familiar with SPSS but unfortunately it does not create a file with bootstrapped samples. Some papers on CEA describe using Excel macros. Does anyone know where could I find something like this that could help me with bootstrapping and plotting the results? Thank you in advance!

Our study is based on Salinity stress and its impact on the plant's biosynthetic pathway. We are treating pots containing plants with different concentration of NaCl water and analyzing the results by maintaining a control plant without NaCl. We want to check the sodium concentration which is already present inside the soil before NaCl treatment. Can anybody please suggest us a simple biochemical or any other method??

I have heard many methods but still did not find an effective method for growing them in the lab. Therefore, I would like to know the practicable cost-effective method for growing marine algae inside a lab. Please, someone, know kind provide me with the method.

Regarding a clinical trial that evaluate an educational intervention for diabetic patients, 78 patients were enrolled (39 in control and 39 in intervention group)... However, only 60 patients (30 in each group) had completed the study .... So in this case how to measure costs? can someone calculate costs for only those who completed the study? or we must add costs for medications, education and consultation for those who lost in follow up?

Is it normal to get higher costs among control group because they use more medications? can someone measure ICER by measuring the difference between 2 group in regard to difference in costs between start and end of study (for each group) [ delta cost difference of group 1 - delta cost difference of group 2]? if it is OK, can someone provide me with a reference about it

On the other hand, the study was for 6 months of follow up, can I measure QALY according to 6 months values of quality of life? how to solve such problem?

Articles describing the use of carbon dots in agriculture have been increasing recently. Again, studies have found that carbon dots size and shape and some other features are effective. Therefore, it is important to be able to produce carbon dots in the desired size range.

The carbon dots produced in laboratory scale are purified and classified using various methods (centrifugal, size exclusion chromatography, membrane filtration, dialysis bags, etc.). Since carbon dots need to be produced on an industrial scale for agricultural use, what should be the most appropriate and cost-effective method for large-volume production? (Carbon dots are produced from biomass and carbon dots are 3-6 nanometers in size. Only carbon dots with a size of 4 nanometers are required.)

I am interested in tracking emission from mangrove ecosystem, while portable gas analyzers existing; the associated costs are high. On the same note, few studies have been undertaken using locally assembled measure toolkit using cheap sensors. Whereas ,I am contemplating following this route, I am not sure it will be robust enough for extensive field assessment. Does anyone have an idea on how to go about it in a cost effective way?.

Thanks

George

Fishery by-products utilisation in the industry with minimum cost and low carbon emissions.

The best mitigation measure to reduce atmospheric carbon will be promotion of green energy and increment of forest cover. However, Hydro-power development a source of cost-effective and low-carbon renewable energy adopted about 160 countries with capacity of 1209 GWe generates about 3500TWh per year along in Asia with 542GW installed capacity and 2,204 GW potential. Does promotion of hydro power development can contribute to reduce GHG or CO2 emission in the atmosphere than another green energy promoting technology ?

starch based nanocomposite hydrogels

For metal deposition, one could use a clam shell (with a chamber with relatively low internal volume and height) or sliding door (with chambers of height over 500 mm) evaporators The type of evaporator determines substrate size, homogeneity, substrate overheating etc. Is a clam shell (which is more cost-effective) sufficient for metal deposition on perovskite films, ensuring the preparation of highly-efficient devices?

I have a grid connected 5KW system with 16 panels, with individual panel rating ranging from 36-40 V at 8 A connectedin series give approximately 500-600 V at 8 A. In times of power outage, the Inverter usually supplies power to the load. In absence of a battery unit how do we limit the excess power produced. We thought of using a buck converter to minimize production in such power outage scenarios, but using a buck converter for close to 2KW or 3KW is practically impossible and not cost effective.

I did think of using a voltage reference based power limit control, but the inverter's MPPT is not taking the reference votlage. The inverter in question is a commercial one made by Growatt solutions with an inbuilt MPPT control.