Science topic

Corruption - Science topic

All institutions are prone to corruption and to the vices of their members.
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Scientifically, rationally and logically correct measurement and accounting not possible unless unit of measurement/accounting is clearly defined (constant) quantity of what is measured and therefore if law mandates just measurement and accounting it is implied that it mandates that unit of measurement/accounting of wealth must be clearly defined (constant/most stable) quantity of wealth. Further corruption of measurement and accounting not only a serious threat to economic justice but to our civilization.
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I don't think that economic justice makes it mandatory that a unit of measurement/account be defined and that wealth be the constant/most stable quantity. I do not know about Islamic Sharia's take on determining the unit of measurement. However, establishing a consistent and stable unit of measurement is vital for maintaining fairness, as it helps prevent exploitation and ensures that individuals receive what they are entitled to in transactions and wealth distribution. Therefore, it is beneficial to advocate for a stable unit of measurement.
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How and to what extent do corruption and a lack of transparency in public life impede economic and social development, lead to the waste of public funds and erode public trust?
There are many indications that corruption and a lack of transparency in public life are serious problems that hinder economic and social development, lead to the waste of public funds and erode social trust. Corruption, i.e. the abuse of public power for private gain, occurs at various levels of government and affects both the public and private sectors. Lack of transparency, i.e. the concealment of information on decisions made and public funds spent, encourages corruption and hinders public scrutiny. An effective solution to this problem requires strengthening state institutions, enforcing the law, promoting transparency in public life and fighting corruption at all levels. Research plays an important role in solving this problem by providing the knowledge and analysis necessary to develop effective strategies.
What is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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I think it depends on whom they ask. I just think that people who are bereaucrats could not care less about it.
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Hello dear Researchers,
I hope you are doing well,
Where can find the CPI dataset?
Please share the link with me.
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i am using the trjconv command in gromacs
gmx_mpi -debug trjconv -s md.gro -f md.xtc -o utr.xtc -fit rot+trans
and after few steps i got the error
gmx_mpi': corrupted size vs. prev_size: 0x0000000001d1b320 ***
if anyone know how to resolve it , I will be gratefull
thanks you
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The error gmx_mpi: corrupted size vs. prev_size typically indicates a memory allocation issue, possibly due to file corruption or a bug in GROMACS.
Here’s how to resolve it:
  1. Recheck your input files: Ensure that your .gro and .xtc files are not corrupted.
  2. Use a different GROMACS version: Sometimes, such errors are version-specific. Try using a stable release.
  3. Reduce the system size: If the system is large, try splitting the trajectory into smaller parts.
  4. Check memory usage: Ensure your system has enough memory (RAM) available.
All of which can be easily done at mdsim360.com, a new platform that lets you run MD simulations entirely online without local installation.
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Teachers are key figures in shaping the moral and ethical frameworks of future generations. Understanding their influence can inform educational practices that promote integrity and accountability.
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Hmm ... Whats about the intellectual money corruption in the developed world? I think it is more the "knowledge filter" of trying to be mainstream and traditionally established as mentioned in the book "Forbidden Archeology" by PHD Richard Thompson (and of curse the bakksish of the Big Pharma) as mentioned in my book
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The China-African trade policy has been one sided since inception. China's main OFDI priority has been to target resource rich African nations with huge markets and very poor institutional quality index.
The policy is mixed and deceptive because it focuses on few resource poor African nations BUT with huge market, highly unskilled-cheap labour workforce with very corrupt leaders.
Most resource rich African nations are indebted to China with repayments plans skewed in China's trade interest.
Thus, making it arguably that China-Africa trade relations will end up with
the economic colonisation of most African nations by China.
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Yes, it is possible to substantiate that China-Africa trade relations can resemble a new form of colonization in some African nations. Critics highlight several factors:
Debt dependency is a major concern, as extensive Chinese lending to African countries can lead to significant debt burdens. This dependency may result in a loss of sovereignty, with countries compelled to align their policies with Chinese interests to secure debt relief or additional loans.
Additionally, the focus of Chinese investments on resource extraction often benefits local economies minimally, reflecting exploitative practices similar to those seen during colonial times. There are also issues regarding labor practices in Chinese enterprises, where local workers may face underpayment and poor working conditions, mirroring colonial-era labor dynamics.
Finally, China's growing influence raises alarms about political leverage. The "no-strings-attached" approach in trade and investment can undermine democratic governance and human rights in recipient countries, reflecting patterns reminiscent of colonial control.
These arguments are supported by various analyses and research on the dynamics of China-Africa relations.
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Discuss the constitutional and legislative framework mandating the forensic
investigators to investigate fraud and corruption offenses in public and private sectors
as a proactive measure designed to enhance system integrity (prevention measures) and
reactive responses (reporting, detecting and investigative activities) to fight fraud cases
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Political institutions are possibly more important for the legislative framework to combat corruption.
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Over the past three years, I have noticed that a considerable number of researchers are publishing more than twenty, thirty, or even forty papers annually. This is a clear indication of academic corruption, and the appropriate response in such cases would be to hold them accountable, not reward them.
What are the suitable procedures to stop such unethical behavior?
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This is in preparation for research demonstrating the implications of corruption on the allocation of public resources. I am exploring how clientelism, rent-seeking and other corrupt practices reduce the volume of public resources available to specific sectors, and distort the intended distribution of such resources.
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Andries, Francois, Geldenhuys., Oluseye, Samuel, Ajuwon., Michael, Graham. (2020). Resource curse and the eiti membership effect on the economic growth and corruption in sub-saharan africa: part i - a theoretical review. Oradea Journal of Business and Economics, 5(1):18-28. doi: 10.47535/1991OJBE085
Porto, Bazie., Noël, Thiombiano., Eugénie., W., H., Maiga. (2024). Allocating budget in developing countries, the need to fight corruption: evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries. Future Business Journal, doi: 10.1186/s43093-023-00289-y
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Why I Asked About Democracy
I asked if democracy has really worked for the progress of a country or if it has contributed more to corruption and self-interest because I want to understand if democracy truly benefits people or if it has serious flaws. Democracy is often seen as the best way to govern, but I want to look deeper at both the good and bad sides of it.
Here are some reasons why this question is important:
1. Progress Evaluation
Democracy and Progress:
  • Democracies are often praised for promoting economic growth, social development, and political stability. They allow people to participate in government and protect individual rights.
Key Question:
  • Do democratic principles like freedom of speech, free elections, and the separation of powers actually help a country progress socially and economically?
2. Corruption in Democratic Systems
Democracy and Corruption:
  • Even with checks and balances, democratic systems can still be corrupt. Corruption can weaken democratic institutions and cause people to lose trust in their government.
Key Question:
  • How and why does corruption happen in democracies, and how much does it affect a country's progress?
3. Self-Interest and Populism
Self-Interest and Populism:
  • Democracies can be vulnerable to populist leaders who exploit people's fears and desires for their own gain. This can lead to short-sighted policies and undermine democratic institutions.
Key Question:
  • How can democratic systems protect themselves from the dangers of populism and leaders who act in their own self-interest?
4. Lessons from Different Countries
International Examples:
  • By looking at different countries, both successful democracies and those that struggle with corruption and self-interest, we can learn important lessons.
Key Question:
  • What can we learn from the experiences of countries like Norway, Brazil, the United States, South Korea, India, South Africa, and even our own Suriname?
5. Specific Context of Suriname
Suriname’s Reality:
  • Suriname, like many other countries, has its own unique challenges and context. It's important to understand how democratic principles work within our specific political, economic, and social framework.
Key Question:
  • How can Suriname apply lessons from other countries to strengthen its own democratic system and fight corruption?
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It is important to know whether democracy is regarded as a means or ends. If democracy is ends, then all its dark sides can be tolerated as some side effects. If democracy is a means for economic prosperity or people's happiness, then it is debatable whether other political systems might be able to produce the same or even better result.
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Is there any impact of the interest rate, corruption perception index, and economic growth on foreign direct investment in developing countries?
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Certainly many studies have established there is negative impact on Foreign Direct investment when there is a high corruption perception index in many developing economies.
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Consider the impact of policy stability, corruption levels, and government efficiency on economic performance in both types of governance. Economic growth is a critical indicator of a country's development, and the type of governance can significantly influence this growth. Democracies and autocracies have distinct mechanisms and approaches that affect their economic trajectories. Participants can share empirical data, theoretical insights, and case studies to enrich the conversation and deepen understanding of the complex interplay between governance structures and economic outcomes.
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Democratic regimes generally promote economic growth through stability, rule of law, property rights protection, and investment in human capital and infrastructure. Autocratic regimes can focus growth through centralized control, but may lack transparency, stifling innovation and long-term stability.
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What is the Collective Injustice? Are you going through it?
Would you please read on share with us your opinion?
Platform title - Public opinion issues - Collective injustice
Subtitle: Depends on the field of collective injustice
Announcement: Live Broadcast
On Sundays weekly with the issue of public opinion - collective injustice
Platform link and exact time: in the description attached to the video.
What is meant by collective injustice? What are his scenarios?
Did you know that you live in permanent collective injustice?
Did you know you have the right to expose and hold everyone who participated in your injustice accountable?
How do you deal with everyone who wronged you?
How do you deal with the damage resulting from collective injustice?
How do you demand your rights and the rights of the oppressed?
Please take the platform and join us in collective injustice. Why?
(1)
We all face many collective injustices in all or some aspects of our lives. Unfortunately, collective injustice has become widespread in all parts of the earth, but its severity varies from one place to another.
(2)
We document in articles, stories, books, magazines, videos, and posters, and we present and identify scenes and point out the effects of disasters resulting from collective injustice on all of us, our businesses, and our culture. The focus here will naturally be because I live in the United States of America, Egypt, and Arab countries, and I will be exposed to collective injustice in other places in the world.
We now have more than 12 reform books and more than 36 books that explain the collective injustice to which most Americans, Egyptians, and Arabs, including me, have been subjected.
+ We will show how state governments, federal governments, their various branches, and all civil, service, and volunteer organizations do not listen or care and have become hideously involved in collective injustice against Muslims, the elderly, and African Americans.
+ We will explain, based on more than 45 years of experience in the United States of America, recorded documentary research, and enormous evidence, the corruption from top to bottom in all of our society that exists in (top) state and federal governments and their branches and what they call civil and supportive organizations (to bring down).
All businesses (both for-profit and non-profit) you deal with, including the company or organization you work for
+ Since I am an American of Egyptian origin (the mother of the world) and an Arab, I will share with you some ongoing examples of collective injustice (inflicted on the majority of Egyptians and Arabs, myself included) in all aspects of life, from the failed and corrupt systems, their shameful media, their corrupt institutions, their followers, scholars, and sheiks, and their corrupt treatment in all Human, social, legal, scientific, applied, and other fields.
Some will ask. What are the benefits that accrue to us from this platform:
1. Knowledge
2. Documentation
3. Exposing and holding accountable everyone who participated and contributed to collective injustice
4. How to deal with collective injustice
5. Know how to claim your legal rights.
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Collective injustice is the war on the poor and most vulnerable people in our society. We see mass incarceration in the US. I have been arrested and imprisoned several times in Southern Ohio due to the stories i cover and report on. I just served 18 days on made up and trumped up charges involving police officers and its all out in public. We absolutley live in an era of collective injustice its just people with money are exempt from this system.
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The question talks about how political actors behave in relation to political arena.
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Conversely, in my opinion the idea of clientelism can obviously leads to a corrupt government. In other words, the concept of clientelism often result to a corrupt government due to the exchange of favors for political support, compromising the issue of transparency and accountability.
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Most of the man-made problems all over the world ~ corruption, injustice, tyranny, oppression, fraud, poverty, unrest, bloodshed etc. are the root cause of people's lack of sufficient knowledge and consciousness and mental illness due to lack of real education. Blind-faith, blind-devotion, superstition, violence- hatred- terror etc. criminal and inhuman activities are all born from them.
Real human development and world peace can only be achieved if proper mind-development education and training is introduced everywhere. If true human development takes place through mind-developmental education, then most human-centered problems and crises will be solved.
The right education is the education to create a sufficiently developed human being. A very advanced education and training called 'Mahamnan' has been prepared, through which the mind and consciousness of the students will be developed considerably. Students will become truth-loving and rational and will be able to perceive the real situation including the people around them. Students will be able and strive to improve the environment and improve the people around them along with their own development. Freed from superstitions, they will rationally understand their own body and mind and political, economic and cultural conditions and try to make positive changes in them if necessary for the sake of living well. A good political party and social system without corruption will not be formed if enough developed people are not formed. People cannot get out of the trap of superstition or blind -faith. Real human development will not happen and real development of the country will not happen if better people are not created. But it will not be possible in a few days to remove the darkness and superstition accumulated from the human mind for thousands of years, it will require a lot of time. After a few generations the full benefits of this reform will be realized.
Equation:
P represent the prevalence of societal problems such as corruption, injustice, tyranny, oppression, fraud, poverty, unrest, and bloodshed. Let \( E \) represent the level of education and consciousness provided to individuals:
P = f(E)
Where:
• f represents the function describing the relationship between education and societal problems.
• E represents the level of education and consciousness provided to individuals.
Furthermore, to capture the impact of proper mind-development education on human development and world peace, we can introduce another variable:
H represent the degree of human development and world peace achieved, influenced by the introduction of mind-development education:
H = g(E)
Where:
• g represents the function describing the relationship between education and human development/world peace.
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Again, conventional academic education and religious education are incapable of producing true human development. That is why people are in such a bad condition today and that is why I have to create the path of real human development through proper mental development education through many researches. Religious education has for so long taught people to believe blindly, not to be rational and acquire pure knowledge.
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Could you help me in this regard? I would be very grateful to you.
I thank you in advance for your valuable assistance.
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Hi, I would advise to reach out Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project in this regard.
Best
Haroon
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We will illustrate many instances of such. And we will also show the ugly fabrication of made-up laws as needed to satisfy their need for apparent injustice.
First Press Release
November 15, 2023
Documentary Books series: Collective Injustice
SJSU: Violating the regulations and laws that are supposed to be followed within the university.
Reply to: CSU Condemns Antisemitism and Islamophobia
An important message from the CSU Chancellor's Office.
Dr. Mildred García, CSU Chancellor & Wenda Fong, CSU Board of Trustees Chair
It is said:" When your actions contradict your words, your words do not mean anything." San Jose State University (SJSU) has enacted laws and regulations that stand unequivocally against hatred, bigotry, racism, and anti-religion, including "Semitism" and "Islamophobia," and promote the language of dialogue, belonging, and the well-being of society. It includes a commitment to freedom of thought and speech, lawful protest and demonstration, the expression of differing viewpoints, and informed and civil debate. Suppose it runs legally and is compatible with each university's time and place policies and ensures the safety of the university's students, faculty, and staff despite all of that. In that case, unfortunately, it does not adhere to any of these regulations. Instead, it goes the opposite way, with racist violations, harassment, and the language of threats and retaliation. Many faculty members affiliated with the university have these violations and abuses against me, and this is evident from the measures that were taken against me because of my race and religion and without justification. I was exposed to all forms of injustice by the University of California and its faculty members, which caused me many psychological, physical, professional, and other repercussions. We will present here some forms of this injustice. We mention, firstly, that they prevented and suspended me from teaching at the university without a clear justification, reduced my academic rank from permanent professor to lecturer, and accordingly stopped my salary several times; in addition to that, they recruited some students to spy on me and work to destroy my computer system. Not to mention the racism in the treatment and double standards with the department's students and the belittling of my students' legitimate rights by facilitating their affairs in writing their dissertations, supporting them, and providing assistance to them. This bias in treatment and the war they waged against me caused me a lot of trouble, problems, and health, psychological, physical, and professional damage alike.
If you want to know more about that in detail, don't hesitate to contact me at (info.aitg@aeehitg.com) to get the extended stories with much evidence.
Important Alert
The purpose of writing this press release is not to offend any person, institution, group, political party, government, or country in the world. Instead, the purpose is to report and tell what befell me of wrong lest my experience would be repeated with others. It is intended to keep the stability of the community and guarantee the protection of its members, whether native or expatriate. It is a cry from me so that it may reach the ears of the world. Perhaps someone will hear it and help me to restore my lost and stolen rights. I intend to mention the names of some people who have done me wrong. I am not against any person, institution, government, or political party, but I am against any corruption or transgression by some irresponsible individuals who do not fulfill the role assigned to them appropriately. This is only for your information.
Contact information
AEEH PRESS INC
P.O. Box 21514
San Jose, CA 95151
Phone: 650-304-1543
Landline Phone and Fax – 408-984-3886
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For 19 years I worked in prisons, here in Ontario, Canada, as a psychology staff; there was a general willingness to implement what needed to be implemented by law, but there were times where there was some conscious or unconscious resistance to it and I saw my job, many times, as an opportunity to put in practice what was supposed to be done by law, which some times is difficulty as they were all maximum security facilities. Two were my approaches to the situation: I got involved in movements/initiatives (inside the organization) related to the issue. But most often, whenever the issue had to do direct with my work, I always had in mind and acted according to the College of Psychologists guidelines to justify what I was doing, and documented what I had done even in a more careful way.
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Hellow.
Can someone explain to me how is it possible that the main editor of Physical review D sends her papers to the very same journal she serve as a main editor ?
it is a major contradiction of interest. Even lawyers know that. She only sends to that journal she edits in:
It's only a singular example, but it's just goes to show, which lack of integrity I was talking about within the ST community.
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Andrew Paul McKenzie Pegman Hellow Andrew. Thanks for commenting.
These examples of lack of integrity making me doubt whether it's even worth to begin that peer review process. Some of those Physicists are not playing by the rules to say the least.
Can you imagine people like that admitting their mistakes ?
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Ideal status quo's are blatantly more harmful to the majority of individuals in today's societies.
Dissemination of Canada's sovereignty is only way truth and reconciliation can occur. This will leave the shared land of the "self determined sovereign allies in the government of the indigenous.
This is possible if we open our minds and shut our egotistical, privileged, systemically biased discrimination impulses aside.
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Zane Collins fight for Truth
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how to allaviate poverty in Nigeria
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Bilal Sani We can begin by filling round holes with round pegs in areas of political appointments.
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Do checks & balances work when it comes to the three organs of government, specifically in developing countries?
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If you'd like to see how corruption shows up even in extremely wealthy and sophisticated environments, you'll find fine fiction examples in the TV series "24" with Kiefer Sutherland (2001-2010) in a Counter Terrorism Unit.
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Corruption has often been a thorn in the development of countries. Brazil is no exception. By some estimates, 7% of the gross domestic product of Brazil is siphoned off yearly in the form of kickbacks. This represents 200 billion dollars that rather than going toward better schools and hospitals is used instead to purchase and furnish lavish villas in the Swiss Alps by unscrupulous officials. It takes a strong and disciplined individual to not accept a bribe. Tribhuvandas Patel, who became a member of Mahatma Gandhi’s Freedom Movement in the 1930’s, was one such individual. He was instrumental in empowered a whole generation of poor Indian farmers through the establishment of cooperatives (Rajaram 2014). Patel had a steadfast rule: never take advantage as a civil servant by redirecting public funds toward one’s family.
Over the course of Brazil’s history this rule continues to be violated such that Lula da Silva who was once considered the new face of Brazil’s empowerment of the poor decided, along with his many colleagues, to enrich himself in the process. He is now serving a twelve-year prison sentence for his transgressions, but many of his associates continue to steal from the public treasury. This fact has put the Brazilian electorate in a tizzy as they go to the polls to vote for a new president. Shortly, they must decide between Fernando Haddad, who has been tainted by his associations with Lula da Silva, and Jair Bolsonaro who is differentially tainted by wanting to empower the military, to bring back torture, and to curtail the civil rights of Women, Blacks, and Gays whom he sees as less deserving. Some have gone as far as to compare Bolsonaro to Hitler. In the 1930’s, Germans had to make a similar choice between candidates and they chose Hilter. This of course was a massive cost not only to German society but also to Europe and the world at large, not to mention the six million Jews who were exterminated. It is unfortunate that Lula da Silva did not turn out to be a better human being, more in the tradition of a true freedom fighter such as Tribhuvandas Patel.
Reference
Rajaram NS (2014) Remembering the father of ‘Milk Revolution’. New Global India, March.
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Brazil is currently considered one of the best democratic countries in South America, due to its enjoyment of political stability and a recovery in economic development, and this reflects positively on the social structure.
This does not mean that the country is not devoid of corruption, as corruption exists in most countries in the world, but Brazil is better than others.
Therefore, the state must fight corruption in all its forms, because this leads to a loss of political confidence between the people and the ruling elite.
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With a view to a work on the mechanisms to combat corruption.
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I think automatic audit mechanisms (I take it as a continuous audit on municipal governments by the central government), is a required mechanism to check and balance the local powers with the central powers, that sounds good but what if the central government is corrupt? This is exactly what`s happing in Turkiye. Central government lost its municipal elections against the opposition Republican`s People party in all big cities and since then in last 4.5 years it has been hindering the municipal help towards them. They are doing this through their so called independent(!) auditors.
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Is there any Interplay between Corruption Perception Index and GDP Growth?
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There are two views of corruption. One regards it as "sand in the machine" and the other regards it as lubricant. The former means corruption index may be negatively correlated with economic growth. The latter means corruption index may be positively correlated with economic growth. In general, this is a complex issue that should not be treated simplistically.
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Hi! I am working with MODIS images, I need to estimate EVI, to do it correctly, first I need to evaluate the quality assessment data layer and overlap it with the EVI layer to dismiss those pixels that are corrupted. Any idea of a tutorial to do this with qgis?
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you can follow these steps:
  1. Load the Data: Open QGIS and load both the EVI image and the corresponding QA layer into the project.
  2. Understand the QA Layer: Before proceeding, make sure you understand the information encoded in the QA layer. The QA layer typically contains flags or bits that represent the quality or validity of each pixel in the EVI image. Different bits might represent different data quality characteristics such as cloud cover, atmospheric conditions, sensor errors, etc. You need to know which bits indicate reliable data.
  3. Access the Layer Properties: Right-click on the EVI image layer in the QGIS Layers panel and select "Properties."
  4. Define Transparent/Invalid Pixels: In the Layer Properties window, navigate to the "Transparency" tab. Here, you can define which pixels should be considered invalid or unreliable based on the information stored in the QA layer. You can either set specific pixel values to be transparent or use the "Additional no data value" option to exclude unreliable values.
  5. Symbology and Visualization: Adjust the symbology settings of the EVI layer to better visualize the reliable pixels. You can use a color map or a gradient to highlight the areas with good data quality.
  6. Masking: If the QA layer contains specific bits representing unreliable data, you can use the "Raster Calculator" tool to create a mask that isolates only the reliable pixels. The Raster Calculator allows you to define an expression that filters the pixels based on the desired QA bits. For example, you can use a conditional statement to extract pixels with specific bit values indicating good data quality.
  7. Save the Reliable Pixels: If needed, you can save the masked EVI image as a new raster layer, containing only the reliable pixels.
  8. Further Analysis: With the reliable pixels isolated, you can now perform any further analysis or visualization using the clean EVI data.
Keep in mind that the specific steps may vary based on the data format and the type of QA layer provided. It's crucial to refer to the data provider's documentation or metadata to understand the information stored in the QA layer and how to interpret and use it effectively to estimate reliable pixels in the EVI image.
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If you were in an administrative position, what would be the fastest way for you to eliminate administrative corruption globally and locally?
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Raise official salaries.
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Often around the world we see nations battling with their own cultural ideologies, particularly between the West and Eastern Nations. Often when one nation sees their policies, humane reforms as valid. It is viewed differently by international community. In most cases excessive ideological beliefs can be a fallacy. The culture, ideological beliefs in the West is different than in other countries. But due to conflicting interests in human rights, we observe the world as divided. A global caste system. The danger stereotypical beliefs is that it is not always right. It is fair to say that all countries have their fair share corrupt leaders ,and mistreatment of local communities. The west have exploited a lot resources from the developing nations. The developing nations have not done much to improve their countries with a much needed exchange diplomacy with the West or maybe due to fallacy of local customs, their development vision is different. I may be wrong. However, many things are not clear when you don't directly observe it. News are businesses and they will often spread misinformation. Ideology nowadays is used as a means to justify political agenda. The line between serving and gaining is not clear. I would like to get your views regarding this matter, but please keep your discussions friendly. Your kind answers are highly appreciated.
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The worship of the state is the worship of force. There is no more dangerous menace to civilization than a government of incompetent, corrupt, or vile men. The worst evils which mankind ever had to endure were inflicted by bad governments. The state can be and has often been in the course of history the main source of mischief and disaster. The market system is the basis of our civilization.
Its only alternative is the Führer principle.
Lv Mises
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I’m searching for modern or contemporary plays which deal with women’s oppression and nature or environment (climate change)‘s corruption. I’m looking for plays by African Women Playwrights and Australian Women Playwright.
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Hi,
You can read these books to get an idea of what are the main drama texts that have been discussed in the chapters
Also see
An Ecofeminist Reading of Cherríe Moraga's Heroes and SaintsAmany El-Sawy, PhD, English Department, Alexandria University, Egypt
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I am feeling that academics is corrupted due to the publication requirement for phd graduation in addition to funders driven publication.
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Here in the UK, it tends to be strongly encouraged, but is not absolutely vital. Having a paper submitted and uploaded on a repository counts for a lot. (For context, I'm in mathematics).
One good reason for this is that journals now can take literally years to review a paper, so even if you submit in the first year it may not be possible to complete the publication cycle, especially since the student would be encouraged to submit to the best journals possible to begin with, which does raise the probability of initial rejection.
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The founding leader of an organization enjoys the confidence of their followers. However, when a new leader takes over and directs the organization towards the same goals, the founding leader may face legal repercussions due to involvement in corruption or ethical violations. How would this affect the performance of the current leader of the organization?
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Hi Boudouda,
Although not 'founding' leaders you might like to look at the current situation in Scotland and in particular what happened to Alex Salmond when he concluded his time as First Minister, and the storm around Nicola Sturgeon since she stepped down.
Good starter at:
Kind Regards,
Martin
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"Hello, I'm currently exploring the topic of image inpainting and am particularly interested in methods that utilize autoencoders for regeneration. I'm wondering if there are any recent, efficient techniques that have shown promising results in this area. Specifically, I'm looking for methods that can effectively regenerate images with missing or corrupted parts, while minimizing artifacts or distortion.
Can you recommend any relevant papers or techniques that have shown good performance in this area? I would also appreciate any resources or insights you can provide on this topic. Thank you for your time and expertise."
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Hello, I am doing academic studies on image encryption using hyper chaotic map. I can't help you because I don't work on image inpainting. I wish you good work. You're welcome..
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How can corruption in the national system of awarding non-refundable financial grants for innovative business ventures undermine the development of innovation and science?
In what way can corruption in the national system of granting non-refundable financial subsidies from the public finance system for innovative business ventures be an important element in the decline of the credibility of key public institutions supporting cooperation between business and science, a decline in the level of innovation in the economy, a decline in the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative solutions and patents created during research work, a weakening of the development of national science?
An important factor for the effective economic development of the country is the development of innovativeness, including the creation of new, innovative technologies and their implementation and development in business applications. Important factors for the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship in the economy include efficiently and reliably functioning systems of financial subsidies la innovative startups and companies and enterprises implementing and developing new, innovative technologies in business applications. However, when this system is flawed, does not function efficiently and reliably, is permeated with corruption and the extortion of funds from the state's public finance system, then the process of activating innovation and entrepreneurship in the economy does not work. This is particularly relevant in a paradise where investment banking is underdeveloped and, as a result, the development of innovative startups is, outside of grants from the national public finance system and outside of financial grants from the European Union, financed mainly on the basis of family loans, equity financing provided by business angels, specialised investment funds and crowdfunding available on the Internet. These are therefore not great opportunities to finance the development of innovative startups in a situation where commercial banks avoid lending to this type of entity. Commercial banks are unlikely to grant loans to finance the development of an innovative startup because they assess the credit risk as high for this type of business venture or they are also unable to precisely quantify the credit risk for startups that plan to implement and develop new, innovative technologies. In such a situation, a system of non-repayable financial subsidies coming from the public finance system and distributed systemically to such ventures can be of great help in activating the development of innovation and entrepreneurship. In order for this kind of system of distributing grants for innovative projects to work efficiently and effectively, the process of distributing funds under this kind of non-returnable grant schemes should be conducted in the form of competitions, during which genuinely innovative technological solutions should be selected. The competitions should be carried out taking into account the real expertise in innovation, reliable processes of analysis and evaluation of the level of innovation and determination of the level of usefulness, possibilities of practical applications, improvement of the effectiveness of economic processes, improvement of the level of profitability, obtaining specific positive effects of applying new innovations in a company or enterprise, etc. It is also necessary to carry out a number of market studies and analysis of the demand in specific markets, in specific spheres of economic activity, the demand from specific types of economic entities and/or citizens for products and services that will be created by the implementation and development in business of specific new innovative technologies. However, when corruption, including embezzlement of public money, occurs in this system of distributing financial subsidies then the whole system does not work effectively. When corruption occurs in public institutions distributing financial subsidies then the process of activating innovation and entrepreneurship does not work effectively. In view of the above, corruption in the national system of awarding financial grants from European Union funds for innovative business ventures may be an important element of a decrease in the credibility of key public institutions supporting cooperation between business and science, a decrease in the level of innovation in the economy, a decrease in the effectiveness of implementation of innovative solutions and patents created during research work, a weakening of the development of national science. In the country in which I operate, further cases of this type of corruption have been detected, which has been taking place in the National Centre for Research and Development, i.e. in the institution that distributes European Union financial grants to innovative start-ups and companies and enterprises implementing and developing new, innovative technologies in business applications.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In what way can corruption in the national system of granting non-refundable financial subsidies from the public finance system for innovative business ventures be an important element in the decline of the credibility of key public institutions supporting cooperation between business and science, a decline in the level of innovation in the economy, a decline in the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative solutions and patents created during research work, a weakening of the development of national science?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Corruption can have a significant impact on the development of innovation and entrepreneurship, and can ultimately limit a country's economic development opportunities. Here are some ways in which corruption can undermine innovation and entrepreneurship:
1.Lack of investment: Corruption often diverts resources away from productive uses and towards personal gain. This can result in a lack of investment in research and development, which is crucial for innovation and entrepreneurship.
2.Limited competition: Corruption can create an uneven playing field where only a select few have access to business opportunities, contracts, and licenses. This can limit competition and stifle innovation.
3.Weak institutions: Corruption undermines the rule of law and weakens institutions such as the judiciary and law enforcement agencies. This can create an environment where intellectual property rights are not protected, contracts are not enforced, and entrepreneurs do not feel secure in their business activities.
4. Lack of trust: Corruption erodes trust in government and institutions, making it more difficult for entrepreneurs to do business. This can lead to a lack of confidence in the market, a reluctance to invest, and a lack of motivation to innovate.
5.Brain drain: Corruption can also lead to a "brain drain" where talented entrepreneurs and innovators leave the country in search of a more stable and fair business environment.
All of these factors can limit the development of innovation and entrepreneurship, which are critical drivers of economic growth and development. By promoting transparency, accountability, and a level playing field, countries can create an environment that fosters innovation and entrepreneurship, leading to greater economic opportunities for all.
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Does the Criminal Justice System show bias towards the upper classes?
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The criminal justice system favours those that are educated and wealthy. Those that are uneducated are unable to grasp the navigation required in any justice system and those that are not wealthy cannot afford representation to navigate the system for them.
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Good day for everyone
Kindly, may anyone help me?
I am facing a problem when downloading data about (corruption)
where I need data from 1990- 2020.
Note the data available on the site (Transparency International) is just from 1995, but I have seen some papers that used data from 1990. for example (The Impact of Financial Corruption on Economic Performance The Case of Jordan)
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Just look here:
Coppedge, M.J. et al.: V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v.5. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
There are data from 1900 onwards.
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Proponents of gun pocession by citizens claim that it is a neceseccity otherwise it distorts the strong atomism they support, the one that such pocession is a right with political implications (defend from corrupted government).
A majority of these proponents have controversial claims about other civil issues such as IDs necessity, for example.
They might believe that IDs are bad because they make you a number, register your life's dealts etc.
But it has functional roles. How can you be identified as the claimant to a bank if the banker is not a close acquitance?
2 strong arguments agaist popular non hunting gun pocession
People that are proponents of free guns for self Defence right and Defence from corrupted government seizing their state fail to ask important questions. What is the role of police? With regards to corrupted governs there is press power, anti corruption ngo's, institutions to monitor. How can one miss such a big corruption for long enough? One who still holds these arguments in low regard is either is not literate enough of moderncivil political orgamization or undermines its status and wellness of aims to the anarchic level..
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As an archaeologist, I can not see any period, or group, without weapons to either shoot at prey to eventually eat, or other hunters that do not stay on their own "turff". Naturally, I can be blind - but look back in time, and see you you find. The problem with our modern weapons is that they work to well.
Lou
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This year CEUR-WS.org publisher has changed the requirements to the authors of the papers to be submitted for the conference. As required by CEUR-WS.org, at least one author of the submission must have at least 5 papers listed in DBLP (https://ceur-ws.org/HOWTOSUBMIT.html#FAQ-DBLPFOOTPRINT). To check the number of your papers in DBLP, please, go to DBLP site: https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pid/77/11070.html.
If I 'd like to participate in CEUR-WS.org conference then I need to include in my author list another person that has 5 papers listed in DBLP but not made nothing for preparing the conference paper? I think that such requirements is the base of the corruption in the science world. Is it normal?
I think that in more case new author can give a better results as a person that have more than 5 papers in DBLP. This approach of CEUR-WS.org blocks the development of emerging and disruptive science areas.
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Please note that CEUR-WS.org is not a publisher and not an organizer of conferences (see their instructions: "In CEUR-WS.org, you as proceedings editor are also the publisher."). It is just a platform for open-access workshop proceedings.
Concerning the DBLP bibliography rule, the complete text reads: "CEUR-WS supports the publication of computer-science workshops (and conferences). We sometimes receive submissions that apears to have only marginal relations to computer science. To check the relevance to computer science, we may request editors to provide us with data on how many publications authors and PC members have in the DBLP bibliography. Typically, we demand that each paper has at least one author with at least 5 papers listed in DBLP." Therefore, this rule is to check the relevance to computer science in a simple way. Please note also that they "may request". Exceptions may be possible, I think - these should be discussed with the proceedings editor(s).
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Dear colleagues, please help us find the Wallac 1420 program. We use a fairly old but reliable Victor2 Multilabel Counter, however the connected computer crashed and the program was corrupted. Unfortunately, due to a number of laboratory moves, the original CD was lost. We would be very grateful if someone could share the CD image for this program.
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Very sorry , I don't have it.
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In present era of globalization “governance” and “good governance” are being increasingly getting implemented and practiced. Bad governance is considered as one of the major root causes of all irregularities and evil in the society and has a deep impact on economic environment.
International financial body like World Bank and IMF are now facilitating loan and advances to the nations on the conditions that they are practicing “Governance” and “good governance”.
•It is also defined as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development”.
•Governance means “the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented.
•It can be viewed as the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs.
•It is also been defined as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development.
•It is used in several contexts among them most widely used as corporate governance, national, international and local governance.
•It is well defined mechanism, a establish process and institutions which is been used by the citizens and groups to articulate their interest, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.
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My friend Yusuf Ajoge, how can you say presence of infrastructure and provision of basic life necessities in a country full of corruption a sign of proving good governance? Most of these developing countries are the ones engulfed with corruption practices. Most of their leaders on theory they preach developmental theories but in practice they enhance corruption and tribal ideologies.
I agree with you 100% when you say they struggle to achieve set goals of development and stability. World Bank and IMF should provide loans plus control measures. there must be total accountability to the monies given even though these states claim independence.
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One of the easiest ways to handle missing or corrupted data is to drop those rows or columns or replace them entirely with some other value.
There are two useful methods in Pandas:
  • IsNull() and dropna() will help to find the columns/rows with missing data and drop them
  • Fillna() will replace the wrong values with a placeholder value
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as a researcher you will definitely know if that is missing or corrupted. Any data collected has to undergo thorough analysis to identify if something is missing. If indeed its missing get back to the drawing and find it. in case data is corrupted, then omit the corrupt part. that is why data has to be cleaned.
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Setting aside the problems raised by positive conflicts of jurisdiction, does it make any sense that the alleged corruption of MEPs is dealt with under Belgian (or French, or any other national) law, and is thus subject to the definition of the offence and the penalties it provides for?
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Many thanks for all the answers.
Indeed, there is no EU law that directly provides for the definition and punishment of corruption of an EU official (or any other offence, for all that matters). I agree that, in such a context, national laws apply, based on the classic grounds of jurisdiction. However, this is the starting point of the discussion, not the conclusion - should it be so? Should the punishment of an offence against a legal interest of the EU (which does not concern the Member States) be left to national laws and their idiosyncrasies? The problem is not which national law should apply - but whether *any* national law should apply. Suppose that, for some reason, the competent national law (eg., the territorial law) only punishes the corruption of national officials. Or - more likely - that the penalties provided for by the several national laws for the bribery of an EU official vary widely. The position of the EU in this respect is fundamentally different from other international organisations: it is a *political Union*, endowed with legislative competence, also in the field of criminal law (art. 83 TFEU). My point is that, for the protection of a few legal interests of its own, the EU should have the competence to define the offences and set the penalties via an act (a regulation) that would apply across the EU, irrespective of the place of commission or the nationality of the perpetrator. Of course, this would require a specific basis (and hence a change) in the Treaties.
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Hello;
I recently analyzed the video data of climbing assay in drosophila using Fiji. I used a valid plug-in for tracking flies. At the end of the analysis, Fiji converts the results to excel documents (.xls). I suppose to have sequentially decreasing data in the excel files, but I get a series of crazy numbers instead. Besides, some of the data (numbers) are changed to dates. Please find the attached file to have a look at.
When I try to analyse the videos on another computer (Imac), there is no problem with the excel files. I can get the proper results without mistakes. Something seems wrong with my computer (Mac) or program. Everything is updated. Has anybody had a similar problem before, or do you have any idea what's wrong with Fiji on my computer?
I appreciate your help.
Best,
Dilara
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Thank you for sharing your ideas. It is very annoying that Excel has uncorrected issues. I've tried hard to change something in Excel to get clear results. I suppose I have found the reason for my corrupted data.
My issue was much simpler than I thought. It was all about language settings! Seems funny; however, region-dependent date/time/number formatting changes my data because I use Excel in Turkish language and with its settings. What I did was change the decimal and thousand separators to the EN version. It worked!
I appreciate your help and your other suggestions. I am happy not to do analysis in R or other since I haven't used them before :)
Thank you for your time.
Best,
Dilara
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Digital slavery, in the form of a central bank digital currency that is programmable, is nothing but master-servant relationship that violates all human rights and is only used to control humanity in ways much worse and more destructive than the slavey by the Egyptians, Europeans, and Chinese, in addition to the Southern Americans pre-1900.
There's no excuse to allow a central bank digital currency , and in fact, the central banking system is more corrupt than any mafia on earth.
Prove me wrong.
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105 countries are currently exploring centralized digital currencies. Together, they represent 95% of global GDP. (Citation from: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualized-the-state-of-central-bank-digital-currencies/
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Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a new form of money that exists only in digital form. Instead of printing money, the central bank issues widely accessible digital coins so that digital transactions and transfers become simple. Efforts towards CBDC grow all over the world for many reasons.
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Central bank digital currencies are digital tokens, similar to cryptocurrency, issued by a central bank. They are pegged to the value of that country's fiat currency.
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Imo, unless properly planned for across the monetary ecosystem, a widely adopted or mandated CBDC could fuel significant disruption of legacy financial services economics and customer relationships; any successful CBDC launch is likely to require intense cooperation between central and commercial banks.
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Many countries are now facing corruption and money transfer from polliticians and corrupted personal,while peoples of those countries suffering poorness and sickness and less developed accomodations ,how to punish and eliminate those ignorant corrupted peoples ?
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This happened in the most of the developing countries because of the stakeholders who will involve corruption have to punish by the effective laws and control systems.
It is like blood that the corruption will penetrate everywhere in all offices due to lack of administration and control measures.
It doesn't mean that politicians doing corruption and the poor people in the developing countries.
Those who are in power are looking for corruption could earn good income through corruption.
It can be controlled by the Government Police forces next Judicial system.
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I have FiSAT II 1.2.2 software but as I feed the data it either shows a corrupted file or the wrong data format. I have arranged my data as per the manual. What could be the reason behind this? If possible can anyone provide the official link for FiSAT software as maybe I have downloaded the wrong version? Kindly guide
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Priyanka Rana, these are the steps, i have followed to feed the data.
1. First create a grouped length frequency data file (.lfq) format.
2. Then set the Unit of measurement (cm/mm), type of measurement (TL/SL/CL/SL/ML), smallest mid length and class interval
3. After that click add sample, fill the sample date (Group into monthly length frequency and select the mid point of your sampling days in a month). It is very important one.
4. Then enter the length frequency of the species in the given column (just below the created sampling day). You can follow the same way to feed your length frequency data for whole year.
5. Save the file and do your analysis
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The tragedy of developing countries is that these countries take huge loans to run the country. Then the corrupt leaders there take away money through corruption and invest it in developed countries or deposit it in international banks. But the people here have been bearing the burden of this debt for decades. Because of the countries and international institutions from which loans were taken, the same countries also make the policies of these vulnerable countries. They decide the fate of the people there. Therefore, people suffer inflation in terms of electricity, gas, water, and taxes. Developed countries interfere in developing countries, make policies there, impose corrupt leaders on the people there, and make their lives worse.
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To succeed every event pushing the money then things will move.
You can't predict what will happen in the Developing Countries because things are implemented according to the interest of the bureaucracy.
Bureaucracy is the delaying mechanisms to have an apparent or disguise corruption in many offices.
Ignorance is the fate of the poor people, inability to give the money for every issue is the fate of the middle income people in the developing countries.
Inappropriate policies will affect the citizens abruptly and abnormally in many occasions.
Believing trust worthy leaders could be another problems of the people in the developing countries.
Irregular operations, not adhere to rules and regulations, everybody is a king in the developing countries.
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There is an upsurge recently in the activities of bandits, militants, and kidnappers in many less developed nations in contemporary time culminating into mirage of socio-ethical problems and insecurity.
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This is very sensitive Question to answer could punch the Bureaus and the Government either directly or indirectly.
Most of the developing countries have corruption is deep rooted in the public administration. The Africa's politics are emerging from country to country but disguise silent way of exchanging the resources secretly.
Good Governance could empower to control the people and the democratic to make more effective.
The same is true of any developing countries in Asia and Africa to maintain the transparency until the goals could be achieved in their administration.
Intelligent matters to succeed all the administrative practices to save the citizens against all kind of atrocities in the country.
Most of the African countries political leaders/stakeholders have come across many challenges to maintain the peace and security in the native country and abroad also.
Military can able to protect the citizens and the community to save somehow how to control the mass and society.
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This article is relevant to my PhD thesis. I am researching on the topic "African christology and the fight against corruption in Ghana".
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Google scholar indicates it was published in the above named German journal, but it is not available in PDF form. May be your library can use inter-loan system to get it for you.
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I am working on an article on the challenges in the implementation of Pretrial Rights in Afghanistan using Grounded Theory. Open Codes developed like Corruption, Lack of Resources, Security Concerns, etc point to problems in state capacity. I am working on which of the two concepts could better help in explaining my findings.
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Thank you
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I want to test the impact that regulation has on the continued struggle that Nigeria is facing with financial exclusion. I want to correlate regulations with corruption and heightened government negligence. What research technique is best to adopt. I intend to use data on the economy, financial inclusion and corruption indexes for the last 10years and the regulatory dynamism of the financial sector over the same period
I do not recommended readings on related subject matter.
Regards
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There is global consensus on the importance of financial inclusion due to its vital role in bringing integrity and stability into an economy's financial system and its role in sustainably fighting poverty. However, it is more pertinent in the case of some African countries, such as Nigeria as a developing nation, to use financial inclusion as a platform not just for growing the financial sector but more as an engine for driving inclusive economic growth.
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I’m doing a research right now and I’m trying ti find how and to what extent corruption impacts the interest of retail investors in a particular country. After a brief lit review, I tought to correlate and do a regression between the corruption perceptions index and equity shares ownership by households in a given country. Now, I think that If I pop in other control variables it will dilute the significance of this one and I won’t be able to distinguish how high of significance is just corruption. Should I be adding things such as GDP, interest rates, inflation or some other even?
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One important reason for including control variables is to "eliminate threats to validity." In particular, you want to show that your key independent variables have effects that are "above and beyond" the effects of other relevant variables. If you don't do this, then you are open to counter-arguments that effects you present were "really due to..."
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THREAD CLOSED
Dear Sir / Madam, Sir , I wanted to request your participation in filling of questionnaire related to my MS research based upon your experience in Procurement/Blockchain. I am sharing the link of google forms.  I wanted to specially request for sharing it among your connections/known ones having experience in Block Chain please.
With Regards
Naveed Iqbal Khan , MS Scholar Department of construction Engineering & Management NUST college of Civil Engineering , Risalpur , Pakistan
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is it valid up to now, ... So, might my answer helpful for you...
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After running some regression, as well as the correlation matrix, I find that where corruption increase government spending diminishes especially military ones. Yet the literature highlights that we should observe the reversal phenomenon. No matter the regression I run, the result is meaningful. I'm finding explanation to this result
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Increased corruption has a tendency to increase revenue leakages in that government collects less tax due to corruption in the end impacts negatively on the amounts of funds available for supporting government expenditures
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In many occasions recruitment panel members are biased on their own Ph.D students, political pressures etc. Some times low quality candidates are selected as they offers huge black money. There is no value of quality research in India. University level educational system is suffering. Not a single University get chance in the Top 300 institutions in the world. Recruitment procedures mentioned by UGC are not monitoring at all.
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Dear Dr Nikunja Mohan Modak . The corruption in recruitment in general will damage the academic level of the graduate student and this will affect badly the community.
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I am writing a dissertation on the topic of sex trafficking. Having read Siddharth Kara's book i wanted to explore the topic more however, it has proven to be difficult to narrow down the specifics of such a huge topic. I am particularly interested in police corruption which facilitates exploitation, vague laws on prevention of sex trafficking, psychological trauma of survivors and traffickers understanding of their role in this illegal market. Any help with sources, research methods or discourses would be greatly appreciated. Please let me know your thoughts
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Dominika Sokolowska you are probably moving along on your research, and more research on this topic is very much needed. From the US perspective this will give you more ideas-- https://humanrightsclinic.usc.edu/2021/11/15/over-policing-sex-trafficking-how-u-s-law-enforcement-should-reform-operations/
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I think the title completely describes the question.
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Over the years, no respondent has countered my assertion. Bottom line is that no government is good government, and this view is rather consistent with my view, me being an anarchistic libertarian.
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when make a study of corporate frauds and crimes , one notices always that corruption takes place when when one faces threat of punishment due to non compliance’s of laws .In india Satyam , Enron or ILFS are examples of corporate crimes arising out of non compliance’s .
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This article gives a broad overview of each of the four primary compliance risks in Vietnam: anti-corruption, regulatory compliance, employee fraud and corporate criminal liability. https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/review/the-asia-pacific-investigations-review/2020/article/vietnam-compliance-risks
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I'm looking at the relationship between silence and corruption and how these are used to marginalize the Other
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Thank you for the answer
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Hello,
I recorded a 2D HN spectrum on Bruker TopSpin 4.1.3 on a 800 MHz spectrometer and when changing the referencing I accidentally set the Spectrometer Frequency SF to 0 Hz in the nitrogen dimension. Now the data cannot be opened and when I try to display it, there is an error message indicating that "Data set doesn't exist, or is not accessible or is corrupt. Illegal parameter value: resolution[2] = -infinity." Does anyone know how can this be fixed ? I cannot correct the SF since the data won't be displayed, so I cannot access the PROCPARS. Is there a command which can change the PROCPARS of a dataset which is not currently displayed on the software ?
Thanks a lot for any advice,
Louis Brigandat
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Dear Louis,
you could try navigate to the EXPNO folder where your data is stored and check the acqus/acqu2s files. There should be lines for sf1, sf2, and so on, which you can edit to the correct value.
Hope this helps!
Max
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Hi, I am interested in focusing my dissertation on corruption (specifically in Colombia or Latin America). As the theme is very broad, I would really appreciate if you could give me some suggestions on what to focus my research on so that I can come up with a narrowed research question. Also, if you have specific corruption theories I could look into that would be great. (I already looked into underdevelopment theories such as neo-patrimonialism and dependency theory).
I have brainstormed some ideas that can be linked to corruption:
- underdevelopment (health, education, infrastructure)
- as a threat to democracy (institutions, transparency, public policy, unpunishment)
Thank you!
(International Political Economy)
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fundamental reason behind lack of health facilities, education and basic life needs? Is it political failure, corruption or negligence Val Camacho
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I need the data to perform OLS where the dependent variable will be the shadow economy in Greece and the independent the corruption in Greece and the amount of e-transactions per person in the country, but I can't find the data, can someone help me please?
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Here is a document where they show a few variables regarding electronic transactions in Greece. Likewise, I add other documents that will surely be of help. I hope they serve you, best regards.
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Dear professors,
I am looking for a global database for any of the aspects of the quality of the institutions with yearly data since 1995 or earlier. I need it to be freely accessible. I know about the Corruption Perception Index from Transparency international and the Freedom of Press from the Freedom House.
Very much thank you in advance!
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This article is old but it might help you since it reviews available datasets with a bearing on the institutional capacity of the administrative machinery of government:
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Background:
That in observed instances and Perception of Corruption index reports, Police have detained motorists or coerced them into parting with bribes. That in many countries, Police lack the necessary tools for on-the-spot inspection and preservation of evidence e.g cameras or online mobile devices. That even when the Police cause a vehicle to be driven to Police stations, the Police stations lack the necessary equipment to provide Inspection as anticipated in respective Traffic Acts. That on matters Traffic, the Police stations become centers of extortion, frustration and inconvenience as opposed to service and facilitation for the benefit of motorists. That in many countries, there is no tracking of how many stops and inspections Police conduct in their daily routine thus leaving room for abuse of these random checks and stops.
This project seeks to establish the circumstances that lead to the lack of transparency in Traffic policing activities
References:
1. Police Corruption Perceptions Index: https://www.indexmundi.com/surveys/results/1
3. Crime, Poverty and Police Corruption in Developing Countries: https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3078-crime-poverty-and-police-corruption.pdf
4. Core Factors of Police Corruption Across the World: https://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/publications/core_factors.pdf
5. Australia struggles to improve global corruption perception ranking: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7b4c3fea-fd7b-47f0-a455-29b047413c7e
6. To Serve and Collect: Measuring Police Corruption: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1144321?seq=1
8. What Do Corruption Indices Measure?: https://uh.edu/~gujhelyi/corrmeasures.pdf
9. Police (mis)behavior: a cross‐cultural study of corruption seriousness: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/13639510510614609/full/html?skipTracking=true
10. WHAT DETERMINES CORRUPTION? INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE FROM MICRO DATA: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w10460/w10460.pdf
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Police stations with digital capacities maintain e-record of daily reports. For instance city I live, city department used to post on it's website the daily record of the interactions including report numbers with the citizens.To my knowledge, police departments If they do not have digital capacity, they maintain a "register" (hard copy) ( FIR reports) of the daily interactions with the citizen. Any interaction that police officers do not include in the daily report means police officer interacted outside legal authority. Thanks and Regards, Prit Kaur
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I need an existing research work on the role of EFCC on assest recovery and return in Nigeria especially during Muhammadu Buhari led administration who is Keen toward fighting corruption.
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@Taofeek, You will need to visit EFCC Office close (if any) to you in order to obtain their periodic publications in addition to whatever you can get on their (EFCC) website. Also, interview will not be a bad idea.
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How do we install Caver 1.0 as a standalone application on our laptop? I tried download as usual, but the system keeps telling me the executable jar file is corrupted or invalid after I extracted from the zip file. What should I do regarding this matter ?
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Tried to download again. It will still persist than turn off your antivirus then tried it again.
Kind Regards
Qamar Ul Islam
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I designed an algorithm for MRI data denoising which has good properties under heavy Rician noise (sigma is greater than 80). The method was tested on Brainweb's phantom and Matlab's ricernd() function. Now I want to test the algorithm on real MRI data. Could I ask you to recommend free datasets of MRI data where images are disturbed by heavy Rician noise (sigma is greater than 80)?
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Dear Krzystof
Are you interested with a test data with high b-values weighted diffusion MRI ?
matrix size of 196×196×16 (field of view=2.7cm×2cm×1.2cm)
native resolution 0.137755102 x 0.102040816 x 0.75 mm
31 b-values :
6 independent directions
As the b-value increase the signal decrease , then the SNR decrease but with 31x6 equivalent estimations of the noise baseline level
Images of animals. One hemisphere with high SNR, the contralateral has less signal, in the same image (pathological model).
You should have the noisy to ultra noisy image you want to deal with.
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Are there any study about these issues?
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However, corruption is a symptom of a social disease rather than a cause of disease. Political systems where dictators and families rule provide good environments for corruption to spread. And so are the hierarchical social formations or structures like tribalism, religious and cultural affiliations, and sectarianism.
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Many experts believe that the impact of corruption and other unethical practices in modern society are worse than COVID-19, Ebola, cancer, etc.
Arguably, corrupt activities in the construction and infrastructure sector are difficult to predict and control because of its secret nature, subtleness, characteristics of mega projects, complex procurement strategies, human/organisational involvement, nature of clients, etc.
Though, to a certain degree we can predict many things about human being and organisations such as performance, finance, profit, progression rates, mobility, culture, etc. But there is no agreed or empirical method(s) for predicting and controlling corrupt activities particularly in mega construction projects.
Indeed, the idea of corruption in the construction industry plays a powerful role in thinking about organisations and the behaviour of those entrusted with commercial responsibilities. According to the United Nation “nowhere is corruption more ingrained than in the construction sector”. The problem of corrupt practices in the sector seems to be exacerbated by the culture (the characteristics, knowledge of groups of people and organisational values) in the industry.
Therefore, devising competent methods on how to predict and control corrupt activities in mega construction projects will certainly be a significant development; because you cannot manage what you cannot measure.
The simple research question up for discussion is: What are the most effective and efficient methods for predicting and controlling corrupt activities in mega construction projects?
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Financial corruption resulted in the undermining of the economic organization and thus the failure of building the state of law.
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I have the Corruption perception index as a control variable in my study and i'm not sure what i have use the score or the rank of the country ? please advice what i have to use in the data entry and how .
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Dear Aya Omar
The gold standard in the estimation model is to prioritize the ratio scale variables. I advise you to use the CPI score.
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In this article we pose the dilemmas of international NGOs in terms of whether their influence has been positive or negative in developing countries. While going for the negative side ourselves we would welcome more positive readings. This is an important debate though much neglected.
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Whether international non-governmental organizations are helpful in the context of effectively supplementing the functions of state institutions depends on whether they realistically pursue pro-social statutory goals, or implement the demands of society and people's needs. Public central and local government institutions do not always fully correctly implement specific pro-social goals and functions of the state in the field of providing public goods and services to the society. NGOs operating in the national and international scope can fill the gaps in the effective functioning of public institutions. NGOs operating internationally should also organize and implement medical, food and economic aid for the poorest countries, characterized by weaker economic development and low income of citizens. International NGOs can also support the cross-border transfer of technology and capital to stimulate economic development in poorer countries. In addition, internationally active green NGOs can support the implementation of the ecological transformation of the economy in poorer countries. In this way, the disproportions in the economic and technological development, etc. will be reduced. International disproportions in terms of income, standard of living and the pro-ecological transformation of the economy should be reduced.
Have a nice day, Stay healthy! Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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While availing any governmental or non governmental service, have you been part of any type of corruption or have you paid in any sort to public servant while try to get any public service done?
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No
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I need more elaborate for this question.
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Maybe you will find some useful information here:
"Implementing and Enforcing the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption: a Comparative Review" - https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/aucpcc-comparative-review
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Based on empirical observation, I assume that there is some correlation between corruption and households. How to measure?
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In my country almost all of corrupted people use their corruption money to pay expensive western university tuition fees of their children, to buy multiple houses to live in with their family, to buy expensive SUV cars for their college student kids. Also, they buy some offshore real estates. Featured to my country, all of corrupted have family and more than 2 kids.
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I just want to think funny. What could be the impact of corruption, bribery and nepotism on agricultural production and food security in Africa?
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The formation of citizens with strategic thinking, solidarity and equitable access to decisions making (citizenship) is increasingly seen as a practical solution to face the consequences of Covid 19, corruption and biases in local/regional development. Your valuable contributions are welcomed.
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Dear Luis Fernando Gallegos-Rodríguez,
Yes. In my opinion, crises such as the natural crisis, climate crisis, pandemic crisis, etc. are the source of economic, social, political crises, etc. In such difficult situations, the importance of general social awareness of various aspects of social justice, social political responsibility, democratization and liberalization of various spheres of life is growing citizens, fairer management and distribution of goods, sustainable development. In the conditions of serious crises threatening the effective development of civilization, the importance of social civic responsibility grows, social undertakings are undertaken from the bottom to increase social justice in the field of a more even distribution of goods, new social organizations co-create civil society and opportunities for socio-economic and civilization development increase in accordance with principles of sustainable development. Thanks to these processes, there is an increase in the possibilities of solving problems resulting from economic crises (e.g. causing an increase in unemployment, a decrease in income, an increase in the scale of economic stratification of the society, an increase in the income disproportion of key social strata), natural and health crises (e.g. natural disasters, plagues of infectious diseases and pests on farmlands, epidemics and pandemics, including the SARS-CoV-2 / Covid-19 / Coronavirus pandemic), climate crises (e.g. droughts, soil barrenness and desertification in farmlands, forest fires, ongoing global warming process, increasing scale weather anomalies and climatic disasters), etc. Therefore, the development of civil society favors the possibility of a real implementation of the principles of sustainable development into economic processes.
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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In the criteria for selecting marketing channels: the geographical of the market, demand, control and supervision, corruption, etc. are effective. Can it be claimed that Covid-19 has led us to online distribution? Or the type of product is still effective, such as FMCG product.
Of course, I still think hybrid channels are the key to success.
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During covid, the following channels became relevant:
  • Search Engine Optimization
  • Referral Marketing
  • Content Marketing
  • Public Relations
  • Online Advertising
  • Social Media Marketing
  • Online Events
  • Community Building
  • Link Building
Regards, Sergey
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What is the role of the United Nations in the world?
Do believe the United Nations play the right role with Iraqi protesters?
Every day the Iraqi corrupt government and their corrupt parties kill Iraqi protesters, with the silent of all glob including UN.
(Please recommend this question to broaden this debate)
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To tell the truth, the United Nations work as the great countries want.
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MINOR POWER PLAY
research problem
Being creative in Morocco comes with a few ‘pushbacks’; certain constraints and issues to deal with, which are specifically bound to this country. These constraints derive from religion (which is embedded in) politics (and creates) corrupted institutions (and more separation in) social classes. Also because of the arrival of the internet another gap is created between generations.
Religion; e.g. Figurative prohibition
(corrupted) Politics; no true freedom of speech, no governmental support in the prosperity of the creative scene. 
Corrupted institutions; little funding within the creative field, not enough platforms for dispersion and publicity.
Social classes; inequality in professional possibilities; “A country that still regards Artistic expression as a luxury rather than being functional in the construction of cultural identity” 
Generations; lack of understanding and support in personal surroundings. 
I am researching with mainly a positive attitude, trying to listen and read in a decolonial way.
Refrences:
  • Personal perspectives and experiences from Moroccan friends
  • Amine, Khalid ; Theatre in Morocco and the postcolonial turn 2009
  • El Maarouf, Moulay Driss ; Undressing the System: The Rituals of Madness and Badness in Moroccan Music Festivals
  • OZY article ; The Man Modernizing Morocco Through Art 2020.
  • Boujemi, Hanane ; Global Information Society Watch, Morocco, The internet and corruption 2012 
  • Richards, Greg ; Desiging creative places: The role of creative tourism 2019
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I have now altered my research question and wrote a first draft of my abstract.
What can we learn from young Moroccan creatives who are breaking grounds without an artistic infrastructure?
“In Morocco art and artists are seen as a luxury rather than being functional in the construct of cultural identity”1. This takes shape in the form of an alternative artistic infrastructure, which is formed by the boundaries and restrictions that arise out of politics, religion and differences in social classes. The institutions within this structure are on the one side controlled and provided by creatives from higher social classes, mostly in the form of residencies and non-profit organisations that only just formed in the late 90’s. The other side is controlled by, and exclusively rests in the hands of Moroccan administration, who are not bothered by the lack of education and need for financial fundings. At the same time, this infrastructure is not formed by the self-appointed few who controle the scene, but instead by the many creatives that participate(d) within the infrastructure itself tend to shape it towards a very experimental and ground breaking practice.
This is in contrast to the predominantly western and European artistic scene that is changing, according to Harun Farocki “from an era of reproduction into an ara of construction”, in which artistic visions are shaped by a sea of information and the accessibility of resources. However, the downside of this infrastructure is where the format of the public and private institutions are confined to a outdated format, that has been created by a homogeneous selected few and has not been challenged or changed ever since. This means that whatever is being sent and received, or rather, pre-selected and then presented towards the individuals fits this format and has been framed.
I am inspired by the work of Francis Alys who creates transitory social scenes in cooperation with its surroundings. Alys claims that “The true aftermath of the works lies in the ripples of anecdote and image that radiate out from it”. I am researching in which ways anecdoting could set examples and inspire to change creative infrastructures, and believe we could definitely learn a thing or two from these young Moroccan creatives, as they move around freely and in opposition to these (almost) non-existing infrastructures still with their authentic vision and voice in tact, as I have experienced first hand.
1Amine, Khalid. “Theatre in Morocco and the Postcolonial Turn.” Textures: Online Platform for Interweaving Performance Cultures (2009).
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I am looking for a Likert scale to assess the intensity of corruption among general public.
I have searched a lot, but couldn't succeed. Therefore, if there's one.
Thank you in advance.
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What are some of the factors that promote corruption in developing countries?
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Interesting question! Corruption is not exclusive from developing countries. Please check this paper on cases of corruption in supply chains:
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How can we minimise the rate of corruption in developing countries or while availing any other public services?
What according to you can be the best remedies through which it's growing rate can be reduced or minimised?
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With information and communication technology, civil society has been playing an increasing role in good governance, promoting transparency and accountability to tackle corruption. Development agencies can strengthen civil society-led, ICT-driven anticorruption initiatives by funding projects and programs that foster institutional environments conducive to participation in public affairs, promote cooperation and mobilization, and develop capacities.
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I would like to get corruption data for these four countries: Greece Albania Romania and Bulgaria. Any database you can refer to?
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Worldbank allows to download what they call "Governance Indicators". One of them is corruption data. You can access and download. https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=worldwide-governance-indicators
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In his prominent book "The Problem of Corruption", Syed Hussein Alatas argues that no structural, legal or administrative changes will succeed in the fight against corruption unless societies ensure a sufficient supply of individuals of high moral calibre into vital positions of power.
The question is how can societies supply and facilitate the rise of these "good individuals" to positions of power so they can play a decisive role in getting rid of corruption?
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Since I remember (in the seventies), it has been a broken promise in my country. The solutions tried had been numerous: strict laws and exemplary penalties against corruption, confidence control mechanisms in recruitment, robust transparency iinstitutes and audit and accountability systems endowed with constitutional autonomy, and, more recently, anti-corruption systems created as an independent power in the constitutional design of the State, which have among their organs a council of non-party citizens who set the rules for the recruitment of high publico officials and study the CVs of the candidates. Notwhitstanding the foregoing, the corruption scandals had never disappeard and have even reached the members of the aforementioned concils of non-party citizens. I wonder if it has to do with the political culture. We live in a formal political system which suposes to have the law as a core value... but reality shows that people don't really care the strict compliance of all legal provisions. Furthemore, in specific reurring cases, it is considered that applyng exactly what the law says is more unfair than not applying it. I think the problem is that, since the liberal democracy model was adopted, certain idealized values that did not correspond to real values have been assumed. Perhaps we should start with a thorough study (philosophical, anthropological, sociological) of these real values, and take the results of research as a starting point for a new design of political institutions.
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If your country is already in debt close to depression, corruption on it's peak, and has lack of maintained basic services throughout it's rural parts of the country, how do you increase it's currency value when one of it's major source of revenue is government loans?
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In order to increase the value of the currency the following should be done:
Monetary Policy Measures
1. Increase the Bank Rate (Monetary Policy Rate)
2.Open Market Operation (Government need to sell securities from the capital market to reduce money circulation on the market).
3. Increase The Reserve requirements
4.Increase the Rediscount Rate
Fiscal Policy Measures
1.Increase taxation
2.Reduce in public expenditure
3.Reduce in Public Borrowing
4.Control of deficit financing
Direct Controls
1.Proper Wage policy
2.Promotion of savings
3.Raising the levels of output
4.Implementation of anti-corruption and public fund commission review
These measure can help!!!!
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I am currently looking for drivers of corruption in infrastructure projects. However, other than Stansbury's Exposing the Foundations of Corruption in Construction, I have not been able to find a good source for this topic. Do you know any sources that could help me? Or, do you have any proposals?
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Hello Alvaro,
There is substantial body of published literature on drivers of corruption in infrastructure projects. In fact, a senior colleague in my department @Emmanuel Kingsford Owusu completed a PhD research on the topic.
Below are some of publications. You may check his researchgate account to find more relevant articles.
1. Impacts of anti-corruption barriers on the efficacy of anti-corruption measures in infrastructure projects: Implications for sustainable development
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119078
2. Causal Factors of Corruption in Construction Project Management: An Overview
10.1007/s11948-017-0002-4
3. Barriers Affecting Effective Application of Anticorruption Measures in Infrastructure Projects: Disparities between Developed and Developing Countries
10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000667
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Here is a small challenge:
In a research community (e.g., uni faculty, conferences) consisting of researchers (e.g., professors, etc), every researcher knows each other. There are good researchers and a corrupt one. Each researcher knows about some other researchers and whether each of them is good or corrupt, but s/he doesn't know whether her/himself is corrupt or not. One day, a queen who has the power to know everything about all communities, came to the research community and told that "there is one corrupt researcher in this community. You should not exchange with each other what you already know about the corruption. I ask any of you to leave in the midnight of the day once you know that yourself is corrupt."
Edit: Readers may find the definition of 'corrupt': https://www.dictionary.com/browse/corrupt
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Corruption detection in Distributed Network
In computer science, if a 'good entity' doesn't act under the rule nor communicate their knowledge, it is said malfunctioned, compromised or corrupted. Theoretically, those entities actually become no different from the corrupt ones who actually targets the network. Mathematically, if many such 'good' entities existed, the whole network is compromised, it can no longer distinguish what is good or not. When the network comes to that state, it is irreversible. Detected corruption is as important as the knowledge, and sharing detected corruption must be part of the rules.
Only computer science is given in this example, readers may get their own intuition in the matters they are concerned.
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Conjecture 1:
Given: there are rules (law) for every good entity to follow, and assume they all follow.
Conjecture: If all good entities still act (do, follow, obey) based on the common rules (law) and share knowledge (truth, facts) via communication, then corruption can be uncovered if not dominant.
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Truth, Majority, Transparency and Education
For any sample of population and any person in the sample has an equal chance to access to or deduce the truth, then majority is likely to get closer to the truth than the remainder. In practice, the chances vary and truths sometimes are restricted to only a small portion. That's why majority may not work in such setting. Transparency and education help.
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Summary of discussions
Knowledge and communication may be not sufficient to stop corruption. It needs rules and transparency.
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Version 2: In a committee of n researchers, each researcher interacts with exactly k other researchers each day and finds out whether any of the k is corrupt. The researcher then gossips the new finding with 1 other research on that day. Note that, the corrupt researcher can also gossip, but his/her message can be true/wrong each time. If the queen comes and tells that there is one corrupt researcher, can the committee spot it out? in how many days? if there is no such queen, can the committee still find it out?
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In my opinion, the main cause of corruption is the morality.
Regards.
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" Picture a world where every product and appliance is environmentally friendly, where every supermarket item is fair trade, where corruption is an urban myth and poverty a long-distant memory. Hard to imagine?
Technically, it is possible… if everyone adhered to sustainable procurement."
Recently, I found this statement on this website: https://www.csr-company.com/our-services/iso-20400-sustainable-procurement-%E2%80%93-implementation-and-auditverification. Seems like an organisation with a serious mission.
I wondered whether creating this ideal world was really this simple. If yes, why do we not spend MUCH MORE attention to ethics in supply chains, that is with the selling and the buying side. And consider the financial and societal benefits more ethical supply chains would bring. Looking forward to a good discussion. BR Anne Staal
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I believe improvements in supply chain ethical behaviour requires the party that controls the supply chain to insist on and effectively guarantee adherence to specific standards. It is not always obvious who effectively controls a supply chain, and supply chain control can change. Currently consumers have more control over the supply chains that provide them with products and services than in the past. I feel this trend will continue. Then the issue becomes educating or convincing the consumers which ethical behaviours they require. This has shown itself in campaigns for fair trade grocery products, organic food, responsibly produced apparel, and even organic cotton. I would look forward to discussing this.
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As an example, the human trafficking phenomenon has been dismissed by a handful of researchers/critics in South Africa who claims that there is "little evidence to substantiate" that the issue is a widespread 'problem'. Rigorous, quantitative data is scarce as the South African government has been very slow to respond to the call for national-level, standardized and statistical data. Moreover, huge gaps in identifying cases by frontline law enforcement officials continue, whilst some cases are not reported (corruption) and others are subsumed under other crimes. In addition to the crime being a hidden crime, and victims not self-identifying, the aforementioned reasons are but some which underpin the lack of 'data' or 'evidence' (using the terms employed by skeptics).
On the flip side, a number of national studies (at least 7) have been done over the past 20+ years, all of which used a well-explicated methodology, and interviews with practitioners and experts (including perpetrators and victims of the crime) from which clear/vivid insights can be drawn. It does not provide a statistical/quantifiable scope of the problem, but surely suggest that the problem is systemic and inextricably linked to South Africa's multiple systems of violence, corruption, impunity, and structural inequalities. An increasing number of cases are currently being prosecuted in our courts, and more than 2000 cases have been reported to the police in a matter of 2 years (between 2015 and 2017). At least four unpublished doctoral studies in recent years provide similar insights and 'evidence' that are consistent and coherent with previous 'findings' that South Africa indeed does have a trafficking 'problem'.
So, what is 'evidence'? Some politicians frequently make reference to 'anecdotal evidence' when subtly dismissing the reality of the crime. Surely, when a clearly explicated methodology is followed and data is systematically collected which include first-hand lived experiences of practitioners and survivors of the crime, there exists empirical 'evidence'? Even more so when multiple studies confirm these findings? Practitioners whom I've interviewed (police, prosecutors, magistrates, social workers, survivors, and convicted traffickers) find the 'little evidence to substantiate' claims by a handful of researchers quite bizarre...
Any insights will be much appreciated!
Marcel
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Dear Marcel,
Sorry, am responding rather late. Colleagues who offered some thoughts on the question you posed have touched on the issues I think are pertinent to the debate. I agree and stress that qualitative and quantitative methodologies are more complementary rather than contradictory. This is also true when one considers the meaning of evidence as a socio-legal term. Evidence literally means any matter of fact that is presented to prove or disprove a case.
Social sciences researchers use 3 or more types of evidence to prove or disprove the existence of a social problem. The first type of social science evidence is anecdotal evidence. This is basically the citation of one or two related or unrelated cases, reported in the media.
To strengthen anecdotal evidence we need a reasonable number of experiential or lived experience. In the human trafficking research, this will mean, for example, the number of victims identified and interviewed. The number of victims needed to establish strong evidence is not known. This is where guidance is needed from government agencies and where the Second type of social science evidence - statistical evidence comes in. The number of arrests, prosecution and convictions on human trafficking is increasing yet some still do not consider the crime a threat to the South African society.
The third type of social science evidence is testimonial or the writing of experts on the subject of concern. In research terms, this is the citation of articles in accredited/peer reviewed journals.
Human trafficking research fulfills the 3 types of evidence briefly discussed.
While evidence presented by human trafficking researchers to prove the prevalence of human trafficking crime in South Africa are often criticized or dismissed as anecdotal, critiques have not been able to provide counter evidence to disprove it.
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where to find data of corruption types such as Corruption in judiciary, Business corruption, Political corruption ,Corruption in government?
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You can try Eurobarometer surveys on corruption. The reports provide detailed tables but you can request micro-data as well in certain situations. https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm
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network has been widely used to achieve some complex programs. however, the dark side of networks has not been fully explored. we can see  that network can be a useful tool to control corruption ,while network itself can be a source of corruption. so anyone can recommend me some related works?
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Here is an emprical test of the substitution effect of bribery and corruption in Bulgaira.
he findings suggest that bribery is used primarily when companies are engaged in hidden economic activities and circumvention of the law, while networks turn out to be the only significant variable when firms attempt to influence new legislation or acquire public procurement contracts.
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After installing the latest update of Gromacs i.e. 2020 beta2 version, a MDrun of a peptide sequence of 86 residue was initialised. The run was successfully completed.
While analysing the protein a few successive error were acknowledged.
1) After I entered the command for the dssp secondary structure calculation a message appeared which refers to a segmentation error. Not basically an error but a non-compiling argument.
Command:
gmx do_dssp -f md_0_1.xtc -s md_0_1.tpr -o secondary-structure.xpm -sc secondary-structure.xvg -dt 10
Output: Segmentation Fault (core dumped)
2) And while entering the command for energy calculations. A fatal error occured i.e.
Command:
gmx energy -f md_0_1.edr
Fatal Error:
"Energy header magic number mismatch, this is not a GROMACS edr file
If you want to use the correct frames before the corrupted frame and avoid
this fatal error set the env.var. GMX_ENX_NO_FATAL"
All these command works efficiently for the previous versions but not for the 2020 beta2.
The outputs are attached, any advice would be really appreciated.
Thank you
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Sagar Batra, did you find the solution for DSSP? I am getting the same error message. Could you please tell how did you fix it?
Any help will really be appreciated.
Thanks.
Sadaf
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In exploring the role of civil society organizations in the fights against corruption (public and private, grand and petty) I could not find a comprehensive theoretical framework that can be appropriate for a qualitative study.
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I had a quick look at Dr Nirmala S.V.S.G's link to 'Anti-Corruption Approaches:
A Literature Review' and am not sure if I have duplicated anything, as it is a long and information packed document, but wondered if there was anything here also:
Matei, A. I., & Matei, L. (2011). Assessing the anti-corruption strategies: theoretical and empirical models. Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(1), 23-40.
Lavena, C. F. (2013). What determines permissiveness toward corruption? A study of attitudes in Latin America. Public Integrity, 15(4), 345-366.
Shah, A., & Huther, J. (1999). Anti-corruption policies and programs: a framework for evaluation. The World Bank.
Polner, M., & Ireland, R. (2010). Overview of literature on corruption. World Customs Organizations, Research Paper, (7).
Very best wishes,
Mary
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state the effects
empirical framework
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Corruption affects us all. It threatens sustainable economic development, ethical values and justice; it destabilises our society and endangers the rule of law. ... Delays in infrastructure development, poor building quality and layers of additional costs are all consequences of corruption.
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Just recently Transparency International released its Corruption Perception index. The index used scoring from multiple sources. In case of Pakistan it takes 8 different sources and the avg. score in 2019 is 32.04 with SD 2.46 while in 2018 the avg. score was 33 with SD 2.06.
The change in average overall score from 2018 to 2019 is 1.00. But suppose that the change of scoring of individual 8 sources varies with an average of 0.83 and SD is 6.87.
Is this change (2018 to 2019 is 1.00) significant when change in 8 individual sources has a SD 6.87???
In this case, are the individual 8 sources consistent?
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Surveys on corruption are based on perceptions. At each time, there are a set of circumstances that may inform significant changes in perception. They vary from time to time
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Is a top-down approach (government approach) more effective in the fight against corruption or is it better to engage in social initiatives and involve civil society organizations in exerting external control on government activities?
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Several mechanisms help to encounter corruption and make it up normal practice in developing countries , including : Civil society and the media can help by denouncing corruption and putting pressure on the government.
The private sector can also make an important contribution to the fight against corruption, by policing its own codes of conduct and sticking to high standards of governance. International and regional organisations can also help, as can bilateral aid agencies, via programmes to strengthen institutional capacity, and of course by ensuring the transparency of the projects they suppthe problem of corruption in the developing countries cannot be solved simply by applying anti-corruption structures that work in OECD countries. The experience the latter countries have acquired in terms of legislation, public procurement codes and control procedures, for example, is valuable, but it is just a technical element in a much more complex process of change. A reduction in corruption depends on economic development. It is thus for each country concerned to draw up its own strategy, by which it can then lead to a virtuous circle of development and good governance .
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I am organising a database of ACAs around the world who have the power to conduct public hearings as part of their corruption investigation. I am aware most Australian ACAs have such powers but is Australia an isolated case or same can be found elsewhere?
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