Corporate Governance - Science topic

Thank you, Rob Keller. This is beyond call of duty. The individual is claiming dual profile - one in finance and the other in biology. He also indicates Israel as home of Addis Ababa University which clearly is in Ethiopia.

I will reach out to the RG team. You seem to have a frustrating experience with them in terms of delivery. I don't know what other channels there are to resolve this.

The paper on corporate governance and board effectiveness if very highly cited but never showed up in my RG profile. A couple of days ago I did add this to my profile but it is showing up with zero citation. I thought the entire citations will be displayed.

Good day.

Best,

Lemma

ESG credibility significantly impacts credit risk by influencing financial stability. Strong ESG practices reduce risks (e.g., regulatory penalties, reputational harm) and lower borrowing costs through enhanced investor trust. In the past, I have seen some environmentally hazardous materials being discharged into rivers and seas. I think this is still a practice in some developing countries where investors take advantage of high unemployment rates and bribe the local city administrators.

Yes, ESG rating and ESG score can significantly influence the rating of a company. In the modern business and financial environment, environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors are increasingly recognized as key indicators of business sustainability and long-term risk management. A high ESG rating is often associated with better management of non-financial risks, greater organizational resilience and reduced operational and reputational risks, which has a positive effect on creditworthiness assessments and the company's investment attractiveness. On the other hand, a low ESG rating may indicate a company's exposure to regulatory, legal, environmental or social risks, which may increase the perception of uncertainty among investors and rating agencies and lead to a reduction in credit and market ratings. Therefore, the ESG rating and score are important tools in assessing the company's overall risk profile and can directly or indirectly affect its market and credit ratings, and thus the cost of capital, access to financial markets and long-term competitiveness.

Enterprise Governance refers to the overall governance framework of an organization, covering all its aspects, such as strategic direction, risk management, performance, and compliance. It ensures alignment with organizational goals and involves a broad set of stakeholders, including employees, customers, and business partners. It applies to the entire organization, including its subsidiaries and operations.

Corporate Governance is more focused on the governance of the corporation itself, specifically addressing the relationship between the board of directors, management, shareholders, and other stakeholders. It primarily deals with ensuring accountability, transparency, and proper oversight of the company's activities, often involving regulatory and legal compliance.

Enterprise governance has a broader scope, managing risk, performance, and resources across the whole organization, while corporate governance focuses on the legal and financial oversight at the corporate level. The latter primarily ensures that the company adheres to laws and best practices in managing shareholder interests.

In essence, enterprise governance is holistic, encompassing various organizational functions, while corporate governance is more specific, focusing on the management of the company’s structure, financial integrity, and compliance.

Dear Md. Masudul Islam Khan

SCIREA, I would say avoid, see for example https://www.researchgate.net/post/Does_SCIREA_Journal_of_Education_exist and https://www.researchgate.net/post/Identification-about-the-Journal

BOHR, is a new publisher. I see:

-Their indexing info does not mention misleading metrics (), which is a good sign

-First impression is that their editorial board looks legit https://journals.bohrpub.com/index.php/bijbecg/about/editorialTeam

-For now, they don’t charge an APC https://journals.bohrpub.com/index.php/bijbecg/article_charges this does not sound as predatory. It is unfortunately unclear how they finance their operation https://www.bohrpub.com/about

-Papers are edited quite professionally and have a legit DOI assigned

If indexing in Scopus and/or Clarivate’s indexes is not crucial, then you might give it a try.

-Indexing info https://ijsser.com/index.php/ijsser/IndexingAbstracting looks pretty safe

-Especially their DOAJ indexing is comforting https://doaj.org/toc/2706-9346?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222706-9346%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D

-Their editorial team (normally called board) looks legit https://ijsser.com/ijsser/about/editorialTeam

-It looks like one of their (the publisher ICR Publications) journals is Scopus indexed https://www.immi.se/intercultural/ Although a bit strange that Scopus mention Taylor & Francis as publisher (which is most likely a software error since Taylor&Francis have a similar title with research at the end)

All together I think this is a reasonably safe choice.

Best regards.

Yes,

The Uk Corporate Governance Code or

the FRCs guide.

One such method is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) index. This index quantifies CSR by providing a granular perspective with clear justification for methods, which is more applicable to academic research in comparison with the CSR indices published by private companies.

Another method is the Corporate Social Responsibility Scale, which was developed to measure CSR in the hospitality industry. This scale includes indicators based on a literature review and qualitative research and has been validated through first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis.

No, it does not.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a legitimate responsibility to society that goes beyond the legal, ethical, and financial obligations that create profits, based on the principle that corporations should share some of the benefit that accrues from the control of vast resources.

Social market economies are characterized by a combination of free-market capitalism and social welfare policies. In these economies, the government plays an active role in regulating the market and providing social services to citizens.

Chắc chắn, đây là một số nguồn dữ liệu ESG miễn phí mà bạn có thể sử dụng cho nghiên cứu của mình:

Cơ sở dữ liệu ESG: Có sẵn một số cơ sở dữ liệu ESG miễn phí, chẳng hạn như Trung tâm dữ liệu ESG, cung cấp quyền truy cập vào nhiều loại dữ liệu ESG từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau, bao gồm báo cáo của công ty, tổ chức phi chính phủ và cơ quan chính phủ. Một lựa chọn khác là Cơ sở dữ liệu xếp hạng ESG, cung cấp quyền truy cập miễn phí vào xếp hạng ESG cho hơn 4.000 công ty.

Báo cáo của công ty: Nhiều công ty xuất bản báo cáo phát triển bền vững bao gồm thông tin về hiệu quả hoạt động ESG của họ. Những báo cáo này có thể được tìm thấy trên trang web của công ty hoặc thông qua cơ sở dữ liệu như Sáng kiến Báo cáo Toàn cầu (GRI) hoặc Ủy ban Tiêu chuẩn Kế toán Bền vững (SASB).

Báo cáo của NGO: Các tổ chức phi chính phủ (NGO) thường xuất bản báo cáo về các vấn đề ESG, chẳng hạn như nhân quyền, tác động môi trường và thực tiễn lao động. Một số ví dụ về các tổ chức phi chính phủ công bố báo cáo ESG bao gồm Chiến dịch Nhân quyền, Quỹ Bảo vệ Môi trường và Oxfam.

Báo cáo của chính phủ: Chính phủ cũng công bố các báo cáo về các vấn đề ESG, như biến đổi khí hậu, bảo vệ môi trường và luật lao động. Những báo cáo này có thể được tìm thấy trên các trang web của chính phủ hoặc thông qua các cơ sở dữ liệu như Mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững của Liên hợp quốc (SDGs) hoặc nền tảng dữ liệu ESG của Ngân hàng Thế giới.

Nghiên cứu học thuật: Ngày càng có nhiều nghiên cứu học thuật về các vấn đề ESG, có thể cung cấp những hiểu biết có giá trị về tác động của các yếu tố ESG đến hiệu quả kinh doanh. Nhiều tạp chí học thuật và tài liệu nghiên cứu có sẵn trực tuyến miễn phí hoặc thông qua các thư viện đại học.

Nền tảng trực tuyến: Có một số nền tảng trực tuyến cung cấp quyền truy cập miễn phí vào dữ liệu ESG, chẳng hạn như ESG Hub, nơi cung cấp nhiều loại dữ liệu và công cụ ESG cho các nhà đầu tư và doanh nghiệp. Một lựa chọn khác là Nền tảng bền vững, cung cấp quyền truy cập vào nhiều dữ liệu và tài nguyên bền vững.

Phương tiện truyền thông xã hội: Các nền tảng truyền thông xã hội cũng có thể là nguồn dữ liệu ESG có giá trị vì nhiều công ty và tổ chức chia sẻ thông tin về các sáng kiến và hiệu quả hoạt động bền vững của họ trên các kênh truyền thông xã hội của họ.

Điều đáng lưu ý là mặc dù các nguồn này có thể cung cấp thông tin chi tiết có giá trị về các vấn đề ESG nhưng chúng có thể không toàn diện hoặc chi tiết như dữ liệu có sẵn thông qua các dịch vụ đăng ký trả phí như Refinitiv hoặc Bloom.

Integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into corporate strategy has a profound impact on sustainability performance. By considering ESG factors, companies align their operations with ethical, environmental, and social values, fostering long-term viability. Environmentally, adherence to sustainable practices reduces a firm's ecological footprint, mitigating environmental risks. Socially, companies embracing fair labor practices and diversity contribute positively to their reputation and stakeholder relations. Governance practices ensure transparent decision-making and ethical conduct, enhancing trust. Investors increasingly value ESG-conscious companies, attracting capital and fostering financial resilience. Overall, incorporating ESG criteria bolsters a company's resilience, reputation, and stakeholder relationships, positioning it for sustained success in a business landscape increasingly focused on responsible and sustainable practices.

Bester Chimburi Yes, there is a link between corporate governance and organizational learning. Effective corporate governance practices can support and promote organizational learning by creating an environment that encourages transparency, accountability, and risk management. Strong governance structures can foster a culture of continuous improvement, knowledge sharing, and innovation within the organization, leading to enhanced learning capabilities and adaptive responses to change. Conversely, organizational learning can also influence corporate governance by promoting a culture of ethical behavior, informed decision-making, and strategic alignment with long-term goals.

Hi,

Blockchain and Triple Entry Accounting are the most emerging topics in the field of Accounting and Finance. Both of them have the potential to cater to the requirements of governance, security and trust etc. There is room for research in these topics.

Thanks.

To check for a good research topic, I suggest you do the following:

1. Choose a number of peer-reviewed research papers related to your intended research, from Google Scholar, RG, SSRN or similar credible websites, not from non-credible sources.

2. Read these research papers and check for the research gaps from within such research. You may find these gaps under the subtitle: Future Research or similar subtitles.

3. Ensure that such gaps are not already covered by recent research. That is, for the gap that you want to cover, read to the last current research in this regard to make sure that no other author(s) already conducted such research.

4. Then, go ahead and start preparing for your research, preferably using the Literature Review Matrix where you put a table showing authors, title, objectives, research question(s), problem statement, variables, methodologies used, findings, etc. for each research paper selected. By the way, you may want to keep such relevant research papers to use them as references in your research.

ESG factors significantly impact financial decisions by mitigating risks associated with environmental and social issues, enhancing returns through innovation and market opportunities, attracting investors who prioritize ethical investments, ensuring regulatory compliance, bolstering reputation and brand value among consumers, promoting long-term business sustainability, and facilitating access to capital through lower financing costs and green financing options. As a result, businesses and investors alike are increasingly integrating ESG considerations into their strategies, recognizing the multifaceted benefits of aligning financial decisions with sustainable and responsible practices.

Robyn Goldstein I appreciate your response greatly. Currently, I am immersed in a research project entitled "Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors and Firm Value: A Systematic Literature Review of Theories and Empirical Evidence". In this paper review, I have analyzed 75 academic papers, unearthing 35 distinct theories that are instrumental in shaping the narrative of ESG factors’ impact on firm value.

My objective is to categorize these theories meticulously. To achieve a more nuanced understanding, I am focusing on delineating them into specific categories: Economic and Corporate Governance Theories, and Sociology and Psychology Theories.

Selecting the right tool (e.g., NVivo software or others) depends on the objectives of your study. However, for financial statement analysis, you may use horizontal, vertical, and/or ratio analysis, among others.

The following paper could help you out in this regard:

Corporate governance and voluntary disclosures in annual reports: a post-International Financial Reporting Standard adoption evidence from an emerging …‏

RN Boateng, V Tawiah, G Tackie - International Journal of Accounting …, 2022‏ - emerald.com‏

Corporate Governance is relative. It is highly accentuated but still we keep seeing company failures. I.e. the recent bank failures in US. Silicon Valley Bank went bankrupt due to investing their cash in low return US bonds. When interest rates rose, the value of those bonds in the secondary market was not enough to pay the deposits of scares deposit customers who wanted to withdraw their money from the bank. That means, internal control was weak. The bank management did not act in time, they put all the cash in one bowl-asset concentartion. I.e. if they had diversified in their investments, they would not have failed. Many developing countries pay 6-7% interest rates on their Eurobonds.

Corporate governance can be measured in two ways using the equilibrium variable model and the compliance index model. There is no one scale to measure corporate governance. You can refer

Black, B.S., De Carvalho, A.G. and Gorga, É., 2012. What matters and for which firms for corporate governance in emerging markets? Evidence from Brazil (and other BRIK countries). Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(4), pp.934-952.

Wasdani, K. P., Vijaygopal, A., Manimala, M. J., & Verghese, A. K. (2021). Impact of corporate governance on organisational performance of Indian firms. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 14(2), 180-208.

You can construct a scale according to your country's corporate governance code.

Klapper, L. F., & Love, I. (2004). Corporate governance, investor protection, and performance in emerging markets. Journal of corporate Finance, 10(5), 703-728.

regarding the comment made at 45:40, if you speak of "avoiding unintented consequences", then you show that you have NO IDEA what unintended consequences are...

How corporate governance affect the listed company financial performance

Corporate governance refers to the systems, processes, and structures through which a company is directed and controlled. Effective corporate governance is essential for the sustainable success of a listed company, as it can impact the company's financial performance in several ways:

Improved transparency and accountability: Good corporate governance practices can increase transparency and accountability, making it easier for investors and stakeholders to understand the company's operations and financial position. This can lead to increased investor confidence and better access to capital markets, ultimately contributing to improved financial performance.

Better risk management: Effective corporate governance can also help companies identify and manage risks more effectively. This includes implementing internal controls, establishing risk management frameworks, and ensuring that decision-making processes are transparent and well-informed. By managing risks more effectively, companies can minimize losses and protect their financial performance.

Enhanced strategic decision-making: Corporate governance structures can also promote effective strategic decision-making. A well-functioning board of directors, for example, can provide valuable guidance and oversight, ensuring that decisions are aligned with the company's long-term goals and interests. This can lead to improved financial performance over the long term.

Improved stakeholder relationships: Finally, good corporate governance can help companies build positive relationships with stakeholders, including customers, employees, suppliers, and the wider community. By prioritizing the interests of all stakeholders, companies can enhance their reputation and increase customer loyalty, ultimately contributing to improved financial performance.

In summary, effective corporate governance is essential for the sustainable success of a listed company. By promoting transparency, accountability, risk management, strategic decision-making, and stakeholder relationships, good corporate governance practices can contribute to improved financial performance over the long term.

Dear Ruisi Xu

Please see the attached Paper found in web openly accessable

Corporate governance can have a significant impact on the financial performance of listed companies, including those in the tourism industry. The following are some key points to consider:

Regarding the impact of corporate governance on listed tourist companies' financial performance in China, here are some resources that may be helpful:

These studies provide insights into the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of listed companies in China, including those in the tourism industry.

I search the US data from Thomson Reuters Datastream and companies’ annual reports.

Yes, corporate governance control mechanisms can have a direct impact on a firm's financial performance and value. Effective corporate governance can enhance a company's competitiveness and increase its ability to attract investment, while poor governance can lead to a decline in financial performance and a decrease in the company's overall value.

Corporate governance control mechanisms, such as the composition and independence of the board of directors, the level of transparency and accountability, the existence of risk management policies and procedures, and the alignment of executive compensation with company performance, can help to ensure that a company operates efficiently, effectively, and ethically.

When these mechanisms are well-designed and effectively implemented, they can help to mitigate risks, enhance decision-making processes, and ensure that the company is being managed in the best interests of all stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, and customers.

On the other hand, when these mechanisms are poorly designed or implemented, they can lead to a lack of transparency, conflicts of interest, and an increased likelihood of fraud or other unethical behavior. This can erode investor confidence, damage a company's reputation, and ultimately lead to a decline in financial performance and value.

In summary, effective corporate governance control mechanisms are essential for ensuring the long-term success and sustainability of a company, and can have a direct impact on financial performance and value.

There have been numerous studies examining the relationship between earnings management and corporate governance. Earnings management is the process by which managers manipulate financial statements to meet or exceed certain financial targets or to present a certain image of the company's performance. Corporate governance, on the other hand, refers to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled.

Some studies have found that firms with weaker corporate governance are more likely to engage in earnings management. For example, a study by Beasley et al. (2000) found that firms with weaker board independence and less effective audit committees were more likely to engage in earnings management.

Other studies have found that certain corporate governance mechanisms can help mitigate the likelihood of earnings management. For example, a study by Dechow et al. (2010) found that firms with more independent boards and stronger audit committees were less likely to engage in earnings management.

Overall, the relationship between earnings management and corporate governance is complex and varies depending on a variety of factors. However, it is generally agreed upon that strong corporate governance can help prevent or reduce the likelihood of earnings management.

I am Ph.D. Scholar from Minhaj University Lahore and my field is Management Sciences. If anyone wants to collaborate then send me a message.

1. Corporate Governance: An International Review

2. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society

3. International Journal of Corporate Governance

I have a number of research papers published as regards corporate governance (CG) and bank performance; you may want to check them out.

In addition, I list hereunder a recently published paper about CG and banking risk which may help you in this regard:

Analyzing banking risk: a framework for assessing corporate governance and risk management

H Greuning, S Brajovic-Bratanovic - 2022 - policycommons.net

Look into DAOs or decentralized autonomous organizations

see also https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/blockchain-corporate-governance/release/1

Thank you for your answer Dr. Muhammad Yousaf

In short, only healthy things grow. A sick plant, unless given timely care, will perish - sooner or later.

Noted with thanks dear Olivier Serrat ....

dividend policy in this stable payout

What do you mean by allocate? Any way you have to look to the paper of Christopher Baum about GMM on STATA, it's a really good guide.

Yes, I'm interested

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjayZPog5b3AhWORmwGHVdNC9cQFnoECDkQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgi.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fpolicy%2Fwhat-is-corporate-governance&usg=AOvVaw0aPnYRWBNzZZmP5SJfcRgZ ( Corporate Governance ).

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjL6svDhJb3AhWGSWwGHfgzDDgQFnoECEAQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.pub%2Fitem%2Frevision%2F998d542f6eb8444d71986060dcde4f7a&usg=AOvVaw1xiQ7kr_kGdxHTxbB8eE_k( Corporate Social Responsibility ).

I would like to suggest one more word in your topic number 4. the impact of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSR) disclosure on financial performance. Hope it helps.

The subject of governance is very important in all fields and I am interested in this subject.

You don't need to look for any journals.

All you need to do is narrow your search to topics listed in "special issues" and "call for papers". Top publishers e.g. elsevier, wiley, T&F, Emerald, etc., often advertise call for papers and special issues of journals. The topics in the special issue or call for paper can give you some hint on current and future research trends. I think this is the standard practice in academia.

I hope this advice helps.

In 2014, I published a paper titled "Review of Corporate Governance Bundle" among other papers I published in this regard. You may want to check them out through Google Scholar or here through RG.

The above-mentioned paper reviews the literature as regards the evolution, development, application, and potential future use of this bundle, together with relevant critiques.

Great question Lazreug Imane , you already have these two concepts you want to look at. Now you need to add in which field/area. Are you look at corporate governance and administrative creativity in finance that is "banks", or in the business sector by looking at "companies" such as hightech firms? Once you are clear on this then it is easy to create a title around what you want to study/investigate.

You may also try below links and good luck.

https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185911

This guide will give you a better context to understand the language of startups, venture capitalists, angel investors, and incubators.

If you wish to pursue a career in Venture Capital or in any startup, knowledge of these commonly used VC terms may be beneficial: https://in.prosple.com/resources/common-venture-capital-terms?utm_medium=social&utm_source=researchgate

Corporate governance variables can be in primary nature or secondary nature. Data of primary nature variables are available on the survey time but secondary nature variables (based on the time series data) can be based on long span i.e. 10, 15, 20 years data.

Hot foods ordered have to travel quite some distances, and often take quite some time, especially during evenings, when there could well be huge and long traffic queues, which add delays in delivery. The foods should arrive hot enough to go from the delivery door to a plate on the table. The wrappings should take into account delayed deliveries... so what is your solution?

I agree with Zahra Lashgari and suggest to read few good papers in the area of corporate governance and how the variables were idetified and defined as dependant or independent.

Check https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/0f52ae26-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/0f52ae26-en

Corporate governance is the combination of rules, processes or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated or controlled. The term encompasses the internal and external factors that affect the interests of a company's stakeholders, including shareholders, customers, suppliers, government regulators and management.

Have you checked this review paper

There have already been done studies with the same methodology you are planing:

https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/536410876068.pdf?expires=1629230969&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=6AD08D15595F4E73CEAFD00D5C043FEF

Corporate governance has become a subject of active academic and policy debate throughout the world. In the UK and US, there is much discussion of the deficiencies of the market system in delivering effective governance. In continental Europe, there is a concern that existing systems of governance are stifling innovation and growth. In Eastern Europe, privatisation has given way to questions about the way in which private enterprises should be governed. China is experimenting with forms of corporate governance which attempt to blend some of the features of market systems with state ownership of enterprises. 2. Despite the intense debate, evidence on the effects of different governance systems is still sparse. Corporate governance has become a subject on which opinion has drowned fact. The purpose of this paper is to review what is known about the influence of corporate governance on corporate performance and competitiveness. 3. Policy formulation would be most readily assisted by evidence on the direct relation between governance and competitiveness. The equivalent of a reduced form relation which identifies the effect of changing governance on performance is what is generally regarded as the bottom line of the governance debate. However, such a relation is extremely difficult to uncover. The range of factors which bear on cross-firm or cross-country variations in performance is considerable. This does not stop many from equating differences in economic performance between, for example, Germany and the UK to their different forms of corporate governance. Indeed, the origins of the long-standing debate on governance can be attributed to associations of this sort. 4. What is more productive than trying to provide a "macro" answer is to consider the way in which governance can bear on performance. There are probably five areas in which such a relation can exist - incentives, disciplining, restructuring, finance and investment, and commitment and trust. This paper will consider the evidence on the influence of corporate governance on each of these in turn. It will draw on the academic literature available on corporate governance systems in several different countries. 5. A particular focus with which this analysis is concerned is the interaction between competition, governance and performance. The interaction is important for several reasons. Firstly, the effectiveness of different types of governance systems may be influenced by the degree of product market competition. As will be discussed below, some governance systems create high degrees of concentration of ownership and control. Competition between both existing firms in the market and potential new entrants may be seriously constrained by the way in which companies are owned and controlled.

Numerous studies in the past have linked corporate governance with sustainability. A study by Kocmanová, A., Hřebíček, J., & Dočekalová, M. (2011). CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY. Economics & Management, 16.

Aras, G., & Crowther, D. (2008). Governance and sustainability: An investigation into the relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability. Management Decision.

Michelon, G., & Parbonetti, A. (2012). The effect of corporate governance on sustainability disclosure. Journal of management & governance, 16(3), 477-509.

Mang’unyi, E. E., & Kitonga, D. M. Corporate governance and sustainability of the banking sector in Kenya: the perceived effect of fairness and responsibility. JOURNAL OF BANKING, INSURANCE AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (JBIMS), 69.

Signori, S., San-Jose, L., Retolaza, J. L., & Rusconi, G. (2021). Stakeholder Value Creation: Comparing ESG and Value Added in European Companies. Sustainability, 13(3), 1392.

Hope this would work for you.

Very good initiative. Congratulations.

External governance mechanisms are those involving the market for corporate control, the regulatory environment, product market competition, external auditors, adoption of governance codes, and cross-listings in stock exchanges.

Dear Issam El Idrissi ,

Thank you so much for your help and message, I will consider your guidance and flow Roadman's (2009) instructions.

Okay. Let me explain. Since the purpose of corporate governance is about doing the right things, then the relationship between corporate governances and CSR disclosures should be the key areas to focus on, especially with regard to ownership structures as essential elements of corporate governance.

Specific example: Ownership Structures

Ethics, responsibility, sustainability and technology are the popular themes.

Hello Kusun,

An interesting topic is the association between the firm-level innovativeness and dividend policy of the firm. The key argument is that when the board of directors choose to set the firm on growth path by spending more financial resources on innovative activities, they may reduce their dividend payouts in the process.

Hello Alex, Prowess database is the best!! I used this database for my PhD thesis too.

i will update you shorlty

The impact of board of directors' characteristics (age, gender, qualifications, experience etc.) on CSR spending can be a good topic. You may consider to take control variables such as firm-size and also include industry effect .....

Refer to the link below for

Key CSR performance indicators

Samia Belaounia If you have at school, exploit its potential. There are a lot of information there you can use. Download the data, esp corporate data on shareholder information which is available on a world-wide basis in the bloomberg format. It wont cost you anything if the school has it.

I agree with your statement. Also the agency problem will increase, because I assume that earnings management will increase due to pandemic. And as we know there is a direct relationship between earnings management, information asymmetry and agency problem.

The purpose of a moderating variable is to check if that factor (variable) influence or drive the relationship between the dependent and independent variable. So the hypothesis should reflect that

E.g. W significantly change or moderate the relationship between I and F or

The relationship between I and F is stronger (weaker) when there is W (this is good if W is a dummy variable of 0 and 1)

Hope this helps. ALL THE BEST

Thank you Kheepe Lawrence Moremi sir

Information asymmetry can come under many topics in finance - Agency, bank loans and insurance. Information - lack, misinformation or uneven availability of information is the basis of many finance theories. Disclosure is an important topic for market efficiency. A market can only be efficient if availability of information is available to all and the onus is on disclosure. Non-disclosure can lead to insider trading and market abuses.

You have so many independent variables - 13 of them. You will run into problems with multicollinearity and specification of the model. Suggest you do a principal component analysis or factor analysis as suggested earlier and use a cross section regression to do the analysis. The tests will be the normal, F-test, t-test and DW.

I expect it will be a stream of inter-disciplinary research. Browse the thematical collections of free papers on corporate governance at our web-site https://www.virtusinterpress.org/A-set-of-updated-thematic-paper-collections-from-Virtus-Interpress.html to find more than 30 collections of more than 1200 free papers.

Browse the thematical collections of free papers on corporate governance at our web-site https://www.virtusinterpress.org/A-set-of-updated-thematic-paper-collections-from-Virtus-Interpress.html to find the papers matching your request.

Browse the thematical collections of free papers on corporate governance at our web-site https://www.virtusinterpress.org/A-set-of-updated-thematic-paper-collections-from-Virtus-Interpress.html to find the papers matching your request.

Browse the thematical collections of free papers on corporate governance at our web-site https://www.virtusinterpress.org/A-set-of-updated-thematic-paper-collections-from-Virtus-Interpress.html to find the papers matching your request.

Governance in most societies is formalism

No Not to my knowledge. It is a derived relationship.

Not to my knowledge.

Thanks a lot Dayana

Asma first you have to define what is the meaning of adjustment speed based on prior scholars and you have to add on your novelty into that operational definition of adjustment speed.

Then you have to define what is the target capital structure - is it optimal capital structure? Or is it that you want to have more equity or you prefer to have more debt in the capital structure ? You can refer to prior scholars on this and from there you will be able to identify the gap and come up with your own novelty

Then you have to define the corporate governance variable as well. Is that having the same person holding the post of Chairman and CEO will reduce the capability of organisations to obtain an optimal capital structure?

So within corporate governance there are many variable that you can explore to measure the impact on the target capital structure.

Good luck!

That's good and up-to-date Directive for the EU. However, not many countries will go beyond the minimum, primarily the EU-15 member states will do. Agree with Maryam.