Science topic

Coronavirus - Science topic

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of vertebrates.
Questions related to Coronavirus
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Hi frds,
given the different lung volumes, would like to learn if gender has an impact on the diagnosis of impaired gas exchange in lungs for the age bracket 0-64 years?
Cherish your feedback.
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Thank you Preetam for your input.
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Has the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic caused a reduction or increase in remote online communication, business cooperation, co-operation, clustering, etc. between companies, businesses, between business entities, financial institutions, public institutions, local government, non-governmental organisations and other entities?
In the sectors of manufacturing companies, financial institutions, online technology companies, online shops, etc., which experienced strong sales increases during the pandemic, the scale of business cooperation between business entities may have increased significantly. In contrast, in service sectors subject to lockdowns, forced reduction or real temporary cessation of business activities, sectors in lockdown-induced crisis and recession, the scale of development of business cooperation between economic operators may have decreased significantly. During the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, lockdowns imposed on selected service and commercial sectors of the economy were introduced in some countries, triggering an economic recession in mid-2020. In addition to this, international supply and procurement logistics chains were disrupted which further reduced the ability to produce certain types of goods and exacerbated the economic crisis. As a result, some operators decided to carry out recovery programmes and to increase the scale of their business using the Internet, including providing their services, offering products via the Internet, selling their product and service offerings online, improving e-logistics and remote Internet communication. Therefore, as a result of the downturn in the economy, the decline in economic activity, the scale of business cooperation in many businesses may have decreased. However, on the other hand, the scale of business and other cooperation conducted through remote Internet communication, the development of e-logistics, online payments and settlements, etc. may have increased.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Has the pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Covid-19) caused a decrease or increase in the scale of remote Internet communication, business cooperation, co-operation, clustering, etc. between companies, enterprises, between business entities, financial institutions, public institutions, local governments, non-governmental and other entities?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What do you think about this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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To some extent, yes. Especially during stocking and selling of essential goods.
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This RG open question is linked to the previous about the dramatic evolution (partly unexplainable) of COVID19 in Northern Italy during wave 1.
The previous RG open question is reported below🔴 and resulted in a completely alternative model for the evolution🟨 of SARS-CoV/2 from pre-pandemic phase to pandemic phase.
In this specific RG question, the intention is to create an open discussion on the possible emergence of a violent outbreak of avian flu or similar in central Europe.
This concern arises from a qualitative model that links three events which in the past have always characterized the violent explosion of a bird flu or similar.
---Coronavirus Epidemic/Pandemic;
---Conflict/War partly out of control;
---Pandemic avian flu or similar.
The ABSTRACT of the model can be consulted directly here.. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/46_fig2_367046404
This RG open question will serve to accumulate data both for and against this dire possibility.
Thanks to all the participants.
|--sv--|
🔴The novel Coronavirus in N. Italy, Lombardia 【 COVID19 / 2019nCoV / SARSCoV2 】 shows a fatality rate compatible with SARS-MERS. Why?? MAR.2020. -- https://www.researchgate.net/post/The-novel-Coronavirus-in-N-Italy-Lombardia-COVID19-2019nCoV-SARSCoV2-shows-a-fatality-rate-compatible-with-SARS-MERS-Why
🟨Link between the start of pandemic SARS-CoV/2 (COVID19) and the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan (Hubei: China): the furin cleavage site of spike protein. FEB.2022. -- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358443761
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ANALYZING REPLICATION, TRANSMISSION, AND PATHOGENESIS OF SARS-COV-2 AND ITS RELATION TO AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS (IBV)
Dhama et al. (2020) point out that “further research should be directed toward the study of SARS-CoV-2 in suitable animal models for analyzing replication, transmission, and pathogenesis.” In this way, they undertake highly focused research on the following key aspects:
Immuno-informatics approach can be used for the identification of epitopes for inclusion in COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Recently, immuno-informatics was used to identify significant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and B-cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The interactions between these epitopes and their corresponding MHC class I molecules were studied further by using molecular dynamics simulations and found that the CTL epitopes bind with MHC class I peptide-binding grooves via multiple contacts, thus indicating their potential for generating immune responses. Such epitopes may possess the ideal characteristics to become part of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. The nucleocapsid (N) protein as well as the potential B cell epitopes of the E protein of MERS-CoV has been suggested as probable immuno-protective targets that induce both T-cell and neutralizing antibody responses. Reverse genetic strategies have been successfully used in live-attenuated vaccines to inactivate the exonuclease effects of non-structural protein 14 (nsp14) or to delete the envelope protein in SARS. Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a chicken CoV. It was suggested that avian live virus IBV vaccine (strain H) might be useful for SARS given that protection provided by strain H is based on neutralizing antibody production as well as other immune responses. Hence, avian IBV vaccine may be considered another option for COVID-19 after evaluating its safety in monkeys.
Bibliographical reference
  • Dhama, K., Sharun, K., Tiwari, R., Dadar, M., Malik, Y. S., Singh, K. P., & Chaicumpa, W. (2020). COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 1-7. Retrieved from: (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103671/). [Accessed May 25, 2020].
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The production, processing, and import/export of food items has been reducing significantly, which may result in food security issues in future, if not managed now.
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If the country promotes the domestic farming system and they are not really to imports so defenitly No
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A large percent of of crude oil is consumed by transportation sector globally .
By referring to previous years statistics , more than 60 percent of worldwide oil consumption
belonged to transportation sector .
Corona virus pandemic mainly struck the travel and public transportation industry
in short term , that are part of transportation sector .
So the question may ensue the following questions :
- How many percent of oil consumption belonged to travel and public transportation industry ?
- How many percent the travel and public transportation industry is struck by pandemic in monetary term ?
- And how many percent of travel and public transportation industry costs is allocated to fuel (mostly crude oil products) consumption .
Can anyone introduce some references ?
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The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on crude oil consumption has been significant, particularly in the short term. Here are some insights and references to help answer your questions:
  1. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), transportation accounts for about 60% of global oil consumption. Of that, around 25% is used for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles, while the remaining 35% is used for heavy-duty vehicles, aviation, and marine transport.
  2. The travel and public transportation industry has been severely impacted by the pandemic, with significant declines in both passenger traffic and revenue. According to the World Bank, the global tourism industry is expected to contract by 70% in 2020 compared to the previous year. The aviation industry has also been hit hard, with a decline in passenger traffic of around 60% in 2020 compared to 2019.
  3. The share of travel and public transportation industry costs that is allocated to fuel consumption varies depending on the mode of transportation and the location. In general, however, fuel costs can represent a significant share of total operating costs. For example, in the United States, fuel costs can represent up to 30% of total operating costs for the trucking industry.
References:
  • International Energy Agency (IEA). "Global Oil Demand to Decline in 2020 as Coronavirus Weighs Heavily on Markets." April 2020.
  • World Bank. "COVID-19 to Plunge Global Economy into Worst Recession since World War II." June 2020.
  • International Air Transport Association (IATA). "COVID-19: Impact on the Airline Industry." March 2020.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). "Factors Affecting Gasoline Prices." May 2020.
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Hi frds,
any suggestions for solving the free rider problem?
Signalling method does not seem to work.
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One possible solution to the free rider problem in a bottom-up tit-for-tat structure with lethal biowarfare tool available to everyone would be to create a system of incentives and punishments. For example, those who contribute to the collective good can be rewarded with public recognition, access to resources, or other benefits. Those who do not contribute can be punished in various ways, such as being publicly shamed or excluded from the group. This system of incentives and punishments can be used to encourage people to contribute to the collective good and discourage them from taking advantage of the free rider problem.
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Hi frds,
Looking for a methodologically robust model, which shows the number of all cases due to confirmed test cases. The factors for multiplication seem to be arbitrary as daily tests are between 0.01%-0.1% of the entire population.
Is there a model with a wastewater multiplier?
Cherish your input.
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Hi frds,
Looking for a monthly updated database for cardiac, cerebrovascular, and multisystemic events. No success as of yet to find one in Europe.
It should correspond to the monthly data of the CDC Wonder database in the USA:
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There is no
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Hi frds,
seems the decision to wear a mask in a pandemic is a classic information asymmetry problem. What is your take? Is it a signaling (Akerlof) and/or a moral hazard problem?
Can the free market solve this failure? Free-riding algorithms are pursued by the majority of agents. What would an institutionalized equilibrium look like? After how many rounds may it be achieved?
Cherish your ideas.
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Although we appear to be entering the information age technically but not tech-know-logically in terms of human enlightenment, information economics is still in its infancy.
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Hi frds,
Looking for contagion models in epidemiology that embrace human nature (research indicates 10% of the population are ethical, so 90% freeriders spread it if the norm allows it).
Are there models available, that incorporate explicitly myopic moral hazard first-round behavior of agents, by performing self-destructive and aggressive algorithms (e.g. doubling mobility if sick)?
Are there any sorts of intertemporal pooling/separation equilibria?
Cherish your feedback.
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Many behaviroal have been found to spread interpersonally through social networks in manner to infectious disease.Novel theortical framwork to study these phenomena is SISa pain model e.g Obesity and framingham heart study network,more detailed in the attached ref.
https://www.nim.>pmc
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Hi frds,
Is there a study available in the aftermath of the "Spanish" flu, which sinus milieus and demographics of the society predominantly cooperated with the virus by actively pursuing spreading strategies?
May this inside/out code be one of the deep psychological roots of inhumane technological fascism in Europe afterwards?
Cherish your feedback.
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Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918_19 was caused by highly virulent Infuenza A subtype H1 N1 viruses that infected,more detailed in the attached ref.
Sciencedirect.comb/top.
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Hi frds,
would like to learn which leadership culture we need, given the novel inputs of a pandemic, scarcity, tight constraints, climate change, new geopolitical tensions, technological singularity, new demographic frontiers across many dimensions, and the perils of one-way ledger sharing. Looking for a sustainable leadership culture, system, and codes.
Is it possible to change people's codes given 20+ years of socialization process throughout the institutions with a social code inheritance of 170 years that does not embrace a regime change due to disruptive factors?
Are hunter ethics viable anymore?
Cherish your feedback.
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There has not been a single moment in the history of mankind where significant change has not occurred. In the earliest stages, natural events (droughts, rains, fire, eruptions...) made entire peoples change their customs and look for new settlements.
A couple of centuries ago the industrial revolution changed all the dominant paradigms and today technology is transforming the world.
What I want to say is that yes, of course, social codes can be changed, have been changed, and will continue to be changed. It is not something new. The pandemic that we experienced in 2019 had its predecessor in 19018 and the latter also had one.
Throughout history there has always been a trigger that drives changes, in some regions it is faster to observe them, in others it takes a little longer, but in the end, it arrives.
For example, in the 1980s almost no one had a cell phone, even in some societies, those who did not have one made fun of those who used those devices. Today it is practically impossible to live without them.
The question is not whether or not the code can be changed, we must ask ourselves how long it will take humanity to make the change and what will be next.
I hope this helps.
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Hi frds,
As Research shows, that Covid may cause permanent lung damage, fibrosis, etc., wondering at what point of destroyed lung volume (30%?, 40%?) it is not possible anymore to work the entire working day with a FFP2-Mask?
Where is the threshold?
-For physically working people
-For office people
Cherish your input.
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You can wear a mask as long as you wish, the issue is that because of the breathing work, you rapidly make leaks between the face skin and the mask. It is not the quality of the mark which is involved.
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How did the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic increase the level of digitization and Internetization of economic processes, increase the scale of remote communication carried out between business entities and public institutions, increase the level of digitization of the economy?
During the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, the government, with the aim of slowing the development of coronavirus transmission and increasing the period of preparation time of health system institutions for the development of the epidemic nationwide, introduced mandatory national quarantines imposed on the public and lockdowns imposed on selected, mainly service sectors of the economy. Companies and businesses on which lockdowns were imposed were not allowed to conduct business under standard conditions and could only provide their services remotely via the Internet during lockdown periods. This issue affected many companies operating, among others, in the sectors of tourist services, hotels, catering, gyms and fitness clubs, physical stores and shopping centers, cultural services provided by museums, galleries, philharmonics, theaters, operas, cinemas, etc. In addition to this, restrictions on the scope of services provided also applied to certain segments of transportation services, domestic and international air transportation, the public transportation system and many other services. The ability to move business operations and services provided to the Internet proved to be a viable option for many companies to survive the recession and economic crisis caused by the quarantines and lockdowns introduced in 2020. Since April 2020, sales of various products and services carried out via the Internet have increased rapidly. A significant number of citizens who, prior to the pandemic, did not make purchases via the Internet were suddenly forced to do so, as it were, by the pandemic situation and through government-imposed restrictions. In some product ranges, such as electronics, consumer electronics and household appliances, sales made via the Internet increased turnover several times during the pandemic. Consequently, in some product ranges, the pandemic not only changed customers' buying habits but also significantly increased the profits of stores that switched to online sales and manufacturers of certain types of products, for which demand increased significantly during the pandemic. During the pandemic, many companies, especially in the SME sector, increased the scale of digitization and Internetization of business processes. The government, as part of various anti-crisis, anti-decession measures, offered targeted subsidies to SME companies to increase the level of business digitization and adapt to the new realities of business development with greater use of the Internet. The result was an increase in the scale of digitization and Internetization of the economy. The scale of development of e-commerce, e-business, e-banking, online and mobile banking, e-logistics, e-learning, e-government, remote work, online payments and settlements, etc. has increased. I described the processes and key determinants of the increase in the scale of digitization and Internetization of the economy in articles of my co-authorship, which I posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal after publication:
For those who are interested in this issue, please read the issues, determinants, factors of growth in the scale of digitization and Internetization of the economy, which I have described in my articles. I am currently writing a monograph on this topic and invite researchers and scientists who consider this issue of interest to join me in scientific cooperation. I ask for your comments and suggestions on other determinants and factors of growth in the scale of digitization and Internetization of the economy, which have not been covered above. I also ask for your conclusions, results of reflections, considerations on the current and prospective effects of the progressive process of digitization and Internetization of the economy. Important questions that can inspire reflection on this issue are the following:
- To what extent can the increasing scale of digitization and Internetization of the economy go in the next few years, and what will be the consequences?
- What positive and negative effects can be distinguished from the continuation of the process of increasing the scale of digitization and Internetization of the economy in the coming years?
- How did the pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Covid-19) increase the level of digitization and Internetization of economic processes, increase the scale of remote communication carried out between business entities and public institutions, increase the level of digitization of the economy?
And what is your opinion about it?
What do you think about this topic?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Stephen I. Ternyik
"Disturbed social growth process", yes, and will be more of the case, reversing back I can envisage.
Fatema
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Hi frds,
As research proves the long-term damages of a Covid infection, I am seriously wondering why so few wear a mask deliberately in the Renaissance Societies?
Even as health authorities advise wearing a mask in indoor settings, very few do it. One-way ledger sharing is all over the place. Why?
Put up a Menti under the following link:
The voting code 8813 3081 is valid now and expires in 7 days.
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Stupidity. Boundless stupidity.
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What was the pandemic and post-pandemic impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic on globalisation processes?
Increase in the scale of international scientific cooperation on SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus research and analysis of Covid-19 disease development; use of analogous anti-pandemic security instruments; disrupted chains of international supply and supply logistics; analogous changes in trends in financial markets, including raw materials markets, other types of production factors and stock exchanges; increase in the scale of digitisation of remote communication and business processes; increase in the scale of digitisation of public offices and institutions; increase in the scale of e-commerce, e-banking, e-payments carried out via the Internet, e-logistics, remote working, e-learning, e-government, development of online and mobile banking; negative social and economic impacts; a decrease in demand for energy and other raw materials in 2020 and an increase in demand for raw materials from 2021 onwards; a decrease in economic activity in the service sectors affected by the lockdowns; the analogous use of soft monetary and fiscal policy instruments; the emergence of inflationary pressures; an increase in inflation; the emergence of opportunities to accelerate the processes of pro-climate transformation of the energy sector, but these opportunities have been used to varying degrees in different countries, resulting in different levels of energy and environmental security in different countries, etc. These are just some of the effects of the pandemic and post-pandemic impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus on globalisation processes. I am conducting research on this issue. I have described the results of my research and key aspects of this problematic in an article which, when published, I posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal:
If you are conducting research in this area, or have a research interest in this area, I invite you to join me in a research collaboration.
Encouraging joint discussion on this issue, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
What was the pandemic and post-pandemic impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic on globalisation processes?
What do you think?
What is your opinion on the subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Global logistics is being reorganized by more resilient models of supply chain management. Increased online education programs offer the possibility to study with famous global institutions from home, with limited physical residency. Tourism and travel have seen a clear reduction, in global numbers. Information and communication technology are now used to think in alternative models of globalization, e.g. glocalization.
——
The Dialectics of Modernity-
Recognizing Globalization
————-—
Globalisation has made us more vulnerable. It creates a world without borders, and makes us painfully aware of the limitations of our present instruments, and of politics, to meet its challenges.
Anna Lindh
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Did the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic potentially increase opportunities to accelerate processes of pro-climate and pro-environmental transformation of the economy, but unfortunately these opportunities were not taken advantage of?
During the 1st wave of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic in March 2020, the stock markets crashed. Energy and industrial commodities fell sharply on the commodity exchanges. A stock market crash also occurred on the stock markets. The main factor in the panic on the capital markets was the declaration of a global coronavirus epidemic, or pandemic state, by the World Health Organisation on 8 March 2020. This new term 'pandemic' itself created fear and uncertainty in the context of financial markets and economic processes. During the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, there were also disruptions to international supply and supply logistics chains, government imposed quarantines and lockdowns imposed on selected sectors of the economy which increased the scale of the 2020 recession. As a result of these mainly interventionist actions by central institutions, a deep economic crisis emerged in 2020, the economy declined in many sectors of the economy, and economic process activity declined. The result of the decline in economic activity was a decrease in demand for raw materials, including energy raw materials. Due to the increase in remote working by employees of many companies from home, the use of cars, especially combustion cars, decreased. As a result, air quality and the state of the environment noticeably improved in 2020. In addition, opportunities have arisen to accelerate pro-climate transformation processes in the economy. Unfortunately, in many countries these opportunities have not been seized. For example, in the country where I operate during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19), the government used printed money to provide financial public assistance to companies and enterprises operating in a wide variety of industries and sectors, not just those in lockdowns, on a historically record scale. Many companies and enterprises that were in good financial standing also benefited from these programmes of non-refundable financial subsidies, employee wage subsidies, tax relief, deferrals of contributions to the social security system and so on. The scale of the granted non-refundable public aid realised on the basis of printed money introduced extra-budgetarily by government funds created especially for this purpose was so large that inflation began to rise in Poland almost from the beginning of 2021. Citizens invested the extra, free money in shares and flats, which caused an increase in the prices of these assets. On the other hand, opportunities to accelerate the processes of pro-climate transformation of the economy were missed by the government. Subsidies for the development of renewable energy sources were not increased and were even reduced on some issues. Since April 2022, the government has reduced subsidies and worsened the economic conditions for the installation of photovoltaic panels by citizens on the roofs of their houses. There is a lack of subsidies for insulating the facades of buildings and single-family houses, installing photovoltaics, installing heat pumps and other renewable energy solutions. Poland has still not met the European Union guidelines for receiving EU subsidies to finance projects that could be implemented under the National Reconstruction Programme. As a result, the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources has slowed down instead of accelerating as it could have done during the pandemic. Unfortunately, still the process of pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the energy sector is progressing much slower than it could if the issue of green transformation of the economy was not ignored in the political and business spheres in Poland. The result of these omissions, neglect and ignorance is the current low level of energy independence and security in Poland in the context of the currently developing energy crisis. The result of this neglect is also the poor air quality in Poland. Poland has one of the worst air quality in the world. Poland is one of the 3 countries in Europe with the highest mortality rate caused by poor air quality polluted with various toxins resulting mainly from the dominant dirty energy industry based on burning fossil fuels. In addition, even more negative consequences of these omissions, negligence and ignorance appear in the future, when the process of global warming will significantly accelerate in the next decades and lead to a worsening of the climate crisis and to a climate catastrophe, which may already occur at the end of this 21st century.
The potential for accelerating the processes of pro-climate transformation of the economy that occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic was described in my publications, which I posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal after publication:
What does it look like in your country?
Did the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic potentially increase opportunities to accelerate processes of pro-climate and pro-environmental transformation of the economy, but unfortunately these opportunities were not used?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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В России очень похожая ситуация на ту, что Вы описали применительно к Польше. Улучшение состояния воздуха было временным и только в период локдауна. Интересно, как обстоят дела в Китае.
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Hi frds,
Wondering what group of people in the Renaissance Societies tries to stop Covid from spreading by wearing a mask without Top-down command?
Is any research about the Sinus milieus and demographic status available?
Climate-aware people wear masks in demonstrations. Other correlations somewhere?
Cherish your feedback.
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Dear friends, it is my opinion (but not only mine!) that the best defense, not only from Covid, but for most respiratory infections, consists precisely in the use of FFP2 masks. Unfortunately, however, it must be noted that a large part of people, for various reasons, do not like to wear this precious protection. Hence the need for an imposition, at least for Covid. Here in Italy, however, I must point out that the health authorities, in spite of a non-decrease, indeed sometimes of focused increases, of positive cases and a mortality still around 70-90 cases per day, no longer intend not only to oblige, but not even recommend the use of masks. Indeed, the new Minister of Health is thinking of abolishing its use even in hospitals and health clinics. This is my experience on the subject.
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Hi frds,
What calculation formula and hypotheses do actuaries currently use for the assessment of the impact of Covid and Long Covid on life expectancy in years?
How long does it historically take to integrate new diseases in formulas? 2 years? 5 years? 15 years?
Cherish your feedback.
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Dear Thomas Schuermann,
Different risk categories grew during each wave of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic. On the other hand, each successive wave of the pandemic generated smaller and smaller escalation scales of many risk categories. In particular, the development of highly effective vaccines against the coronavirus and the introduction of nationwide universal vaccination programs for citizens against Covid-19 has reduced the scales of potential different risk categories.
Kind regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Is the short-term higher mortality of SARS-CoV-1 in comparison to SARS-CoV-2 mainly due to bigger immune escape properties?
SARS-CoV-1: What are the immune escape and ACE2 Binding numbers?
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The precise mechanisms of SARS-1 are not determined with the precision of a SpaceX launch, but these articles are decent. Because it was controlled, SARS-1 had little research following. Other disease took precedence. SARS-1 was controlled by quarantine and ease of diagnosis. Infection resulted in immediate fever. SARS is, in fact, a landmark disease in which every infection was tracked and the infecting agent identified. This allowed a new level of understanding of infectious disease spread to be understood. It was promptly forgotten, and is rarely taught, but it should be central to infectious disease theory, rather than the hoary and rather moldy R0 concept.
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Hi frds,
does the Influenza virus have more immune escaping properties than the new Covid-Variants? May they develop similarly unpredictable in the future?
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The results of such cases is Co_infections ond other clinical characteric of Covid_19 in patients and other respiratory disorders.
More detailed in attached ref.
Wu Q.,et al.Co_infections and other clinical characterices of Covid_19 in Children.Pediatrics2o2o;146(1)
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Hi frds,
assuming a fixed immune escape property and all other factors fixed, does a higher Binding rate of a virus such as Covid imply a more severe negative impact on the body?
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Stronger receptor binding would mean higher probabilities of successful cellular entry. This in turn would lead to higher viral titres and more tissue damage.
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Hi frds,
if an immune escaping virus develops faster than our memory T-Cells, do memory T cells have an impact on fighting the virus? Guess the naive T cells have no impact?
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Yes
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Hi frds,
some viruses seem to permanently destroy T cells. May these T-Cells be rebuilt by the body or are they forever gone?
When does the body build T cells during life? Is there an age cap?
Cherish your answers.
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Rebuilt by the body
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Look around you and count how many black offices for solving the exams and assignments are there.
From my point of view, e-learning alone will not succeed without traditional learning. Furthermore, I see that e-learning hasn't achieved the desired aims or results for developing countries and traditional learning is better. This is because there are many black offices for solving exam questions!! These offices made online learning a trading stock that resembles the slave-market.
At least, the hybrid learning of both of them is better than the traditional one.
In any way, exams must be inside the educational institutes with the physical attendance of the students.
Please share your experiences so we all can get better.
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The following is a good article related to this discussion thread:
Universities unite against the academic black market
The link is:
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The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic has, in some respects, through interrupted chains of international supply and supply logistics, reduced the scale of economic globalisation processes. On the other hand, the need for the development of remote Internet communication has increased due to the introduction of home quarantine periods and lockdowns imposed on selected sectors of the economy in 2020. Consequently, the scale of internetisation and digitalisation of various aspects of business conducted by companies and enterprises has increased. As a result of the growth of the Internet, the importance of information globalisation has increased in terms of remote Internet-based communication. In a multi-year perspective, the importance of environmental and pro-climate globalisation may increase in the future. In view of the above, how else will globalisation processes change in this decade of the 21st century? Will the current energy crisis, the unfolding food crisis, the migration crisis
What is your opinion on this?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Over the past decades, a number of sources of globalization have emerged. One of them is technological progress, which has led to a sharp reduction in transport and communication costs, a significant reduction the costs of processing, storing and using information.
The second source of globalization is trade liberalization and other forms of economic liberalization that have curtailed protectionist policies and made world trade freer. As a result there were tariffs have been substantially reduced, and many other barriers to trade in goods and services have been removed. Other liberalization measures have led to an increase in the movement of capital and other factors of production.
The third source of globalization can be considered a significant expansion of the scope of organizations, which became possible both as a result of technological progress and wider horizons of management on basis of new means of communication. Thus, many companies that previously focused only on local markets have expanded their production and marketing capabilities, reaching the national, multinational, international and even global level.
Globalization brings not only benefits, it is fraught with negative consequences or potential problems, which some of its critics see as a great danger.
One of the main problems is related to the question: who benefits from globalization? In fact, most of the benefits are rich countries or individuals. The unfair distribution of the benefits of globalization gives rise to the threat of conflicts at the regional, national and international levels.
The second problem is related to potential regional or global instability due to the interdependence of national economies at the global level. Local economic fluctuations or crises in one country may have regional or even global implications.
The third set of problems posed by globalization is caused by the fear that control over the economies of individual countries may shift from sovereign governments to other hands, including the most powerful states, multinational or global corporations and international organizations.
Because of this, some see globalization as an attempt to undermine national sovereignty. For this reason, globalization can make national leaders feel helpless before its forces, and the electorate - antipathy towards her. Such sentiments can easily turn into extreme nationalism and xenophobia with calls for protectionism, lead to the growth of extremist political movements, which is potentially fraught with serious conflicts.
The problem generated by globalization - the infringement of national sovereignty and the independence of political leaders - can also be largely resolved on the basis of international cooperation, for example, by a clear delineation of the powers of the parties, i.e. national governments and their leaders, on the one hand, and international organizations and multinational or global corporations, on the other. The very involvement of political leaders in building the necessary institutions to deal with these and other globalization-related issues will help them regain the sense that they are in control of their future and in control of their positions in the world.
Globalized world. In the meantime, unfortunately, the world is moving in the opposite direction, along the path of political and military dictate of a strong
weak, that in the context of globalization of all aspects of the life of the world community, it is fraught with a global confrontation.
The current crisis of the Western economy is not a recession because it is not cyclical and is not limited to 12-16 months. What is happening in the US and Europe today is a structural crisis, a process that began in the fourth quarter of 2021 and will continue for at least five years without interruption. However, the West does not understand the causes and essence of the crisis, because they do not have theories describing it. That is why, according to the economist, the American and European authorities are doing stupid things instead of effective measures to resolve problems.
It was impossible to avoid this crisis, because they went too far. They have expanded private consumption so much that they can no longer keep it. You need to name the main number. There is an indicator in the United States that they do not disclose in public discussion: this is the level of price growth for all industrial goods, not only for final goods entering the wholesale trade, but in general for everything, from raw materials to the final product. For the first time, the rise in prices for manufactured goods exceeded the level of the late 1970s. The previous peak was at the end of 1947. There are 23 with something percent.
The entire system of socio-political management in the West, both in the USA and in Europe, is built through representatives of the middle class, qualified consumers. Today this instrument is being destroyed. Instead of the middle class, new poor people appear, who have a middle-class attitude, but they have no money.
The sanctions pressure on Russia has exacerbated the economic problems of the West. European financiers note that EU politicians are afraid to take responsibility for decisions taken under the slogans of transatlantic solidarity and assistance to Ukraine.
In fact, this whole situation with global confrontation and the breakdown of the dollar system is disastrous for the United States not by economic factors, but by intellectual ones. Roughly speaking, Washington will undoubtedly lose to Moscow only because the US does not even have a concept of a plan to solve the colossal economic problems and save the dollar system.
Intellectual life in the US and Russia goes in opposite directions. The US has nothing left for a long time. There, no one can imagine even a weak positive scenario. The complete absence of any thought, not to mention the concept.
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Some recent studies have documented COVID-19 being zoonotic. Online documents show china testing fish for the coronavirus. How ever, pets such as cats and dogs rarely show the signs of the disease even after infection, though there can still shed the virus to humans. To this effect, what preventive recommendation should be done against transmission of the virus between pets and humans. Is it possible fo the vaccine administered to humans also be administered to pets?
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Hello Exodus Akwa,
Pet animals were proven to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. In some cases, there are evidence of pets transmitting the disease to humans. Though it may be impractical/ difficult, avoiding contact with the confirmed infected pet is the only way out. In situations where the pet animals are asymptomatic, we cannot do anything. Some news of vaccine development for animals were reported from Russia, Finland (for ferrets) in the year 2021, however, their scientific publication is awaited. You can find more details in our recent review .
Thanks,
Deepak
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health problem. Infected patients usually have respiratory symptoms due to lung involvements. However, liver impairments could be another findings.
So does Covid-19 affect liver functions & how?
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Hi there,
has anybody got an updated list of animals that can be affected by Covid? Cherish your valued expertise.
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Thank you Thomas Schuermann for the interesting questions and experts for the excellent answers.
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Considering the US negative Oil Price and Also the Global Average Oil Production Cost that Range between $30 to $40 a Barrel, Please Share your Perspective Regarding the Future of the Oil Prices, Oil Production and Oil Firms.
"US oil prices crashed into negative territory for the first time in history as the evaporation of demand caused by the coronavirus pandemic left the world awash with oil and not enough storage capacity — meaning producers are paying buyers to take it off their hands. West Texas Intermediate, the US benchmark, traded as low as -$40.32 a barrel in a day of chaos in oil markets." , reported by FINANCIAL TIMES on April 20, 2020.
Now the most common questions that might be raised in all people's mind is that " Will Oil Price Recover and Oil Industry Survive?? If Yes, When and How this will Occur?? "
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Covid-19 live updates.
Which websites, links, and platforms can one use to track Covid-19 live updates?
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The World Health Organization (WHO) and this respected portal, ResearchGate (RG).
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There are news on COVID-19 outbreak on ship, no matter cruise or military one.
And few aircraft carriers are also involved.
What is special about the ship arrangement that facilitated all these?
Nature 580, 18 (2020)
Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships - lessons to be learnt from Japan,
QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, , hcaa092,
COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures,
Journal of Travel Medicine, , taaa030,
Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships — Worldwide, February–March 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:347-352. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e3
Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020.
Euro Surveill. 2020;25(10):pii=2000180.
Chest CT Findings in Cases from the Cruise Ship “Diamond Princess” with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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Have a look at this useful RG link for insights.
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Hi there,
I would like to learn more about the species, which are a reservoir for Monkeypox.
Has anybody got a comprehensive list of species, which can catch and retransmit Monkeypox? Cherish your wisdom.
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Those who recover from the coronavirus are probably not going to catch it again, at least in the short term, experts say. But it's unclear how long that immunity will last.
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Yes, Covid -19 may affect the same person twice.
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Hi there,
looking for research about Covid transmissibility in ponds.Cherish your valued expertise.
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  • As of today (April 14th), South Africa has tested a little over 83,000 people in a country of nearly 60 million. That’s about the same population as the UK, who’ve tested around 382,000, or 4.6x as many. But ~24% of tests in the UK came back positive, whereas that rate is only about 2.8% in SA. It seems SA’s lockdown and other measures have been working pretty well so far.
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Part of the reason may be that Africa misses many more cases than other parts of the world because it has far less testing capacity. Another hypothesis that Africans have had more exposure to other coronaviruses that cause little more than colds in humans, which may provide some defense against COVID-19. Another possibility is that regular exposure to malaria or other infectious diseases could prime the immune system to fight new pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2.
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I'd like to know how to search for the list of all the suppliers providing Commercial ACE 2 produced from E.Coli, I want to order it to carry out ACE2-spike protein interactions ?
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I searched biocompare.com using the keywords "ace2 e coli". It's not a complete list of suppliers since just googling will find you a few that aren't listed on biocompare, and you have to check the ones listed that they are actually e coli expression but you'll get a decent number of choices.
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COVID-19 is the pandemic of the 21st century. It is known to be spread by infectious aerosols produced when speak, cough, breathe or sneeze. Those aerosols can travel a few meters from the source… or much longer distances?
When we look at the images of the growing pollen tubes in the oesophagus of patients during the flowering season1, we can imagine that pollen will be a prevalent emission of any sneeze and cough in Spring. We show in a previous publication that airborne pollen is the main vector for bacteria in the air2. This pollen is passively dispersed long distances. Already Charles Darwin pointed out the ability of pollen to be dispersed thousands of km from the African coast inside the Atlantic ocean3. What about if pollen is carrying bacteria and viruses longer than expected? Some prevalent pollen types are now flying in Europe coinciding with the pandemic expansion of COVID-19. Could pollen being emitted as aerosol by humans also be a vector for diseases?
But other inhaled particles also contribute to increase the amount of emissions when coughing, for example smoke particles or pollution. It is well known how aerosols from smoking are responsible for disease’s dispersion. About pollution, the habit changes and the economical break derived from the pandemic are doing the job. But are we doing enough concerning smoking or vaping?
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Because there is no any vaccine for COVID-19 until and in past insects have transmitted number of diseases like; chikungunya virus, yellow fever, dengue fever,Lyme disease, plague,malaria, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, filariasis. So, what do you think, could it be possible for COVID-19?
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SARS-CoV-2 cannot be transmitted by mosquitoes.
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When I discussed some people who once suffered from Coronavirus, they reported some sort of memory loss. I was surprised to know this. Are there any other reported eveidences revealing any type of memory loss in covid suggered people. Kindly share.
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Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia have a higher risk of developing dementia than those with other types of pneumonia.
Thanks!
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Can Coronavirus spread at community level from sewage and drainage?
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Have a look at this useful RG link for better insight.
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Nasal Spray for Prevention/Early Treatment of COVID-19 Works in Mice
A newly discovered small molecule could be sprayed into people’s noses to prevent COVID-19 illness prior to exposure and provide early treatment if administered soon after infection. When the molecule was evaluated in mice engineered to display human receptors for the coronavirus, morbidity and mortality were reduced. The encouraging results held across experiments with several SARS-CoV-2
From data released by a team of reseachers across 3 Universities in North America
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Leo Nnamdi Ozurumba-Dwight Interesting, Would be glad to read more about this research
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Which Animal species can transmit the Coronavirus (COVID-19) to humans?
What are the animals incriminated to transmit COVID-19 to humans and how we deal with them to avoid infection?
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The following study suggest that cats can also transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans.
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Sleep is known for its immuno-modulatory and immune strengthening effects. Different sleep stage specific deprivations studies across animal kingdom are found correlated with many patho-physiological, immune-weakening and health detrimental issues. Is the lack of sleep with modern stress and socio-economical changes are driving the immuno-deficiency in humans to combat virus challenges?
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A disrupted circadian rhythm caused by poor sleep may decrease night-time melatonin levels increasing the susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection
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An article March 10, 2020 on Annals of Internal Medicine, The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application, estimates a median incubation period of 5.8 days "(95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days), and 97.5% of those who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days (CI, 8.2 to 15.6 days) of infection."
Are there any updated estimates or more recent reports?
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I can see how pandemic has impacted creative abilities of both young and adult learners, by creating isolation from learning. It had negative effects on physical and mental health of students. Do you think that Creativity is consumed by corona? Would you like to comment upon this statement? You are most welcome.
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As a visual artist & children's educator, I disagree. Creative thinking & doing is often promoted by a crisis as we look for compensations and we've had plenty of time to work on new ideas. The last 2 years have been one of my most productive periods and diverse disciplines have opened their minds and doors to new creative approaches. Children are fully engaged with creative approaches. Art often thrives in periods of adversity and uncertainty. It becomes a fundamental need for human survival. I think you will see a new era of exciting creative projects.
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Wearing mask has been inevitable, though not bad, it too has established a mask culture over the world. Along with it arose some major problems, likewise, identity issues, healty issues and bargaining. Production of mask has taken the shape of big profit making Industries. There is a lack of knowledge regarding proper wearing of mask. There is no check on production firms. There should be parameters and specifications on material, size, thickness, etc. for producing masks of good quality. Many a time, wearing a mask creates identity crisis and it may create some other social problems if not handled within time. What do you think about these issues? Kindly share your views and experience.
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Wearing face masks is one of the essential means to prevent the transmission of certain diseases such as COVID-19. Surgical mask-wearing in Japan is has been routine practice against a range of health threats. Their usage and associated meanings are explored in Tokyo with both mask wearers and non-mask wearers. Although acceptance of COVID-19 masks is increasing globally, many people feel that social interaction is affected by wearing a mask. In addition, there are individual perceptions of infection risk, personal interpretations of responsibility and solidarity, cultural traditions and religious imprinting, and the need to express self-identity. Therefore, the significance of an in-depth understanding of the cultural and sociopolitical considerations around the personal and social meaning of mask-wearing in different contexts as a prerequisite for assessing the effectiveness of face masks as a public health measure is critical. Furthermore, improving the personal and collective understanding of citizens' behaviors and attitudes appears crucial for developing more effective health contacts about the COVID-19 or similar hereafter.
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Is it indispensable to receive a vaccine by the COVID-19 recovered person?
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As per my opinion it is advisable to receive complete schedule of COVID vaccine irrespective of past history of infection with COVID-19.
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Are the use of inhibitors and interferons could be an excellent preventive measure against COVID-19?
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Dear Talha Bin Emran interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines which orchestrate the immune response to pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The production of IFNs is triggered by the recognition of pathogenic components through pattern-recognition receptors (PRR)
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Some studies showed IgG could appear before IgM in some patients infected with COVID-19. Do these IgGs recognize epitopes shared with the previous coronavirus? Any role for previous memory T-cells?
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Kindly check the following attached documents for insight.
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COVID-19 is mainly a respiratory disease that affects the lung, although other organ structures with endothelium seems to be affected too.
When should we do imaging?
What is the aim of the imaging?
How can it help with management?
Do you agree with the following consensus statement?
How will you adjust your own practice and difficulties encountered? Why?
Ref:
The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society. Chest. 2020 Apr 07.
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I personally believe that imaging examinations in covid should be rapid, simple and executable at the patient's bedside and therefore I believe that the most useful is LUS.
Unfortunately still today is used the chest X-ray that has been proven useless.
The purpose of LUS is to stage the pathology in order to predict its evolution, unfavorable or favorable. With LUS and blood gas analysis we can determine which patients should be discharged at home in a period when bed meals are scarce in all hospitals.
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She left school at 16 without completing her formal education, became a pioneer of virus imaging, and identified and imaged the first coronavirus in 1964. More than half a century after the discovery, her work has come roaring back into focus during the present pandemic.
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Me too, Dear Rad Maythil
Science Reports, others I do not read, but I still remember myself reading a very short book on a BBC broadcasting report on the theory of the creation of the universe when I was still a child.
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Has this been done with current vaccines and do you have links to the research to provide us with?
Double-blind clinical trials for coronavirus COVID 19.
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Mutasem Z. Bani-Fwaz Good question
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COVID-19 is changing the social life of all people. Jumping out of the personal aspect, how does it affect the family as a whole.
Family is regarded as the fundamental structure of the society, will COVID-19 changes the future family structure, unit and model?
How is it affecting gender issues too?
Besides, why is domestic violence increasing? Is psychology and psychiatry playing a role?
reference:
[1] Campbell AM. An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives.
Forensic Science International: Reports vol. 2 (2020): 100089.
[2]COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence
EClinicalMedicine
[3]The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID‐19 on domestic violence
J Clin Nurs
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Dear Dr Sunny Chi Lik Au . See the following useful RG link:
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What is the new coronavirus strain?
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A booster shot of an Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine provide immune protection from the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.529).
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Coronavirus and pregnancy
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Since pregnant women are at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19, therefore they must take vaccine for protection against disease.
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The question of how computers can contribute to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic is being posed to experts in artificial intelligence (AI) all over the world.
AI tools can help in many different ways. They are being used to predict the spread of the coronavirus, map its genetic evolution as it transmits from human to human, speed up diagnosis, and in the development of potential treatments, while also helping policymakers cope with related issues, such as the impact on transport, food supplies and travel.
But in all these cases, AI is only effective if it has sufficient examples to learn from. As COVID-19 has taken the world into unchartered territory, the "deep learning" systems, which computers use to acquire new capabilities, don’t necessarily have the data they need to produce useful outputs.
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We can apply AI algorithms for COVID-19 detection and predictions
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Has anyone studied the effects of rheumatic drugs on the coronavirus?
I read the article
and see that many specialists place great hopes on drugs for rheumatic diseases in the treatment of covid. The article is from the beginning of the pandemic and I am interested in whether there is confirmation of the hopes written in the article. Is there new data and progress in this direction?
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The rapid pace of deforestation, urbanisation and road building are major factors in the spread of infectious diseases across Asia, including the coronavirus.
Worldwide, more than 119,000 people have been infected by the Covid-19 coronavirus, which emerged from China late last year, and more than 4,200 have died, according to a Reuters tally.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic diseases or zoonoses - meaning they are passed from animals to humans. Other examples include the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome that was transmitted from civet cats, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome that was passed from camels, as well as Ebola and bird flu.
"Diseases passed from animals to humans are on the rise, as the world continues to see unprecedented destruction of wild habitats by human activity," Doreen Robinson (the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP) BP, Marc,2020.
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Also see the following useful link.
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There are indications that mouthwashes could reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission. Do you have any solid information about this?
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Patients with better oral hygiene combat Covid-19 symptoms, milder symptoms and less inflammation in their bodies, and recover faster.
📷
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What do you think about the origin of the new coronavirus (COVID-19)?
Now there are different reports about the main origin of the coronavirus. Some media say the virus may have been synthesized in the laboratory.
What do you think about this? Will the virus soon be cured or vaccinated? Please share your comments.
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I have no doubt that it is not of natural origin.
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Hello to all
About 3 months ago, I asked this question, but I didn't get a comprehensive answer.
Can a person who has had Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) get infected again?
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Yes certainly !!!, it is possible even in vaccinated people, as well as facing to the new varients
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Coronavirus Worldwide peak will come next winter
scientific model predicts
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Also visit the following RG link for better insights.
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It has been seen that many deaths of older people happened due to coronavirus, younger was found infected and then recovered yet no any case or less cases or children affected by coronavirus was reported. Anyone have any information or suggestions???
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A uncommon but devastating multisystem inflammatory disease affecting children and adolescents has been reported, probably linked to COVID-19.
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A new study has found that the new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, didn't spread as efficiently in warmer and more humid regions of the world as it did in colder areas. Though the early analysis, published in the journal Social Science Research Network, is still under review, it provides a glimpse into what we might expect in the warmer months to come. 
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Kindly check the following links:
Will summer stop the coronavirus? Here's what the evidence says (so far):
Will Warmer Weather Stop the Spread of the Coronavirus? Don't Count on It, Say Experts:
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For a comparative study of legislative activity during the coronavirus pandemic, we are looking for experts who can report about the current operation of the legislature in their country.
We will be most grateful for links to relevant experts, particularly from countries outside Europe and North America.
If you can suggest relevant experts, please write me privately at Ittai.Bar-Siman-Tov@biu.ac.il
Thank you very much in advance,
Ittai
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Dear Ittai, have a look at these two websites:
Here you will find a whole lot of information on current parliamentary works, although you will need some Italian language skills to process the information.
Hope this was useful!
Best,
Anna
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Have you ever imagined how the physically disabled people feel under COVID-19?
Which type of disability is most impacting these minority under COVID-19?
Autism? Cleft patients? Mental health patients? Deaf? Dumb? Blind? Loss of limbs?
How can we help them?
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Please see these links for info on health and consequences of COVID-19 for people with disabilities:
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his is what you need to know about coronavirus immunity and contracting the virus more than once.
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increasing temperature in summer makes people spending more time indoors to seek relief in the air conditioning. Can air conditioning facilitates contribute in spreading coronavirus?
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Changes in social protection sphere are almost inevitable in many countries during and after Coronavirus crisis. What are they?
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It has increased already during pandemic, but if it remains after pandemic, is an open question. Some measures are surely only during pandemic.
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Please anyone can help me by answering this question. I would like to have information concerning the mode of transmission of this Virus. Is this transmission will be from human to human only? I want to know if animals such as cats can carry this Virus and transmit it to humans.
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