Copyright Law - Science topic

As chatbots equipped with generative artificial intelligence technology are finding more and more applications within the framework of supporting human creative work, so the level of relevance of discussions concerning the ethical aspects of the use of such tools in the creative production of certain works is also increasing. Since the release of ChatGPT in open access on the Internet, it is a rapidly growing application of this tool in the increasingly automated creation of various types of texts, which until now were written by humans and now for humans can be done by artificial intelligence technology, an intelligent chatbot based on a generative language model. Advanced generative language models are taught to produce various types of texts based on artificial neural network technology, which are taught specific "skills" through a process of deep learning on the basis of data and information from many online databases, online libraries, indexing databases of scientific papers, information portals containing millions of source texts, and are refined through ongoing discussions with millions of users on the Internet. At present, such intelligent chatbots based on advanced generative language models are already being made available on the Internet by almost all leading Internet technology companies, or are currently working on developing and improving such tools and will soon make them available in open access to Internet users. Such increasingly "intelligent" tools that develop various kinds of documents, texts, studies in an increasingly sophisticated way and carry out the "creative" process in an increasingly perfect way are finding a rapidly growing scale of new applications and are being used more and more widely by Internet users. However, on the other hand, in a situation where Internet users use such tools not only for casual discussions, for fun, for entertainment, and commission intelligent chatbots to develop an article, formalized document, photo, graphic, etc. intended for publication, for use in a thesis, in an analytical report on the analysis and evaluation of the functioning of certain real-world economic entities and institutions, etc., then certain problems of an ethical nature arise. then certain ethical problems arise in connection with the use by the said intelligent chatbots from texts, documents, photos, articles and scientific and other books available on the Internet, etc., without first asking the authors of these studies, works, etc. whether they allow the use of their works, works, studies that have been published on the Internet in advance. In addition to this, ethical problems are also related to the fact that the said intelligent chatbots, in the course of automated development of works, often still do not fully show footnotes to sources, on show a full bibliography in the specified standards for the development of bibliographic descriptions of texts and source materials. Besides, also during the discussions conducted by intelligent chatbots with Internet users, it is not obligatory for the company providing the chatbot to obtain consent from the Internet user for the use of his knowledge, his documents and studies, his works, which he will enter into the database system of the intelligent chatbot, which are then used to improve the discussions conducted on the part of the chatbot, and are used to provide answers, to perform commissioned works for subsequent other Internet users. Besides, what is particularly important, in a situation when an intelligent chatbot on the order of an Internet user develops a certain work, and if it even shows sources for data, shows materials, publications, articles, books, photos, other source materials in the footnotes, in the bibliography, then at the same time a request is not sent to the authors of the source works for the possibility of their use by the chatbot in the development of a certain commissioned work by another Internet user, and no consent is taken from the authors of the original sources of data, information, results of previously conducted research, analysis, etc. Besides, in connection with the fact that many of the above-mentioned issues are not regulated by law, so there is still no mandatory requirement for authors of studies created with the involvement of tools based on a certain generative artificial intelligence technology to demonstrate that the work or a part of it, a certain fragment was created with the use of a certain mentioned tool. Accordingly, studies, texts, photos created with the use of such intelligent tools may contain information that is inconsistent with the facts and can be and are used to generate disinformation on the Internet, mainly on social media websites. Therefore, there are various dangers, risks, serious dangers associated with the unauthorized, incompatible with ethical principles, without respect for copyright, creation of certain works through the use of generative artificial intelligence. Thus, it is necessary to properly regulate all the above-mentioned issues concerning the creation of various types of works using generative artificial intelligence. In addition to this, it is necessary to legally sanction the creation of a requirement to automatically mark the works created in this way that a particular study, text, article, document, photo, film, etc. was created using a particular intelligent tool. It is also necessary to systematically organize the collection of consent from the authors of various types of source works, previously written texts, articles, books, made studies, photos, films, whose authors are human creators for the use of their works in the automated creation of further studies and works but already realized by tools based on generative artificial intelligence.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

As part of today's rapid technological advances, new technologies are being developed for Industry 4.0, including but not limited to artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotization, Internet of Things, cloud computing, Big Data Analytics, etc. The aforementioned technologies are being applied in various industries and sectors. The development of artificial intelligence generates opportunities for its application in various spheres of companies, enterprises and institutions; in various industries and services; improving the efficiency of business operations by increasing the scale of process automation; increasing the scale of business efficiency, increasing the ability to process large sets of data and information; increasing the scale of implementation of new business models based on large-scale automation of manufacturing processes, etc.

However, developing artificial intelligence uncontrollably generates serious risks, such as increasing the scale of disinformation, emerging fake news, including banners, memes containing artificial intelligence crafted photos, graphics, animations, videos presenting "fictitious facts", i.e. in a way that apparently looks very realistic describing, depicting events that never happened. In this way, intelligent but not fully perfect chatbots create so-called hallucinations. Besides, by analogy, just like many other technologies, applications available on the Internet equipped with generative artificial intelligence technology can be used not only in positive but also in negative applications.

On the one hand, there are new opportunities to use generative AI as a new tool to improve the work of computer graphic designers and filmmakers. On the other hand, there are also controversies about the ethical aspects and the necessary copyright regulations for works created using artificial intelligence. Sometimes copyright settlements are not clear-cut. This is the case when it cannot be precisely determined whether plagiarism has occurred, and if so, to what extent. Ambiguity on this issue can also generate various court decisions regarding, for example, the recognition or non-recognition of copyrights granted to individuals using Internet applications or information systems equipped with certain generative artificial intelligence solutions, who act as creators who create a kind of cultural works and/or works of art in the form of graphics, photos, animations, films, stories, poems, etc. that have the characteristics of uniqueness and uniqueness.

However, this is probably not the case since, for example, the company OpenAI may be in serious trouble because of allegations by the editors of the New York Times Journal suggesting that ChatGPT was trained on data and information from, among other things, online news portals run by the editors of the aforementioned journal. Well, in December 2023, the New York Times filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and Microsoft accusing them of illegally using the newspaper's articles to train its chatbots, ChatGPT and Bing. According to the newspaper, the companies used millions of texts in violation of copyright laws, creating a service based on them that competes with the newspaper. The New York Times is demanding billions of dollars in damages.In view of the above, there are all sorts of risks of potentially increasing the scale of influence on public opinion, the formation of the general public consciousness by organizations operating without respect for the law. On the one hand, it is necessary to create digital computerized and standardized tools, diagnostic information systems, to build a standardized system of labels informing users, customers, citizens using certain solutions, products and services that they are the products of artificial intelligence, not man. On the other hand, on the other hand, there should be regulations obliging to inform that a certain service or product was created as a result of work done not by humans, but by artificial intelligence. Many issues concerning the socially, ethically and business-appropriate use of artificial intelligence technology will be normatively regulated in the next few years.

Regulations defining the proper use of artificial intelligence technologies by companies developing applications based on these technologies, making these applications available on the Internet, as well as Internet users, business entities and institutions using intelligent chatbots to improve the operation of certain spheres of economic, business activities, etc., are being processed, enacted, but will come into force only in a few years.

On June 14, 2023, the European Parliament passed a landmark piece of legislation regulating the use of artificial intelligence technology. However, since artificial intelligence technology, mainly generative artificial intelligence, is developing rapidly and the currently formulated regulations are scheduled to be implemented between 2026 and 2027, so on the one hand, operators using this technology have plenty of time to bring their procedures and products in line with the supported regulations. On the other hand, one cannot exclude the scenario that, despite the attempt to fully regulate the development of applications of this technology through the implementation of a law on the proper, safe and ethical use of artificial intelligence, it will again turn out in 2027 that the dynamic technological progress is ahead of the legislative process that rapidly developing technologies are concerned with.

I have described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Explore the nuanced relationship between patents and copyrights in the realm of software development, addressing challenges and opportunities for intellectual property protection. Seeking insights from experts in law and computer science on ResearchGate.

In India, questions themselves are generally not eligible for copyright protection because copyright law typically covers original literary, artistic, musical, or dramatic works. Questions, which are typically considered factual or functional, may not meet the threshold of originality required for copyright protection.

However, in the context of certain educational or assessment materials, there might be some copyright protection. This protection would typically apply to the specific expression and arrangement of questions within a larger work, such as a textbook, test, or exam paper. The manner in which questions are presented, their phrasing, and the overall organization of the educational or assessment material may be protected under Indian copyright law if they meet the requirements for originality.

It's important to consult with a legal expert in India who specializes in copyright law to get specific guidance on your particular situation. Copyright laws can vary from country to country, and legal interpretations can change over time, so it's essential to seek legal advice that is up-to-date and relevant to your specific circumstances.

The research shows that the development of artificial intelligence technology and its new applications, including the technology of the ChatGPT intelligent language model made available on the Internet, is currently proceeding at a much faster pace in terms of adapting legal norms to the new situation of rapidly developing new applications of this technology. In addition, the developing new applications of the artificial intelligence solutions available to Internet users generate not only positive aspects. For example, there are already numerous situations of disinformation on social media using photos, texts and videos generated by certain artificial intelligence solutions available on the Internet. In addition to this, the possibility of generating the texts of articles and essays using the ChatGPT language model available on the Internet, which does not show data sources, source publications or bibliography footnotes, generates a serious problem of violation of basic copyright issues. In addition, the ChatGPT-generated texts do not contain information indicating whether they are entirely the product of artificial intelligence creativity or whether they are, however, texts produced by 'assembling' them by combining paragraphs and assignments borrowed from other Internet-accessible publications, articles, book texts, etc., which were added to the database used by ChatGPT in 2021 after being downloaded from the Internet. This problem could also apply to the many other artificial intelligence solutions available on the Internet capable of generating images, videos, innovations, patents, computer software, new drugs, technical designs, artistic works, etc. It is therefore also necessary to build a digital labelling system for the various "works" created by artificial intelligence in order to distinguish them from what is directly created by humans. In addition to this, the improvement of such creative artificial intelligence systems should also address the issue of the automatic display of data sources, reference publications, annotated bibliographies and the elimination of the possibility of plagiarism in this way. It is also necessary to adapt the legal norms in the field of copyright law and, for example, also tax law relating to the issue of taxation of work carried out by artificial intelligence replacing humans in certain positions in companies and enterprises. In addition, other issues that require adaptation of legal norms to the current situation of different applications of artificial intelligence are how to solve the issue of authorship and gratification for "works" created by a robot or other machine equipped with an artificial intelligence system, when an intelligent robot has been produced by one company and another company has purchased it, and it is within the latter company that the AI-equipped robot has created certain "works" such as photographs, films, innovations, patents, computer software, new medicines, technical designs, artistic works, etc., which have been created by the robot. In view of the above, it is obvious that the development of artificial intelligence should develop in such a way that it does not get out of hand. This means, for example, that ChatGPT technology should be improved and legal norms regarding copyright should be amended so that the continued development of various solutions, generations, etc. of artificial intelligence technology and its new applications is not a problem for the development of science, scientific research, describing and publishing research results, etc., but only supports the development of science.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

There are several discussions regarding the types of authorship irregularities of scientific articles that become more abusive and more frequent: gift author, guest author, pressured author, ghost author... Some define a ghost author as "a person who has made an important contribution to the research or writing of a manuscript but is not named as an author." (Pain Medicine 2015; 16: 416–420). Today, I invite you to think about what kind of situations ghost authors can occur in, and how do you think authors and editors can deal when identifying such situation. Share your opinion!

I submitted a paper to Springer which was rejected, but the preprint was generated before editorial check.

After rejection, I submitted the same paper to Emerald which was accepted after critical modifications. I later received a message of Copyright Infringement from Emerald because the preprint of the rejected paper appears on Researchsquare.

Should preprint of rejected papers be a copyright infringement?

More and more frequently, call centre employees calling us with various product and service offers turn out to be a specific form of usually already relatively simple, no longer latest-generation artificial intelligence technology on the basis of which bots are created to replace humans in the call centre departments of companies, enterprises and institutions. Increasingly, simulations, forecasts of future consumption of specific fixed utilities, electricity, water, gas, etc., and invoices for periods of future consumption of energy and other utilities are being produced by artificial intelligence as part of the predictive analyses carried out. Increasingly, tools of a certain generation of artificial intelligence are being used to create memes posted on social media websites. The development of artificial intelligence generates opportunities for its application in various spheres of activity of companies, enterprises and institutions; in various industries and services; improving the efficiency of business activities by increasing the scale of automation of processes; increasing the scale of business efficiency, increasing the capacity to process large sets of data and information; increasing the scale of implementation of new business models based on large-scale automation of manufacturing processes, etc. However, developing artificial intelligence in an uncontrolled manner generates serious risks, such as an increase in the scale of disinformation, the appearance of fake news, including banners, memes containing pictures, graphics, animations, films prepared by artificial intelligence, presenting 'fictitious facts', i.e. in a seemingly very realistic way, depicting events that never happened. There are risks of a potential increase in the scale of influence on public opinion, of the formation of a general social awareness by organisations operating without respect for the law. On the one hand, it is necessary to create digital computerised and standardised tools, diagnostic information systems, to build a standardised system of labels informing users, customers, citizens using certain solutions, products and services that they are the products of artificial intelligence and not of humans. On the other hand, regulations should be introduced obliging people to inform them that a particular service or product is the result of work done not by humans, but by artificial intelligence.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to the discussion of scientific issues and not the ready-made answers generated in ChatGPT, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Nigerian copyright laws

The reason why I have not shared my publications in the ResearchGate forum is they are protected by the respective publisher with Copyright laws. Knowing this, can someone explain to me how I can share my publications with requests on this forum?

Thanks.

Best Regards

Allen Aradi

Senior Fuels Scientist - Products

Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc.

Email: allen.aradi@shell.com

A while back I wanted to use a story by Edgar Rice Burroughs in my radio stream. The story in question I assumed to be public domain in 70+ countries, like Norway, where I was residing at the time. However, when I contacted the Edgar Rice Burroughs literary estate they told me it was not due to some Bern agreement or something, which they said extended US copyrights (95+) into Norway. When I contacted a Norwegian legal scholar in order to have this verified, he told me this was not the case. I did not use the story because I know that some literary estates try to intimidate those with fewer financial resources. Nor was I short of alternatives of equal quality. My question is: what are the facts? Do certain trade agreements extend US copyrights into another country, and vice versa?

Given the issue of copyright of source publications, the use of ChatGPT for the automated creation of new texts for certain practical, business and commercial uses may raise specific ethical issues if ChatGPT's creation of new texts uses certain source publications downloaded from the Internet and is not adequately acknowledged in the source footnotes. In such a situation, copyright may not be respected, which is a serious drawback, a breach of current standards for the use of source publications, and may seriously limit the practical use of new texts created in this way. Well, as a standard, ChatGPT does not provide a list of data sources in the responses. It is possible to ask for these data sources additionally and then it provides them, but there is no certainty that it provides them all. Sometimes, for general concepts, it lists sources such as textbooks, industry monographs, etc., and adds a statement that, in addition to these sources, the ChatGPT has also used so-called 'own sources', i.e. sources drawn from a knowledge base of several tens of terabytes obtained in 2021 from the Internet and contextually selected in relation to the question asked and, possibly, the preceding question's description of the context. The ethical issues related to the use of ChatGPT for the creation of texts used for specific practical and profit-making applications by freelancers, where a certain amount of creative work is required, are determined, inter alia, by the attitude of the person, company, institution or other entity using this tool to the data available on the Internet. Well, not all persons and entities using Internet resources treat the issues of openness of data and information provided on the Internet in the same way. There may be different approaches to the issues of demonstrating data sources, using them, respecting copyright. As a standard, i.e. according to the applicable legal and ethical regulations, even for data published under the open access formula, when using and writing texts, the sources of data, sources of inspiration, etc. must be indicated in the form of footnotes with information allowing to identify the specific source of the data. If this important issue is omitted and the sources of data, information, inspiration, specific statements, theses, explanations of concepts, etc. are not shown in a text that should be a new creative text, then serious drawbacks may arise both in terms of respecting copyright and the possibility of developing research in a given field, in a given topic, and in terms of verifying the veracity of specific information that ChatGPT originally took from the Internet (as of 2021 and according to a specific part and not the entirety of the data available on the Internet). If these issues are not met and the issue of copyright is treated with discretion, certain ethical considerations arise, i.e. the failure to comply with certain ethical principles. Besides, the issue of precise demonstration of data sources is also important for being able to verify the veracity of the data and information contained in the ChatGPT-generated answer to a question, i.e. the automatically generated specific text. The importance of this issue is directly proportional to the scale of errors and fictitious information generated by the ChatGPT of non-existent "facts" appearing in the texts generated by this system that are answers to the question asked. And, unfortunately, the scale of these errors and non-existent "facts" generated by ChatGPT, fictitious "data and information" created within the "free creation" of this system is not small.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about it?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the question, I refer to the BJSQ created by the Japanese government to measure the occupational burden of the Japanese people. I am a medical student studying in Colombia, Bogota in the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, and I was searching for effective questionnaires that measure the job burden of physicians or other professionals in the medical industry. I happen to find a variety of Japanese studies that all made use of the BJSQ, and I am highly interested in applying a translated version (either in English or Spanish) in order to conduct research in my university's hospital, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio.

Dear researchers,

One question intrigue me a lot. Some universities allow monographic type of PhD thesis composed of more papers on the same topic. However, authors usually transfer copyrights to papers’ publishers. Even they are authors; they do not have copyrights on their published manuscripts. Howe to manage that issue, making thesis from published papers without violation agreement with papers’ publishers ?

Thanks for your suggestions.

Hello everyone, I am interested in patent strategy cases for Amazon sellers - reports, articles with open access, etc. The copyright strategies are interesting as well, but not case studies regarding trademarks.

I am a lecturer at a private university and creating a Study Resources webpage on Google Sites. The page will be accessible only by the university email account holders.

I wonder if it is legal to share Abstract/Introduction without permission as in the attached screenshots. All are from the electronic database subscribed by the university.

Though this is not a reserach-related question, I hope you may share your expertise with me.

I am running a quality improvement project on guideline adherence and I would like to use a video from a journal as part of the educational material of my study. However, the video is old and for keeping it up-to-date with the current guidelines I need to edit it (Add new references, etc). Do I need the permission of either of the publisher or the authors? How should I mention this use in any possibly upcoming papers?

Dear Colleagues, I hope someone can provide some answer :

I recently had notified by Research Gate that ELSEVIER editorial did notified them that they needed to take one Scientific Article I had on my Research Items down, due to violation of ELSEVIER's Copyright.

This article was published on the Journal "Nano Energy", of ELSEVIER's, and I appear as the first autor.

Is there a way to keep one of this articles on your RG Items without infringing the Copyrights of ELSEVIER ?

Can I try to upload it again? This time under the "Private" mode (not open sharing, but via request)

Or it's better to leave the matter alone? Meaning that all ELSEVIER's editorial articles cannot be shared freely on Research Gate ?

Thank You! Best Regards !

For instance, the 'Historical Archives' section of the 'Audio Visual Library of the International Law' website gives access to the negotiation documents related to various instruments of international law. It is impressive because the information has been systematically arranged as introductory note, procedural history, status, documents, photos etc.

Is there such a source of systematic information related to IPRrelated documents?

In view of the controversy with the SCI-HUB organization, I would like to know your opinion on the advantages and disadvantages of access to free scientific knowledge.

Do I have the right add full text of my publications publicly in researchgate account without infringing copyright laws?

Reading in property files...

Reading of property files completed.

Setting up the vehicle assembly for Driving Machine maneuver...

Setup of vehicle assembly completed.

Simulation is beginning...

Starting analysis #1 of vehicle assembly...

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| `###*. `#. MSC Software |

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| `## ##' A d a m s C++ S o l v e r |

| #### Build: 2019.0.0-CL639814 |

| ###. Version: Adams 2019 |

| ###`#. |

| .### `# |

| #### `# |

| #### #. |

| ##### `# http://www.mscsoftware.com |

| .##### |

| #####' |

| #### |

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| ********************************************************************* |

| * * |

| * MSC Software Corporation * |

| * * |

| * A d a m s * |

| * * |

| * Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems * |

| * * |

| ********************************************************************* |

| * * |

| * LEGAL INFORMATION * |

| * * |

| * Warning: This computer program is protected by copyright law * |

| * and international treaties. Unauthorized reproduction or * |

| * distribution of this computer program, or any portion of it, * |

| * may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. * |

| * * |

| * Copyright (C) 2019 MSC Software Corporation and its licensors. * |

| * All rights reserved. * |

| * * |

| ********************************************************************* |

| |

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|

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| ********************************************************************* |

| * * |

| * Local Time: 2020-02-19 19:50:20 * |

| * Host Name: NIKHIL-PC * |

| * Uname: MS Windows NT * |

| * OS Info: 6.2 * |

| * User: NIKHIL * |

| * Customer ID: D97DF9EF-3221A28B * |

| * Current dir: C:\Users\NIKHIL * |

| * Process ID: 10700 * |

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OS-environment variable

MSC_USE_FORTRAN_STYLE_RELOAD_MESSAGE_FILE=1

Asol SDK. Enforces Adams Solver (C++) to use the Adams Solver (FORTRAN) message file style when reloading.

command: FILE/COMMAND=lane_s_sin.acf

command:

command: file/model=lane_s_sin

Adams Car Adams 2019

Processing ENVIRONMENT entries in 'C:\Program Files\MSC.Software\Adams\2019\acar/acar.cfg'

Processing ENVIRONMENT entries in 'C:\Users\NIKHIL/.acar.cfg'

Processing ENVIRONMENT entries in 'C:\Program Files\MSC.Software\Adams\2019\aexplore/aexplore.cfg'

OS-environment detected: MDI_CDB_SEARCH=no

Adams Car will restore the cdb search algorithm from version 12.0 (if set to 'yes').

Usage of this environment variable is strongly discouraged.

OS-environment detected: MSC_ACAR_SIM_FAIL=legacy

Adams Car will ignore the driver control file 'haltOnFailure' setting and use the Solver 'simfail' preference, instead.

OS-environment detected: MSC_ADAMS_TIRE_DIS_M_AND_I=yes

Adams Tire will not re-distribute the total wheel mass and inertia over the rim and the belt when set to 'no'.

OS-environment detected: COSIN_PREFIX=C:\Program Files\MSC.Software\Adams\2019\cosin

Adams FTire will use the user specified path to the cosin software installation.

OS-environment detected: MSC_MULTILINE_XML=1

Adams Smartdriver will use multi-line formatting when instantiating xml driver control files (0 or 1; default=1).

OS-environment detected: COSIN_EXTLIB_OPENCRG=C:\PROGRA~1\MSC~1.SOF\Adams\2019\win64\OpenCRG.dll

Sets the library to be used by the cosin software (cosin/tools and FTire) for the OpenCRG roads.

=================================================================

Adams Tire

Version Adams 2019

=================================================================

---- START: WARNING ----

IP data specified for PART model.TR_Rear_Suspension.gel_upper_control_arm

is not physically meaningful, since it does not satisfy the

requirement that Ixx + Iyy must be greater than or equal to Izz.

Dynamic analyses may fail or produce unreliable results.

The moments of inertia about the CM (or IM) are:

Ixx = 105480, Iyy = 62520, Izz = 170000

---- END: WARNING ----

---- START: WARNING ----

IP data specified for PART model.TR_Rear_Suspension.ger_upper_control_arm

is not physically meaningful, since it does not satisfy the

requirement that Ixx + Iyy must be greater than or equal to Izz.

Dynamic analyses may fail or produce unreliable results.

The moments of inertia about the CM (or IM) are:

Ixx = 105480, Iyy = 62520, Izz = 170000

---- END: WARNING ----

Creating new Sensor in service of discrete GSE/1 to manage its sampling time.

The name of this Sensor is set to (GSE/1)/Sensor/1.

(This Sensor is custom created and it is not to be found in the database.)

Creating new Sensor in service of discrete GSE/7 to manage its sampling time.

The name of this Sensor is set to (GSE/7)/Sensor/2.

(This Sensor is custom created and it is not to be found in the database.)

Reading configuration file 'C:\Program Files\MSC.Software\Adams\2019\acar/acar.cfg'

Reading configuration file 'C:\Users\NIKHIL/.acar.cfg'

Reading configuration file 'C:\Program Files\MSC.Software\Adams\2019\aexplore/aexplore.cfg'

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Model Title |

|=============================================================================|

| |

| Adams Car Assembly (Adams 2019) |

| |

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command: !

command: !INFO Adams Version: Adams 2019

command: !INFO Adams Build: 2019.0.0-CL639814

command: !INFO Assembly File: <private>/assemblies.tbl/Nikhil_assembly.asy

command: !INFO Solver Library: C:/PROGRA~1/MSC~1.SOF/Adams/2019/win64/acar_solver.dll

command: !

command: string/5, string=lane_s_sin.xml

command: preferences/solver=CXX

command: preferences/list,status=on

PREFERENCES:

SIMFAIL = NOSTOPCF

Contact Geometry Library = (not loaded)

Thread Count = 1

Library Search Path = Not Set

Status Message = On

Solverbias = CXX (C++ Solver)

command: control/routine=abgTire::con901,func=user(901,123,99,105,1,2)

command: control/routine=abgTire::con901,func=user(901,127,100,106,1,4)

command: control/routine=abgTire::con901,func=user(901,131,108,114,1,6)

command: control/routine=abgTire::con901,func=user(901,135,109,115,1,8)

command: output/nosep

command: control/routine=abgVDM::EventInit, function=user(5,1,7,0,2,5,8,16)

vdm::EvtMonitor::EvtMonitor

End conditions evaluated in SENSUB.

ASD_vfSet_Globals()

=================================================================

Adams Smartdriver

Version Adams 2019

=================================================================

Using SmartDriver Template file:

C:\Program Files\MSC.Software\Adams\2019\win64/.smartdriver.xml

SDF_xml_upd_controller()

Info: minPreviewDistance is negative or not set, using default 5m.

Drv_Model::vfSetMaxLenItx

Info: MaxLenItx is negative or not set, using default (100m).

command: control/routine=abgVDM::EventRunAll, function=user(0)

fdm::ActJoiMot

Setting function on: steering::steering_wheel_angle

command: MOTION/4, FUNCTION=0.0

command: SFORCE/1, FUNCTION=0.0

fdm::ActVar

Connecting: steering::steering_wheel_angle

To : driver_demand::steering

fdm::ActVar

Setting function on: driver_demand::steering

command: VARIABLE/88, FUNCTION=AZ(767,1052)

command: DEACTIVATE/SFORCE, ID=4

Deactivated model.testrig.jfs_steering_rack_force.force, force/torque values will be zero in function-expression references.

command: DEACTIVATE/SFORCE, ID=5

Deactivated model.testrig.jfs_steering_rack_force.force_j, force/torque values will be zero in function-expression references.

command: DEACTIVATE/MOTION, ID=3

Deactivated model.testrig.jms_steering_rack_travel.motion, force/torque values will be zero in function-expression references.

command: DEACTIVATE/MOTION, ID=4

Deactivated model.testrig.jms_steering_wheel_angle.motion, force/torque values will be zero in function-expression references.

fdm::ActJoiFor

Setting function on: steering::steering_wheel_torque

command: SFORCE/2, FUNCTION=DIF(4)

fdm::ActVar

Setting function on: driver_demand::throttle

command: VARIABLE/90, FUNCTION=USER(976,3)\ ROUTINE=abgVDM::var976

fdm::ActVar

Setting function on: driver_demand::brake

command: VARIABLE/92, FUNCTION=USER(975,3)\ ROUTINE=abgVDM::var975

fdm::ActVar

Setting function on: driver_demand::gear

command: VARIABLE/94, FUNCTION=(4.0)

fdm::ActVar

Setting function on: driver_demand::clutch

command: VARIABLE/96, FUNCTION=0.0

vdm::SteadyState::MiniInfo

Static Task : 'Straight'

Lon. Acceleration : 0.000 [m/s^2]

Initial Velocity : 16.667 [m/s]

Perform Linear : No

Include Damping : Yes

Halt on Failure : Yes

fdm::ActVar

Setting function on: driver_demand::clutch

command: VARIABLE/96, FUNCTION=1.0

command: ACTIVATE/MOTION,ID=4

command: SIM/STAT

Begin Static Solution

TIRE ID: 2

TYR900 -> Pacejka 89 Tire Model

Using 2D Road

One point Contact

TIRE ID: 4

TYR900 -> Pacejka 89 Tire Model

Using 2D Road

One point Contact

TIRE ID: 6

TYR900 -> Pacejka 89 Tire Model

Using 2D Road

One point Contact

TIRE ID: 8

TYR900 -> Pacejka 89 Tire Model

Using 2D Road

One point Contact

STATICS: Original static solver will be used with the Sparse linear solver.

---- START: ERROR ----

Static equilibrium analysis has not been successful.

The maximum number of iterations 25, has been reached.

For the last attempted iteration:

The equation with the largest error was model.TR_Rear_Suspension.ger_upper_control_arm Comp = 8 Error = 2282653.508823

The variable receiving the largest increment was model.TR_Rear_Suspension.jolcyl_lwr_upr_strut Comp = 2 Delta = 236848.047946.

---- END: ERROR ----

Static Solution failed to converge

End Static Solution

Simulate status=-124

acar/vdm::apre_fvbcsb

**** Error:

Sim/stat cannot be achieved.

---- START: ERROR ----

Aborting Execution.

---- END: ERROR ----

---- START: ERROR ----

Adams Solver (C++) run terminating due to STOP requested by user.

---- END: ERROR ----

Termination status=-995

Terminating Adams Car usersubs...

Finished -----

Elapsed time = 4.34s, CPU time = 4.31s, 99.27%

Simulation is complete.

I am very sensitive to copyright laws and trying to comply with it. Does anyone know how to deal with the full text requests on papers from publishers that are subjected to copyright? Example I have several full text requests for papers that were published in Elsevier.

Hi, I need to find out if Rudolph Fisher's short story "John Archer's Nose" from 1935 is public domain. Fisher died that same year as it was published in Metropolitan Magazine. That means that the story should be public domain in life + 70 years counties at least. However, is it PD in the US?

Dear Mr Strang, I am currently exploring research in copyright law and AI in the UK, thus interested in reading you work. Would you care to share it? Many thanks.

I want to include some images from "Molecular Biology of THE CELL 6th edition" book into my PhD thesis. What should I mention in my thesis when I copy any image from this book, so it should not violate any copyright issue.

Do I need to take permission from authors and publishers for copying pictures?

Which of the Creative Commons licenses (BY, SA, NC, ND) favors, in your opinion, unfettered and free development of science? Which is actually harmful? Is there the best combination (e.g. BY-SA)?

Most of my published work is copyrighted by the entity that published it __ publisher or journal. I would like to share the stuff, but suspect doing so would violate copyright laws. What's the policy? Does reasearchgate have waiver of some kind?

I'm sensitive to copyright law and want to avoid any breach of the law; however, I find the copyright laws may make it difficult to collaborate with individuals within and without my institution if I cannot simply share journal articles (via email, Google Docs, etc.) we are using to write a research proposal or manuscript together. Am I over-thinking this? Or am I misunderstanding copyright law? Is sharing journal articles for research purposes covered under the "fair-use" law?

Require elaboration ...

I have seen people use movie clips/stils in their presentations. However, can a movie still or a still from a video game be safely used in a publication? Is there any example where people used movie stills in their publications.

I have found a nice illustration of diatoms algae in PlosOne article. Is it possible to reproduce it in my paper and how, if "yes"?

This question relates to the US guidelines (I am conducting an online experiment from abroad).

In the experiment, I would like to look at consumer switching cost in different psychological states. In order to measure the switching cost, I am planning to replicate Jiang et al. (2014) where they gave the respondents the possibility to choose from 4 brands of chocolate bars and then tested how varied their choices were (= whether they always picked the same brand or were more varied in their choices).

If I want to replicate the study, can I use pictures of the products (brand visible) in an online experiment or should I contact the company behind each brand to ask for consent?

Our paper was the result of work done in a federal lab and should be okay to provide to the public, I think.  But, would the publisher of the journal have troubles and go after me for copyright infringement.  The paper was published 25 years ago.

Copyright infringement happens on a very big scale on mentioned online media so how come that platforms such as Pinterest or 9Gag are still so successful?

Hello everyone,

Does anyone know if I can use video sequences from movies in my research? More specifically, is it legal to trim video segments from movies and run computer vision algorithms on them or would I have copyright issues when I am going to present my experimental results in a international conference? Is there a company that could grants permits for digital media? Does the same law applies for EU projects?

I have a book dating from 1688 and printed in London. On the title page it mentions: 'Licenced R. Midgley, and Entred according to Order'.

I am wondering what the context of 'licenced' was in the late 17th c. E.g. is it a bought-off right from the original author in order to publish a book under your own name? 

Any information or reference towards articles is welcome. 

Thanks!

We would like to use some google data, got through the Place API, free version, for a small study area, to produce some indicators regarding the local accessibility of some services.

Google data won't be published in any manner, but only specific complex spatial indicators partly based on said accessibility level. Google Place API will be clearly cited as data source.

We carefully read all google place and maps APIs terms of service, but we didn't find any clear information about this issue. We didn't get any relevant answer from google as well.

In your opinion is this allowed? Can someone indicate us any relevant piece of information?

Many thanks in advance!

Section 39(3) of the NIgerian Copyright Act provides that the Nigerian Copyright Commission shall not approve another collecting society (CMO) in respect of any class of copyright owners if it is satisfied that an existing approved society adequately protects the interests of that class of copyright owners.

This provision has led to litigations in Nigeria by a CMO, Musical Collecting Society of Nigeria, which was unable to get the approval of the Commission to operate as an approved collecting society for musical works where it sought to invalidate this provision.

Is there such similar provision in the copyright law in your jurisdiction? Are there any judicial decisions on or interpreting this provision or relating it to other legislations such as the constitution in your jurisdiction?

How justifiable is such a provision in the light of international copyright treaties particularly the TRIPS Agreement and the Berne Convention?

Big publication houses earn huge profit by using paywalls for the access of articles by exploiting the copyright laws. On the other hand, the paywalls significantly deprive the researchers from countries with poor resources from accessing the latest research articles. The articles are written by the authors for the dissemination of knowledge and progress of science overall for the advancement of current knowledge. More readers also potentially mean more citations. Why can not the access to knowledge be free (or affordable) for all?

In the United Kingdom, copyright law now provides an exception that allows researchers to make copies of works for text and data analysis. I understand this is based on the Hargreaves Review, but is there any

1) ex ante or ex post impact assessments of the exception or 

2) academic literature on its concordance with the three-step-test?

I'm interested in the cases of linguistic similarity between trademarks, especially in the european field. This kind of similarity consists in translating a trademark into a foreign word with a same meaning, or using a foreign word which spelling or pronunciation is very close to those of the first one. Of course, we must verify the identity or similarity of the goods or services covered by the trademarks in the same country. Moreover, consumers must be able to understand both of the languages in the case of a similar meaning.

I've found several examples of that kind of similarity in Europe.

What do you know about it ?

Thanks !

Philippe

French copyright law grants a right of posthumous publication for non-published works. This right belongs to the right owners or successors of the author during the 70 years following the year of his death. Beyond this period, this right belongs to the person who just owns a tangible copy of the work and invests in its publication. In that case, this right is granted for 25 years.

It is important to remember that the work shall have never been displayed to the public. In a recent case, a French Court decided that the discoverers of prehistoric paintings were not entitled to this right, because such works have already been displayed at least 23000 years ago !

Is there a similar right in your copyright Law ? Do you have any examples of its use ?

Thanks.

Philippe

I'm working on the economic impact of illegal downloading on the music market, and I've read a lot of things about the digital copyright millenium act and its application : the Napster case. The first was enacted in 1998 and the latter took place between 2000 and 2002. Could it be related to the crash of the internet economy which happened in the 2000s (the "dot com" crash) ?

Thank you in advance for your answers.

Respectfully, A.Baumann.

Can any author add his publications files in social networks such as ResearchGate, LinkedIn, etc?

What about the copyright?

.

how is weak copyright laws impacting music industry in India?

How should I use ( I mean the guidelines ) and how should I cite ( I mean how to write the source) a picture or diagram from any website without violating the copy rights? Thank you.

This right has been enshrined in Canadian Copyright Act since 1988. It has also been judicially enforced in France. Unfortunately, it still remains not applied in many cases. The main trouble, for the artists, is to deal with the owner of the support of the work.

'Published' means different things to different people. Normally, a common feature is that the work has to have been disseminated or made public. A conference presentation may have been delivered to a gathering of 2000 people, but perhaps 500 hear an oral presentation and only a handful may actually engage with a poster.  Opportunities for copying, taking notes etc - lots of countries definitions have different requirements for a work to be considered 'published'.

In the following examples, how do you apply a legal definition of 'published' ?

If you have references to your legal definition, so much the better !

My project is based on analysis the previous researchers' data and observations, and develop a physically based constitutive equations, when I come to write up my thesis I find that I do not know how to reference or do I need to obtain the copyright? How to obtained it? Does anyone have similar experience?

Copyright or patent?

Although created more than four decades ago, the so-called “three-step test" has grown in importance over the last years since it began to be used in response to the abuse of the copyright exceptions in the digital context. After being initially confined to exceptions to the reproduction right, its scope was later extended to other rights and limitations.

However, unlike other mechanisms for assessment and adequacy of rights in apparent conflict, the formula of the “three-step test” came without a prior legal reference which helps determine its shape clearly. Given this lack of substance and genealogy, the rule has come to be construed and used in a well diverse, even contradictory, way by the authorities who have made decisions regarding the legitimacy of certain exceptions in the digital context.

In my PhD Thesis in Italy, I developed a software, which is released as GPL on sourceforge.net. Now, the University (through my advisor) asks me to put this software on a workstation, owned by the University, due to legal reasons. They claim they have some rights on this software, supported by the University. I received a grant. Is this normal? For me, this operation is completely pointless, since it is released under GPL?

Now, the question: which license do you apply to a software in this situation? Would you release publicly a PhD software?

How do we select which schemes require high/low code length & bandwidth.