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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - Science topic

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The wood of the endangered tree species Paubrasilia echinata (previously Caesalpinia echinata), has traditionally been used for making string instrument bows. Currently, there is a discussion about how best to conserve this species. In particular, there is an initiative to upgrade its international conservation status on CITES, which would lead restriction of Brazilwood trading . Bow makers and related industries are presently lobbying against the CITES upgrade. I find it difficult to obtain unbiased, objective information on how to best address this problem from a conservation perspective. Can anyone please comment? Many thanks,
Thomas
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Against the background of the obviously critical population situation of the species and the fact that - as far as I understand it correctly - there has been no substantial improvement over the last decades, it seems to me that it is appropriate to suspend the trade. At the same time, those who are locally dependent on the wood product should be supported structurally and financially in order to rebuild tree populations of the species in the medium and long term that will later be suitable for economic exploitation again. This may be the case in 30, 60 or 120 years. The decisive factor for that point in time is that the conservation status of the tree species has significantly improved.
This is just an opinion, I am not personally involved with work on this tree species or similar cases.
I understand that the background and interrelationships are otherwise complex and should certainly be taken into account (see Lichtenberg et al 2022). However, this should not affect the basic decision to protect the species.
Lichtenberg, S., E. Huber-Sannwald, J. Reyes-Agüero, D. Anhuf, and U. Nehren. 2022. Pau-brasil and string instrument bows
telecouple nature, art, and heritage. Ecology and Society 27(1):32. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13047-270132
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I am planning on bringing some plant material (leaves of carnivorous plants) from Ireland to the UK, the leaves will be stored in buffer/ silica.
One of the plants is CITES listed I know I will need the permit for that but I am unclear what if any phytosanitary/ other permits or certificates I will need to bring the leaves over. Most of what I read on government websites talks about bringing in live material or restricted plant parts (goods requiring prior notice).
If anyone with more experience with this can help me with a list of what I should make sure I have filled in that would be greatly appreciated.
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I would recommend that you contact the Horticultural and Plant Health Division of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) (In Ireland) and Centre for International Trade (Foss House) Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), a branch of Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (In the United Kingdom). Each agency is involved in the process and certification of moving plant material and potential consequences of this. If you provide each agency (via their contacts pages) with information about what you intend to send they will provide you with the appropriate documentation and permits that you might need. You'd also need letters of recommendation or similar from the company/institution/department that you're sending from and is expected to receive it while doing the actual shipping process.
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Any paper about the relation between butterfly lifecycle and temperature will be very helpful, please let me know
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Dear Alex Naveen Prasad Alex I also suggest like Tharindu Ranasinghe follow the attached link below, you may get some related information
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Hi,
we decided to go back to our origins and relaunched the Parrot Researchers Group. The mission of the Parrot Researchers Group (PRG; formerly known also as Working Group Psittaciformes or as Research Coordination Committee on Parrots) group is to establish and promote research needs and priorities, with particular attention to regional conservation strategies to the parrots of the world. To achieve this, the PRG
1) Promotes parrot research,
2) Establishes research needs and priorities, with particular attention to regional conservation strategies,
3) Identifies and addresses barriers to effective research and conservation of parrots (Psittaciformes).
The PRG is characterised by a regional approach, being organised in four regions (African, Australasian, Neotropical, and Indo-Malayan), a Wild Parrot Veterinary Section, and a Secretary Office that coordinates joint work.
You can read more about our specific objectives in our homepage:
or in the attachment.
We (405 members to date) are currently looking for more researchers to join the group. If you are interested, please, get in touch with me or any of the regional coordinators.
Any questions?
Looking forward to work together.
All the best, JUAN
Dr. Juan F. Masello
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics
Personal information, projects and publications
Burrowing Parrots & behavioural ecology
Penguins & energy landscapes
Prions & evolution
The Alliance of World Scientists
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Hi, thank you for your message. I've just sent you instructions per e-mil. Please, let me know any questions. Looking forward! Cheers, JUAN
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Trade in wild-caught birds is big business. Most data on which species are traded and in what volumes comes from CITES. But the CITES Appendices do not cover all traded bird species, e.g. it does not cover the common waxbill Estrilda astrild.
Is there any information about how much of the total bird trade that CITES covers, especially with regards to taxonomic identity of species covered or not?
Suggestions and pointers much appreciated!
Diederik
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This is a good question I can answer about the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus). You can buy this bird in Russia, there are organizations that contribute to this. For example, following the link
Russia loses dozens of pairs of these birds every year.
You can read about the international turnover of fauna objects in this book.
True, it is in Russian
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Hello Everyone,
O hope you all are doing good during this rough period.
Please can someone kindly introduce me to CITES permit procedures for scientific use of threatened species?
I have to sample from some countries for studying genetic and isotopic composition in their meat.
I am PhD student in an University registered as a scientific institution associated to the CITES.
Thank you.
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Please check the above link
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Saiu a publicação, na Phytotaxa, de uma espécie nova de Acianthera, descrita por um grupo da Rep. Tcheca. Segundo o artigo, o holótipo é um material em meio líquido em Praga - PRC (não há isótipos), e foi adquirido de uma empresa, a "BR Orquídeas company". A planta é, aparentemente, proveniente do Brasil, mas de localidade desconhecida. Do ponto de vista taxonômico e nomenclatural, eu não vejo problema, embora entenda que estamos em 2019 e, portanto, os autores deveriam depositar, no mínimo, um isótipo em algum herbário do Brasil. Por outro lado, do ponto de vista da lei brasileira, isso não seria biopirataria? Eu não sei quais foram as circunstâncias da "comercialização" destas plantas, e é até possível que esta tenha sido efetuada de acordo com a legislação brasileira.; neste caso, não seria recomendável que os autores registrassem isso, de alguma forma, no artigo? Entra lei, sai lei, nós vivemos atrás de licenças, sistemas, fiscalizações e sanções, mas a "BR Orquídeas" comercializa plantas de uma família que está no CITES? E essas plantas viram tipos em trabalhos de taxonomia?
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Dear Daniel,
Since you seem familiar with this kind of trade, would ou please explain to us how these plants are priced?
(1) The buyer know that there is someone selling. The one selling must advertise his product, in order to find buyers. This is people exchanging things. It is a market. Is there a site where this kind of product is advertised?
(2) If there is not an open market, then how is the approach, from the seller to the buyer? Is it "hi my friend, I have a new species, do you wanna buy?". I do not believe that these guys do not know whether the species is new, or where it comes from. And they certainly know that their trade is illegal, and that's why they do not disclose the origin of the plant. And that's why this article mentions only "Brazil", and we do not know whether the plant is from Mata Atlantica (I bet it is...), from the north or from the south...
(3) If the species is new, is it more expensive than a plant that already has a name? And that's precisely why I think that the seller know that it is new (he is in the trade to make money, then if the plant is more rare, he earns more money... and is there a plant that is more rare than an undescribed one?). Then, if this is a profitable commerce, is it too much to imagine "new species hunters" roaming in what Mata Atlantica is left?
Another thing: exporting endangered species (i.e., plants listed in CITES) from Brazil without permission is illegal. Since it is illegal, then yes, it may be called biopiratary. There is a trade, the trade is illegal, and the person selling the plants is a criminal - unless I am completelly wrong, and "BR Orquídeas" has the permits and all the selling process is perfectly clean... But then, why the authors did not include these permits in the article? Isn't it strange?
I am not police, and nor a prosecutor, then I am not interested in denouncing the people that is selling, despite the fact that this is obviously wrongdoing. What I cannot understand is a scientist that think this is OK.
Finally, there is a piece of high montane atlantic forest a few kilometers from the city I live. I remember going there 20 years ago, and the tree trunks were full of marvelous red Sophronitis. It was a show. Nowadays, you cannot find a single one. And that's the product of the trade you seem to agree with. I am sorry if you dont think that this is a problem.
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I discovered that many authors include the name of the software they used in their methodology while others do not.
I want to know your thoughts, if it is necessary for one to mention the name of the statistical software (package) in an academic report (thesis, project, journal paper etc) used in running the analysis?
Please, if possible support your answer with a reasons.
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Hi there,
I agree with the message above! In addition to that, especially for R packages and free softwares, it is always nice to mention the authors possibly with a citation, if that's available! This way the author(s) will be acknowledged too. Beside the obvious intent of providing enough info for repeatability, you also acknowledge the work of the people allowing you to do your work,which is fair and ethical..
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Digitization: legal issues such as copyright, national laws, international agreements (CBD, Nagoya Protocol, CITES, etc.) for an article.
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This project is completed. The article will appear in I believe the August issue of BioScience.
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I represent a company supplying tonewood to the acoustic guitar industry. With recent CITES restrictions, there is a great deal of interest in substitutions for Dalbergia, which is currently a leading choice of guitar makers for the backs and sides of the guitar family of instruments.
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Sorry, I dont the master of gitars.
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Species of poison dart frogs (Anura, Dendrobatidae) occur from Central America to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, and all are included in the CITES's Appendix II. Many of these species are also placed in the IUCN Red List, often clasified in categories from VU to CR.
Since 1985, Dendrobates spp. (= Dendrobates sensu lato, including today's Oophaga, Ranitomeya, and Andinobates ?) and Phyllobates spp. are also protected by local Colombian law act (INDERENA No. 39 of 9 July 1985). Do you know if there are any other law acts from other Central and/or South American countries which protect these (any?) species in particular regions/countries? If yes, can you provide me names of such acts?
Thank you in advance for your kind help.
Best regards,
Radomir
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Hello Radomir:
In this list of endangered species of amphibians from Colombia you can find information about the poison dart frogs.
and the resolution that protect them ( Res. 0192 de 2014) Ministerio del Medio Ambiente
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Helo fellow researchers.
I would please like to more on in-mouth shear rates during oral processing of foods for infants in the 3 age-ranges above (6-24 months). Please do advise if there is scientifically verified informaton, or documented in literature relating the rheology of infant foods. Most literature cites shear rates of 10-100/s for chewing and swallowing but inspite of individual differences and a host of other variables, we know that oral food processing in humans evolve and vary with age, even for the three infant age groups. 
I am working on visco-elastic modelling of infant foods with a view to optimize the flow properties, sensory and protein-energy density for better infant nutrition. I therfore think that more accurate, age-specific in-mouth shear rates become critical in that regard for the design of appropriate experiments.
Thanks
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I am doing a dissertation at Uni on the trade in Heosemys spinosa so any data on trade or populations that you can provide me with me would be gratefully received. I naturally have the CITES trade data. Thanks.
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Hi Karen, Mark here, tried to contact you via your email but failed - did you leave Brooke? did you finalize your dissertation on Heosemys spinosa? Anything published from it? Greatly appreciate your reply....best by email; mark.auliya@ufz.de...Best wishes, Mark
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The shift in production of Crocodilian skins from all wild harvests in the early 1980s to captive breeding and ranching in the late 1990's is often hailed as a massive conservation success.
However recent data shows that since 2004, wild harvests have massively increased to around 400,000 in 2012, whilst ranching has fallen to around 50,000 and captive breeding remained around 900,000. 
Does anyone know why this is as I have struggled to find an answer in the literature? Focus seems to be on the trade pre 1999 before wild harvests began to increase again.
Thanks
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Interesting question. Perhaps there were multitude factors influencing supply and demand. You refer to precise timing for "the global recession" but perhaps there were earlier economic changes in various countries where wild harvests increased. And/or the methods for detecting wild harvests might have been enhanced? Likely accuracy of estimates might not be comparable for the three categories Presumably a huge challenge to quantify trade (often illegal) of wild harvested skins and not necessarily easy for captive and ranching categories. Good luck with teasing out the details.
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CITES permits are required when moving specimens of listed species internationally, e.g. between labs for analysis. However, there appears to be little mention of such permits in published papers (declaration that sampling permission was granted by national authorities is often included however).
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I agree with Chris Witt. We as peer reviewers, editors, etc. shouldn't routinely ask for CITES permits, as it regulates TRADE. Science is collateral damage, and most inter-museum transfers are actually technically exempt. And you can't transfer anything that wasn't legally obtained.
What I DO write, and this is almost mandatorily required by journals today is a listing in the Methods of all of our collecting permits and Animal Care permits (IACUC) by permit number.
Then, separately, in the acknowledgments, I thank the agencies BY NAME. Here in Panama, we are required to submit copies of our papers, in order to renew our permits. And I think that it is very important to acknowledge those agencies' ongoing support of scientific collection. I must admit, that after 12 years of working here, it's gotten easier, as we've built up a lot of mutual trust.
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I would like to ship autochthonous plants and soils from EU and non-EU countries to Spain for experimental purposes. Is there many regulations to do this? Is it actually possible? Thank you.
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You might find these pages helpful:
Assuming they are not CITES listed, a Photosanitary Certificate is usually required.