Contraceptives - Science topic

This study aimed to identify factors associated with the use of modern contraceptive service among rural married women of reproductive age in Myanmar. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 648 married women aged 18-49 years (4 townships with the lowest contraceptive prevalence (n=316) and 4 townships with the highest prevalence (...

Andrea Bidoli argues that ectogestation could be seen as an emancipatory intervention for women. Specifically, she claims that ectogestation would create unique conditions to reevaluate one's reproductive preference, address certain specific negative social implications of gestation and childbirth, and that it is unfair to hold ectogestation to a h...

Recibido: 22/04/2024 Aprobado: 12/12/2024 Resumen Introducción: Es importante que las mujeres con cáncer, especialmente las más jóvenes, reciban asesoramiento sobre anticoncepción antes y después del tratamiento. No obstante, sólo una minoría entre los profesionales de la salud (más a menudo enfermeras profesionales) ha sido capacitado para discuti...

Limited evidence exists on audit and feedback(A&F) in low-resource contexts. We tested the Integrated District Evidence-to-Action (IDEAs), a multicomponent A&F strategy in Mozambique’s maternal and child health (MCH) services. IDEAs include A&F meetings, readiness assessments, and facility support. We report the effectiveness results. IDEAs were im...

Background Modern contraceptive prevents unwanted pregnancy and play a paramount role in birth spacing and improving health care costs for the individual, family, community, and the country at large. However, there is limited evidence on the modern contraceptive utilization of rural women in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the spatial d...

Background Women in urban slums are particularly susceptible due to a lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and abortion is frequently performed. Our study investigates the level and predictors of SRH knowledge among the reproductive-aged women who have had abortions and lived in urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods We...

Objective This study was conducted to determine the effects of family planning education given to married illiterate women of reproductive age via visual material support on their family planning attitudes and contraceptive preferences. Method The randomized controlled study was carried out between 31 January and 31 July 2023. The sample of the st...

I examine the impact of an oral contraceptive recall and the news of resulting pregnancies in Chile on contraceptive choice among women aged 15–25. Using an event study approach, I compare changes in contraceptive use by women residing in areas (comunas) with a government pharmacy, who are more likely to only be offered the recalled brand of birth...

Background: Family planning is a vital public health initiative aimed at enhancing reproductive health and ensuring sustainable population growth. Despite advancements, knowledge gaps persist, particularly in underserved areas, leading to misconceptions about contraceptive methods. Klik KB, a mobile application by BKKBN, has shown potential in impr...

In this paper, the term childhood denotes the ontogenetic developmental stage of weaned mammal infants who are still helpless and need to be nurtured and protected for survival. Human infants have a pronounced childhood phase in contrast to great apes. For a hominin model scenario proposed here, it will be argued that upright bipedal locomotion fac...

Governments in low- and middle-income countries increasingly recognize their role as stewards of mixed health systems comprising both public and private actors, but policy often lacks a nuanced understanding of how individuals switch between these two sectors for their healthcare needs, especially for family planning (FP) and maternal, newborn and...

This study investigates the intrinsic relationship between intimate partner violence and contraceptive use among currently married, non-pregnant women in India. The fifth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-V) data conducted during the year 2019–202 has been used. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression have been used to ex...

Background: Contraception aims to prevent unintended pregnancies, significantly impacting maternal and infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Ethiopia. This study investigates factors influencing modern contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods: We analyzed the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Surve...

The objectives of this guideline are the same as those of the 2011 edition, namely to provide evidence-based normative guidance on interventions to improve adolescent morbidity and mortality by reducing the chances of early pregnancy and its resulting poor health outcomes. The specific objectives of the guideline were to: 1. identify effective inte...

Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Contraceptive Self-Efficacy in Women in Sub-Saharan Africa (CSESSA) scale. Background:Contraceptive self-efficacy is a crucial predictor of utilization of modern contraceptive methods. However, the existing tools for comprehensively assessing contraceptive s...

The number of unmet needs for contraception has not reached the target set by the Indonesian government, while the uneven distribution of health workers, the main source of information for contraception, is still an unresolved problem. The Internet serves as an alternative source of information for contraception selection. However, without personal...

Introduction: There has been an increasing concern that the vaccination against the novel COVID19 disease is likely to provoke various side effects for the general population including menstrual cycle dysfunctions for women in the reproductive age. There are some risk factors that enhance the possibility for post-vaccine implications on the menstru...

Introduction: The number of IUD contraceptive users has declined, influenced by factors such as anxiety. Individuals with anxiety experience psychological distress, necessitating complementary therapy. Alternative treatments include ylang-ylang aromatherapy and Slow Deep Breathing. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ylang-ylang arom...

In India, women of reproductive age constitute of 22.2% of the total population. In tribal areas there are disparity in maternal health care utilization, lack of accessibility to safe menstrual health, malnutrition, and low contraceptive usage. This research will aim to study the utilization of healthcare schemes among tribal reproductive-age group...

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as pregnancies between 10–19 years, poses significant health risks, particularly in Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Early pregnancies are associated with various complications, including preterm labor and perinatal deaths. In India, despite a decline in the per...

Purpose: Kenya has several policies to promote male participation in family planning, but data on male contraceptive use by male respondents is scanty. Available reports indicate that utilization of male contraceptives in Bungoma County to be less than 1%. This has been linked to high maternal deaths in Bungoma County. Limited male contraceptive ch...

Background Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is an effective strategy for preventing early and unintended pregnancies, which contribute to various social, economic, and health challenges in low- and middle-income countries, including Tanzania. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of modern contraceptive...

Background Globally, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major public health problem. STIs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries due to their effects on reproductive and child health and their role in spreading HIV infection. This study ' to determine the factors associated with STIs among wom...

Background Studies on contraceptive use and intervention to address unwanted pregnancies and population growth have been mostly focused on the female population. Limited research has focused on the male population. This study, therefore, investigates the knowledge of contraceptives and profiles the determinant factors for use among men in Oyo State...

Unintended pregnancy remains a significant public health issue globally, with sub-Saharan Africa experiencing a particularly severe burden. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy across 35 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys (n = 373,298). U...

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income (LMICs) countries, influenced by factors like early marriage, low education, rural residence, poverty, limited contraceptive use, and sociocultural norms. Therefore, this study aims to assess the patterns and socio-economic determinants of adolescent pre...

Background In Ghana, while coverage of demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (mDFPS) has increased, substantial inequalities persist across demographic and geographic factors. This study aims to assess mDFPS trends from 2013 to 2022, with a focus on inequalities related to residence, education, and wealth, and identifying the deter...

Aim To describe practice nurse long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) knowledge and practices. Design Cross‐sectional survey. Methods Between July and December 2021, we conducted an online survey using convenience sampling to recruit Australian nurses who work in primary care, known as practice nurses. We collected data about demographics an...

Contraceptive Implants have been proven to be very effective hormonal birth control devices. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of uptake of implants among women of reproductive age in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos Nigeria. It was a retrospective analysis of BHUTH family planning unit records between January...

Nutritional status during this period, especially in women of childbearing age, is influenced by several things, including the use of contraceptives. Side effects of using contraception include excess weight gain which can cause various diseases. Meanwhile, long-term impacts for families who do not use contraception can be in the form of increasing...

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence and factors contributing to the misuse of emergency contraceptives among female university students, as well as the associated health implications. Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed methods approach was employed, including an electronic survey of 7,356 female students and ten focus group discussion...

Rural communities, in the United States, often have limited access to reproductive services and information about reproductive health. This study aimed to better understand first sexual experiences for girls in rural Missouri. Factors that were explored included age, consent, and contraceptive use during their first sexual experience. These results...

Background Religious leaders (RLs) form an influential group in Eswatini. This study explores their understanding and acceptance of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), with a view to improve PrEP service delivery for those who would benefit from PrEP the most. Methods We conducted online and in-person in-depth interviews with (n=26) purposefully sele...

Pregnancy is usually a God blessings and welcome development when it occurs at the appropriate time during wedlock and among couples in marriage. On the contrary, it may trigger a serious health, social and economic consequences if it occurs unintended, outside of wedlock or during the adolescent’s secondary schools. The study explored prevalence o...

Background: India became the first country to implement a national population control programme in 1952, yet it is only in the recent decades that the country’s population growth has been effectively controlled. While use of contraceptives in India is at par with usage data internationally, yet there is scope for further improvement in contraceptiv...

Unintended pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), and any pregnancy among adolescent girls are still a challenge, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda. We assess prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Uganda, associated factors and contraceptive use following unintended pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women in 2...

\papertype Original Article Background: Contraceptive use in Somaliland is exceptionally low. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of any contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) to inform family planning strategies. Methods: We analyzed data from 8,681 women using the 2020 Somaliland Health and Demographic...

Nigeria is facing significant challenges in terms of population growth and maternal mortality rates, which are among the highest in the world. The unmet need for family planning is a critical public health issue in Nigeria, significantly impacting maternal and child health outcomes. Despite global advancements in reproductive health, rural Nigerian...

Background Long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods (LARC/PM) with high efficacy and continuity of use are highly effective pregnancy prevention methods. However, most sexually active women do not use it and end up with unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions in Bangladesh. This study aims to assess the prevalence of LARC/PM u...

This study discusses the conflict between Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning the provision of contraceptives for students with the principles contained in the Child Marriage Law and the National Education System in Indonesia. Although this policy aims to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, the...

Climate change poses growing challenges to women’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH), yet little is known about how climatic shocks impact contraceptive use. This study examines the effects of dry shocks (i.e., rainfall deficits), on contraceptive utilization in Vietnam. The findings indicate that women exposed to dry shocks in the past 12 month...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly permeated clinical domains, including reproductive medicine, where its applications span from gamete assessment to population-level epidemiology. The convergence of machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision has enabled novel diagnostic, predictive, and decision-su...

Background: Receptor study for carcinoma breast is now a common practice before neoadjuvant therapy. Human Epidermalgrowth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression acts as a predictive marker of tumor aggressiveness.Objective: To determine the association of HER-2 overexpression in relation to tumor size and stage of breast carcinoma.Materials and M...

Background Asylum-seeking women have an increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual and gender-based violence, unwanted pregnancies, maternal illness and death. This study examined sexual and reproductive health issues among asylum-seeking women in Finland in 2018. The acceptability of asking questions on sexual health was also evaluate...

Background Following the armed conflict in Tigray, the health system collapsed and routine health services were interrupted. However, after the Pretoria peace agreement, various health -related interventions aimed at recovery were implemented. Despite these efforts, little is known about the current status of child health services, including immuni...

Postpartum contraception is a critical intervention to address the unmet need for family planning, which affects over 218 million women globally, predominantly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Immediate postpartum family planning (PPFP) offers a unique opportunity to provide contraception during a crucial health‐seeking encounter, parti...

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and knowledge of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) among pregnant women attending Kumasi South Hospital in Asokwa Municipality, Ghana. An institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1, 2022, to April 1, 2023. A structured questionnaire was administered to 190 pregn...

Background Several risk factors contributing to pregnancy outcomes among young women have been witnessed. It is well established that contraception plays a foremost role in reducing maternal mortality, obviously linked to pregnancy outcomes. Little is known about the impact of contraception uptake on pregnancy outcomes in the Indian context. Thus,...

Background Although the underlying mechanism of the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on blood pressure (BP) remains unclear, previous research showed that OCs are associated with an increased risk of elevated BP. This study aims to analyze the association between OCs and the risk of prehypertension and hypertension in women of reproductive age i...

Intravesical migration is a rare complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs). We present a case of intravesical migration of IUCD which led to formation of symptomatic large calculus with the aim to create clinical awareness about this rare diagnosis for common urological symptoms. A 35-year-old lady presented with long standing LUTS...

Background Advance Family Planning (AFP) is a global engagement initiative to expand access to quality contraceptive information, services and supplies by fostering policy pledge and investment. Since it was launched in 2009 the initiate was implemented in ten countries. In India, this program was implemented in 42 districts across six states durin...

Introduction Contraceptive use may affect women’s nutritional status through birth spacing, parity, age at first birth, menstruation changes, and increased income. To inform the integration of family planning with nutrition interventions, we synthesised evidence linking the use of family planning to nutritional outcomes in women of reproductive age...

Maternal mortality remains a significant global concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, underscored by its inclusion in Sustainable Development Goal 3.1. Cameroon faces substantial challenges, with a maternal mortality rate of 438 per 100,000 live births as of 2023. Family planning is a crucial strategy for mitigating maternal and infant morta...

Decision making in contraceptive use is influenced by various psychological factors, including anxiety about the negative effects of contraception and individual personality characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of anxiety about the negative effects of contraception and the personality dimension of conscientiousness on decision mak...

Understanding reasons for treatment switching is of significant medical interest, but these factors are often only found in unstructured clinical notes and can be difficult to extract. We evaluated the zero-shot abilities of GPT-4 and eight other open-source large language models (LLMs) to extract contraceptive switching information from 1964 clini...

Background Contraceptive use is fundamental to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.7. Given the low prevalence of modern contraceptive use, understanding socioeconomic and area-based inequality in the use of modern contraceptives is essential to address disparities among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Tanzania. Therefore, this stud...

Introduction This study assessed the effect of an intervention on adolescents’ attitudes towards condom use, contraceptive use, unsafe abortion, and intimate partner violence in urban and rural communities in Southeast Nigeria. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in twelve (12) communities purposively selected from six (6) local governmen...

Background/Objectives: Seminolipid (sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG)) is abundantly present on the sperm surface and its roles in sperm–egg interaction are well-documented. SGG liposomes have direct affinity for the zona pellucida (ZP), the egg extracellular matrix. SGG is also integral to the formation of sperm lipid rafts, which are platforms on...

Preventable complications related to early adolescent childbearing continue to be a major contributor to maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating targeted interventions. Despite the high burden of early adolescent childbearing in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited pooled evidence on its prevalence and determinants in high maternal...

Background and Objectives: Contraceptive education may influence reproductive health outcomes, foster greater sexual autonomy, and improve mental well-being. The current study investigated the efficacy of a structured contraceptive counseling program on reproductive health knowledge, sexual autonomy, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among Romanian...

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections pose a significant global health challenge, particularly among women, as high-risk HPV strains are the leading cause of cervical cancer. In Zambia, limited data exist on HPV vaccine uptake among students. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of the HPV vaccine and associated f...

In 2021, nearly 66 of every 1,000 adolescent girls ages 15–19 in the Dominican Republic gave birth. Adolescent mothers face health disparities including increased risk for rapid repeat pregnancy and lower breastfeeding rates. Mobile health (mHealth) is a growing approach for reaching adolescents. FAMA (Fortaleciendo la Autodeterminación de Madres A...

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant health issue for adolescents, particularly in resource-limited settings. This case report presents a 19-year-old adolescent with a septic sexually transmitted ulcerative vulval lesion, highlighting the challenges in managing STIs in this demographic. Management and Outcome: She wa...

Hormonal‐induced water retention during the menstrual cycle (MC) may affect the estimates of body composition (BC) parameters depending on the MC phase if tissue hydration or volume is part of the BC analysis equations. Given this, MC phase‐dependent changes of BC parameters might be expected within females for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA...

Background: Emergency contraception (EC), one of the recent advances in family planning, describes a class of birth control methods that, when administered within specified time frames following unprotected sexual activity, can stop an unintended pregnancy. Its value in preventing unplanned pregnancy among adolescents, especially in a developing co...

Background Despite high rates of early marriage and adolescent childbearing in Indonesia—which increase risks for both maternal and child health—family planning efforts largely focus on birth spacing or limiting the number of children. Few programs specifically address the reproductive needs of ever-married women who wish to prevent or delay their...

Background Post sexual-based violence (SBV) services are crucial for mitigating SBV-induced consequences. However, these services are reportedly rare and often underutilized, particularly by young women in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to accessing post-SBV services among young women (18–24 years) att...

The provision of contraceptives for school-age children and adolescents is a complex issue, especially related to legal and social aspects. This study analyzes government policies regarding the provision of contraceptives in this age group based on Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 which implements Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The polic...

Menstrual health remains an under-researched domain within the broader scope of women’s health and technology. Commonly experienced menstrual symptoms—such as pain, cramps, bloating, and emotional discomfort—are typically managed using contraceptives or painkillers, which provide only temporary relief and fail to promote innovation in the area of m...

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with a rising incidence in young, premenopausal patients. For those diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC, tamoxifen is a cornerstone of adjuvant endocrine therapy, significantly reducing recurrence risk and improving long-term survival. However, its prolonged us...

Maternal health remains a major global concern, with pregnancy and childbirth being leading causes of morbidity and mortality among reproductive-age women. Recently postpartum women represent a group with particularly high unmet contraceptive needs. To reduce the risk of adverse maternal, prenatal, and infant outcomes, the recommended interval betw...

Purpose: To investigate prescription for therapeutic purposes of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in countries of the PRO-E2 study, with a special focus on Italy. Methods: Therapeutic reasons for prescription of COCs currently approved with no therapeutic the sole contraceptive indication, such as associations of nomegestrol acetate plus oestrad...

Bojonegoro Regency is a 30% contributor to national oil, this certainly affects the regional budget with the highest ranking in Indonesia in 2022. but with this high regional income has not been able to reduce the poverty rate at 10%, this is due to several influencing factors. This research investigates the role of sustainable development policies...

Emergency Contraception (EC) ease of use and awareness is still deficient. Nursing students are the mainstay of the prospective healthcare structure. Therefore, the present study was carried out to judge the knowledge, attitudes, and knowledge of practice concerning the utilization of emergency contraceptive tablets as a way of abstinence among fem...

Background Contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child health, promote economic stability, and empower women. Despite global progress in family planning, Somalia faces unique challenges due to cultural, economic, and infrastructural barriers, resulting in low contraceptive use. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of...

Ethiopia encounters significant socio-cultural barriers to contraceptive use, affecting maternal health, poverty reduction, and women's empowerment. With a fertility rate of 4.6 children per woman and only 25.9% of women of reproductive age intending to use contraceptives, significant challenges remain. This policy brief analyzes data from the 2016...

Introduction Employment is an important indicator for economic stability, wellbeing and quality of life. The analyses examined two aspects of employment among males in Jordan: (1) socio-demographic factors associated with workforce participation among males and (2) association of workforce participation status with select socio-developmental outcom...

Background Previous research has found self-efficacy is associated with reproductive health behaviors and outcomes. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the relationship between barriers accessing contraception and self-efficacy. In addition, existing population-level metrics of contraceptive access tend to focus on method availability...

Background Women’s high-risk fertility behavior, marked by short birth intervals, higher birth order, and early maternal age at childbirth, has been scientifically proven to have detrimental health effects on both the mother and child. Despite the recognized consequences, there is a limited body of research examining the factors that contribute to...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous condition that is estimated to effect up to 21% of reproductive aged people with ovaries. In previous work, a dataset of PCOS features was derived from approximately 100,000 PCOS subreddit users via machine learning. In this study, an exploration of treatment response within the PCOS subreddit was...

Contraception is the set of methods used to prevent pregnancy. To reduce the number of unplanned pregnancies, access to these methods is essential, as is the respect for contraceptive autonomy. High unplanned pregnancy rates reveal a failure to control the reproductive process and points to a public health problem, leading to a series of problems r...

Objectives Contraception remains a key topic in societal and political debates. Since most research focuses on female adolescents, there is a gap in understanding adult perspectives and sex differences in contraceptive responsibility, satisfaction, and knowledge. Theater-based research, which fosters engagement and open discussions, offers a novel...

Background: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is widely used as a predictor of ovarian reserve. Although increased body weight is associated with reduced fertility, the relationship between Body Mass index (BMI) and AMH remains inconclusive, limiting its accurate interpretation. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association between serum AM...

Introduction Prior research suggested that liberation of abortion laws in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was associated with fewer abortion complications and deaths. However, few studies have examined the association of abortion law liberalization with modern contraceptive use and fertility rates among women in SSA. In this study, we assessed the impact...

Background Transactional sex has gained public health attention in recent times because of its contributions to sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnacy among young women in sub-Saharan Africa. However, empirical data on the extent of this practice are lacking in Ghana. This study therefore sought to provide baseline information on the...

Objective The prevalence of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia has increased in the past two decades. Despite these efforts, unmet needs for modern contraception persist, with limited knowledge on regional variations and determining factors. Method We analyzed data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) from 2000, 2005, 2011, 2...

Objectives: Young people in the university period, known as the transition phase from adolescence to adulthood, are at serious risk in terms of risky sexual behaviors (first sexual intercourse , use of contraceptives, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancy, maternal mortality, sexual violence). The fact that young people actively use s...

Objective: This research aims to understand the experience of vulnerability and empowerment among the contraceptive pill users. Method: Data were collected from interviews, WhatsApp and Facebook group texts, and analyzed from an interpretative perspective. Originality/Relevance: This study highlights an imbalanced market relationship in which both...

Objetivo: describir un caso de gigantomastia secundaria posterior al uso de un anticonceptivo subdérmico, así mismo, hacer una evaluación de la probable casualidad del implante como causa de esta condición. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años sin gestaciones previas, quien después de un mes de la inserción de un ant...