Context-Awareness - Science topic

I think both approaches are flawed because they start from an assumption that human behaviour is either rational or irrational. The truth of the matter is, as the article points out, that we're all a mixture of both. That being the case and with the the concept of normative itself being a variable, differing by influences of society, culture, education etc. then starting from either binary positions is going to have flawed modelling.

With typical behaviour modeled on repeatable conditions, they both have value, but for predicting behaviour in completely new situations, such as a global pandemic, they are simply too fixed. It's not 'either, all' it's 'either, or, if, else, and when' and starting from a position which balances the rational and irrational, rather than the idea of perfectly being one or the other.

He must understand the language and its literary formulations and how to transfer it to the new language without affecting its first literary purpose

I would suggest that research needs to be done on techniques of corruption of Generative AI by the introduction of malware that presents biased data to change the results incorporated by the AI "learning algorithms" in a malicious way, and so are able to bias the "training data" incorporated into generation of extensions to the analysis routines. It is concerning to me that most of the recent work I have seen seems to be concentrating on the "short term" result, and not very much is looking for "longer term" (i.e. the focus of Malware detection using Machine learning is on immediate detection and seems to be lacking consideration of an attack based on gradual corruption introduced over longer and even potentially asynchronous time periods)

Susmi Jacob here are some articles, that might be interesting for you.

Good luck!

look at:

Hope this helps... Its a good paper by Parker et al. 2007.

The following paper " A framework for systematically transforming and re-engineering syntactic legacy system process elements into semantic web services is required" might help you: https://www.academia.edu/24556422/SMISOS_ADDED_VALUE-A_SET_OF_STANDARD_TOOLS_FOR_WEB_3.0_AUTOMATED_PROCESS .

of course, as soon as we publish it (I hope in less than a month!).

Willy LJ Van Buggenhout Sir common sense reasoning refers to the use of commonly known or taken for granted truths of life used in the process of reasoning. For instance if there is a statement, "She sat on the river bank", we know that it does not refer to a monetary bank at or near the river and the lady in question is likely not a giant.

Context aware reasoning refers to taking into account the fact that depending on the context, text maybe interpreted differently. For example, "He spends a lot of time on Facebook fishing for likes". Likes are not fishes in this case because the presence of Facebook imposes a context of social media.

All my greeting for your response and for the document. I do understand. Ines.

Any modern language really depending on specific needs (performance, characteristics, etc.). Matlab is mostly for proof of concept, so I would prefer to use a real programming language. Python is currently very popular in research since it is easy to use and has a lot of good AI library. Nevertheless, it is easy to produce bad code in Python, so be careful.

Ambient aware systems are aware of their surrounding and the presence of people. Context aware systems can be location awareness, time of the day awareness or other. If the context is the surrounding, ambient and context aware are the same. However there is no clear distinction in the literature. Machine Learning refers to systems that can learn rules from data without being explicitly programmed. Context aware or ambient systems might be using machine learning, but not necessarily. May be this is of interest:

Hello Ankur Bang , the best languages for IoT applications are C, java and Python(1), and frameworks Elipse Kura, Node-RED and Flogo (2).

1. https://www.iotforall.com/2018-top-3-programming-languages-iot-development/

2. https://dzone.com/articles/3-best-iot-frameworks-for-beginners

metadata is a rich set of information, part of it is the contextual information of data, whether IoT or any other data collections.

In modern big data applications, data is more preferable to remain with native representations intact towards preserving any potential future value, so in order to link the data at hand with some contextual information we know about it, then we associate as metadata, preferably expressed with formalism (e.g. RDF) so that it is available as machine-readable. To this end, metadata can be utilized by context-aware applications (e.g. analytics) to efficiently process the data.

Hope this help :)

Your choice between VR and AR depends on whether the users will be in the place itself (then AR is suitable), or will be transported to somewhere else (then Vr is suitable).

Possibly you can use a virtual world setting that already exists e.g. the Engage platform.

Dear Brad,

Through the lens of functionalism, we can say that memory cannot be fully appreciated without understanding the context in which it was formed. This is not an easy question to explore; nevertheless, it is an important one. The nervous system, indeed the entire body, acts as an integrated whole. Therefore, memory must play an important role in maintaining the integrity of that whole. How memory was formed may implicitly or explicitly play a role in how and when it will be used. Context, hence, must play an important role.

This will be a meaningful dialogue to engage in and I hope to hear back from you. Please take a look at the meta-analytic study by Smith and Vela (2001), which I have attached so that we can use some shared language for future conversations.

Best wishes,

Micah

Well, it's upon you to protect yourself.

There will always be people either just crossing the line or directly trying to rob you.

They might be doing it for money directly, i.e. to collect these bucks one by one from as many people as they can. They can also be trying to rob you of your sensitive data, or to compromise your computer. They would then sell the data or access to the computer to others, who make big bucks on it.

There is no such thing as a lunch for free. Do not believe any of them ads and when you see them popping up on your screen, do the only reasonable thing - hit "Esc" or quit the browser, if it does not help. Do not touch anything in the popped-up window. Remember, do not touch it. Just kill it by any means.

Last, but not least, enable pop-up window blocking, disable tracing of your activity, disable Java script (you can always enable it on specific pages you deem secure), and install ad-blocker from a trusted source. If you wish to do even more, use some sort of safe browser, such as Tor.

Hi Ben

Cross-sectional or a follow-up study?

Anyhow, you can use regression (linear, since you have a continous dependent variable), but you need to choose one of them as a dependent variable and use the other one as a predictor/independent variable. Look up theory to help you decide.

Best

John-Kåre

Context aware systems are aware of and can react to the presence of people, situation awareness is the perception of the spacio-temporal context.

I think so , but I need to control any works  in progress  in Canada .

Best wishes!

Riccardo

Then watch out for dimensions I identified -- maybe, they will be helpful ))

User satisfaction.. this is key.. for whatever need they come to for your product.

See publications below if you are still interested in the topic.

Dear Paul,

Thank you for the response. I'll take it in consideration.

Thanks a lot Raul

Hi,

I am sure that you are aware that, in this especific case, Recommender Systems can be considered an area of application for context similarity measures.

With that in mind, i suggest you to start your readings with:

After that, take a look at:

I hope that i could help you.

You can see this paper:

Comparing context-aware recommender systems in terms of accuracy and diversity by  Umberto Panniello, Alexander Tuzhilin, Michele Gorgoglione.

@Harekrishna Misra, is there already a benchmark of services modeled with SERVEQUAL approach ?

The WEKA API (developed in Java) offers Bayesian Network implementations (K2, TAN) as well as several decision trees methods (ID3, J48, CART, etc.).

Okay, think about a cross-domain recommendation. For instance, you integrate your context-aware RS to recommend places, with user Twitter account. When a user check-in at a certain location (i.e. London King's Cross tube station) and he posts a tweet (i.e. "What a lonely day :( ") on his Twitter, there are two different useful information.

(emoji also describes user's emotions, but cross checking between emojis and user tweets is essential)

Hence, we know that the user is currently at the KC tube station and today probably not a good day for him. If he tries to find a place to go, after that, the RS should be able to recommend a place nearby that will make him happy (i.e. a coffee shop - this is actually based on my experience, I normally go to a coffee shop if I am angry, sad).

Hope it helps.

lala protege ko achay tareekay say dayk lo or google ostaz say apnay problems baghair kuch chpayay pocha karo.

Context awareness is not my focal area of interest. Thus I would not venture to name the seminal papers in this area.  However, I am compelled to mention that the concept of building context aware interfaces and efforts to address the design issues  may go as far back as the late 70s / early 80's (perhaps further).  During that period, US military human factors laboratories such as AFAMRL were exploring HMI methods to reduce pilot mental (cognitive) workload created by the complexities of new missions, weapons system capabilities and most importantly the veritable flood of new information that it was possible to deliver to the cockpit.  One of the key solutions first studied at that time was to optimize operator loading through a combination of adaptive displays and adaptive automation support.   Thus, the concept  was to provide displays could be reorganized, and receive filtered information and to introduce partial automation support (e.g. 1 axis of navigational control) based on contextual factors consisting of  current mission phase, threats detected, and the psychophysiological status of the pilot.   

To put it briefly, our recent technology developments have made context aware systems a more tangible reality.  However, current researchers and designers may find themselves reinventing the wheel" if they ignore early research conducted on the (non-technology dependent) problems of building context aware displays and automation supports that are effective in enhancing or maintaining human-machine system performance   

Time-aware concerns the user's visiting/rating etc. behavior influence during time periods.

The temporal effect concerns the user's visiting/rating etc. behavior that changes as time evolves. 

I rather think, this is what cognitive informatics would like to be, but luckily can never fulfill.

1. To start with, the definition of context is a difficult one. In my 2002 article http://tinyurl.com/Rohn2002 I suggested that as a minimum it is comprised of: Identity, Location, Time, and Activity.

2. There is a lot of literature about music in the context of driving. You may want to skim these resources:

Warren Brodsky's book has a list of quantifiable and measurable parameters for music categorization. http://aabgu.org/faculty-profile-dr-warren-brodsky-and-music-for-safer-driving/

See also http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&isbn=9781472411464&lang=cy-GB

van der Zwaag, M. D., Fairclough, S., Spiridon, E., & Westerink, J. H. D. M. (2011). The impact of music on affect during anger inducing drives. In S. D'Mello, A. Graesser, B. Schuller & J.-C. Martin (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Affective Computing And Intelligent Interaction, October 9-12 2011, Memphis, TN (USA) (pp. 407-416). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

 van der Zwaag, M. D., Janssen, J. H., Nass, C., Westerink, J. H. D. M., Chowdhury, S., & de Ward, D. (2013a). Using music to change mood while driving. Ergonomics, 56(10), 1504-1514.

Van der Zwaag, M., Dijksterhuis, C., de Waard, D., Mulder, B. L. J. M., Westerink, J. H. D. M., & Brookhuis, K. A. (2012). The influence of music on mood and performance while driving. Ergonomics, 55(1), 12-22.

Quick, D. (2011, November 10). Smart steering wheel gives a health check while driving. GizMag.  Retrieved 02/2014, from www.gizmag.com/smart-steering-wheel/20467/

Stomp, W. (2011, July 25). Toyota to integrate ECG sensors into steering wheel. medGadget.  Retrieved 02/2014, from www.medgadget.com/2011/07/toyota-to-integrate-ecg-sensors-into-steering-wheels.html

The biggest music database is The Echo Nest (http://developer.echonest.com/docs/v4).

Here you have an API and you are able to request all the metadata for a special song (e.g. beats per minute, genre, duration, valence, energy, ...). Otherwise you can request songs with special attributes, like genre = pop or beats per minute > 150. All you have to do is to request a developer key, which is for free for research purposes.

Here are some example queries:

Here you can find a paper about The Echo Nest: http://ismir2011.ismir.net/papers/OS6-1.pdf

Regards

Patrick

Hi,

Perhaps have a look at this book :-)

I would recommend the following:

Salem/Hi

ubiquity -> omnipresence: anywhere and anytime. Detect needs of a learner based on its characteristics: learning model, types of intelligence, navigation traces, emotion, intention, fatigue, perseverance, ... but also from the traces of others.

If only one student did not understand, simply bring the concept to him by another example. But if most learners do not understand, we must change the pedagogical approach ... Similarly, if the majority were tired, those who prefer to continue are also tired, but they try to resist fatique

Salam Raoudha,

I think these references could be helpful :

Yau, S. S., Wang, Y., & Karim, F. (2002). Development of situation-aware application software for ubiquitous computing environments. In Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2002. COMPSAC 2002. Proceedings. 26th Annual International (pp. 233-238). IEEE.

Bouzeghoub, A., Do, K. N., & Lecocq, C. (2007). A situation-based delivery of learning resources in pervasive learning. In Creating New Learning Experiences on a Global Scale (pp. 450-456). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Marilza Pernas, A., Diaz, A., Motz, R., & Palazzo Moreira de Oliveira, J. (2012). Enriching adaptation in e-learning systems through a situation-aware ontology network. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 9(2), 60-73.

Cook, D. J., & Das, S. K. (2007). How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art. Pervasive and mobile computing, 3(2), 53-73.

Gps work with  locationawareness , it enable devices to establish their position so taht mobile applications can provide user location-specific services and information, set alerts when other devices enter or leave determined region.

I can suggest you  webratio.com; it is base in IFML, it can give you an ideo how it works, it is an eclipse base Framework

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a structured method to extract quantitative parameters from qualitative user requirements. It helps to prioritise the parameters to produce justified decisions. In this case, the network selection.

Whereas, QoS is a quantitatively measured performance of network. Specifically, the performance perceived by the users of the network.

You should read this survey "Contextual music information retrieval and recommendation: State of the art and challenges" by Kaminskas and Ricci. Other papers not directly related with your question but useful may be: 

Hope it may be useful for you. 

Cristhian. 

In my opinion you would like to model context-awareness as top-level concept in a very generic way, and to specialize that for the specific applications that you take into consideration. You should definitely have a look at the work of Dockhorn Costa [1], because she has presented a conceptual modelling approach that is more fundamental than Dey's type specific bound definitions of context [2].

Success with your research!

       Paul

REFS

From my perspective, working in a related field, the most important question is why you need emotion sensing systems? If the answer is because you want to improve health, then that is the challenge, not the sensing systems as systems, but the success of the health improving interventions. And then the challenge become, how one create good health interventions, how do one stop the destructive behavior and motivate the health improving behavior. Here I think social and cultural aspects, long time behavior and learning/mastery curves is important.

What cultural and social values do the system promote and reproduce?

How do one maintain the health improving behavior over time?

How do one create good and challenging learning and mastery experiences (curves) over time?

In our project RHYME we create multi-sensory Internet of Things (interactive MSE) to motivate social and aesthetic co-creation for children with severe disabilities and their families. Here we use musical improvisation (advanced musical algorithms) and sensory stimulation to motivate social co-creation (positive and equal creative behavior that promote both aesthetical experiences and musical mastery). 

You can have a look our paper: context model: An Ontology-Based Approach to Context-Aware Access Control for Software Services (http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-41230-1_34).

In this paper, we clearly differentiate context entity and context information. The user model needs to model/capture relevant user-specific context information (e.g., user profile)...

Just a different perspective on Stefan's answer: hypergraphs would be projections of the incidence relation of the concept graph, so you would be losing structure by using them. 

Incidentally, if you haven't seen it already, the Applications book that Stefan linked has a paper dealing directly with Conceptual Graphs and FCA.

That is a good point Krzysztof, one cannot 'impose' a desired mood. Some studies suggest (i don't have any citing at hand but i will find it) that when you are depressed you don't want to listen some happy music, most probably you will prefer sad music. I don't know if that will help on your mood... In the case of gaming we need to look to other aspects; if a game don't activate you then it must be in a boring stage, as a programer you need to foreseen that case and prepare some action, whatever that means in the context of the game. So addressing your question i would say that It Depends ! if you want a player to engage more in the game you need to activate hime. If you want someone to let go a depressive state (in ehealth apps) you need first to get in the mood and then try to cheer up that person. But if you are developing an app for a business man, if you detect high stress rates, better not to ring that high tone ring alarm, right? I don't think there is a yes/no, black/white kind of answer to your question, it depends on context assessment. Do you understand my point and do you agree?

The question is too fuzzy for accurate answers, but here's some more ideas about context. Many of these current answers are very limited and narrow - context is a huge term that is used in numerous alternative ways. You need to be more precise what you want to achieve with context and modelling. What you mean by context and modelling. Etc.

Research about provenance is all about documenting and tracking context. This article reviews are huge amount of multi-disciplinary provenance (=contexts) research. The topic is huge.

One clearly a methodological paper about context modelling is this: CEIP Maps: Context-embedded Information Product Map

There is a lot of research about context in HCI research. The whole discipline is based on the concept of context. For example HCI ISO standard defines Context of Use as a combination of users, tasks, tools and environments. You can model these issues in unlimited level of detail and complexity. There exists a lot of managerial and technical tools for modelling contexts in user centred development processes. Software systems for modelling context as well as systems to monitor contexts. Etc.

Hi Ines, It is an interesting question. It would be even better if we had some examples or diagrams here to illustrate the issue. I teach (and do) systems modeling and many of of my students also do context diagrams, aside from data models, process models and object models. My general answer would be yes, it is sometimes possible to have the same concept in different models. If something is in the business context model but is  also a major entity that we want to record detailed data on, yes, it would make sense to have it in the data or database model as well. Location related data, for example, can be quite detailed. Best wishes and good luck with your work. 

You can also have a look at Alcaraz and Lopez, who discuss the differentiation between situation awareness and context awareness:

Alcaraz, C., Lopez, J. (2013) Wide-area situation awareness for critical infrastruture protection. Computer 46(4). pp 30-37

You represent the variables family and friend as values, e.g 1 and 2 respectively. In your data set, categorize your data to fall into the different group of values and model accordingly.

Thanks Didier.

Based on your comments and Mohamed's, it seems to me that there are several interesting works out there. Although, with regard to context modelling languages, there is definitely no industry standard.

In the CaaS project we have been working on a context modelling method and applying it to three different industrial use cases with Everis (Spain), FreshTL (UK) and SIV (Germany). The first iteration of the Everis use case is reported in a workshop paper (see http://caas-project.eu/files/2014/07/Espana-et-al-2014-ASDENCA-Capability-driven-development-of-a-SOA-platform-a-case-study-preprint.pdf ). The overall Capability Driven Development approach, which includes context modelling, will soon appear published in BISE Journal (I will edit the answer when available).

We are open to extending our method based on other researchers' / companies' work. Also, we are open to collaborations.

Regards.

  Sergio

I think that shifting from recommendation to prediction may not be that trivial: generating predictions implies predicting how much a user will like/find useful a given item, while content-based recommendation is more of an information filtering affair.

By multiplying the cosine similarity and calling it a prediction you are assuming that the percieved quality of an item is solely based upon its similarity with other items. There is plenty of examples in which such an assumption won't hold: consider for instance Horror movies, most of them have the same plot, the same situations and often the very same actors and directors, however despite the high similarity you can still find good horror movies and crappy horror movies.

On the other hand, there exists other domains in which the potential interest can be represented by the sole similarity, for instance the domain of Scientific literature, Legal papers, Patents, and other technical documentation (when writing a paper you may cite papers that you consider crap, or a lawyer may find useful laws he/she just doesn't like), and therefore in which such shifting operation may make much more sense.

So, in my humble opinion, everything boils down at asking yourself what are you recommending: if your system recommends papers, well, the "naive" multiplication solution may just work fine, otherwise consider introducing collaborative filtering elements to predict ratings.

Hi Sergio,

This is a highly relevant topic. In Software Engineering (my perspective), it is, however, under-researched. Nevertheless, we have some approaches. It started with Dieter Rombach's paper on integrated software product and process lines (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221421676_Integrated_Software_Process_and_Product_Lines), which is the basis for some research on process variability. Among other, process line approaches address organizational change and capability improvement (from the SE perspective, e.g., development, testing, and management).

Basically, we distinguish between two approaches:

1) variability analysis (of past projects/actual processes) to develop new/improved processes to better address company needs. Contributions on that topic were made, e.g., by the group around Jürgen Münch (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juergen_Muench). For example:

2) pro-active and directed variability. This is closer to Dieter's proposal, i.e. variability instruments are part of a process metamodel. Variability instruments are then used to derive a particular process variant from a reference process. A good overview of variability instruments can be depicted from:

A concrete implementation and empirical study on the feasibility of such constructors can be found here:

If you are interested in this topic and how it is handled from the process perspective, hurry up and attend this year's ICSSP (http://www.icsp-conferences.org/icssp2014/). There will be a special panel on that topic (the introduction of the panel can be found here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261798570_Towards_Context-Specific_Software_Process_Selection_Tailoring_and_Composition?ev=prf_pub).

Hope this helps a bit.

I am not talking about all types of context information, only talking about 'relationship context'. I am wondering different types of relationship context (e.g., interpersonal relationship)? What will be the proper sources to collect this information? What will be the other low-level information to infer relevant relationship context information?

I think to bayesian network..some help?

A sample motivating scenario from the healthcare domain for the patients medical records management can be found in our paper. In our paper, we have briefly discussed a context-aware scenario, that illustrates the need for the incorporation of context information in the access control processes. Also, you can have a look on the Prototype section.

May be something like sixth sense by pranav mistry? Http://www.pranavmistry.com/projects/sixthsense/

Kif?

Thanks Miguel. Sounds very intersting and didn't know there was freeware that could do that. Will keep it in mind.