Contaminants - Science topic

Abstract Submission https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/51738

The energy deposition of alpha particles resulting from nuclear fusion of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel is one of the important challenges in inertial confinement fusion. The stability of ignition conditions is associated with the achievement of self-ignition in hot-spot plasma. Excessive escape of energy from the hot spot leads to its rapid cooling...

Soil is an indispensable natural resource for the existence of various ecosystems and human activities, such as agriculture, silviculture and, pastoral activity. In addition to water, soil is the most important resource for life on Earth. Internationally, soil functions were defined and dealt with at the European level. The purpose of this study is...

Antibiotics, especially cephalosporins, have been identified as immense environmental pollutants for the generation of antibiotic-resistant gene and antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to its indiscriminate usage, enormous production and consumption, highest prescription, and longtime existence as bioactive in the environment. There are multiple sour...

The study determined the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in surface water from estuarine, sanctuary, and industrial zones in Davao City. Researchers examined the spatial distribution of heavy metals and contamination by enteric bacteria using selective media and the Kirby-Bauer Test. The Antibiotic Resistance Index (ARI) revealed that all sit...

Existence of pharmaceutical substances in water with different concentrations in natural ecosystems it poses a danger to humans and animals. Conventional methods for water treatment have proven to be relatively ineffective in removing pharmaceutical contaminants, while the more effective process used for our research to eliminate pharmaceutical sub...

Many porous media are mixtures of inert and reactive materials, manifesting spatio-chemical heterogeneity. We study the evolution of scalar transport in a chemically heterogeneous material that mimics a green roof soil substrate, fractionally composed of inert and reactive adsorbing particles. These adsorbing particles are equivalent to biochar wit...

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the hazards imposed by automotive waste oils on the environment and human health. Also, the physical and chemical properties of filtered and unfiltered waste oil were analysed using standard test methods conducted at DOST-ITDI. Lastly, comprehensive literature reviews regarding the re-refining techniq...

Heavy metal contamination in soil is a major problem worldwide, causing harm to plants, animals, and human health. These metals come from various sources like industrial waste, mining, and improper use of chemicals in agriculture. Reducing heavy metals in soil is challenging, but biochar offers a promising and sustainable solution. Biochar is a cha...

Heavy metal (HM) pollution has become a major environmental concern due to increased anthropogenic activities. The persistence and toxicity of HMs pose significant risks to ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. This review highlights the pressing issue of HM contamination, its impact on ecosystems, and the potential risks of bio-magnification...

Wastewater treatment is a critical process to ensure the safe management of water for domestic, industrial and municipal use. The importance of wastewater treatment has become more pronounced as water consumption increases and environmental regulations become more stringent. Wastewater treatment plants remove harmful contaminants from wastewater an...

Turkusowe Lake is a pit lake formed after the extraction of CaCO3 , located within the Wolin National Park (northwestern Poland). The aim of the study was to assess the potential contamination of water and bottom sediments with trace elements (TE) in relation to previous research, which indicated the impact of anthropogenic pressure. To achieve thi...

Chlorous acid water and sodium hypochlorite solution are effective disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that both compounds have equivalent inactivation effects when tested on purified viruses. However, in practical applications, the presence of organic matter is common and can sig...

A uniform, steady, viscous, laminar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a fixed partially contaminated liquid drop placed in a porous region is considered. An interfacial slip is assumed on its surface. The drag force with cap angle is obtained analytically. The special case results are consistent with available results in literature. The flow patt...

The Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have very small amplitudes, which allow for the data to be readily contaminated by numerous artifacts. When it comes to clinical assessment, the presence of artifacts makes the study of EEG more complex. Power Line noise, eye movements, Electromyogram (EMG), and Electrocardiogram (ECG) are the most often seen...

A significant portion of theoretical and empirical studies in high-dimensional regression have primarily concentrated on clean datasets. However, in numerous practical scenarios, data are often corrupted by missing values and measurement errors, which cannot be ignored. Despite the substantial progress in high-dimensional regression with contaminat...

The concentration of heavy metals in road dust poses significant risks to human health and the environment. This study investigates the characteristics of road dust, focusing on the contamination level of heavy metals like lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As). Road dust samples were collected from various locations in Khulna city. They went throu...

Adequate wastewater treatment is essential for safeguarding public health and the environment by removing harmful contaminants and pollutants. This study experimentally investigated the synergistic effects of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and gas injection (air, oxygen, and ozone) on reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of synthetic wastewater...

Intermediate-mass black holes (10 ² < M BH < 10 ⁵ M ⊙ ) are an open question in our understanding of black hole evolution and growth. They have long been linked to dense star cluster environments, thanks to cluster dynamics, but there are a limited number of secure detections. We leverage existing X-ray observations from the Chandra X-ray Observato...

Estimating the true background in an astronomical image is fundamental to detecting faint sources. In a typical low-photon-count astronomical image, such as in the far- and near-ultraviolet wavelength ranges, conventional methods relying on 3 σ clipping and median or mode estimation often fail to capture the true background level accurately. As a c...

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) seeks to learn nodal or graph representations that contain maximal consistent information from graph-structured data. While node-level contrasting modes are dominating, some efforts have commenced to explore consistency across different scales. Yet, they tend to lose consistent information and be contaminated by dis...

The behavior of low-carbon steels (LCSs), a high-strength steel and a nickel–chromium alloy in HCl solutions in the presence of N-containing organic substances has been studied. N-containing organic substances that comprise 1,2,4-triazole in their structure (substance I and substance II) provide comprehensive protection of various steel grades from...

A thin cobalt layer is deposited by electron beam evaporation onto a germanium substrate after an in situ cleaning annealing at 400 or 700 C. The effect of these pretreatments on the Co/Ge Schottky barrier properties and on the germanide formation is investigated by using different techniques. A strong influence of the pre-treatment is observed. Th...

Plastics are widely used across various applications from packing to commercial products. Once discarded, they were subjected to environmental stresses, causing them to degrade into microplastics (MPs). These small, invisible pollutants pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, gradually compromising the resilience and vitality of the natura...

Stellar surface heterogeneities, such as spots and faculae, often contaminate exoplanet transit spectra, hindering precise atmospheric characterization. We demonstrate a novel, epoch-based, model-independent method to mitigate stellar contamination, applicable to multiplanet systems with at least one airless planet. We apply this method using quasi...

In distribution grids with the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, power signals are often contaminated with time-varying noise and frequency deviation caused by low-frequency inertia. To achieve an accurate dynamic harmonic state estimate (HSE), a novel method based on an improved Sage–Husa unscented Kal...

Heavy metals are among the most toxic environmental pollutants. They are a group of chemical elements broadly distributed in different environments. Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, livestock farming, and mining release large amounts of waste that contain toxic heavy metals into the environment. Bacteria are organisms that present a wi...

The southwestern region of China is one of the major maize (Zea mays L.)-producing areas and a concentrated zone of farmland contaminated by heavy metals (HMs). Selection of maize varieties with low accumulation of HMs under complex HM pollution conditions is one the most feasible and effective ways for safe utilization of HM-polluted farmland. In...

The most widely used radiance sensor for monitoring Night Sky Brightness (NSB) is the Sky Quality Meter (SQM), making its measurement stability fundamental. A method using the Sun as a calibrator was applied to analyse the quality of the measures recorded in the Veneto Region (Italy) and at La Silla (Chile). The analysis mainly revealed a tendency...

Diffractive surfaces shape optical wavefronts for applications in spectroscopy, high-speed communication, and imaging. The performance of these structures is primarily determined by how precisely they can be patterned. Fabrication constraints commonly lead to square-shaped, "binary" profiles that contain unwanted spatial frequencies that contaminat...

The complex correntropy has a wide range of applications for adaptive filtering in the complex domain due to its effectiveness in measuring local similarity of complex variables. To improve the filtering performance of complex adaptive filtering algorithms when dealing with the contaminated input and output signals, this paper focuses on the comple...

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza la relación entre las prácticas de bienestar animal y la calidad de productos como la carne y los lácteos, destacando su importancia tanto ética como comercial. A través de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, se abordan los efectos del manejo animal en factores como la textura, color, jugosidad y estabilidad...

The extracellular vesicle release in red blood cell concentrates reflects progressive accumulation of storage lesions and could represent a new measure to be implemented routinely in blood centres in addition to haemolysis. Nevertheless, there is currently no standardized isolation protocol. In a previous publication, we developed a reproducible ul...

Mn2+ is a prevalent contaminant in groundwater. In this study, manganese oxides (MnOx) were prepared via a redox method to remove Mn2+ from water. The effects of the drying operation in the preparation process, including heat drying at 20–120 °C with different times and freeze drying methods, on the structural properties, manganese removal performa...

Pharmaceutical contaminants, categorized as a subset of Emerging Contaminants, primarily originate from pharmaceutical industries and hospital activities. These pollutants pose significant environmental and public health risks due to their bioactive nature and widespread presence in various ecosystems. Their complex composition in wastewater and lo...

To mitigate healthcare’s unintended effects, environmental risk data such as ecotoxicity and environmental contamination need to be considered by all stakeholders in the healthcare value chain. As decision-makers and educators, healthcare providers are in a unique position to make healthcare delivery more sustainable. However, current benefit-risk...

Cumulative risk assessment is significant for evaluating the combined exposure to multiple substances, but its widespread acceptance and application have been limited due to the complexity of clarifying and assessing actual exposure. In this study, we conducted a cumulative risk assessment based on hazard-driven criteria to evaluate the co-exposure...

This study aims to investigate the influence of cadmium (Cd) speciation transformation on P-wave velocity under different soil moisture conditions, providing critical insights into the subsurface characteristics of contaminated soils. Taking Cd-contaminated soil as the research subject, P-wave velocity and the speciation distribution of Cd in soils...

The Worthington jets from bursting bubbles at a gas-liquid interface can break up into small droplets, aerosolizing chemical and biological substances into the atmosphere and impacting both global climate and public health. Despite their importance in contaminant transport, the influence of adsorbed contaminants on bubble-bursting jet dynamics rema...

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pesticides and mycotoxins in water (e. g., drinking, well, tap and river water) published in the literature from 2008 to 2023 and to estimate the risks of exposure for humans to these contaminants through water consumption. An occurrence survey showed that maximum concentrations of pesticides and mycot...

Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles have a broad application in wastewater treatment, and the interest in applying these particles specifically in waste treatment is growing. However, the gap in understanding how ferrite properties that are controllable through synthesis methods affect wastewater treatment efficiency needs to be better explained. In thi...

The strong influence of surface adsorbates on the morphology of a catalyst is exemplified by studying a silver surface with and without deposited zinc oxide nanoparticles upon exposure to reaction gases used for carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements indicate ac...

To achieve sustainable swimming pool water management, it is necessary to minimize the consumption of energy, water, and chemical agents to maintain the appropriate water quality. Some of the pollutants are introduced by swimmers and can be relatively easily removed if swimmers take a shower before entering a pool. Thus, this research questions how...

Lightweight, biodegradable multifunctional cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel shows great potential in the fields of thermal insulation, electronic equipment and oil contaminant removal. However, its high fire risk and poor mechanical performance severely limit its extensive application. In this work, CNF aerogel with improved flame retardant and me...

In Singapore's hot and humid climate, watercolor papers are particularly prone to a paper oxidation issue known as foxing, which refers to the discoloration forming yellowish‐brown stains on paper, changing the visual outcome of the watercolor artworks. This research investigates two most popular types of watercolor paper, made from 100 % cotton an...

Soil samples were collected from a college campus in Taiwan to measure the levels of radionuclides, contributing to the sustainable management of campus environments. A high-resolution HPGe gamma spectrometry system was utilized to measure the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and artificial radionuclide (137C...

Ponds are among the most biodiverse and abundant freshwater ecosystems in the world and provide a variety of socio-ecological values, including in urban areas. Urban ponds in parks are often used for recreation and wildlife habitat, as well as stormwater management, creating the potential for human and wildlife exposure to contaminants. Lead is a p...

The funarioid moss species Physcomitrium eurystomum, which is threatened with extinction, was the subject of this study. The riparian habitat type of this species is often under the influence of contaminated water, and, therefore, we tested the influence of selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs), namely zinc and copper, on the development, phys...

X-ray crystallography remains the dominant method of determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Nevertheless, this resource-intensive process may be hindered by the unintended crystallization of contaminant proteins from the expression source. Here, the serendipitous discovery of two novel crystal forms and one new, high-resolution st...

Background/Objectives: Conventional live oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) effectively prevent poliomyelitis. These vaccines are derived from three attenuated Sabin strains of poliovirus, which can revert within the first week of replication to a neurovirulent phenotype, leading to sporadic cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) a...

Surface water quality of river channels has been well examined over the years, without much focus on one of the potential contributors, that is surface runoff transporting contaminants from surrounding land. By analysing the amount of contaminants present in surface runoff and soil on the ground, the potential extent of contamination can be examine...

Aquaculture produces fishery wastewater (FWW), has polluted the environment and negatively impact the aquatic life. Utilizing FWW as a nutrient will promote sustainable agriculture and offer alternatives to conventional fertilizers. Some of the techniques used in water treatment, mainly the elimination of contaminants includes the use of screening,...

In response to increasing production and application volumes, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have emerged as pervasively detected contaminants in various environmental media, with concentrations often exceeding those of traditional organic contaminants. Despite the recognition of the atmosphere's important role in dispersing OPEs and a substantial n...

Situations when field researchers are tempted to deviate from preselected sampling plan and to include nearby or related units in sample, then adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) offers a nearly completion solution. For rare and clustered populations, Thompson introduced ACS as an effective sampling method when data is not contaminated with outliers. H...

Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, faces increasing pressure to reduce waste and enhance recycling efforts in line with its zero-waste goal. Despite the availability of kerbside recycling services, participation rates remain inconsistent, and contamination levels are high compared to other countries, including Japan and Germany, where strict...

Aberrant responses (e.g., careless responses, miskeyed items, etc.) often contaminate psychological assessments and surveys. Previous robust estimators for dichotomous IRT models have produced more accurate latent trait estimates with data containing response disturbances. However, for widely used Likert-type items with three or more response categ...

A simple and rapid colorimetric detection strategy, based on hydrogen bond identification of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) functionalized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), is proposed for highly selective and sensitive determination of kanamycin (KA). In this strategy, the hydrogen bond interaction between 6-TG and kanamycin induces AuNPs to agglomerate, with a con...

Global Navigation Satellite System/Acoustic (GNSS/A) underwater positioning technology is attracting more and more attention as an important technology for building the marine Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) system. The random error of the tracking point coordinate is also an important error source that affects the accuracy of GNSS/A unde...

In this study, the removal of benzotriazole (BTA), a pervasive aquatic contaminant widely used for its anti-corrosion, UV-stabilizing, and antioxidant properties, by nanomagnetite, biochar, and nanomagnetite–biochar composite is investigated. Nanomagnetite and nanomagnetite–biochar composite were synthesized under anoxic conditions and tested for B...

Currently, water is being polluted via various anthropogenic activities, resulting in wastewater contaminated with multiple pollutants, including heavy metals. Hexavalent chromium is a toxic heavy metal that poses significant health risks upon exposure. Biocomposites are materials that are partially composed of organic substances that enhance diffe...

The research aims to find ways to minimize the use of quantities of chemical fertilizers in agriculture in order to get to an environment that is free of contaminants. Magnetized water technology used in the experience of planting seeds of tomatoes Thomson type to obtain a higher efficiency to absorb fertilizer NRK in the protected environment of t...

Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health, particularly in enclosed spaces where people spend most of their time. This study evaluates the performance of low-cost IAQ sensors, focusing on their ability to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM) under real-world conditions. Measurements provided by these sensors we...

Rice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals, and rare earth elements) in various parts (grain,...