Construction - Science topic

Tautvydas Astrauskas

The most common method is traditional mass concrete underpinning. This simple technique involves excavating a segment of the ground below the existing building foundation in controlled stages, to a depth where suitable bearing strata exist.

Dear Doctor

Go To

"Abstract

Many reports state how serious the problems associated with cracking in reinforced concrete (RC) structures worldwide. The cracking can cause damage and destruction to RC structures. The cracks are the damage to RC structures that require repair or replacement. Analysis of the damage level as early as possible on the RC structure cracks can reduce the greater impact and streamline the cost of repairing the concrete structure. Therefore, non-destructive testing (NDT) method is needed on the RC structure, namely: visual inspection technique. The image obtained from the visual inspection is then analyzed using image processing. After that, the concrete structure with cracks is tested for quality (compressive strength) using the rebound hammer technique with a rebound index. From the image processing and rebound index results, the damage from the cracks that occurred can be concluded so that the repairs become more effective and efficient."

Rankine theory is specific to vertical and smooth wall. But culmann's graphical approach is also for inclined wall. I think this is major cause of choosing Culmann's graphical approach over Rankine theory.

A. O´Sullivan & H. Gibb. 2003. Housing Economics & Public Policy. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing – RICS Foundation

Sustainability in construction is an important goal for the industry to strive for. Attaining this goal requires implementing strategies and technologies that reduce construction activities' negative environmental and social impacts. Human factors play a critical role in achieving sustainability in construction. This essay will discuss how human factors can be utilized to achieve sustainability in construction, focusing on education, process optimization, and stakeholder engagement. Education is a critical element of achieving sustainability in construction. By providing construction industry professionals with training and knowledge in sustainable approaches, they can be better prepared to develop and manage projects focusing on sustainability. Programs that teach the fundamentals of sustainable construction, such as energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies, can help professionals understand the principles of sustainable construction and how to apply them. Training on green building certifications such as LEED can help professionals understand the requirements for certifying their projects as sustainable. Human factors can also be used to optimize the construction process to reduce waste and improve efficiency. By streamlining processes, such as ordering and managing materials, construction professionals can reduce waste and the environmental impacts of construction. Additionally, automation and artificial intelligence can be employed to improve the efficiency of the construction process. Automated systems can monitor and control construction processes, such as scheduling, material ordering, and safety, to reduce time spent on manual tasks and improve efficiency. Engaging stakeholder is an important human factor in achieving sustainability in construction. Stakeholders, such as clients, engineers, and contractors, can provide valuable insights into the construction process, allowing professionals to identify areas of waste and inefficiency. Engaging stakeholders also allows professionals to discuss the strategies and technologies available to reduce the environmental impacts of construction. Additionally, engaging stakeholders in decision-making can help ensure that construction projects meet their sustainability goals. Human factors play a critical role in achieving sustainability in construction. Education, process optimization, and stakeholder engagement are crucial human factors that can be used to reduce the environmental and social impacts of construction projects. By utilizing these human factors, construction professionals can develop and manage projects that meet their sustainability goals.

References:

Alfaro, J., & Lodha, S. (2018). Automation, artificial intelligence, and robotics in construction: A review. Automation in Construction, 93, 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.06.006

Kumar, S., & Zou, L. (2018). Achieving sustainability in construction projects: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 84, 1537–1550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.02.044

Shen, G., & Kreger, M. (2015). Sustainable construction education: A review of current practices. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 141(4), 04015009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000274

The process you describe is related to the forensic analysis of project delays and the development of recovery schedules in the real world.

Absolutely! "Social" innovation is key to making the construction sector sustainable.

Green roofs reduce building energy use by cooling roofs and providing shading, thermal mass and insulation. Biodiversity and Habitat: Green roofs provide new urban habitat for plants and animals, like birds and insects, thereby increasing biodiversity. Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources. Green roofs are used in residential, commercial, government and public buildings. Innovative energy-efficient construction technologies will bring great benefit to the ecology and help to relief the heat island effect. To achieve our sustainability goals, need to invest in disruptive practices and green technologies to optimize water consumption, improve air quality, ensure energy security, biodiversity and reduce carbon footprint. Green roofs have been shown to increase biodiversity. The type and amount of biodiversity will depend on the type of green roof installed. Green roofs are eco-friendly and a great way to promote environmental sustainability. Compared to other roof types, green roofs have numerous benefits, including reduced energy costs. By lowering temperatures and reducing energy use, green roofs can help reduce concentrations of several pollutants that affect air quality, climate, and health. Green roofs reduce energy consumption in space heating through shading, evapotranspiration, insulation, increase in thermal mass, and reduction of heat loss through radiation.

ACI report ACI 231 Report on Early-Age Cracking: Causes, Measurement, and Mitigation is available from ACI web site. Key causes include autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, and subsidence cracking, in addition to any poor design and construction issues. Proper curing is critical to avoiding early age cracking. Mitigation strategies include internal curing (lightweight aggregates or superabsorbent polymers), shrinkage-reducing admixtures, and coarser cements (see the work/advocacy of Richard Burrows in the US).

Dear Dr.,Julius Riese,

Stair Building Guidelines

The UK Building Regulations on staircases are often the first source. Consult when building a new staircase because they are widely recognized throughout Europe as well as in many countries in Africa and the Middle East. When precise specifications are required, we collaborate with clients and building officials to create a stairway that is tailored to meet their needs.

Please refer to the links below; you can get the correct building codes for stairs for numerous nations.

Here is the link where you can  find more information on California Building Code and other American Building Codes too: https://up.codes/codes/california

NCC Australia http://www.abcb.gov.au/ncc-online/NCC/2016-A1?vol=a159de3f-a6a1-4781-ba7a-83cf53373ae6#a159de3f-a6a1-4781-ba7a-83cf53373ae6

NZBC New Zeland http://www.building.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/building-code-compliance/d-access/d1-access-routes/asvm/d1-access-routes-amendment-5.pdf

SANS South Africa https://sans10400.co.za/stairways/

'To make a shotcrete mix more environmentally friendly, replace part of the Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash or slag cement. Using recycled aggregates and reducing the water-cement ratio can also help shotcrete have less negative impact on the environment. For example, the use of fly ash instead of half the cement can significantly reduce CO2 emissions. It is possible to further reduce the overall environmental impact of shotcrete by taking into account its life cycle, including the amount of maintenance required. The environmental impact of shotcrete can be reduced by curing it with wet burlap or burlap cloth, which requires less energy.'

Carbon sequestration is one big use of soil.

Dear Matt Pilkington,

You have chosen an interesting, important and future-proof topic for your doctoral dissertation. Since the developing climate crisis determined by the ever faster global warming process is a global problem, the issue of reducing civilization greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, is an important topic for the future of the climate, biosphere and the existence of next generations of people in many countries. Due to the global nature of a possible climate catastrophe, which may already occur in the current 21st century, this issue should be of high importance in all countries, in all regions, on all continents. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most important elements of the pro-environmental transformation of the classic brown, linear surplus economy to a sustainable, green, zero-emission, zero-growth and circular economy. Achieving the goals of sustainable development and achieving zero-emission economy in the shortest possible time is a key factor in reducing the scale of the occurrence of a future global climate catastrophe and the negative effects of the progressing global warming process. Taking into account the fast pace of climate change and the slow pace of the pro-environmental transformation of the economy, it is unlikely that the progressing process of global warming will be slowed down and reversed. The scenario of slowing down the process of global warming is much more possible. But to what extent this process will slow down depends on the pace of the pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the economy, including the time of achieving zero-emission economy. The main factor in achieving the goal of achieving a zero-emission economy is the fastest possible pro-environmental transformation of the energy sector through the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources and the development of zero-emission transport, zero-emission construction, zero-emission agriculture and also the implementation of investments in the field of zero-emission construction surveying and geodesy operating for the zero-emission construction sector . Taking into account long-term, prognostic models of climate change, 2050 as the year of achieving zero emissions of the economy is not a highly ambitious period. Well, in order to be able to significantly slow down the progressing global warming process and avoid reaching the tipping point of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, after which the global warming process would become an irreversible process and significantly accelerate the process of zero emissions in the economy, much earlier, much earlier before 20150. should happen in the current decade. Is it possible? We know what should be done, but we do not know how to quickly and efficiently implement the necessary processes of pro-environmental transformation of the economy. The development of sustainable, green, energy-saving, zero-emission construction is one of the important elements of the pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the economy. Therefore, construction surveying can also play an important role in this matter. In view of the above, taking into account your field of study in construction surveying and your research interests regarding the problem of analyzing the determinants of the possibility of achieving the goal of net zero carbon dioxide emissions in the United Kingdom by 2050, I propose the following research topic: Analysis of the role and importance of construction surveying in the context of sustainable green development , energy-saving, zero-emission construction. As part of this topic, it is possible to investigate and define the key determinants of the development of green building surveying conducted for the implementation of investments in the framework of sustainable, green, energy-saving, zero-emission construction.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Gabriela,

Correct. A specific climatic, geographic and natural zone characterised by a specific weather aura and state of the environment is relevant in this respect. On the other hand, the available modern technologies included in sustainable construction are also among the relevant factors. In view of the above, both the natural climatic and natural environment factors and the available, modern technologies determine the possibilities for the development of sustainable, environmentally and climate-neutral construction.

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz

Dear Shuraik Kader,

In view of the increasing risk of an energy and climate crisis, eco-innovation-based, green building technologies will be developed in the future to build homes that are significantly more energy-efficient and resistant to the negative effects of climate change. Consequently, the future will mainly develop pro-environmental, energy-efficient sustainable construction. Perhaps it will also be environmentally neutral construction based solely on natural building materials.

Best regards,

Dariusz

Dear Prof. Dr. Hussam, I think the work team has the responsibility, such as the supervising engineer, the work supervisor, the contractor, and the person responsible for the wooden mold

Invariably the loading on one storey building roof with access is only `1.5 to 2 kN/m2 . and this is uni-formally distributed load. But if you pile up load in a small area more than the failure load of slab with concentrated load then the failure is imminent. this failure load can be calculated using yield line theory or by Hillerborg Strip method.

If you have this kind of loading then keep your props intact before you finish roof top work

Bontle Chabaesele The construction industry contributes nearly 1 billion tonnes of waste every year and also contributes to about 37% of CO2 emissions. Sustainability, Green construction, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and minimizing the impact are the norms of the day and these cannot be called needed knowledge areas anymore. Now these need to be the core requirements for construction professionals

The first thing I suggest is that you eliminate the word "positive" from the title of your study. A more complete study would examine both the advantages and disadvantages of offsite modular construction.

Apart from suggestion received, you can study the SUN DIAGRAM for our location and according plan your design of rooms. Requirement of rooms need to be workout before you proceeds for planning. Architectural planning concepts need to adhere for better planning with respect to your requirement.

Shuraik Kader Take a look

The simple muiltiplication of the mass by the thermal capacity as Bachir Achour proposes, is valid only at thermal equilibrium. Since buildings are always in a thermally dynamic state, this method strongly overestimente the active thermla capacity. When the ambient temperature continuously changes, the calculation is more complex, and needs solving the equation of heat. Simple mathematical solutions to determine the thermal mass of a multilayer plane building component under dynamic conditions are indeed described in EN-ISO 13786 as mentioned by Edwin Rodriguez-Ubinas.

An experimental method to determine the dynamic thermal capacity of a room was proposed by Van der Maas (see attched paper). The apparent room effusivity can be measured by recording the increase of the indoor temperature after switching on a constant power heat source.

excellent quesion

Done

Also, check this

The only weakness in my opinion is that all the software are proprietary and two different software cannot communicate with each other without compatibility issues.

Kindly find my working if you need more tutorials you can follow me on research gate. I can teach you for free.

Sincere thanks dear Dr Shubham Patil, it seems interesting, you can send the message in the research gate platform!, hope can help

Good Luck!

Please take a look at Dotproduct DPI-10. It uses the latest intel sensors and SLAM algorithms.

ok

Yes, we need entrepreneurship for new technologies in construction. Construction is one of the booming sectors in the economy. Activation of entrepreneurship in the construction sector is an important element of social and economic policy. Yes, we need entrepreneurship for new technologies in construction, especially in the field of green construction technologies, creating new pro-environmental construction technologies, new types of energy-saving building materials in order to develop sustainable construction.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Many real cases and studies show the real advantage of disassembly construction methods, especially in steel and timber elements, as they have the typical characteristics of a circular process (cradle to cradle). There are several aspects to be evaluated including cost, time, labour, and the actual benefits in terms of reducing environmental impacts, but I believe that with a proper disassembly plan already planned in the design phase, the whole process would be very simple, practical and cost-effective.

dear Hussam Ali Mohammed

Foundation is a structure which transfers the loads from the superstructure to the ground, while footing is the foundation which is in contact with the earth. A foundation can be shallow and deep, while a footing is a type of a shallow foundation. so, all footings are foundations but all foundations cannot be footings.

In my opinion, ETABS and SAP2000 are good for structural analysis and design and ABAQUS is a good software for research.

They are cooperative and supportive...

Dear Remy Kagoyera,

I propose the implementation of research development in the field of Global Logistics with the use of new information technologies, ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0, including IoT technologies, cloud computing, Big Data Analytics, etc. The use of these technologies allows for shortening logistic chains and the development of e-logistics. These processes may be helpful in transforming logistics in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic. In addition, the research carried out can include the analysis of determinants of the transformation of traditional logistics towards sustainable green logistics. So I propose to take into account the above issues in future scientific research.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Let me look at the survey and give you feedback.

Hi Raphael Santos

I have used most of the tools mentioned before. While each of them has its strengths and weaknesses, nowadays I have been constantly relying on the same tool for solving all kinds of optimization problems.

This tool is a combination of Julia programming language with the Julia package JuMP which defines (in my opinion) the most elegant and intuitive modeling language that makes it easy to try different solvers on the same problem by simply changing the solver name in the code. It also allows easy access to more advanced features of MILP solvers such as generic support for callback functions that can be used to modify the problem while solving it with the addition of valid inequalities and user-defined heuristics.

As an example, solving the TSP using the DFJ (Danzig-Fulkerson-Johnson) formulation that has an exponential number of subtour elimination constraints is straightforward with JuMP. You can simply set up a "lazy constraint callback" function that will check if subtours are present in the solution and if not, add constraints to break these subtours. This is particularly easy when considering only integer solutions, but you can also use the "user callback" function to cut off fractional subtours. JuMP has turorials of several important modeling paradigms that can be used as a basis for your model. Here are the relevant links:

You can download Julia programming language from

Website for the JuMP package

Tutorials for modeling with JuMP

More example problems solved with JuMP

Best regards

Juho

BIM and HBIM are quite widespread methodologies as well as fundamental for different researches. I suggest, before you go through to methodologies you could think about the objective to be achieved (for a project with a case study or a project focused on methodology or e.g. new workflows) and then how to reach it (BIM - HBIM - webGIS - 3D GIS etc).

and for details you can use CSI DETAILS

For dissertation purpose, it might figure out the Hong Kong entrepreneur Li Ka-Shing's great community-building project in London, UK, approved recently by the government is worth studying the correlation among employment, market value and society ecosystem policy

Thanks for all the answers. There are very good computer vision datasets, but not from construction job sites.

Done! Wish you all the best

Good luck

I hope this research is useful to you and can answer your question.

Developing a Rating System for Building Energy Efficiency Based on In Situ Measurement in China

By: Zhao, L (Zhao, Li) ; Zhou, ZN (Zhou, Zhengnan)

DOI: 10.3390/su9020208

Abstract

Building energy consumption in China recently surpassed the US building consumption, and it is expected to increase significantly in the next decade pushed by the continuous population and urbanization increase. In response to that situation, the Chinese government introduced a series of building energy codes and rating systems to assess and enhance the building energy performance. The purpose of this study is to develop a rating system for the building energy efficiency, based on in situ measurement. The system is intended for office buildings in China's cold zone. An evaluation framework, graphic dominant point, and principle of data collection and processing are illustrated in this paper. Three existing buildings were rated under the new rating system. The authors believe that the new system will contribute to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding for asset holders and occupants, that report on the extent to which energy efficiency buildings have been reached. Rating results are expected to be a reference for the retrofitting of existing buildings and the design of new buildings. In addition, the outlook for the rating system was also discussed.

Keywords

Author Keywords:building energy efficiency; indoor environmental quality; rating system; actual performance; in situ measurement

KeyWords Plus:PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; COMFORT; DESIGN

Nima Ghafari ... Thanks for your wonderful answer..

You are almost touch the right and show a very impressive point of view...

Estimation of structure life done on paper.. with some limited factor... related to quality of materials and construction techniques.. but even that ... could these estimation consider right... ??? regardless to other nonstandard condition..

We have recently published a series of papers on tools, methodologies, and best practices for early stage R&D and technology management phases in construction. In these papers we look specifically at the "compatibility with context and ecosystem" issue.

· Structuring the context for construction robot development through integrated scenario approach: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340313559_Structuring_the_context_for_construction_robot_development_through_integrated_scenario_approach

· Influencing factors of the future utilisation of construction robots for buildings: A Hong Kong perspective: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338958441_Influencing_factors_of_the_future_utilisation_of_construction_robots_for_buildings_A_Hong_Kong_perspective

· A technology management system for the development of single-task construction robots: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336589214_A_technology_management_system_for_the_development_of_single-task_construction_robots

· A methodological approach to implement on-site construction robotics and automation: a case of Hong Kong: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324697572_A_methodological_approach_to_implement_on-site_construction_robotics_and_automation_a_case_of_Hong_Kong

Please have a look If you are interested!

I agree with you, so the operator must have significant experience and skill in use from the start

Jaheer Mukthar Kp I am afraid that as it happens in life, in this case we are dealing with positive and negative consequences, e.g. in a natural context. Therefore, it is important to supervise this type of investment so that their location would cover rather areas where the positive effects will be maximized and the negative minimal (in each case it is to some extent an interference in nature). I wonder if they are already emerging somewhere in the world or will they arise in such unusual locations, e.g. special zones for business?

As a method of the research we used Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), which is a new innovative method of artificial intelligence: it also has its own software tool – an intelligent system called "Eidos" (open source software) [1, 2, 3].

The Eidos-X++ system differs from other artificial intelligence systems in the following parameters:

- was developed in a universal setting, independent of the subject area. Therefore, it is universal and can be applied in many subject areas (http://lc.kubagro.ru/aidos/index.htm);

- is in full open free access (http://lc.kubagro.ru/aidos/_Aidos-X.htm), and with the relevant source texts (http://lc.kubagro.ru/__AIDOS-X.txt);

- is one of the first domestic systems of artificial intelligence of the personal level, i.e. it does not take special training in the field of technologies of artificial intelligence from the user (there is an act of introduction of system "Eidos" of 1987) (http://lc.kubagro.ru/aidos/aidos02/PR-4.htm);

- provides stable identification in a comparable form of strengh and direction of cause-effect relationships in incomplete noisy interdependent (nonlinear) data of very large dimension of numerical and non-numerical nature, measured in different types of scales (nominal, ordinal and numerical) and in different units of measurement (i.e. does not impose strict requirements to the data that can not be performed, and processes the data that is);

- contains a large number of local (supplied with the installation) and cloud educational and scientific applications (currently 31 and 199, respectively) (http://lc.kubagro.ru/aidos/Presentation_Aidos-online.pdf);

- provides multilingual interface support in 44 languages. Language databases are included in the installation and can be replenished automatically;

- supports on-line environment of knowledge accumulation and is widely used all over the world (http://aidos.byethost5.com/map5.php);

- the most time-consuming computationally, the operations of the synthesis models and implements recognition by using graphic processing unit (GPU) that some tasks can only support up to the solution of these tasks is several thousand times that really provides intelligent processing of big data, big information and big knowledge;

- provides transformation of the initial empirical data into information, and its knowledge and solution using this knowledge of classification problems, decision support and research of the subject area by studying its system-cognitive model, generating a very large number of tabular and graphical output forms (development of cognitive graphics), many of which have no analogues in other systems (examples of forms can be found in: http://lc.kubagro.ru/aidos/aidos18_LLS/aidos18_LLS.pdf);

- well imitates the human style of thinking: gives the results of the analysis, understandable to experts on the basis of their experience, intuition and professional competence.

There are many studies and available data regarding CLP, however these varies depending by the various determining factors. Although, you may find data on quantitative works, it is almost impossible to find data regarding Productivity of technical staff in construction work. In my research, I have tried to describe the factors affecting the productivity, please check when you have chance.

ok, thank you so much sir...

Depends on the nature of the project, and the project budgets. But, most projects would be short of funds. There are hardly any projects with surplus funds. So, hard to say.

It sounds like you could consider your project to be a set of comparative case studies. If so, then I would recommend Yin's book, Case Study Research. His approach is to develop a "protocol" that you apply to each case, so that you have comparable data from all of them. This would not necessarily require you to interview a full set of stakeholders from each site, as long as you felt like you had high quality information for each of the crucial topics at each site.

Moh Abduh public private partnership contracts

you can use the materials required for production of light weight concrete or foam concrete or equivalent product like aac that will act like insulating material.

Cellulose may work if it makes the concrete lighter.

WiseTex export to ANSYS only as per my understanding by creating .log file via FeTex. How I can create .inp file for ABAQUS?

I am tagging a question which may lead to interesting discussions. --

What are the main differences between NAAB: National Architectural Accreditation Board & ABET Accreditation Board For Engineering and Technology?

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_main_differences_between_NAAB_National_Architectural_Accreditation_Board_ABET_Accreditation_Board_For_Engineering_and_Technology?isAnswerFieldFocused=true

You may find this article useful

ode45 in Matlab

In our project we are keeping stud rail in the railway truss top which will be connected PC Roadway span. In those PC roadway span we keep some hole where the stud rail can take place with some covering area. afterward concreting will be performed at those hole.

Agree with Jamik Sohounhloue

Good Question.. Interesting..

You may go through this paper for all the available corrosion protection techniques:

I have seen joins in some of the structure but the act was preferred to have a good foundation for the support.

If the reason for the rejection is based on a real scientific basis .and the error was simple and can be treated and did not affect the performance of structure in any way my opinion is that the contractor pay all costs for the difference and if the error is essential and can be repaired, I do the same procedure ... If it can not be repaired, the contractor should remove construction with paying all the costs and even those resulting from the delay of work.

You can check the cement activity by compressive strength and its compliance with the declared class.