Science topic

Conflict Management - Science topic

Conflict Management are for researches who study conflicts management strategies in animals and humans alike
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research tool and methods for the study
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Thank you for your response, I appreciate it much.
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Negotiation
Conflict Management
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  1. Integrative and Collaborative Approaches: Traditional competitive negotiation models have given way to more integrative and collaborative approaches. The focus is on creating value and seeking mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperative problem-solving rather than zero-sum win-lose scenarios.
  2. Cross-cultural and Global Negotiations: With globalization and increased interconnectedness, there is a growing emphasis on understanding and managing negotiations in diverse cultural contexts. Cross-cultural competence and adaptability are becoming crucial skills for effective negotiation and conflict resolution.
  3. Technology and Online Dispute Resolution: The use of technology in negotiation and conflict management has grown significantly. Online platforms, video conferencing, and mediation software are being utilized for virtual negotiations and alternative dispute resolution methods. This trend has further accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  4. Emotional Intelligence and Mindfulness: Emotional intelligence and mindfulness practices are gaining recognition for their role in negotiation and conflict management. The ability to manage emotions, empathize with others, and maintain focus and clarity during high-stress situations is seen as essential for successful negotiation outcomes.
  5. Gender and Diversity: There is increasing research and attention on the role of gender and diversity in negotiations. Studies explore the impact of gender, race, and other demographic factors on negotiation processes and outcomes, highlighting the need for equitable and inclusive negotiation practices.
  6. Ethics and Sustainable Negotiations: The ethical dimensions of negotiation and conflict management are receiving greater attention. There is a focus on promoting fairness, transparency, and social responsibility in negotiations, as well as considering long-term sustainability and environmental factors in decision-making processes
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Human-wildlife conflict is a worldwide issue, especially in villages around or in protected areas. Superficially, the conflict will exist when villagers aware that someone, who intend to protect the species, dominated the policy-decision process. As a result, the damages are treated as an imposed burden and lead to a feeling of helplessness even trigger angers from local communities.
As field researchers studying the conflicts, we need to conduct field works in these areas in weeks-long and frequently contact with villagers and even build up friendships. In some situations, local guides or villagers may ask you about “why do we need to protect this species killing livestock or raiding crops”. This question is likely to imply a doubt of your works or a question “Why do you study this troublesome species”.
Do you feel feel a little embarrassed or awkward? how you replied? how do you reply in the future? Please share your experience.
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My experience is that coming at such individuals with science and well-reasoned arguments isn't likely to get you very far. I would suggest starting by communicating empathy for their position (people are less likely to argue with you when they can see you're sympathetic to their problems). If possible, you might then describe a similar experience (and how it made you feel), as shared experiences help us relate to and trust one another. Rather than lecturing on the science of biodiversity loss, try finding a suitable metaphor or a concrete exemplar that help explains your views; or perhaps ask them why they think killing is an inappropriate response. The point here is not to be direct, and condemning but rather, thoughtful and open about the dilemma those individuals face. These are just a few, admittedly, off-the-cuff ideas. Apologies that I don't have time for more.
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Conflict Management in public administration
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Public Complaints Commission (Ombudsman)
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In most of the cases water resource sharing creates conflict between sharing countries. How do you think the such conflicts needs to be resolved scientifically?
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This is not a matter/dispute amenable to scientific solution the only method is to distribute the resource on the basis of the principle of justice (sometimes distributive and sometimes compensatory) and equity with recognition of the obligation to preserve the resource (water is the common heritage of mankind). So the dispute should be managed, if possible not resolved, using the instruments of international law.
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Topic: Conflict Management Styles in High School Students
Context: I am doing a research about conflict management styles among high school students (for now this is limited to one class of about 20 students).
I have already distributed a survey to identify their individual conflict management styles (by KW Thomas and RH Kilmann).
Then, I proceeded to group them according to the same style and assigned an interactive project for them to work on. As they were grouped according to the same conflict management style, it meant that many of them were not working with their usual group of friends and felt uncomfortable with adjusting to new teammates.
I would like to find an instrument or questionnaire to record their response of how they felt after the project working with people they do not usually work with.
Could anyone provide some academic resources/surveys to measure their opinion and experience working with new teammates?
(P.S. I am a beginner researcher. I have a Business Management background but I would love to delve into different topics that pertain to education as that is the field I am currently employed in. Thank you!)
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Although the following paper is a lit bit older, I think it will help you out in this regard:
The design and use of a measure of dysfunctional career thoughts among adults, college students, and high school students: The Career Thoughts Inventory
JP Sampson Jr, GW Peterson, JG Lenz… - Journal of Career …, 1998 - journals.sagepub.com
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that has been used in any research paper.
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I am conducting research on the moderating role of procedural justice in the relationship between ethical leadership and conflict management. I have analyzed my data with SPSS and want to sketch with a graph to know the direction of the moderation effect. Please, how do I go about it? Any book or article to give me more knowledge on it?
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Thank you Seth, I am very much grateful
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The project seek to explore the effects of the land use conflict on institutional authority and legitimacy in conflict management and resolution and its implication on state building.
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Conflict analysis - Saferworld
l to measure the interaction of the interventions and the ... beneficiaries, a good understanding of conflict actors and ... management, their legitimacy, the likelihood of their ... eg civil society, informal approaches to conflict resolution, traditional authorities, political institutions (eg head of state, ... and quantitative elements
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I am currently doing my Masters thesis in mediation studies and I am having difficulty formulating questions to ask in the interviews. My thesis title is "exploring conflict management styles among nuclear families".
My overarching objective is: To understand conflict management in nuclear families along the east-west corridor of Trinidad
My objective are:
1. To explore the ways nuclear families along the East-West corridor of Trinidad manage conflict.
2. To understand the challenges that families along the East-West corridor of Trinidad face due to the conflict management style utilized.
3. To explore the intergenerational conflict management styles of an individual within the family and determine how it impacts on the individual’s conflict management style
I am seeking assistance in relevant interview questions for my participant interviews. Any assistance is greatly appreciated
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lafamilia dialoga y llega acuerdos , la mediación es fortalecedora y ofrece la mejor respuesta a partir del estudio de campo comienza tús preguntas investigativas , será una linda tesis
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Iwonder if you faced to conflict during your work-time, take into account the specific covid-conditions, in which people should communicate now
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Knowledge management can be a key to discover
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Does your institution offer training in conducting research in disaster or conflict settings? Does your institution have a specific protocol for fieldwork in disaster or conflict settings? We are interested in learning about experience in this realm such as (1) specific prerequisites as part of ethics board clearance; (2) training modules; (3) adaptation of ethics board review specifically for humanities and social science fieldwork. Any inputs and/or links to established practices, those under consideration, or any alternatives. Thanks.
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Dear Alistair,
Good for you!
I am pioneering author of courses about natural disaster and DRR since 2006 the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies at the University of Warsaw.
It is program approval for students; there is the protocol for work.
Students have an opportunity to do the thesis in the subject. But last years my institution not help me to developing this work because lecture is in the end of study, on last semester of Master Study).
I have cooperated also international students (in 2017) and scholar of The Lane Kirkland Scholarship Program, in this year.
I have been Bachelor and Master Thesis's supervisor about disaster since 2008.
I am an author of publication in Polish language about ethics aspects connected with natural disaster, too. I have also cooperated with RCB in Poland, and expertise’s for them in 2019 but not about ethics kind.
Kind regards,
Dorota
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Two major western nuclear powers are ruled by blond populists that are challenging the political establishment and act loud, wide mouthed and irresponsible in the view of neutral onlookers...
Are they political twins or is Trump master and Johnson puppet?!
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John Oliver Explains Why Boris Johnson Is Not the Same as Donald Trump https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/07/john-oliver-last-week-tonight-boris-johnson-donald-trump
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Given the current US-China trade war, what are the feasible off-ramps to end it?
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I strongly believe the US-China trade war occurs as a result of political change in the US. Discontent regarding bilateral trade with China, which has long been accumulated through the years, has triggered power shift in the US. In addition, the Chinese would never budge as they are ready for all out war. Consequently, this war would keep going on unless another power shift occurs in the US.
I don't think international governance or third country would be able to meditate this conflict. Both countries insist that they are in position to dictate the world. It is not the other way around. The Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO was skipped from the beginning. Hence this conflict can only be solved by the US and China alone.
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Hi there,
I prepare material for training workshops I'm looking for guidelines for how much should I charge/get if I prepare the content and someone else gives the material as a trainer repeated times.
For example, if we agreed that I take 50%, I'm looking for guidelines for how much I should take the second time he/she gives the material even if I did nothing the second time.
I need neutral ways to decide job offers (especially free-lance work) such as "last offer arbitration".
So here's my question: Can you recommend individuals/ institutions who can work as third party mediators/arbitrators to settle how much each side should take (especially when the service is repeated)? In agreements in general and/or the specific case of preparing training content for trainers.
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Perhaps you seek proposals for value apportionment guidelines in relation to a particular type of cooperative venture; or perhaps you are running an informal experiment to assess how much value arbitrators are willing to provide for free.
I accept commercial arbitration mandates.
Considering that you seek a "neutral" process, final offer arbitration (FOA) apparently is not appropriate for your purposes. FOA is not neutral. It works by introducing uncertainty, thereby encouraging the parties to settle in order to avoid the risk FOA creates.
The situation you describe may more appropriately be approached as copyright license valuation task. If the parties in a particular case were to agree upon this modality, I would commence the process with a conference to understand the history and nature of the copyright material. At the conference you (as the copyright holder) would be required to present financial data, if any, associated with the copyright material. Each party would be required to state the envisaged number of instances of use of the copyright material and the time period over which such use may occur. Negotiation may be required to achieve agreement on this point - but to limit arbitration costs, the parties would be advised to agree in advance. I would prepare a conference protocol and require each party to sign it. Then I would proceed to craft an award informed by market-based information on sales, licensing transactions, royalty rates, and other data for comparable copyrights. Based on the circumstances of the particular case, I would project cash flows attributable to, and avoided due to, the copyright. I would then convert the projected cash flows to a net present value using a discount rate reflecting the relative uncertainty of the cash flows. The award could be, but need not be, in the form of a specified price per use of the copyrighted material. The parties may prefer to manage risk by agreeing to abide by an award in the form of a license agreement of specified duration at a fixed license fee.
To inquire further regarding my services, please message me.
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I am looking for peer reviewed articles on the Style Matters: The Kraybill Conflict Styles Inventory in which the 40-item instrument is used.
Does anyone have any leads/resources they could link?
This is for my dissertation and would be much appreciated!
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Thank you so much David Dunaetz , it is very kind of you to share your work. I look forward to reviewing it.
Have a great day,
Laura
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I am currently studying conflict management strategies and teachers job effectiveness. The specific purpose of my study to find the relationship between
1. Arbitration strategy and teachers effectiveness
2. Dialogue and teachers effectiveness
3. Effective communication and .....
4. Smoothing strategy and ......
I will have used Pearson alone which am sure will do the work. I feel like finding the combine effect of arbitration, dialogue, effective communication, and smoothing on teachers effectiveness. Will it be nice to do this? Can I employ Pearson to run individual correlation based on the four areas, while I used multiple regression to combine all the 4 strategies on teachers effectiveness?
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Thank You all for the guidance and wonderful suggestions, i now have a strong basis to complete my work. God Bless you All
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what do you think about the most useful conflict management theory that can be applied in a department full of pioneers? (When you as a new leader and want to comment on the team members current working attitude) How to minimise the risk and maximise the impact ?
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The dominant model in conflict research is the "dual concern" theory of conflict management. It is the underlying theory of the material that Oliver presented above and incorporates many of the concepts of principled negotiation mentioned by Payal.
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Records provide primary information which can be used as a base for decision making. However, in circumstance of mismanagement or corruption systems collapse rendering decision makers vulnerable or likely to take decisions on uninformed fronts. Wrong decisions promote conflict. Lack of documentary evidence for any business has similar consequences with worth situations when it comes to litigation, etc.
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There are likely different ways of assessing "societal conflict" and therefore different ways records can be used to intervene.
* When democratic rights are threatened then records could be used to provide access to information as part of freedom of expression and association
* When researchers need to access historical records then archival institutions need to engage in public programming
* In certain instances records professionals may have classified information in their custody and therefore need to facilitate declassification processes in order to provide access
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Conflicts have been a common feature in the teaching, learning and administrative tasks undertaken in educational institutions. The causes of these conflicts arre varied. Some may be as a result of differences in goals, personality. etc.
How can the conflicts in educational institutions be proficiently managed to boost productivity in teaching, learning and administrative duties? What are the merits and demits of conflicts?
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Conflicts are needed to be handled sensibly.
The strategy to be adopted depends upon the nature and magnitude of the conflict.
The strategy to be adopted also depend upon style of leadership of the leader of educational institution.Emotional Intelligent leader shall be able to manage conflicts better and efficient.
The strategies available are "Double A Triple C"
I have been working as a Director of the Institution affiliated to Technological University and reporting to President of the Institution. The conflict environment was found under following situations:
1. Conflicts among teaching faculty members due to in-proportionate work load due to sudden absence of colleague teachers, harassment and leg pulling, politics etc.
2.Conflicts between students and faculty members on academic matters and non faculty members on fees and holiday and hostel matters
3. Conflicts between students and students due to personal ego, injustice in sport, exam, infrastructure etc.
4. Conflict between Director and faculty members on the issues of promotion, teaching load, R&D load, other activities like Cultural/ Sports/conferences etc.
5. Conflict between Director with Trustees/President of the Institution
The strategy followed was collaborating. All decisions are taken collaborating Heads of the department who will collaborate with their faculty members and mentally prepare them. Few who are not ready to follow shall be neglected (avoiding strategy)
In a conflict between director and trustee/President Compromise strategy is adopted but if it influences mass at large my students and staff , accommodating strategy is implemented after collaborating departmental heads of the departments.
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As far as I know, there is a growing literature, which discusses the potential of public service delivery to contribute to peace-building via increasing the legitimacy of service providers (often assumed to be governmental agencies), but what about the other way around? Are there situations where poor public service provision leads to a crisis of legitimacy and subsequent political instability? Are there major differences with regard to different types of services, modalities of service provision and contexts (e.g. during humanitarian emergencies)? Is there a literature that discusses these questions, in particular with reference to water services?
 
Any leads will be highly appreciated.
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Another example that comes to my mind is the privatization of drinking water supply, which triggers (sometimes even violent) conflicts. Some literature on this:
David A. McDonald, Greg Ruiters
The age of commodity: water privatization in Southern Africa [illustrated edition]
Earthscan
2005
Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution, and Profit. By Vandana Shiva. Pp. 221. (Pluto Press, London, 2002.) £12.99, ISBN 0-745-318371, paperback.
Emanuele Lobina; Philipp Terhorst; Vladimir Popov
Policy networks and social resistance to water privatization in Latin America
Elsevier
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2011
Volume:10
First page:19
Last page:25 
Bakker, Karen
Neoliberal Versus Postneoliberal Water: Geographies of Privatization and Resistance
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Year:2013
Month:03
Volume:103
Issue:2
First page:253
Last page:260
Susan Spronk
The Class Politics of Privatization: Global Perspectives on the Privatization of Public Workers, Land, and Services || Roots of Resistance to Urban Water Privatization in Bolivia: The "New Working Class," the Crisis of Neoliberalism, and Public Services
JSTOR
International Labor and Working-Class History
Year:2007
Issue:71
First page:8
Last page:28
Markus Wissen and Matthias Naumann
Privatization and Resistance: Contesting Neoliberal Globalization || A New Logic of Infrastructure Supply: The Commercialization of Water and the Transformation of Urban Governance in Germany
JSTOR
Social Justice
Year:2006
Volume:33
Issue:3 (105)
First page:20
Last page:37
Spronk, Susan
Roots of Resistance to Urban Water Privatization in Bolivia: The “New Working Class,” the Crisis of Neoliberalism, and Public Services
Cambridge University Press
International Labor and Working-Class History
Year:2007
Month:3
Volume:71
Issue:01
Nicolas Spulber, Asghar Sabbaghi (auth.)
Economics of Water Resources: From Regulation to Privatization
Springer Netherlands
1994
Carl J. Bauer (auth.)
Against the Current: Privatization, Water Markets, and the State in Chile [1 ed.]
Springer US
1998
 
Manuel Schiffler (auth.)
Water, Politics and Money: A Reality Check on Privatization [1 ed.]
Springer International Publishing
2015
Peter T. Robbins
Transnational corporations and the discourse of water privatization
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Journal of International Development
Year:2003
Volume:15
Issue:8
First page:1073
Last page:1082
Eija M. Vinnari; Jarmo J. Hukka
Great expectations, tiny benefits – Decision-making in the privatization of Tallinn water
Elsevier
Utilities Policy
Year:2007
Volume:15
Issue:2
First page:78
Last page:85
Karen Bakker
Archipelagos and networks: urbanization and water privatization in the South
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
The Geographical Journal
Year:2003
Volume:169
Issue:4
First page:328
Last page:341
Karen Bakker
The “Commons” Versus the “Commodity”: Alter-globalization, Anti-privatization and the Human Right to Water in the Global South
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
Antipode
Year:2007
Volume:39
Issue:3
First page:430
Last page:455
van de Loo, Elsa
Influence of privatization of water delivery on access to the right to water in Kenya
IWA Publishing
Water Policy
Year:2011
Month:02
Volume:13
Issue:2
FELIPE BARRERA-OSORIO; MAURICIO OLIVERA; CARLOS OSPINO
Does Society Win or Lose as a Result of Privatization? The Case of Water Sector Privatization in Colombia
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
Economica
Year:2009
Volume:76
Issue:304
First page:649
Last page:674
DAANISH MUSTAFA; PHILIP REEDER
‘People Is All That Is Left to Privatize’: Water Supply Privatization, Globalization and Social Justice in Belize City, Belize
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
Year:2009
Volume:33
Issue:3
First page:789
Last page:808
IAN YEBOAH
Subaltern strategies and development practice: urban water privatization in Ghana
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
The Geographical Journal
Year:2006
Volume:172
Issue:1
First page:50
Last page:65
Swyngedouw, Erik
Dispossessing H2O: the contested terrain of water privatization
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Capitalism Nature Socialism
Year:2005
Volume:16
Issue:1
First page:81
Last page:98
Paul Trawick
Against the Privatization of Water: An Indigenous Model for Improving Existing Laws and Successfully Governing the Commons
Elsevier
World Development
Year:2003
Volume:31
Issue:6
First page:977
Last page:996
Bauer, Carl J.
Against the Current: Privatization, Water Markets, and the State in Chile ||
Springer-Verlag
book
Year:1998
Volume:10.1007/978-1-4615-6403-4
Brisbois, Marie Claire
Contested Water: The Struggle Against Water Privatization in the United States and Canada
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Canadian Water Resources Journal
Year:2013
Month:12
Volume:38
Issue:4
First page:334
Last page:335
Frank K. Ohemeng; John K. Grant
When markets fail to deliver: An examination of the privatization and de-privatization of water and wastewater services delivery in Hamilton, Canada
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
Canadian Public Administration
Year:2008
Volume:51
Issue:3
First page:475
Last page:499
Sandra Meredith
Water privatization: the dangers and the benefits
Elsevier
Long Range Planning
Year:1992
Volume:25
Issue:4
First page:0
Last page:81
Cassey Lee
Privatization, water access and affordability: Evidence from Malaysian household expenditure data
Elsevier
Economic Modelling
Year:2011
Volume:28
Issue:5
First page:0
Last page:2128
Eduardo Araral
The failure of water utilities privatization: Synthesis of evidence, analysis and implications
Elsevier
Policy and Society
Year:2009
Volume:27
Issue:3
First page:0
Last page:228
Jeff Tan
The Pitfalls of Water Privatization: Failure and Reform in Malaysia
Elsevier
World Development
Year:2012
Volume:40
Issue:12
Degol Hailu; Rafael Guerreiro Osorio; Raquel Tsukada
Privatization and Renationalization: What Went Wrong in Bolivia’s Water Sector?
Elsevier
World Development
Year:2012
Volume:40
Issue:12
Budds, J.
Are the debates on water privatization missing the point? Experiences from Africa, Asia and Latin America
Sage Publications
Environment and Urbanization
Year:2003
Month:10
Day:01
Volume:15
Issue:2
First page:87
Last page:114
Richardson Dilworth
Privatization, the World Water Crisis, and the Social Contract
JSTOR
Political Science & Politics
Year:2007
Month:04
Volume:40
Issue:1
First page:49
Last page:54
Hirvi, Marja
Water Privatization and Social Citizenship: The Case of Urban Water Sector in Ghana
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Journal of Civil Society
Year:2012
Month:12
Volume:8
Issue:4
First page:351
Last page:368
Tornheim, Jeffrey A.; Morland, Kimberly B.; Landrigan, Philip J.; Cifuentes, Enrique
Water Privatization, Water Source, and Pediatric Diarrhea in Bolivia: Epidemiologic Analysis of a Social Experiment
Maney Publishing
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
Year:2009
Month:07
Volume:15
Issue:3
First page:241
Last page:248
Olutayo, Akinpelu; Omobowale, Ayokunle; Amzat, Jimoh
Privatization and the Social Value of Water in Africa
Versita Central European Science Journals
Human Affairs
Year:2009
Month:01
Day:1
Volume:19
Issue:3
Greiner, Patrick Trent
Social Drivers of Water Utility Privatization in the United States: An Examination of the Presence of Variegated Neoliberal Strategies in the Water Utility Sector
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
Rural Sociology
Year:2016
Month:02
Galiani, Sebastian; Gertler, Paul; Schargrodsky, Ernesto
Water for Life: The Impact of the Privatization of Water Services on Child Mortality
The University of Chicago Press
Journal of Political Economy
Year:2005
Month:02
Volume:113
Issue:1
First page:83
Last page:120
Harris, Leila M.
Gender and emergent water governance: comparative overview of neoliberalized natures and gender dimensions of privatization, devolution and marketization
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Gender Place & Culture
Year:2009
Month:08
Volume:16
Issue:4
First page:387
Last page:408
Pierce, Gregory
The Political Economy of Water Service Privatization in Mexico City, 1994–2011
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
International Journal of Water Resources Development
Year:2012
Month:12
Volume:28
Issue:4
First page:675
Last page:691
Rahaman, Abu Shiraz; Everett, Jeff; Neu, Dean
Trust, Morality, and the Privatization of Water Services in Developing Countries
Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)
Business and Society Review
Year:2013
Month:12
Volume:118
Issue:4
First page:539
Last page:575
Ahlers, R.
Fixing and Nixing: The Politics of Water Privatization
Sage Publications
Review of Radical Political Economics
Year:2010
Month:06
Day:01
Volume:42
Issue:2
First page:213
Last page:230
Franceys, R.
GATS, 'privatization' and institutional development for urban water provision: future postponed'?
Sage Publications
Progress in Development Studies
Year:2008
Month:01
Day:01
Volume:8
Issue:1
First page:45
Last page:58
Loftus, A. J
Of liquid dreams: a political ecology of water privatization in Buenos Aires
Sage Publications
Environment and Urbanization
Year:2001
Month:10
Day:01
Volume:13
Issue:2
First page:179
Last page:199
Ohemeng, Frank L. K.; Grant, John K.
Has the Bubble Finally Burst? A Comparative Examination of the Failure of Privatization of Water Services Delivery in Atlanta (USA) and Hamilton (Canada)
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis
Year:2011
Month:06
Day:
Volume:13
Issue:3
First page:287
Last page:306
Bakker, Karen J.
A Political Ecology of Water Privatization
Informa UK (Taylor & Francis)
Studies in Political Economy
Year:2003
Month:03
Day:
Volume:70
Issue:1
First page:35
Last page:58
  
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I would like to know different social survey methods can apply for human- wildlife conflict management. 
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Hi!
It will depend on what kind of information you want to obtain ( i.e, values, attitudes, socioeconomic factors, perceptions, conflict management measures, etc), as well as the time you have for your research. Structured questionnaires are a quick way to get information, however, this instrument could omit background information that would allow you a better understanding about the conflict. Then, semi or structured interviews  can enhance the topic if you want to get qualitative information (historic or cultural factors, behavior, etc). There are an other methods like focus groups, etnography and others that need more time to get information.
I suggest these papers so you can make a better decision. ( Links below)
I hope it works for you
Kind regards
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My study concerns on conflict management and dispute resolution practice in construction industry context. I am relating human factor issue derived from national culture of the construction stakeholders with their styles and preferrance to resolve disputes arising out of a construction contracts (organisation vs. organisation). I am curious to know what theories exist out there to understand conflict/dispute resolution framework. Thanks!
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The most common theoretical framework  for understanding behaviors, thoughts, and feelings in interpersonal conflict is the dual concern model of conflict (also known as conflict styles).
Here are some articles:
I strongly recommend two textbooks to get an overview of the various theoretical perspectives in conflict management:
Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate and Settlement by Pruitt and Kim (and previously Rubin)
Interpersonal Conflict by Wilmot and Hocker
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I need latest articles on the Conflict management and Leadership?
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You can try or consider my latest publication as attached.
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 In our research on authentic leadership  and conflict management we're using a number of constructs such as authentic leadership ALQ,  Thomas Kilman  conflict mode instrument CPP , and conflict management style  based on the the Rahim organizational conflict inventory.  We are trying to figure out if these three constructs are formative and therefore do not need reporting of reliability such as composite reliability. The data analysis technique we are using is smart PLS.  I can make arguments both ways as to whether they are reflective or formative constructs. Is a construct designated reflective or formative or does it depend on how we use it in the research. Does anyone have any guidance on this?
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As a rule of thumb: If items "reflect", i.e. depict a construct, it is a reflective measurement. If items "form", i.e. build a construct, it is a formative measurement.
There are some methodological papers with regard to the formative vs. reflective discussion that I would recommend for reading and citing. For example:
Finn, A., & Wang, L. (2014). Formative vs. reflective measures: Facets of variation. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2821-2826.
Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263-282.
Edwards, J. R., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2000). On the nature and direction of relationships between constructs and measures. Psychological methods, 5(2), 155-174.
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Conflict can have positive and negative effects in work teams. Positive as a force for change and better practices, negative as a force for blocking action and difficulting communication. What is happening in your teams?
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Dear Arthur and Faiz,
Conflict is an important phase in change communication. The conflict situation is not a static phenomenon and need to be observed with positive intervention. The  5th stage of Behaviour change communication talks about conflict and dissatisfaction as a possible situation once any agenda for change is set.  It needs to be brought, through effective communication,  to the level of expression on individual and shared interest. Then only the clarification of perception may be possible.
These are the usual stages which all of working on the Behavior Change Communication or Social Change Communication have encountered. Of course it requires a persistent efforts and some development communication skill.
Best.
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Dear colleagues
Could anyone help in training material on interpersonal communication, conflict management at workplace or crisis communication
Academic papers are also welcome.
Thanks
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Egidio
I did not mention that I use the situations without the questions at the beginning of a training program. The purpose is to obtain a participant's written interpersonal communication purpose/focus - especially useful in discussing e-messaging - after writing their own response then participants answer the questions.
tom 
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I am fresh researcher who doing research in graduate proposal,  my topic is conflict management and organizational performance in public sectors. so,  I read the literature; but I did not find any items to measure this variables.
please help me the measurements of each variable?
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Ali,
Measuring conflict management might not be especially useful. It's too broad of a concept. It's more common to measure different types of conflict behaviors such as competition, cooperation, accommodation, and avoidance. See the works on conflict management in organizations by Pruitt, Rahim, Jehn, Tjosvold, and de Dreu.
The textbook Interpersonal Conflict by Wilmot and Hocker is an especially good book to get an overview of the wide range of the theoretical perspectives used in the study of interpersonal conflict.
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I am looking for measures that can be used to assess children's social and emotional skills. I've made a search. On one hand, I didn't find many measures of that type, on the other hand all that I've found is based on information from an adult - parent or teacher. I would like to use a measures that are based on direct assessment with the children. I need measures that are for the age ranges 3-6, 7-11/12 years of age.
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Also look at Scott D Miller - he has researched a lot relating to CORE measures.
Good luck
Maureen
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As a Project Management Consultant, I have seen many Project Managers/Line Managers trying to resolve conflicts utilising one of the common Blake and Mouton (1964)'s strategies (i.e. Accommodating, Forcing, Compromising, Cooperating and Avoiding).
It amazes me how some of them behave similarly/differently in their professional life (i.e. in workplace) vs their non-professional life (i.e. at Home, among friends).
For instance, a project manager, who is known for utlising an "Accommodating" strategy for resolving a conflicts with his friends, surprisingly utilises a totally a different approach (e.g. Forcing) in his workplace.
On the other hand, there is a project manager, who is well-known for his "Compromising" approach regardless of the situation. 
This kind of observations initiated my question.
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Dear Morteza, 
Personality of a manager does affect his/her conflict management strategy. However, the extent of impact is dependent on the situation too at the workplace. If the manager is having high position power, impact will be different in comparison to a situation when he/she is having low position power. In other words, three components of situation as given by Fred Fiedler have a significant role to play in determining the impact of personality on conflict management strategy of a manager. In fact, conflict management strategy is likely to be an outcome of the interaction between personality of a manager and situation. You may test the hypothesis empirically. 
Best of luck! 
Dr Upinder Dhar 
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My biggest challenge is keeping the model simple enough at the outset. Have you been able to balance the need for high-level simplicity with providing the conflict details at the analysis stage? Thanks! 
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Good question. There are so many players involved with Northern Gateway, so when I tried to model them all it just got unwieldy and didn't really end up with anything useful. As I write up my decision maker rationale now I'm finding that I'm spending most of effort explaining why I'm leaving them out of the model, since it's supposed to be focused on DMs that actually have a move to make, and that's constantly changing. 
The new interface is actually pretty darn good. Let me know if you want to connect with the folks that developed it. Here's two articles that might be of interest. 
Thanks again!! You've been very helpful! 
- Mark 
Kinsara, R. a., Kilgour, D. M., & Hipel, K. W. (2015). Inverse Approach to the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 45(5 May 2015), 734–742.
Systems methodologies to model third-party intervention in international conflicts are developed within the frame- work of the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR). An inverse GMCR is introduced to utilize the GMCR as a negoti- ation tool by altering the procedure of the original framework. The methodologies presented give a better understanding of how decision makers (DMs) can be motivated to undertake certain actions within the conflict. Moreover, the inverse GMCR tackles the problem of specifying which preferences for DMs lead to a particular resolution, thereby making it easier for a mediator or other third party to influence the course of the conflict. The methodologies are applied to a real-world dispute, a complex water conflict in the Middle East.
Kinsara, R. a., Hipel, K. W., & Kilgour, D. M. (2013). Inverse Approach in Third Party Intervention. 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2433–2436.
A historical water conflict along the Euphrates River in the Middle East is investigated and analyzed using the inverse approach to the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR). The essence of this methodology is to inform the mediators of the possible approaches to reach a more desired resolution. The goal is to allow mediators to focus their efforts on influencing the involved parties efficiently in order to achieve an improved resolution. Index Terms—Third Party, Conflict Resolution, Graph Model, Mediation, Inverse Approach.
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In my model I intend to include risk taking and opportunity recognition as  mediating variables. Risk taking is a sub-dimension of entrepreneurial orientation though. Do I have to use entrepreneurial orientation or is there enough justification on whether I can use risk taking as a separate construct  
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Hi Ugur,
I think you could consider the risk taking as a separate construct (or a sub-construct of, at list). There is many studies that consider it as a separate construct (see Lejuez et al. 2002 "Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking", The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8(2):75-84.
I found also an interesting Phd dissertation that consider risk taking as a separate construct (p.106), (see Swift M.L. (2007). The Social Exchange of Knowledge goal orientations in in shaping knowledge source sharing behaviors.)
Hope you find your answer, have a good summer!
Loredana
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Negotiation is a dialogue between two parties intended to reach a mutually beneficial outcome, resolve points of difference, to gain advantage for an individual or collective, or to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests in organisation.
Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings & among nations. Professional negotiators are often specialized, such as union negotiators, leverage buyout negotiators, peace negotiators, hostage negotiators, or may work under other titles, such as diplomats, legislators or brokers.
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Dear @Gopinath, different types of conflicts exist in organization, such as conflict between individual,conflict between groups of people and conflict within a group of people. "Three methods of resolving situations that have reached the stage of open conflict are often used by many different organisations. It is important to understand these methods, so that people can decide which methods will work best for them in their specific conflict situation:
Negotiation: this is the process where mandated representatives of groups in a conflict situation meet together in order to resolve their differences and to reach agreement. It is a deliberate process, conducted by representatives of groups, designed to reconcile differences and to reach agreements by consensus. The outcome is often dependent on the power relationship between the groups. Negotiations often involve compromise - one group may win one of their demands and give in on another. In workplaces Unions and management representative usually sue negotiations to solve conflicts. Political and community groups also often use this method.
Mediation: when negotiations fail or get stuck, parties often call in and independent mediator. This person or group will try to facilitate settlement of the conflict. The mediator plays an active part in the process, advises both or all groups, acts as intermediary and suggests possible solutions. In contrast to arbitration (see below) mediators act only in an advisory capacity - they have no decision-making powers and cannot impose a settlement on the conflicting parties. Skilled mediators are able to gain trust and confidence from the conflicting groups or individuals.
Arbitration: means the appointment of an independent person to act as an adjudicator (or judge) in a dispute, to decide on the terms of a settlement. Both parties in a conflict have to agree about who the arbitrator should be, and that the decision of the arbitrator will be binding on them all. Arbitration differs from mediation and negotiation in that it does not promote the continuation of collective bargaining: the arbitrator listens to and investigates the demands and counter-demands and takes over the role of decision-maker. People or organisations can agree on having either a single arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators whom they respect and whose decision they will accept as final, in order to resolve the conflict..."
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Does anyone have examples of questions for (in-depth semi structured) interviews regarding the correlation between gender and conflict management styles? (I am studying their behaviors, self-perception and intentions). Thank you in advance!
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Dear researcher, I am conducting a research about the role of media in conflict management, although it seems clear and easy task.. but, I have encounter an instrument problem, as I try to use content analysis to deal with the issue of Darfur conflict in the Sudanese media, there is no archive or at least not enough to give significant results  , so any suggestions please?
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We tried to used educational games to teach conflict management.
In our study, the effectiveness of Role Play was compared against that of an educational computer-based game (ECBG). These two methods were applied in the conflict resolution (CR) part of a business communication course in a Singaporean university.
Teaching Conflict Resolution: A Study of Two Interactive Methods. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271148766_Teaching_Conflict_Resolution_A_Study_of_Two_Interactive_Methods [accessed Apr 26, 2015].
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i am working on role of media in managing conflicts across the globe and want some good books or studies related to that
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Try Contemporary Conflict Resolution at http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745649740 You can view table of contents and download sample chapters here 
also see Hoffman and Hawkins Communication and Peace at http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9781138018044/ 
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I want to explore if there exists a relationship between perceived racism and patient self-efficacy in communication with healthcare providers. Can any of you suggest a secondary data set that captured this information?
Thank you.
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Dear Aron, 
I have pointed out that misuse of language more than once before so please do not worry. 
In that case, I would suggest the work of Bonilla-Silva Race without Racism ch, 3 (2010), "The style of Color Blindness: How to talk Nasty to Minorities without Sounding Racist, This has helped me tremendously in my work on racist language.
Second Please check http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/8882842. This is a article on "Racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans: a thirteen year national panel study." Even though it is from Europe is has some relevance.
Third you may find some sources in this article http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1994-25444-001 "Racism, sexism, and social class: Implications for studies of health, disease, and well-being". Krieger, Nancy; Rowley, Diane L.; Herman, Allen A.; Avery, Byllye; et al American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol 9(6, Suppl), Nov-Dec 1993, 82-122
Fourth Here are some secondary sources you find helpful,
Racial Bias Among Doctors Linked To Dissatisfaction With ...
Patients' Beliefs About Racism, Preferences for Physician ...
Treating The Disease of Racism - Johns Hopkins Medicine
www.hopkinsmedicine.org/.../treating... This one looks interstering!
I hope this helps and I will check with my colleagues and find out more.
In solidarity,
Douglas 
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I would like to see research on radical disagreement theory.
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A theory of radical disagreement is contrasted with an example. In the theory radical disagreement is described as a juxtaposition of equivalent subjective narratives that do not ‘reflect truth’ but merely serve as ‘motivational tools’ for group survival. In the example, it can be seen that neither speaker is saying that. The Palestinian claim (A) is not about a subjective narrative or motivational tool, but about a lived reality endured for 60 years. And the Israeli claim (B) is not about a juxtaposition of equivalent accounts, but a fierce refutation of faults and misrepresentations in what the other says. This mismatch between third party theory and participant example explains a great deal about why third party interventions based on those theoretical assumptions fail.
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In case of Pakistan, there are factions of society which demand that the government should negotiate with the terrorists and militant groups. To what extent it can be useful in your opinion? 
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Hi Muhammad,
Negotiation with terrorist groups has both cultural and political impacts.
For instance Hessam Vaez-Zadeh in an article evaluated European approaches towards conflict settlement with terrorist groups. He indicated violence, negotiation, and peace accordingly.
However, in the Middle East, terrorism is indicated with a "total war". 
As part of a project for The Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration I am evaluating the "Political culture of finding resolution with terrorist acts: A comparative study of EU and ME".
Hence, I can say that Pakistani government negotiation with terrorists in Pakistan, without understanding its cultural and political paradigm, is useless.
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I'm working with conflict between human and bats in a chilean city, I need to know another experiences around the world, with bats, e.g. Tadarida brasiliensis
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Hi again.
There is a very recent and interesting article on bats in urban environments:
Russo, D. & L. Ancillotto (in press). Sensitivity of bats to urbanization: A review. Mammal. Biol. (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2014.10.003.
It may be useful for you...
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It seems like lots of scholars cited the scale developed by PE Spector(1987), which was not shown in his paper.
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Jehn, K.A. (1995), “A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 40, pp. 256-82.
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What happens when distinct segments are brought together in service situations? How are conflicts managed? How does that affect customer satisfaction and evaluations of quality? Can anyone share references to studies related to conflicts arising when various market segments interact with one another?
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Referring as an example to my article which you can download  "Assessment of customer service and service guarantee impacts for airlines" you will notice that there are already distinct segments market related but are also amalgamated by the word service. Despite that there conflicting each other, there is also one or more areas that harmonize each other. The best approach to handle such conflict is to manage each construct separately. On the way, you also discovers that such conflicts are harmonizing themselves within the constructs. However, there are negative impacts when it comes to customer satisfaction and evaluation of quality although not always but depends on how the conflicting segments have been harmonized by the researcher. 
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I’m currently looking for a way to rank the success of different conflict resolution and/ or peacebuilding initiatives throughout the world. Do you know of any data project with such indicators or methodological literature, which would help me discerning the most relevant criteria for determining various levels of success?
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Whatever method you chose, it will be your interpretation. Without a significant write-up on limitations, it'll be viewed with with scepticism by many academics (although you might make a nice graphic for USA Today). Peacebuilding initiatives are highly complex phenomenon and really warrant qualitative analysis, as was noted previously in another comment. Another reference on the complexity of the issue: James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State.
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Studies have shown that role conflict and role ambiguity as big factors in work stress among employees of organizations. (I thank a good friend - Mahfuz - for bringing out this point in discussion on stress management). Since work stress is negatively related to job satisfaction, it is important to understand and alleviate role conflict and role ambiguity in organizations. Why do organizations have these problems of role conflict and role ambiguity? How can the organizations reduce these problems leading to stress at work? Your views are welcome.
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I agree, there is always a difference between perceived role and expected role. There are many dimensions influencing this. One is the personal attitude towards engagement and decision making of those involved. If people have different working style *and* overlapping responsibilities *and* overlapping ambitions - there will be a conflict and stress. As soon as people work in teams there is always role ambiguity for other reasons also - for example dealing with *exceptions* in decision making. The informal leadership and social agreements within the team makes a big difference when it comes to stress levels of individual members. This is about collaboration, willingness to share decision making (trust) and also personal awareness of self limitations. Priority settings within teams influences. When complex problem situations are dealt with - contextual judgement by team members can often be divergent and so compromises are likely - the question is how this is handled and perceived. A good way to study this issue would be to look at research in family therapy - within families there are always decision making situations which are not equally optimal for all involved. Even simple things are influenced by who is *allowed* to dominate any decision in context (if the self assumed decision maker is not allowed to dominate the family will drift apart and be dysfunctional), The interactions between individuals can be complex, sometimes decisions are distributed according to type and sometimes decision making is distributed according to context (such as time and space etc) sometimes decision making is distributed on turn (such as this project is run by A and the next is run by B etc). In crisis the roles can be changed - either by agreement *or* by 'force' - e.g. A takes over a project from B because A judges that the project is derailing and disqualifies B from further 'control' (e.g. disqalification).
Role conflict and role ambiguity are not the same thing. Role ambiguity does not necessarily lead to role conflict. In my view an effective organization *must* have role ambiguity or the staff will not be supported to thrive and push the organization towards excellence. Without role ambiguity individual members are not supported in making truly contextually judged decisions based on their knowledge and overall competences. Thus as a consequence the most engaged employees could not realize their ambitions to do a really good job without role ambiguity and so the stress levels of the best people would become higher (compared to not having role ambiguity). Role ambiguity also allows good collaborating team-members to complement other members efforts as part of their own ambitions.
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This is content analysis but I am not sure of the political aspect of conflicts in newspapers to get them resolved.
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This question is quite broad and extremely open-ended. Let me first state that, you need to set out the key variables (which in your opinions constitute political manoeuvres) that you would like to measure in this case. At the same time, you should define what you term as conflicting issues. These could be social, economic, political, legal, or environmental issues. This is a bright question.
The next thing that you need to know is that newspapers (broadsheets or tabloids) have their political or policy leanings, and this is normal. But these do not affect news columns because of the professional requirements of good journalism. However, newspapers provide special opinion columns for debates and these are clearly identified as opinions (Op-Eds).
As you plan to measure the variables based on selected criteria, there is a need to select or identify the newspapers (tabloids or broadsheets) to be assessed using a method or procedure called Content Analysis. Read more about this methodology. For example, decide on which issues are to be analysed (duration), and the contents involve size of columns, headings, pictures, personalities, and the frequencies of the coverage in the selected publications. Find the details from the internet.
I suggest this question is reviewed. My opinion is that manipulations are usually unfair or dishonest tactics which are intended to achieve specific ends or objectives. In this case, it involves two or more competitions or opposing sides. These may at times be synonymous with propaganda, misinformation, deception, or disinformation. This means they are quite aware of the falsehoods.
In addition, it may also involve very competitive debates or serious arguments by the contestants in question. Political arguments by politicians or policy makers, academic debates by professionals or intellectuals; may present conflicting views, but these cannot be called manipulations. It is normal for people to agree to disagree on an issue.
In a free society, dissenting views are not only encouraged but also promoted by laws, institutional practice, and constitutions. There is a need for evidence of manoeuvres, the standard of evidence is very critical to justify any claims for political manoeuvres. There is a need to define the term in question or present an operational definition of it. You may have columns on (on the political manoeuvres) on social, economic, political or legal, and environment issues.
The phrase conflicting issues need to be well clarified because issues by themselves do not conflict. Instead there are conflicting views, decisions, laws, or policies on issues. My view is that, issues by definition are facts which people interpret or perceive differently (have different points of view). So the conflicts are about attitudes, perceptions, or misperceptions or manipulations. Our perceptions or attitudes are formed by our background or upbringing (social (e.g. culture and religion), economic, environmental, and political beliefs, orientations, or practices).
The reasoning here is that, issues are by definition, facts which people interpret differently (the conflicts are in the interpretations of issues but not in the issues themselves). For example, people may have different views about what they think are the causes of deforestation or land degradation in a particular place. The issue (fact or reality) is deforestation or land degradation.
While one side of the arguments may attribute deforestation or land degradation corruption, international trade in timber, or agricultural expansion; another side, may blame them on population pressure, lack of public awareness, weak environmental laws, or even mass poverty. For example, others argue that, poverty is both the agent and victim of environmental degradation.
The other issue that should be considered is that newspapers represent different political shades. Their editorial policies defend or propagate the proprietors’ points of view such as political agenda. Likewise, in a democratic society, it is not only normal to have alternative views under freedom of expression, democratic, pluralistic society, and media pluralism.
The media such as newspapers have a social responsibility to act as a market place of ideas as they provide the public sphere (debating arena) for all kinds of views. Political debates or disagreements are promoted by the media for better accountability and transparency as well as policy elaboration on various platforms for citizens or as part of civic or voter education at times. It is during such debates that the audience (the public) will judge if anyone is simply manoeuvring or not.
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I am looking for a finite collection of negotiation tactics (such as argumentation, ultimatum, boulwarism). Such tactics should be clearly defined and described in the article.
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My advice would be to read the reference bibliography listed in the Harvard Negotiation Program. I found it extremely useful as guidelines and techniques. Then you can improve them with your own personal experience and practice.
I have modeled a two party behaviour with the different text books but very especially with "Negotiation", by Richard Luecke (Harvard Business Essentials)
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I've been working in 4 organizations, educational and service org. 3 of them implement conflict management as solution to have loyalist and obey employment. Where as 1 apply crisis management in early stage of organization development as result of unwanted conflict of unbalance cost for salary to income.
What is your opinion and reference for when crisis or conflict management is required?
Is it necessary to have this kind of management?
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Crisis management is required from the identification moment of a crisis or conflict.
The earlier time will be determined by identifying the crisis, the better.
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This research finding shows that a change in operational policy of minor / medium irrigation schemes by forgoing one third of the cultivation under minor / medium irrigation schemes or keeping one fourth of the storage of minor / medium irrigation schemes at any time will gain an average of 45% to 65% of the loss of water table in any consecutive seasons in almost 80% to 90% of the catchment area under consideration.
The full research thesis can be viewed from this link
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The attachment is also giving more information about the operation and development of resource on post conflict scenario.
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A conflict is not necsessarily good or bad, it should be evaluated in terms of individual and organizational functions and dysfunctions.
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Sometimes it is good and sometimes it is good depending on the situations and circumstances around the group
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Change the parties, interests and BATNA is in your favor, design more valuable offers and align your tactics with all the above.
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1) Identify the criteria of credibility that the other part uses. Try to meet a few and show to the other party that you are a credible partner.
2) Redefine reality and create a problem to the other party ... People do not trade for nothing.
3) Identify a context where you are stronger than the other side and bring these forces into the discussion as a potential contribution of your future partnership.
4) Evaluate the five strategies proposed by Tomas & Killman
(Thomas, KW (1992) Conflict and conflict management:.. Reflections and update Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13 (3), 265-274) to better anticipate what is the best strategy.
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I look this as a very rapid and immediate need and I have proved that during the implementation of ENReP project. But politicians are not happy about this.
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Generally the answer is "Yes", for several reasons.
1. Trust between and among conflicting sides takes time to revive and sustain.
2. The--a-- stronger side may still make effort to impose its own will.
3. Depending on the length of the conflict there may be generations infused with "wrong histories" and prejudices, making true reconciliation and peaceful coexistence a similarly several generations' long effort.
4. Sometimes a slower process is more natural and acceptable with stronger "buy-in" and is not necessarily deleterious.
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Most of the resettled people want grants or subsidy to improve their livelihood. Will thia create the dependency syndrome?
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From the social welfare point of view , farmers in post conflict resettlement area may be given subsidy or grant however it should be a time specific subsidy so as to avoid the activation of what is being termed as dependency syndrome..moreover if some sort of a measure or indicator is developed so that the subsidy amount is linked to fruition of livelihood creation or improvement then the beneficiaries are likely to become more accountable. A time specific and objective specific grant or subsidy is likely to lessen the fiscal burden as well as enable the spreading out of the subsidy net to more beneficiaries.
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Many conflict experts believe traditonal CAR interventions are limited to diplomacy and 3rd party efforts. It is obvious that we need to do more and think of new efforts/theories. Could books, articles and targeted policy papers be considered?
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Roland, a good question, but first I should say that I do not think it is obvious that new theories/efforts need to be developed. Existing theory seems to work fine. Practice, however, is affected not only by a variety of historical and political contexts as well as available resources to devote to CAR, but also by on-the-ground decisions, such as whom to include in negotiation rounds, and how to credibly commit to the safety of those at the table, etc... Throw in personalities and individual idiosyncrasies, and you get confounding variables that cannot be accounted or by any coherent theory that is also understandable.
With that in mind, it seems that the heart of your question is really about how to improve CAR outcomes - i.e., produce more binding and credible peace agreements, reduce the frequency, magnitude, and duration of conflicts, etc. To your point, what I think the main problem CAR wonks have is the disjointed nature with which people tend to treat conflict. To most, conflict has separate parts - the conflict, the negotiations, and the post-conflict. The lead-up to conflict is rarely included except as background, and each of these phases - though characteristically unique - are more fluid and overlapping than work I have read would suggest. Furthermore, the wisdom that has accumulated over how to deal with each of these phases has never been amalgamated into a useful hands-on tool, as far as I know. Partly, this is likely because of the propensity to rely on context-dependent case studies in CAR scholarship, which tend to have limited generalizability. I have never come across a really accessible, cogent and practical text or handbook that details the phases of conflict, critical factors, contingencies, alternative modalities of intervention, and caveats and practical considerations. Most of these things tend to be learned "on the job", with little knowledge being institutionalized. My personal feeling is that this would be one of the greatest immediate contributions to the field of CAR.