Conductivity - Science topic

Homogenization techniques are an appealing approach to reduce computational complexity in systems containing coils with large numbers of high temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes. Resolving all the coated conductor layers and turns in coils is often computationally prohibitive. In this paper, we extend the foil conductor model, well-known in norm...

Researchers are exploring composite materials to address the challenges of conductivity and stability in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which have significant potential for photocatalysis, especially in light‐driven water splitting for hydrogen production. Composites orientated toward metal sulfide/MOF synthesis for photocatalytic hydrogen trigge...

Vanadium oxides are known for their metal–insulator transition (MIT), with V3O5 being notable for its transition temperature exceeding room temperature. At about 430 K, this material shows a change in crystal symmetry accompanied with one order of magnitude increase in its electrical conductivity and alterations in its optical properties. Although...

This study focuses on the distribution of high‐resistance media (pores and spinels) within ZnO $\text{ZnO}$ varistors and explores the mechanical and electrical failure mechanisms of varistors under different pulse actions. Micro‐CT technology revealed that the proportion of high‐resistance media in the edge area is much higher than in the internal...

A key hurdle in optimizing sodium-ion battery (SIB) performance is developing cost-effective, highly stable anode materials. Biomass-derived carbon has emerged as a leading candidate due to its recyclability and structural benefits. As a cellulose-rich biomass waste, Rosa roxburghii pomace (RRP) can be transformed into hard carbon materials with po...

The persistent flatness of galactic rotation curves is conventionally explained by dark matter. Within the Tanfarid Quantum Thermodynamic Universe (TQTU) framework, we demonstrate that electromagnetic curvature forces and vacuum-plasma coupling fully account for observed rotation profiles. A universal magnetic scaling law (B ∝ R −0.75 ω) and dark-p...

This study presents the development of hysteresis-free GaN-based p-channel gate injection transistors. The exceptional quality of the AlGaN/GaN hetero-interface, where the 2-D electron gas (2DEG) serves as the back gate metal, substantially contributes to nearly eliminating threshold hysteresis in the produced p-GIT. Furthermore, the 2DEG back gate...

Rational design of unique nanostructures and suitable compositions is essential for highly‐efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. Metal single‐atoms (M‐SAs) anchored on hollow‐structured carbon‐based materials have emerged as promising absorbers owing to their unique nanostructures and tunable electronic configurations. However,...

Supercapacitors are characterized by high safety, excellent rate performance, fast charging and discharging, long cycle life, and good cycling stability, making them ideal energy storage devices for applications ranging from portable electronic devices to renewable energy integration. As a kind of active materials for supercapacitors, LDHs have att...

Soil resistivity is the main factor affecting the performance of grounding system. Existing studies show that soil moisture determines soil resistivity. However, the microscopic mechanism of soil resistivity change driven by pore water content remains unclear. To solve this problem, a three-dimensional fractal model of soil was developed to study t...

We present the non-linear DC photoconductivity of graphene under strong infra-red (IR) radiation. The photoconductivity is obtained as the response to a strong DC electric field, with field strengths outside of the linear-response regime, while the IR radiation is described by a strong AC electric field. The conductivity displays two distinct regim...

Separator modification is a facile approach for ensuring stable cycling of lithium metal batteries. Here, a hybrid polymer coated separator with high Young's modulus and ion conductivity is designed by integrating proton‐doped polyaniline (PANi) nanosheets with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP). Density functional theory (...

The present study employed the chemical bath deposition technique to fabricate In2Zn2S5 films of different thicknesses. X-ray analysis of the In2Zn2S5 films demonstrated their polycrystalline nature, exhibiting a single rhombohedral phase corresponding to the In2Zn2S5 phase. The structural features of the In2Zn2S5 samples show that crystallite size...

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wetlands vary spatially, influencing total greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. Accurately quantifying these variations is essential for refining CH4 and N2O budgets and developing effective mitigation strategies. This study applies the closed chamber method to assess CH4 and N2O flux variability over fi...

The multilevel characteristic of a single memristor cell offers a promising alternative to using multiple FETs for the same data storage capacity. Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, with its atomically thin structure and tunable surface-dependent electronic properties, is a strong candidate for multifunctional electronic materials and devices. However, the high c...

A network of metallic nanowires (NWs) is a suitable alternative to thin-film oxides for the production of flexible transparent electrodes. Currently available assembly strategies allow for the deposition of NWs in a highly ordered state, with cross-aligned arrangements achieved by stacking layers of NWs with perpendicular preferential orientations....

Perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE, C3F6O) has recently been identified as a new promising alternative to SF6. To obtain priori knowledge of the arc quenching ability of C3F6O mixtures, the arc plasma properties including particle composition, thermodynamic properties, transport coefficients and net emission coefficient (NEC) are calculated for C3F6...

The deformation of Cu-20 wt.% Fe alloy wires leads to a significant improvement in mechanical properties and a decrease in electrical conductivity. Simultaneous improvements in strength and conductivity were achieved by intermediate annealing of drawn Cu-20 wt.% Fe wires. As the annealing temperature increased, the strength of Cu-20 wt.% Fe alloy w...

Water Plan (WP) is a clean water treatment unit that supplies water for residential areas, offices, and factory operations at PT Semen Padang. One of the main issues faced by WP is the low water level in the canal due to inadequate monitoring by operators, which can lead to operational disruptions and even production shutdowns. This study aims to d...

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) simultaneously possessing strong spin‐orbit coupling, near room‐temperature ferromagnetism, and excellent conductivity are scarce while they show great potential applications in oxide spintronics. Here, a TMO with all these features is reported, existing as an interfacial phase in the 4d Ca0.5Sr0.5RuO3 layer sandwiche...

To produce high-performance anode materials for lithium/sodium batteries via sustainable strategies is still one of the most essential tasks in battery research. A biomass-based carbon-tin oxide composite (BC/SnO2) is prepared through pyrolysis of birch tree waste using phosphoric acid as an activator and its electrochemical performance as a sustai...

The development of high-performance cathode materials is crucial for advancing the commercial viability of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Vanadium-based materials have emerged as promising cathode candidates due to their affordability and high capacity. However, challenges such as low electrical conductivity, structural instability, and sluggish Zn²⁺ d...

Plant hydraulics govern water transport linking root to mesophyll surfaces, affecting gas‐exchange, survival and growth. Xylem and leaf structural and functional characteristics vary widely among Pinus species, even when growing under similar conditions. We quantified the variation of xylem anatomy, hydraulic function, and within‐tree hydraulic res...

In the long-wavelength limit, Bloch-band Berry curvature has no effect on the bulk plasmons of a two-dimensional electron system. In this Letter, we show instead that bulk plasmons are a probe of real-space topology. In particular, we focus on orbital Skyrme textures in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides, presenting detailed semiclassical and...

Halide perovskites have emerged as promising room-temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials due to their ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. Significant progress has been made in enhancing electrical conductivity, thereby improving TE performance in recent years. However, the trade-off between TE performance and material stability remains a key...

Conductive nanocomposites of polypyrrole (PPy) with various nanostructures were synthesized through in situ polymerization of pyrrole, incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanofillers. This unique combination leverages the high conductivity of CNTs, the redox activity of Fe₃O₄, and the electrochemical versatility of PPy...

This study investigates optical and electrical properties of thin melanin films self-organized grown from water solutions of eumelanin extracted from edible plants. The melanin films exhibit the characteristics of a transparent low conductive polymer with stable in time electrical parameters. The films demonstrate high values of absorption coeffici...

In this study, a thoroughly durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, nickel phosphide (NiP2), was grown on conductive Ti3C2 MXenes synthesized via a non-HF hydrothermal route. This approach utilizes MXenes as both a support and promoter to accelerate charge transfer, enabling efficient HER at a very low overpotential. A hydrotherm...

Aluminum 1050 is widely valued for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and relevance in industrial applications. However, its use in additive manufacturing, particularly for structural applications, remains limited. This study explores the potential of fabricating Aluminum 1050 components using Wire Arc Additive...

Flexible and stretchable conductors have been widely considered crucial components in future electronic devices, due to their ability to maintain good conductivity while being bent and/or stretched, i.e. combined electrical and mechanical properties. Fabricating these conductors with simple processes and outstanding properties is constantly pursued...

Covalent organic polymers (COPs), featuring conjugated architectures, high porosity, and structural tenability, have emerged as promising candidates for photocatalytic applications. However, the design and synthesis of three‐dimensional (3D) sp²‐carbon‐conjugated COPs, along with their photocatalytic performances, remain underexplored. Here, we syn...

Graphene aerogels (GAs) exhibit exceptional potential in energy storage, particularly for high‐capacity supercapacitors (SCs), owing to their unique three‐dimensional (3D) porous structure, high conductivity, and mechanical stability. Despite limitations in electron transport and surface polarity, their performance can be enhanced through structura...

In this research, the n-Si wafer is used to generate Au/n-Si (C0), Au/PVC/n-Si (C1), and Au/PVC: Molybdenum (Mo)/n-Si (C2) structures to examine the effects of PVC and PVC:Mo interlayers on the electrophysical characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The mean crystallite size of the Mo nanostructure is computed by X-ray diffraction (XRD)...

NiCo2O4 is a ferrimagnetic oxide with an inverse spinel structure that has garnered significant research interest due to its unique properties, including relatively high electrical conductivity, mixed-valence cations, and a Néel temperature exceeding room temperature. Furthermore, epitaxial NiCo2O4 thin films provide an exciting platform for tuning...

The realization of artificial neural circuits requires synaptic materials and devices that show adaptation at different time scales to modulate signal transmission between neurons according to the desired applications. Sensory‐motor and intelligence operation in the brain relies on the dynamical properties of synapses that adapt to the frequency an...

ZnxW1-xO3 have been examined through simulation and experimental methods to investigate its suitability for wide-range optical and thermoelectric applications. The simulations were performed prior to the experimental investigations using density functional calculations based TB-mBJ approximation. Same compositions were grown in uniform phase pure c...

The use of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder dissolved in toxic N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) organic solvent needs to be decreased during the manufacturing battery process to improve safety. Therefore, the development of aqueous‐based binders for negative and positive electrodes is necessary to make the production environmentally friendly. This...

In this study, we examined the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of light beams reflected from the surfaces of various two-dimensional hexagonal materials. We employed a generalized Hamiltonian to analytically derive the band structures, longitudinal, and Hall conductivities of these materials. By manipulating the interaction between external electric fields...

The global prevalence of hypertension affects billions of individuals, yet only 21% of those impacted manage their condition. Although commercial non‐clinical blood pressure monitoring devices are available, they are bulky and inconvenient, so they are incapable of continuous and long‐term monitoring. Consequently, these devices are not appropriate...

We present an analytical and numerical study of the entropy production rate in laminar counter-flow parallel plate heat exchangers, aiming to investigate the interplay between multi-dimensional wall conduction, entropy production, and the optimum wall conductivity that leads to maximum effectiveness. The analysis assumes that the Peclet number is s...

Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac states and Dirac points with linear dispersion are the hallmark of graphene, topological insulators, semimetals, and superconductors. Lowering a symmetry by the ferroelectric polarization opens the gap in Dirac points and introduces finite Berry curvature. Combining this with Dirac points detached from high symmetry point...

Cu-Cr-O delafossite thin films were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition with various extrinsic dopants (Al, Mg, Mn, Sc, Y, and Zn) targeted at 5 at % to investigate how such doping influences their structure and properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the actual dopant incorporation is well below the nominal 5 %, wit...

Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion synthesis present a versatile platform for the development of porous nanostructures with tunable morphology and physicochemical properties. Synthesis conditions and parameters such as fuel type; fuel-to-oxidizer ratio and temperature control lead yielding; and Co3O4 NPs with fine particle size,...

Photocatalytic water splitting offers a viable and sustainable method for hydrogen production. MXenes, a class of 2D transition-metal carbides/nitrides, have emerged as potential photocatalysts and co-catalysts due to their tunable electronic properties, high conductivity, and surface functionality. This review explores recent advances in MXene-bas...

Deep eutectic polymer electrolytes (DEPEs) have emerged as highly promising next‐generation electrolytes, offering unparalleled electrochemical performance and safety. Their excellence stems from a synergistic blend of the robust mechanical stability of solid polymer electrolytes and the exceptional interfacial wettability and superior thermal resi...

In this note we consider lattice fermions on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with a gapped ground state and show how to apply the NEASS approach to linear response to derive the formula for the Hall conductance in terms of an expectation of a commutator of modified step functions. This formula is usually derived by a charge pumping argument going back to Laughlin....

The half-Heusler (hH) compounds are currently considered promising thermoelectric (TE) materials due to their favorable thermopower and electrical conductivity. Accurate estimates of these properties are therefore highly desirable and require a detailed understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that govern transport. To enable such estimations, w...

Important material properties like thermal conductivity are often represented as symmetric positive definite (SPD) tensors, which exhibit variability due to inherent material heterogeneity and manufacturing uncertainties. These tensors reside on a curved Riemannian manifold, and accurately modeling their stochastic nature requires preserving both t...

In modern power transmission systems, AC cables are increasingly integrated with overhead lines, forming hybrid networks. These cables are frequently exposed to repeated impulse voltages from the overhead lines. While surge arresters offer partial protection, the long‐term effects of these impulses on polypropylene (PP) insulation remain unclear. T...

We study the superfluid density $n_s(T)$ of pair-density-wave (PDW) superconductors; this determines where they are unstable and establishes signatures of their unusual order. Here we compute $n_s(T)$ for the 2D unidirectional PDW superconducting phases that emerge from a microscopic model (with nearest neighbor attraction). With gapped and gapless...

Citation: Jia, X.; Lushnikova, A.; Plé, O. Use of Carbon Nanotubes for the Functionalization of Concrete for Sensing Applications. Sensors 2025, 25, 3755. https://doi. Abstract: This study advances the development of self-sensing concrete through functionalization with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for structural health monitoring. Through experimental a...

Aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention as the most promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to their low cost, inherent safety, and high energy density. However, their practical application is hindered by the poor electronic conductivity of iodine cathodes and the severe shuttling effect of interme...

Solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are attracted significant attention for their potential to enhance safety and energy density in energy storage systems. However, two major challenges persist, namely low ionic conductivity and interface instability. A composite polymer electrolyte with superior ionic conductivity and interface stability is de...

Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in energy harvesting and storage, owing to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, intrinsic metallic conductivity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. However, for practical electrochemical applications, MXenes must be effectively integrated...

Sepragen Corpora on, based in Union City, California, provides breakthrough products and processes to the biotechnology and nutraceutical industries for their process development and manufacturing needs. Our bench top system the QS Trusty 1000 LX is a highly adaptable platform and here we demonstrate its ability to be used for an integrated semi co...

Localized electrochemical deposition (LECD) is a novel technique for the fabrication of metal microstructures, which enables the precise deposition of metal structures at designated locations. Currently, copper constitutes the majority of deposited metal microstructures owing to its high electrical conductivity, low cost, and favorable fatigue resi...

Plain Language Summary During space weather events the level of high energy charged particles (electrons) can increase substantially in regions where satellites orbit the Earth. These charged particles accumulate on satellite surfaces and internal components and can lead to an electrostatic discharge, anomalies and service disruption. Whilst there...

A Piston is a vital piece of a motor which responds at extremely fast bringing about development of the vehicle. The fundamental reason for a piston is to move power from chamber to driving rod through interfacing pole. Typically the cylinder is made of aluminium composite which have less weight and high warm conductivity. In any case, the aluminiu...

In this work, the fracture behavior of carbon fibers (CFs) with 2 and 10‐mm original lengths in polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) blends was investigated. Experimental results found that the residual length of 2 mm of CFs in PPS/SEBS/CF composites was longer at 0.14, 0.17, and 0.22 mm for 15, 20, and 25 wt% of CFs...

Vanadium oxides have been explored extensively as electroactive materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). In this study, V 2 O 5 nanospikes (VO-NS) were synthesized via thermal decomposition of dodecylamine from vanadium oxide nanotubes (VO-NTs), and its performance as cathode material for ZIBs was systematically investigated. The resulting VO...

This study presents a novel thermoelectric system that integrates the Seebeck and Peltier effects to determine the conductivity type of semiconductors with high precision and improved energy efficiency. Traditional Seebeck measurement setups typically require high-power resistive heaters and bulky cooling systems, consuming up to 500W of electrical...

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for clean energy production; however, it often suffers from high overpotentials during water electrolysis, significantly increasing the cost of hydrogen production. To address this, cost-effective Fe-doped CoS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, achieving enhanced electrocatal...

The present study was carried out to study the hydrological parameters of Abu Dhabi coastal waters during January 2022 to December 2023 by using integrated real time buoy data which is an effective tool for early warning systems for conservation needs. The variations in temperature, salinity and pH were prominent in relation to stations and seasons...

This study investigates the effect of assuming isotropic properties for the heart's myocardium on the Body Surface Potential Map (BSPM) under both homogeneous and inhomogeneous torso volume conductor models. The human torso was modeled as an inhomogeneous volume using CT data, and the heart as a volume source based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)...

Weyl fermions are powerful yet simple entities that connect geometry, topology, and physics. While their existence as fundamental particles is still uncertain, growing evidence shows they emerge as quasiparticles in special materials called Weyl semimetals (WSMs). These materials possess unique electronic properties and hold promise for future tech...

Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 (CCO349) is a promising p-type thermoelectric ceramic oxide with high thermoelectric power factor PF , and reasonable thermoelectric figure-of-merit zT . CCO349 bulk ceramics were prepared from precursor powders with average particle sizes d 50 ranging from about 10 µm to 0.5 µm, and conventional sintering at 920 °C. Remarkably, ceram...

An analytical investigation is carried out to examine the stability of a horizontal, fluid-saturated, rotating anisotropic porous layer that is heated from below and cooled from above. The analysis is conducted under the assumption that the fluid and solid phases are not in local thermal equilibrium. The momentum equation is based on Darcy’s model,...

Flash sintering is a novel technology, which enables densification of ceramics in seconds to minutes at moderate furnace temperatures. To date, it has mostly been demonstrated on samples with simple geometries like dog bones, bars, or cylinders, which are quite far from real applications. In the present work, we extend flash sintering to gadolinium...

The membrane, one of the key components of flow batteries, ideally has high selectivity, conductivity, and stability. However, porous membranes prepared by conventional non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) commonly suffer from low selectivity and poor mechanical stability. Here, we used rigid naphthalene-containing polybenzimidazole (NPBI) t...

Taking the braided river reservoir of Pu‐I Member of the Putaohua Oil Reservoir in the Daqing Lamadian Oil Field as an example, this study integrates data from field outcrops, well logging, and cores. Based on a precise characterization of the sand body structure, the contact relationships of the braided river reservoir sand bodies were systematica...

Irregularities in the galvanostatic reduction characterization of field-exposed silver coupons have been investigated. Unexpected and previously unexplained results have been observed both in the present work and across the literature which include irreproducibility of results on nearby locations of the same sample, apparent alteration outside the...

Aqueous thermocells are promising techniques for the conversion of low-grade waste heat into electricity. However, current improvement strategies are mainly focused on single redox ions and sacrifice the electrical conductivity due to concentrated molecular additives. Herein, we report a chemical additives-regulated thermocell that introduced two i...

Metal sulfides are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, and abundance. However, issues including poor conductivity, sluggish Na⁺ kinetics, and pulverization limit their electrochemical performance. Beyond these, the intrinsic polysulfide generation triggers multifaceted degr...

Solid-state batteries show high safety and theoretical energy density, receiving rapidly growing attention in both academic investigations and industrial applications. The garnet-type-based solid electrolytes (Garnet-SEs) play a vital role due to their high Li+ conductivity and electrochemical stability. The atomic structure at local environments,...

Liquid crystalline electrolytes are emerging as a promising class of functional materials for energy storage applications. They offer the ability to operate under anhydrous conditions without the presence of acids or flammable solvents, allowing high operating temperatures. Herein, the liquid crystalline phase of a bispyrazolate Pd(II) metallomesog...

Electromagnetic coupling in the sub-wavelength metal-insulator-metal (MIM) resonator allows for the engineering of optical responses and the enhancement of localized near-fields. Recent studies have shown that quantum effects, such as the spill-out of electrons and non-local screening, become significant as the insulator gap distance approaches the...

Recent experiments in twisted bilayer MoTe$_2$ (tMoTe$_2$) have uncovered a rich landscape of correlated phases. In this work, we investigate the reentrant integer quantum anomalous Hall (RIQAH) states reported in F. Xu, et. al., arXiv:2504.06972 which displays a notable mismatch between the Hall conductivity measured via transport and that inferre...

The polarization,magnetization and conductivity features of a conductor polarizable and magnetizable medium are described by a continuum collection of the antisymmetric tensor fields and a continuum collection of the vector fields in the Minkowski’s space-time. The conservation principle of the energy-momentum four-vector of the total system is pro...