Computational Thinking - Science topic

This chapter seeks to broaden the scope of computational thinking beyond its traditional boundaries within the disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). It aims to dispel the prevailing misconception that computational thinking is limited to computer science and digital technology and highlights its applicability in n...

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accu rate assessment of heart function is crucial for diagnosing and managing these conditions. Cardio vascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CVMRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) imaging are widely used modalities for evaluating cardiac function. However, manual analysis o...

Trimaran and pentamaran are multihull types with an odd number of hulls, namely three and five hulls, generally consisting of one center hull and two or four side hulls smaller than the center hull, which can reduce ship resistance. The trimaran and pentamaran have a more complex phenomenon than the monohull, because of the interaction between the...

Ship hull roughness can significantly increase the ship resistance. The roughness caused by biofouling attached to the ship hull is not uniform but has a random distribution. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the inhomogeneous surface roughness distribution affects the ship resistance and the various resistance components. The KRISO c...

Medical imaging is critical for clinical diagnosis. In the past few years, medical imaging data has been steadily growing at an annual rate of 30%, while the annual growth rate in the number of radiologists is only 4. 1%. The traditional manual methods of chest imaging reports result in high information load and workload with low relevance of image...

The PET/MRI hybrid system became eligible for staging the diagnosis of malignant tumors, metastasis, and recurrence using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Inserting PET in an MRI is technically challenging and requires PET detectors to be compatible with the magnetic field. The key technology that enables this is the semiconductor-based photomultiplie...

Integrating unplugged computational thinking across curricula: A qualitative study of students' and teachers' perspectives. Integrating computational thinking into the K-12 curriculum presents challenges due to the lack of a standardized approach. This study examines the use of "unplugged" computational thinking-activities that do not require digit...

Osteology plays an indispensable role in understanding the normal patterns of different species, serving as the foundation for zoological understanding. Mazama nana is well-known in Brazil; however, basic morphological descriptions of the species are scarce, while Subulo gouazoubira, currently revalidated as Mazama gouazoubira, is also prevalent in...

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following hysteroscopic surgery for endometrial polyp resection. This article discusses the case study by Kakinuma et al, which highlights the successful diagnosis and treatment of UAP in a 48-year-old primiparous woman. Utilizing advanced ima...

This synthesis examines technology integration frameworks from empirical research published from 2016-2022 on integration of computer technology (CT) into geometry education across grade levels. We conducted article searches through article database, i.e., Google Scholar and ERIC with relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed e...

Objective. The purpose of this study is to analytically derive and validate a novel radiation energy conservation principle for dose mapping via deformable image registration (DIR). Approach. A radiation energy conservation principle for the DIR-based dose-deforming process was theoretically derived with a consideration of the volumetric Jacobian a...

Pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is rarer than pulmonary artery thrombosis (PAT). PVT is potentially fatal but is often overlooked due to its nonspecific symptoms. We present a case with PVT accompanied by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The symptoms were limited to transient ischemic attacks. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), which showed...

BACKGROUND While cross‐sectional studies suggest a link between arteriosclerosis and cognition, longitudinal research is lacking. We investigated how arteriosclerosis in the heart–brain axis is related to cognitive performance trajectories over time. METHODS Within the population‐based Rotterdam Study, 2368 participants underwent noncontrast CT to...

In modern medical imaging-assisted therapies, manual annotation is commonly employed for liver and tumor segmentation in abdominal CT images. However, this approach suffers from low efficiency and poor accuracy. With the development of deep learning, automatic liver tumor segmentation algorithms based on neural networks have emerged, for the improv...

Graphical calculators have grown to become more prevalent in mathematics education, allowing learners to visually represent functions and equations in a manner that traditional pen-and-paper approaches cannot. As a result, the utilization of this dynamic visual representation helps enhance learners' comprehension of complex mathematical concepts an...

This article presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental analysis of the ballistic performance of soft bulletproof vests designed for women. The study involved a woman aged between 24 and 28 with a breast size of 85C. Two ballistic packages made from Twaron® CT 709 fabric were designed and constructed for her, featuring cut-and-sew formed b...

Keywords: computational thinking, innovation in education, educational robotics, future teachers, primary and preschool education In an increasingly digitised society, the development of computational thinking has become essential for everyone. Computational thinking is defined as a process of breaking down a problem into steps that are simple enou...

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mobile CT combined with procedural sedation and analgesia for the preoperative localization of multiple nodules. Methods The clinical data of 200 patients who underwent CT-guided localization before single-port thoracoscopic pulmonary lobe surgery at our hospital from July 2023 to September 2023 wer...

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of computational thinking (CT) skills and their assessment. It discusses the definition and components of CT. Various assessment tools, such as surveys, exams, self-assessment instruments, and performance tests, are explored. A bibliometric analysis reveals a growing trend in publications related to CT skill...

Purpose To compare corneal thickness (CT) and corneal volume (CV) consumption after the refractive lenticule extraction and the femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in myopic eyes with high with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism. Methods 70 myopic eyes (50 patients) with high WTR astigmatism (-2.00 to -3.25 D) received refra...

Although computational thinking (CT) has emerged as an essential competence across all educational levels, limited research has focused on teachers’ readiness for CT education, particularly within the context of early childhood education (ECE). This study involved 1,387 Chinese ECE teachers to identify their CT readiness profiles based on preconcep...

1. Which of the following imaging techniques is NOT mentioned as helpful in planning orthopaedic operations? a) X-rays b) Ultrasound c) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) d) Computed tomography (CT) Answer: b) Ultrasound Explanation: X-rays, MRI, and CT are helpful imaging techniques for planning orthopaedic operations, not ultrasound 2. What is the...

Background Computed tomography (CT) reconstruction problems are always framed as inverse problems, where the attenuation map of an imaged object is reconstructed from the sinogram measurement. In practice, these inverse problems are often ill‐posed, especially under few‐view and limited‐angle conditions, which makes accurate reconstruction challeng...

Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) is an emerging protocol designed to reduce X-ray dose radiation in medical imaging. Traditional Filtered Back Projection algorithm reconstructions suffer from severe artifacts due to sparse data. In contrast, Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms, though better at mitigating noise through regula...

Purpose Orbital metastasis secondary to thyroid carcinoma is an exceedingly rare occurrence. In this case report, we present a rare isolated orbital metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods A case report and literature review study. Result A 55-year-old female, who presented with right-sided exophthalmos persisting for seven month...

Background Incarcerated obturator hernia (OH) is a rare type of pelvic wall hernia. With the increasing adoption of reduction techniques for incarcerated OH, it is crucial to assess the extent of damage to the incarcerated intestine. This study aimed to identify objective risk factors for intestinal necrosis based on computed tomography (CT) findin...

Background The surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often incorporates the utilization of pedicle screws, which are three-column construct devices. A comprehensive understanding of the pedicle morphology is essential for determining the appropriate pedicle screw diameter. While previous studies have examined pedicle morpholo...

Image-based patient-specific rupture risk analysis for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has shown considerable promise. However, clinical translation has been hampered by the use of invasive and costly imaging modalities. Despite being a promising alternative, ultrasound (US) makes a full analysis, including intraluminal thrombus (ILT), not trivia...

This study primarily focused on developing a system to generate simulated computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) images for pulmonary embolism diagnosis and aiding medical practitioners gain a more intuitive understanding of the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in diagnosis. Compared to existing methods, this system provides a non-in...

span>Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide with an estimated 2 million new cases and 1·76 million deaths yearly. Early detection can improve survival, and CT scans are a precise imaging technique to diagnose lung cancer. However, analyzing hundreds of 2D CT slices is challenging and can cause false alarms. 3D visualization of lu...

Retrospectively analyse the 99mTc-MDP SPECT whole-body bone scan in POEMS syndrome to explore its clinical value. Twenty-four untreated patients with pathologically confirmed POEMS syndrome were included in the study. 24 of them underwent 99mTc-MDP SPECT whole-body bone scan, 24 underwent CT examination and 18 patients underwent X-ray examination i...

p> The computational thinking (CT) skills of students will be revised, increasing their future viewpoint in the sphere of scientific activities, notably in education interest. Game-based learning (GBL) appears to have the potential to improve students’ motivation to learn. Students’ GBL is associated with higher mathematics performance, and GBL’s s...

Abstract Background: An intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) is an infrequent abnormality consisting of a sac-like projection within the duodenum secondary to a congenital web of the membrane in the second portion of the duodenum near the papilla of Vater, due to incomplete lumen recanalization of the embryological foregut, with a typical imagi...

Lung cancer results from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. This research proposes an automated, improved U-Net model for lung cancer detection and tumor staging using the TNM system. A novel mask-generation process using thresholding and morphological operations is developed for the U-Net segmentation process. In the pre-processing stage,...

Background: Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC)

Background Adjacent vertebral fracture (AVF) is a frequent complication following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA). While radiomics is widely utilized in the field of spinal medicine, its application for assessing the risk of AVF in post-PVA patients remains limited. Objective We aim to develop and validate predictive models using machine...

Objective To evaluate the performance of a 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (3D T1GRE) computed tomography (CT)-like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence for detecting and assessing wrist and hand fractures compared to conventional CT. Methods Subjects with acute wrist or hand fracture in CT underwent additional 3 T MRI including a CT-like 3D T1G...

A 78-year-old male who was undergoing treatment for diabetes was referred to our department after a chest X-ray revealed an abnormal shadow in the left upper lung field. A chest contrast-enhanced CT showed a tumor in the left upper lobe and a cystic lesion in the left lower lobe. Two aberrant arteries branching from the aorta were identified near t...

La contaminación del agua es un problema prioritario a nivel global, siendo la industria textil de los principales sectores que contribuyen al mismo con la liberación de altas cantidades de colorantes orgánicos y variedad de iones de metales pesados por mencionar algunos. Si hablamos de los métodos de remoción para eliminar colorantes en agua, los...

The ability to think computationally is a new thing assessed in PISA 2022. In mathematics, Indonesia ranks 70 out of 81 countries with an average score of 366, while the global average is 472. This shows the need for improvement in mathematics learning, one of which is through learning models that support computational thinking skills. This study a...

This review presents a detailed examination of the most recent advancements in positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) multimodal imaging over the past five years. The fusion of PET and CT technologies has revolutionized medical imaging, offering unprecedented insights into both anatomical structure and functional processes. The a...

CT images (soft tissue window, arterial phase, 25 seconds) of a 43-year-old female. It shows a large soft tissue mass at the left carotid bifurcation, demonstrating avid contrast enhancement similar to the adjacent arteries and causing splaying of the internal and external carotid arteries. A 128-slice CT scanner was used. This CT scan procedure in...

The precise assessment of hemothorax risk resulting from a rib fracture is not feasible. CT images, patient characteristics, and clinical experience are utilized in daily practice to assess risk intuitively. This study aimed to identify specific markers on CT images that can predict the risk of hemothorax. The study was retrospectively conducted be...

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for lung nodule detection have been developed to assist radiologists. However, external validation of its performance on low-dose CT (LDCT) images is insufficient. We examined the performance of the commercially available deep-learning-based lung nodule detection (DL-LND) using LDCT images at Japanese...

In the 21st century, the integration of computational thinking (CT) into education has become crucial, enhancing students' abilities to address complex problems through systematic and innovative approaches. Malaysia has recognized this need by embedding CT into its national curriculum, emphasizing key components such as abstraction, decomposition,...

Computational Thinking (CT) plays an important role in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) fields. However, whether Attitude toward STEM is related to CT skills is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between Attitude Toward STEM and Computational Thinking skills in mathematics le...

Background Accurate preoperative localization is a challenge in thoracoscopic surgery for multiple pulmonary nodules. In this study, we aimed to assess the accuracy and feasibility of electromagnetic navigation (EN)-guided percutaneous localization. Methods We enrolled 50 patients with multiple pulmonary nodules for EN-guided (EN group) or CT-guid...

Until recently, the use of direct contrast examinations with oral or intracavitary contrast agents was widespread in all general radiology departments. It provided significant answers to multiple clinical questions on the enteric organs and their mucosal surfaces. With the increased availability of CT and MRI, which also allow for the study of wall...

The first-stage diagnosis of chronic diseases is essential to enhance the client's quality of life and lessen pressure on the health facilities. Radiology must diagnose such diseases in their early stages, thus arresting the advancement of the diseases with utmost efficiency. The following paper assesses the role of radiology in chronic disease scr...

Objectives This study proposes a novel approach, “Low‐energy photon Lipiodol‐Enhanced Radiotherapy” (LEPERT), for patients with liver cancer. Moreover, we evaluate the dose difference of the conventional treatment planning with 10 MV X‐ray beam (MV‐plan) and LEPERT. Methods The computed tomography (CT) was modeled with the Monte Carlo simulation....

Se analiza el progreso de la estabilidad, garantías y derechos laborales dirigido a las personas con una condición de discapacidad en Ecuador, centrándose en el método exegético y análisis de información e interpretación de la Constitución de la Republica del Ecuador (CRE), la Ley Orgánica de Servicio Público (LOSEP), el Código de Trabajo (CT), y l...

Locally advanced high-grade sof tssue sarcomas (STS) carry a signifcant risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Currently, the administraton of peri-operatve chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) is regarded as a viable opton for suitable patents with chemo-sensitve histotypes, with a preference for the neoadjuvant setng. In our study, w...

A B S T R A CT Modern studies have shown that climate elements, especially rainfall, have started to show general trends of decrease in many countries, serving as a significant and clear indicator of climate change, which has become an undeniable reality. Numerous global, regional, and local studies confirm this, as clearly observed in the study ar...

Background Hepatic steatosis (HS) and 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk ≥ 7.5% are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. Aim To assess underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) among those with and without HS at different ASCVD risk. Methods We evaluated st...

Cinematic rendering (CR) is an innovative imaging technique that has emerged as a powerful tool in forensic radiology, offering enhanced visualization capabilities for the analysis of skeletal trauma. This article explores the application of CR in the setting of forensic imaging in skeletal injury and its impact on the field of skeletal trauma anal...

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a custom-made convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for fully automated lesion tracking and segmentation, as well as RECIST 1.1 evaluation, in longitudinal computed tomography (CT) studies compared to a manual Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) evaluation performed by three ra...

Background The assessment of bronchus–artery (BA) metrics on chest CT is important for detecting airway abnormalities. It is less clear how BA metrics are dependent on lung volume. Methods CTs were obtained from a COPDGene substudy investigating the impact of radiation dose on lung density. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under...

Background COVID‐19 remains widespread and poses a threat to people's physical and mental health, especially middle‐aged and elderly individuals. Early identification of COVID‐19 patients at high risk of progressing to critical disease helps improve overall patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. Purpose To develop a radiomics nomogram to pred...

Reconstructing images using Computed Tomography (CT) in an industrial context leads to specific challenges that differ from those encountered in other areas, such as clinical CT. Indeed, non-destructive testing with industrial CT will often involve scanning multiple similar objects while maintaining high throughput, requiring short scanning times,...

Fluid collections are common manifestations of local complications of acute pancreatitis (AP). The determination of fluid collections is important in stratifying the severity of the course of acute pancreatitis and choosing the appropriate management. In this study, the frequency of detection of fluid effusions by various instrumental methods and t...

Purpose Respiratory‐guided computed tomography (CT) typically employs breathing motion surrogates to feed image reconstruction or visual breathing coaching. Our study aimed to assess the impact of table movements and table sag on the breathing curves recorded in four‐dimensional (4D) CT and deep‐inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) CT. Methods For breat...

Background: Patients with Complex Trauma (CT) may have an impaired ability to trust others and build intimate relationships due to non-integrated representations of self and others. This sometimes leads to an oscillation between needing and fearing intimacy in their adult relationships. This dynamic can occur in the therapeutic relationship, underm...

BACKGROUND Several studies found that early pancreatic atrophy detected by computed tomography (CT) within 6 months was associated with a high incidence of diabetes in patients with type-1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) receiving steroid therapy; however, no long-term follow-up studies have been performed. AIM To investigate pancreatic volume (PV) c...

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries face challenges in terms of increasing their capacity for high-speed charging and discharging, which will require optimization of the electrode structure. This structure comprises a solid electrolyte (SE) and active material (AM) and the AM particle size is one of the most important factors affecting the struct...

Objective: This study aims to design teaching activities that integrate critical thinking on sustainable finance into finance courses. It aims to develop students' ability to incorporate sustainable finance into investment decisions and promote the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the power of finance. Theoretical Framew...

Backgroud Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was histological factor that was closely related to prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).The primary aim was to investigate the value of a nomogram incorporating clinical and computed tomography (CT) factors to predict LVI in LAC, and validating the predictive efficacy of a clinical model for LVI in patient...

Background This study evaluated the impact of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) combined with CT or MRI fusion imaging on percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) inconspicuous on conventional ultrasonography (US). Methods Patients were categorized into US-inconspicuous (USI) and US-conspicuous...

Purpose Based on an initial hypothesis that the abdominal radiograph is rarely useful in the radiographic shunt series (SS), this study sought to determine which components of the SS are useful in identifying and diagnosing shunt dysfunction. This enquiry broadened to evaluate which modalities were most clinically useful in patients who ultimately...