Comparative Literature - Science topic

The importance of “Comparative Literature Studies” was strongly highlighted by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who has mostly been considered the pioneer who first introduced the concept of “World Literature”. Significant literary theorists and critics such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha were among those contemporary figures who have underscored the value of comparing texts, whether in the same literary genre and historical period or not, to fully understand the intricacies of cultural exchange and its power dynamics.

First, Comparative Literature Studies is one of the top five approaches to study a given literary work. Furthermore, it is a typical method to widen your critical thinking about the “open-endedness” and “unfinalization” nature of human intellectual productivity. Bakhtin’s “Dialogic Criticism” is basically based on the variable forms in which any utterance, once being uttered, is involved in ongoing, finalised dialogue with what has been or shall have been said in all times. [Have a look on my M.A. Thesis Bakunin's Dialogism …]

Moreover, Comparative Literature is a smart way to display how literature reflects, critiques, and affects social, political, and ethical real-life issues. It also helps significantly in understanding how, with the world enshrouded in the garment of globalisation, texts and ideas could easily travel across distant borders and impact diverse cultures and communities.

Drawing from many disciplines, such as translation and linguistic studies, literary theory, post-colonial studies, comparative literature have become an important interdisciplinary arena for theoretical experimentation to devise new methods, hypothesis, and theories of literary interpretation and criticism.

Exploring universal as well as local themes and specificities, Comparative Literature subverts the Eurocentric focus of traditional literary studies and redefines its literary canons. It is a democratisation of literary discourse by including non-Western and long marginalised world perspectives. It is simply a bridge to overcome cross-cultural and generations’ gaps between diverse and different worlds.

My field is Spanish literature. I recommend that our students submit articles to the journals they cite, and the journals where respected scholars in your field publish articles.

https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4163/ - Carla beds re-visted (1985)

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0380/report.pdf - USGS Beaufort Sea

From the 80's

Google, google académico, researchgate,

Try:

Comparative Literature:

Comparative Literature Studies:

Canadian Review of Comparative Literature:

You may find this interesting and relevant:

The cross cultural approach is fashionable. See Gayatri Spivak Death of a Discipline.

An interpretation is considered admissible if it's not in contradiction with the text, but since the text is open and polysemous, the return to the text is often insufficient to determine the validity of the interpretations, which are diverses and can be contradictory. Literary interpretation is both subjective and in part conditioned by interpretative communities (Fish). We cannot use a criterion of truth (true / false) but an intersubjective validation process (admissible / contestable), in other words to be admissible an interpretation must be recognized as such by other readers. We must then turn to the explanation by the readers of the sources of their interpretations. In my educational research, I have shown that teachers refer more to literary culture and students to the values ​​shared in their communities as well as to their personal experiences of the world. Thank you for the rich discussion!

Migration and Literature have been deliberated upon by many writers and critics in the post-colonial and post-Modern context. Unless we bring in the class-caste-race-gender or other such perspectives, there is a chance of being highly generic in such narratives.

Comparative literature may be part of the cultural studies, or the contrary, if the literary text reflects really its cultural origins.

You can buy Peter Roach's "English Phonetics and Phonology Paperback with Audio CDs (2): A Practical Course"

GM

If this professionals wrote about Practical they should have some practice. About the Scopes I am not able to evaluate. I respect your opinion and all opinions.

IVGC

Nancy Ann Watanabe https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/human-induced-earthquakes-fracking-mining-video-spd/

Shared and still waiting for professional answers.

It is, really, an interested topic to be tackled.

Thanks so much.

Comparative Literature is the comparison of literary works from more than one linguistic tradition. Therefore, in order to make such a comparison, a researcher must take a translinguistic and transculturall approach of analysis. The relationship between art and literature is not new and it is explored in many studies. One of the amazing influences of art on literature is the influence of Brueghel's The Fall of Icarus on Brecht.

A method I use, and have seen in papers describing frequency dependent real capacitance is as follows:

C' = (-Z''/ ω )*|Z|²

Where |Z| is SQRT((Z'² + -Z''² ))

فعلا يختص بدراسة علاقات التأثر والتأثير ، وهي دراسات مميزة .

Accepting that the sample in indeed pure erythritol it seems that about 41% of its molecular weight was lost shortly after all the sample was completely vaporized, what might perhaps correspond to early contribution of volatile specie(s) accounting to molecular weight 0.41·122 = 50 g/mol. It is perhaps interesting to note that the combined molecular weight of methanol (32) and water (18) matches that figure. That might be completed by a shortly later vaporized residue of 72 g/mol. The hypothetical lost of CH₆O₂ from the erythritol formula C₄H₁₀O₄ suggests that the residue could perhaps correspond to methylglyoxal or to acrylic acid, where the higher boiling point of the last (141 ºC) could perhaps explain a slight delay for its complete vaporization. Of course, that would be just a first tentative explanation, that additional data, such as from DSC and from evolved gas analysis, might possibly confirm or not.

Chinua Achebe is undoubtedly the greatest African writer ever despite his inability to win Nobel Prize. He is not just an excellent writer, but he actively influenced both colonial and postcolonial discourses. He actively refuted the relegation and demonization of the African culture. One of such refutation came in form of the criticism of Conrad's Heart of Darkness, that is, the refutation of the nomenclature (savage), used by Conrad to describe Africans in his classic novel.

The mass society is only interested in degraded comedy. The drama belongs to high culture. High culture that is in decline, of course.

In my experience, soft tissues are best homogenised in an Potter-Elvehjem (http://www.jbc.org/content/114/2/495.full.pdf) homogeniser, especially if the piston is made of teflon rather than the original glass. This results in comparatively little protein denaturation, when done right (no foaming, and the tissue is homogenised by the shearing force between rotating piston and stationary glass wall, it is not ground at the bottom of the tube).

You can use PBS with protease inhibitors as a starting point, perhaps with a little non-ionic detergent (Tween, Triton). I had good results with PMSF, pepstatin, leupeptin, benzamidine and EDTA, but your protein may require something else.

I also found that dot-blots are more convenient and reliable than ELISA: filter your samples through a PVDF-membrane in a 96-well manifold. PVDF will catch near 100% of your sample protein, rather than the few % bound during incubation in a plate. Develop the membrane like a western blot and measure in a 96-well lumimeter. Not only is the sensitivity higher than ELISA by two orders of magnitude, but the signal vs concentration plot is linear over 5-6 orders of magnitude (rather than one order in ELISA), this allows quantitative rather than semi-quantitative determinations if you include appropriate standards on the same membrane.

In response to Babak Khalatbari's comment. I think this depends on two things 1) the general approach to theory. It is possible to apply literary theories developed in one culture to works from another as an analytical lens? This is something which people have different opinions on, but we do see theories being applied in diverse contexts. I find this unproblematic as long as the terms of analysis are clear and we're sensitive to what is going on culturally in terms of representation and power 2) Romanticism as a literary movement developed in a certain time and place for sure. But certains philosophical and literary theories were developed as part of this movement. Why not approach Romanticism, not as a whole (which is not possible anyway, because it is far too hetergeneous), but as a containing literary theory which relates to literature in general as well as questions of the human condition transcending that time and place?

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I do agree. In my University we are very focused on grammar study and we forget about the culture, literature, etc. It makes language seem something above reality. I guess there should be at least some optatives in both studies that may lead some students to discover other disciplines.

Thanks for sharing.

As regards the relatonship between translation and censorship, you could take a look, first, at the discussion in Translation Studies in 2011 and 2012. The discussion started with the article ‘‘Translation and Censorship’’, by Piotr Kuhiwczak, Translation Studies

4, 2011, no. 3, and was commented on by Brian James Baer, Beate Müller and Paul St-Pierre & Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin in 2012 (attached).

Secondly, you might wish to read Samantha Sherry's (2012) PhD dissertation Censorship in Translation in the Soviet Union in the Stalin and Khrushchev Eras (attached) especially for its references section even if the topic itself is outside your sphere of interests..

Finally, as regards text selection for purposes of translation, you might wish to read a few articles on retranslation as such texts often discuss the issue of selecting texts for (re)translation. See e.g. Paloposki, Outi, and Kaisa Koskinen. "A thousand and one translations: Revisiting retranslation." BENJAMINS TRANSLATION LIBRARY 50 (2004): 27-38, available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.468.4623&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=42.

Hope the above references will help you move forward...

Are you looking for something like this? http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZJSX200901028.htm

Thank you for your insightful comments.

My apologies...

no. no so definitely that it isn't worth trying to find one.

as for Ethnologue specifically, they are very strongly biased toward considering what many people would consider as dialects as distinct languages. Ethnologue is also part of SIL, so if you're looking for information on languages spoken in different places, SIL will give you the link to Ethnologue.

and the CIA Factbook lists Spanish as the only language spoken in Colombia. that's enough to render it unreliable. then there's the United States. even if you want to accept what it says, which is not a good idea, data at the level of "other Indo-European languages" and "Asian and Pacific Island" isn't what you seem to be looking for.

also, no one knows how many languages (and we are pretending that we have a definition of language right now) are spoken in the regions of the world that are geographically characterized with very dense vegetation or mountains, or both. these would include, at the minimum, the Amazon-Orinoco-Ucayali-Xingu river system in South America, the Congo River system with its tributaries and the mountainous area in the Great Lakes region adjacent to it, the inner region of southeast Asia, and New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

I agree with Prof. Judeh's view. I consider that the positive impact of literature on emotional and social rejuvenation of a person is noticeable.

The Relevance of a Research paper is really required to be judged by you, the researcher, because only you know how well the paper relates to your current research work. This cannot yet be assessed reliably by a machine.

Proxies such as recency, number of inward or outward citations are poor proxies, as they do not take into account your research interests.

So you really need to assess your Relevance manually.

Aristotle, an admirer of the tight narrative structure of "Oedipus Rex" and of a clear beginning, middle, and end of a mythos (plot), would have been quite puzzled by the rambling, episodic structure of a Dickens novel such as "The Pickwick Papers" or "Martin Chuzzlewit." Dickens's plotting became much tighter in the later novels such as "A Tale of Two Cities" and "Great Expectations," but he was consistently much more interested in such "non-mythos" matters as character, atmosphere, and setting. However, despite the picaresque structure that Dickens favoured in the first half of his career, he did organise his narrative material in the cause-and-effect relationship that Aristotle advocates in "The Poetics." Because he deployed multiple plot lines in the bigger novels, he had to take considerable pains with the opening and closing (denouement), but the complication often seems a bit of a muddle rather than a middle.

Because you are studying cultural stereotypes as presented in literature etc., I would recommend you first immediately explore your interests with Google Images.

This is fascinating! What IS this set of images that appears and why???

Are these all stereotypes? Are they all from literature? Which cultures do they come from? How is this dataset biassed?

Save each image as a PDF and try to put tags on each. What happens? Have fun!

Then get ready to work and do a good Google

Search for imagology definition and imagology meaning.

Then search for imagology method.

Next search for imagology history and imagology comparative literature.

Prepare your review of literature by going to Google Scholar.

Repeatedly follow the “Cited by” and “Related articles” until you have seen everything you need. Don't get lost!

Taral,

See the following article, but I don't believe it focuses on bubbles in particular:

Mishra, P. and P. Montiel (2013), “How effective is monetary transmission in low-income countries? A survey of the empirical evidence,” Economic Systems, Vol. 37 (2): 187-216. 

I have a long discussion of monetary transmission in developing countries in my book: Money, Banking and the Foreign Exchange Market in Emerging Economies." Good luck!

What about Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and Kafka's Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung)..Gregor's transformation and his chaos thoughts.. his attempt to adjust himself in some other novels of Kafka... 

hi waseem, 

interesting question .

New historicism can be employed as the  theoretical touchstone to analyze even recent writers.  Historical Knowledge manifested  in the form of  ‘historicism’ and ‘history’ is regarded as  fundamental embodiment of modernity and , I believe , postmodernism with a new perspective on terms like knowledge, reality, ideology and worldview. 

here are some publications : 

My book, "Poetry and Politics of Decolonization: Yeats, Tagore, Senghor, Césaire, and Neruda," just came out from Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP; ISBN #978-3-659-62893-1). It is available from morebooks.de for 46.90 EUR at https://www.morebooks.de/store/gb/book/poetry-and-politics-of-decolonization/isbn/978-3-659-62893-1.

Dear Rebecca,  I am also studying Bakhtin and thought that these readings might help you with your quest.

Bakhtin, M.M.(1968). Rebelais and his world (H. Iswolsky,Trans.). Cambridge,

Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Bakhtin, M.M. (1981d). Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel:Notes toward a

Historical Poetics”. In M. Hoquist. (Ed). The Dialogic Imagination.Austin: Unversity of

Texas. (pp.84-254).

Bakhtin,M.M. (1984). Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (C. Emerson, Trans. Vol.8).

Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. (original work published 1929).

Bakhtin,M.M. (1985). A Critique of Marxist Pologias. Soviet Psychology, 23.3.(pp. 213-220).

Bakhtin, M.M.(1986). Bakhtin’s The Bildungsroman and its significance in the history of

realism (Towards a historical typology of the novel ). In Speech genres & other late

essays Translated by V.W. McGee, Trans.no.8). Austin: University of Texas.

Bakhtin, M.M. (1990). Art and Answerability (K. Bronstrom, Trans.) Austin, Univeristy of

Texas.

Bakhtin, M.M. (1993). Toward a Philosophy of the Act. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Bakhtin, M.M. (2004). Dialogic Origin and Dialogic Pedagogy of Grammar;Stylistics in

Teaching Russian Language in Secondary School, Journal of Russian and East European

Psychology, 42.6.(pp. 12-49).

Bakhtin, M.M.(2004). Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language and Culture: Meaning in

Language, Art and New Media. F.Bostad, C.Brandist, L.S. Evensen, and H.C. Faber.

Palgrave Macmillan Ltd: Hampshire. ISBN 140391690

Enjoy the readings.

regards Meripa

I agree with you in part, Segun Omidiora, but remember the start of the book: the Thames is as dark (if not darker) than the Congo river in the reminiscence of the old sailor who is telling the story :-).

The one who is confused is me. Please translate into American English if you would.

Without advancing my own definitions, I'd recommend the American novelist, Jonathan Lethem's recent, brilliant and eloquent exploration of plagiarism in literary (and other types of) creation - - "The Ecstasy of Influence." (http://harpers.org/archive/2007/02/the-ecstasy-of-influence/)

I don't know if you have it in english, but you can read "El Separatista" (the separatist) by Eduardo López Bago; it relates about the last years of the spanish colony of Cuba. From Spain, you have the "National episodes" by Benito Pérez Galdós; it's 46 novels, some of them translated in english.

Here's an incomplete list of the writings of Canadian anthropologist Bruce Trigger, who's work I think you will find both interesting and useful:

Trigger, Bruce G., “Alternative archaeologies: nationalist, colonialist, imperialist”, en Man (Royal Anthropological Institute), serie nueva, vol. 19, no. 3, sep. 1984, pp. 355-370.

Trigger, Bruce G., “American archaeology as native history: a review essay”, en William and Mary Quarterly (Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture), 3a. serie, vol. 40, no. 3, jul. 1983, pp. 413-452.

Trigger, Bruce G., “Archaeology at the crossroads: what’s new?”, en Annual Review of Anthropology (Annual Reviews), vol. 13, 1984, pp. 275-300.

Trigger, Bruce G., “Early native North American responses to European contact: romantic versus rationalistic interpretations”, en The Journal of American History (Organization of American Historians), vol. 77, no. 4, mar. 1991, 1195-1215.

Trigger, Bruce G., A history of archaeological thought, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Trigger, Bruce G., “Major concepts of archaeology in historical perspective”, en Man (Royal Anthropological Institute), serie nueva, vol. 3, no. 4, dic. 1968, pp. 527-541.

Trigger, Bruce G.; Kehoe, Alice B., “On giving Lubbock his due”, en Current Anthropology (Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research/The University of Chicago Press), vol. 35, no. 1, feb. 1994, pp. 46-48.

For context, there is a biographical sketch on Wikipedia.

Both terms acted as a beginning of a new era. It broke the conventional pattern that many had been following for ages with or with knowing the meanings.

From Aesthetic P.O.V, two divisions can be ruled out:

1. Breaking the pattern or search for the higher truth or better results, where both terms began not by developing into a new era but by questioning.

2. Though it broke the pattern and questioned the traditional practices, it again falls into the same category just by adding a fancy twist.

Thank you very much Lourido!

Neuroses? Are the geniuses of all over the world really ill?"If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you"(Kipling R)."Flowers of Evil" is all the variations and nuances of spiritual states of a modern human, broken consciousness of the whole generation, a strong sense of modernity, inducing Baudelaire to reject "Parisian ideal " of the Beautiful. "Lucifer slumbers at the bottom of every human soul", that is a duel must be: the idea of searching, aspiration to cognition of the world in the name of the assertion of value of life. Innovation is a foundation of a poetic image, merging of a human being with the world, synesthesia, suggestive magic, suggestive allegory. "A modern manner to feel" is a main thing for Baudelaire. A meaning of truth is important.The Strange is a part of Beautiful^:"When I create pain, I create beauty." Beauty is above good and evil. It's balanced with the infinite. At first Baudelaire interpreted the name as "aversion for evil", then - "to retrieve beauty from evil".It's a mirror, where every can see oneself "(Lombroso). Innovation is neither antithesis, nor duality of the world, but it's analogy, assimilation, parallelism (Lukov V). "That there is at the bottom is similar to the top and v.v"(Trismegist G.). "Evil is good, good is evil"(Shakespeare, Gogol, Berdyaev). Evil is universal, because it is not only in the surrounding world, in the deformity of social being, in the spontaneous natural force, but also in a human oneself. A human is double, he rushes about good and evil. "the main tragedy is that the world lost the harmony and unity of spiritual world"(antinomy) (Yakubovich P). He doesn't condemn a man, he compassionates with one. "And mercy begged of Justice in her blindness"(Pushkin A). Evil is universal, it's one of the sides of being. There are pangs of conscience after them. Conscience is a voice of God. "I dedicate these sickly flowers"(verses)."Flowers of the Earth don't know mud"(Mickelangelo). "As if you only can know, in what mud verses are growing without shame"(Akhmadulina B). Baudelaire: "the evil, germinating through a human soul, and generating pangs of conscience, despair, melancholy is spleen".May be is it a kind of catharsis ?(Aristotle). Bad tempers are improved through laughter. May be, through aversion for evil by means of over-naturalistic, pathological, mad representation of evil? Baudelaire - innovator uses Brechtian method "die Verfremdung: "Is an actor responsible for the roles of the criminals, who he has played? Did I have a right or even have to adopt my intellect and talent to various sophisms and forms of corruption of my century?"To us,creative personalities are heritage and progress of humanity, but often some people begin to appreciate a genius after one's death, they dare to label one,savor a private life.Baudelaire:"The most ruthless accusation is in contempt for people and in aversion for the world. They judged about Poe, ascribing the characters of the personages to him. It's one of the most ineffective battles". Rough diktat of reality, bending and spoiling a creator is a reason of loneliness. "Society doesn't like incorrigible unlucky persons. It's characteristic of a definite incompatibility of a human with the world.Poe wrote in the style which was too elevating over the mediocre intellectual level so that they could pay him well."(Baudelaire) Poe:"How it smells of mean-spirited store". After all, "literary life is the only environment, where a superior soul from the declasse can breathe"(Bataille). "Evil is Baudelaire's aspiration to become a thing, that he has been for others.Compensation of Being is an object of a genius, tension, poetic weakness. Poetry is as compensation of an individual"(Sartre), because "desire of the impossible is fatal". "This poverty-stricken life" (Baudelaire) is a desire of the impossible to his death."The most cherished is to be as a stone, as a sculpture in the relaxed calmness of stability." The favorite image is a beast, which is trapped. A.Camus: "It's an acquisition of integrity against the background of disintegration in social consciousness". "To live and die in front of the mirror: he is acting his own life, because he can't live it". "Life proves that the elite have a talent, virtue, calling, they are marked with God's grace. In spite of it, society brings them to special anathema and accuses them of the illnesses, which have been evoked by its own suppression... If the folks have no aristocracy, the cult of Beautiful will be doomed to degeneration, crumbling up, death". Poe and Baudelaire had been aristocrats to their death. Strikingly integral, truthful dandy Baudelaire didn't betray his friends, wife, own father, own creative credo, talent, he remained forever one. Deceived (instead of 500 he received 50 for lectures!), unrecognized, sick, lonely, ruined by life he divided his miserable salary into 4 parts:for mother, for wife, for friends(not long before death).Poe didn't betray a memory of his departed wife for the sake of a new profitable marriage. Date obolum Belisario. Letum non omnia finit. "It's Death that comforts us, alas! and makes us live".