Commuting - Science topic

High rates of recidivism in the age of mass incarceration have prompted efforts for more rehabilitative approaches to criminal justice that support desistance while balancing public safety concerns and the resulting political feasibility of such reforms. Sentence reduction efforts, referred to as “second chance” mechanisms, encourage the use of new...

A rail block simulation system is a computer program that simulates the movement of trains on a railway network by dividing the track into discrete sections called blocks, where only one train can occupy a block at a time, allowing for analysis of the train movements, capacity optimizations, and safety checks within a virtual environment, often use...

The platform screen doors (PSDs) are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety,[1] they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitte...

In this chapter, we explore how major changes to employment are altering relational dynamics and thus people’s experiences of loneliness in work contexts. We focus on virtual (i.e., hybrid or remote) jobs and gig (i.e., external, contract-based) arrangements, which are increasingly prevalent globally. Drawing on research from multiple literatures (...

The goal of this paper is to estimate whether a human or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is managing a vehicle's speed control, based on observations by external sensors. The driving characteristics of individual vehicles-whether human-driven or ACC-controlled-play a crucial role in shaping overall traffic flow. To enable advanced traffic control str...

Colony-based observations indicate that Swallow-tailed Gulls Creagrus furcatus go to sea only at night. Here, we use GPS tracking technology to reveal the species' exclusively nocturnal foraging behavior at four colonies in the Galápagos Islands. All nocturnal trips proved to be foraging effort in pelagic waters 19-103 km from nests during breeding...

This study investigates commuters' travel mode choices in Dublin City, Ireland, using a novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model. The model integrates the Best-Worst Method (BWM) with fuzzy Z-numbers and the Parsimonious concept to handle uncertainties and simplify decision-making. The innovative aspect of this model lies in its ability to...

This study introduces the concept of air mobility as a Service (AMaaS), integrating urban air mobility (UAM) into the framework of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), with the goal of establishing highly synchronized mobility services. To facilitate the successful deployment of Urban Air Taxi (UAT) services, we aim to investigate people’s preferences for...

Intraspecific variation in morphology and behavior is widespread, especially in species with large distribution ranges. This includes foraging which can vary according to the local resource landscape. How this may be linked to differences in social structure, especially in socially foraging species is less known. Greater spear-nosed bats are well k...

Background: While accelerometers have significantly advanced our way of measuring physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), they still have limitations. Without contextual information, like location or the reason for the activity, researchers can't understand the specific intent behind the movement. For example, they can't distinguish be...

This paper is devoted to the study of a class of commutative non-associative algebras characterized by the identity: where α ∈ [0, 1]. In this study, we strongly use the Peirce decomposition technique. This allowed us to determine the conditions for an algebra of this class to be Bernstein, principal train, or evolution.

Sense of belonging is a key to educational success for all students, though much less is known about this topic among students with disabilities majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields at four-year colleges and universities. To address this gap in the literature, we analyzed large-scale survey data from 4,518 und...

The urbanization of Dhaka, Bangladesh, has resulted in severe traffic congestion, posing a significant challenge to both residents and policymakers. To address this issue, the Bangladeshi government has launched an ambitious Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) project, with MRT Line 6 expected to revolutionize the city's transport system. This paper evaluates...

Crystal skeletons were introduced by Maas-Gari\'epy in 2023 by contracting quasi-crystal components in a crystal graph. On the representation theoretic level, crystal skeletons model the expansion of Schur functions into Gessel's quasisymmetric functions. Motivated by questions of Schur positivity, we provide a combinatorial description of crystal...

A major open problem in the Theory of Toeplitz operators on the analytic Bergman space over the unit disk is the characterization of the commutant of a given Toeplitz operator--that is, the set of all bounded Toeplitz operators that commute with it. In this paper, we provide a complete description of bounded Toeplitz operators $T_f$, where the symb...

ABSTRACT This study investigates the causes of flexible distress on Harmony Estate Junction to Akerebiata Road in Ilorin Metropolis. Flexible distress, a common pavement failure, leads to safety hazards and economic losses. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining field observations, traffic volume study, questionnaire survey, and e...

A homogeneous and almost monodisperse Ni/CTFph composite of ultrasmall Ni NPs (~ 2.2 nm) has been prepared by Metal Vapor Synthesis (MVS) deposited on a highly porous and high specific...

The bubble transform is a procedure to decompose differential forms, which are piecewise smooth with respect to a given triangulation of the domain, into a sum of local bubbles. In this paper, an improved version of a construction in the setting of the de Rham complex previously proposed by the authors is presented. The major improvement in the dec...

On a regular basis, office workers commute from their homes to their workplaces in vehicles with empty seats. Carpooling is the need of the hour to counter challenges such as traffic congestion and carbon emissions. As blockchain is becoming widely used, integrating blockchain is a novel approach towards the protection of personal information and t...

The matrix LU factorization algorithm is a fundamental algorithm in linear algebra. We propose a generalization of the LU and LEU algorithms to accommodate the case of a commutative domain and its field of quotients. This algorithm decomposes any matrix A into a product of three matrices A=LSU, where each element of the triangular matrices L and U...

Using the norm operator method, which extends and corrects the conventional boson expansion theories, we investigate two boson mappings of the boson expansion theory, the so-called mapping after truncation and the mapping before truncation. The difference between them stems from the treatment of the phonon excitation modes; those not adopted as bos...

We study groups definable in existentially closed geometric fields with commuting derivations. Our main result is that such a group can be definably embedded in a group interpretable in the underlying geometric field. Compared to earlier work of the first two authors toguether with K. Peterzil, the novelty is that we also deal with infinite dimensi...

Triply Special Relativity is a deformation of Special Relativity based on three fundamental parameters that describes a noncommutative geometry on a curved space–time, preserving the Lorentz invariance and the principle of relativity. Its symmetries are generated by a 14-parameter nonlinear algebra. In this paper, we discuss a generalization of the...

We show that the sheer existence of a quantum computational speedup logically implies the mutually exclusive or of well-defined causal loops. In each of them, it is as if the problem-solver knew in advance one of the possible halves of the information about the solution she will produce and measure in the future and could use this knowledge to prod...

This was a pilot study to explore the experiences of schoolgirl commuters who used public mini-buses ('matatus') to travel daily to and from school in the city of Nairobi, Kenya. The 'matatus' were perceived as the preferred mode of travelling for young people including those commuting daily to and from school. There was also a strong view that the...

In a recent work, Kai Tang conjectured that any compact Hermitian manifold with non-zero constant mixed curvature must be K\"ahler. He confirmed the conjecture in complex dimension $2$ and for Chern K\"ahler-like manifolds in general dimensions. In this paper, we verify his conjecture for several special types of Hermitian manifolds, including comp...

Multi-traversal data, commonly collected through daily commutes or by self-driving fleets, provides multiple viewpoints for scene reconstruction within a road block. This data offers significant potential for high-quality novel view synthesis, which is crucial for applications such as autonomous vehicle simulators. However, inherent challenges in m...

The paper discusses sexual harassment, its societal implications, and the role of dialogue using an interactive role-play to raise the required public awareness. Sexual harassment as a form of gender-based violence stems from discrimination and often goes unaddressed in society whereby a culture of silence often exists unabated leading to psycholog...

This paper investigates the diverse impacts of the Spartan Superway project, an innovative Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system developed by San José State University. The Spartan Superway exemplifies a cutting-edge approach to urban transportation, utilizing driverless podcars powered by solar energy and operating on dedicated guideways. By examini...

Berenstein and Kazhdan’s theory of geometric crystals gives rise to two commuting families of geometric crystal operators acting on the space of complex \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddside...

In a scenario of growing usage of park-and-ride facilities, understanding and predicting car park occupancy is becoming increasingly important. This study presents a model that effectively captures the occupancy patterns of park-and-ride car parks for commuters using truncated normal distributions for vehicle arrival and departure times. The object...

We define a projective variant of classical complex orientation theory. Using this, we construct a map of spectra which lifts the total Chern class, providing an alternative answer to an old question of Segal \cite{segal}, previously answered by Lawson et al \cite{lawsonetal}. We also lift and generalize the ``sharp'' construction of Ando-French-Ga...

For the two-parameter (p, q)−deformed Heisenberg algebra introduced recently and in which, instead of usual commutator of Hp,q = ⟨a, a∗, Ip, Iq ⟩. Most important is the realizability of the (p, q)−deformed Heisenberg algebra by means of the appropriate deformed oscillator algebra. Using the (p, q)-derivative operator, we introduce the (p, q)-deform...

Non-commutative Poisson algebras are the algebras having an associative algebra structure and a Lie algebra structure together with the Leibniz law. Let $P$ be a non-commutative Poisson algebra over some algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. For any $z\in P$, there exist four subalgebras of $P$ associated with the inner derivation $ad_...

The aim of this article is to advance the knowledge on the theory of skew left braces. We introduce a sub class of skew left braces, which we denote by In, n ≥ 1, such that elements of the annihilator and lower central series' interact 'nicely' with respect to commutation. That allows us to define a concept of n-isoclinism of skew left braces in In...

It is proved that: each collectively order continuous set of operators from an Archimedean ordered vector space with a generating cone to an ordered vector space is collectively order bounded; and each collectively order-to-norm bounded set of operators from an ordered Banach space with a closed generating cone to a normed space is norm bounded. Se...

We study Bloom-type two-weight inequalities for commutators of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and sharp maximal function. Some necessary and sufficient conditions are given to characterize the two-weight inequalities for such commutators.

This study examined the relationship between service quality, trust, and passenger satisfaction in sustainable e-public transportation, using the Doha Metro in Qatar as a case study. Despite its advanced automation, the metro faces low adoption, with less than 30% of the economically active population utilizing it. To address this, this study integ...

We provide an equational basis for McCarthy algebras, the variety generated by the three-element algebra defining the logic of McCarthy (the non commutative version of Kleene three-valued logics), solving a problem left open by Konikowska [17]. Differently from Konikowska, we tackle the problem in a more general algebraic setting by introducing McC...

(1) Research Highlights: Existing studies primarily focus on the supply-side evaluation of urban forest accessibility, emphasizing physical proximity while often overlooking real-time usage patterns and demographic-specific exposure. This study shifts the focus to social exposure, analyzing how diverse population groups interact with urban forests...

Introduction This study examines the challenges faced by displaced LGBTIQ + populations in Mexico City, emphasizing the roles of legal protections, healthcare, social networks, and social media in their integration. Methods Findings derive from eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in Mexico City. Research included observations, in-depth biograph...

Patients have expressed a preference for home-based subcutaneous immunoglobulin infusion therapy, often citing the time savings from not having to commute, as well as the flexible scheduling that home-based treatment provides. In this review of evidence, the opportunity to decrease time spent during infusions is explored, as well as the contrast be...

The aim of this article is to advance the knowledge on the theory of skew left braces. We introduce a sub class of skew left braces, which we denote by $\mathcal{I}_n$, $n \ge 1$, such that elements of the annihilator and lower central series' interact 'nicely' with respect to commutation. That allows us to define a concept of $n$-isoclinism of ske...

Ecosystem engineers such as beavers play a key role in shaping their habitats by modifying their physical environment and providing resources for other species. Beavers alter their surroundings by building dams, lodges, and canals, ultimately transforming rivers into dynamic networks of ponds and wetlands that may enhance biodiversity, by benefitin...

The increasing requirement for efficient, cost-effective, and green transport has led to the implementation of a campus carpool scheme. In this paper, we discuss the process of engineering requirements for developing a carpool system to match university staff and students for daily commute on a shared basis. With the application of formal elicitati...

The generalized uncertainty connection between the fluctuations of a quantum observable and its temporal derivative is derived in this study, we demonstrate that the product of an observable's uncertainties and its time derivative is bounded by half the modulus of the expectation value of the commutator between the observable and its derivative, us...

The aim of this paper is to derive Spivey's type recurrence relations for the Lah-Bell polynomials and the r-Lah-Bell polynomials by utilizing operators X and D satisfying the commutation relation DX-XD=1. Here X is the `multiplication by x' operator and D is the differentiation operator D=d/dx. In addition, we obtain Spivey's type recurrence relat...

The work presented in this thesis falls within the framework of modeling and mathematical analysis of an infectious disease within an ecological community and among commuting populations, based on an original approach to individual mobility. The theoretical mathematical framework we adopt for the implementation of our models relies on systems of or...

An infinite 3-parametric family of superintegrable and exactly-solvable quantum models on a plane, admitting separation of variables in polar coordinates, marked by integer index $k$ was introduced in Journ Phys A 42 (2009) 242001 and was called in literature the TTW system. In this paper it is conjectured that the Hamiltonian and both integrals of...

Background Help-seeking for mental health problems is a complex process that involves handling both personal challenges and dealing with the organizational structure of the healthcare system. The healthcare system is siloed and fragmented, but it is unclear how the challenges are experienced by the young adults and what their healthcare journeys lo...

We give an introductory account of the recently identified gauge invariance of the equilibrium statistical mechanics of classical many-body systems (Müller et al 2024 Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 217101). The gauge transformation is a non-commutative shifting operation on phase space that keeps the differential phase space volume element and hence the Gibb...

Climate change and global warming are severe threats that currently affect the daily lives of the world population. One of the human behaviors that can be most affected by weather conditions is that of personal travel, including commuting, an activity that millions of workers worldwide engage in daily. Within this framework, we analyze the relation...

In this paper, we provide a complete characterization of bounded Toeplitz operators $T_f$ on the harmonic Bergman space of the unit disk, where the symbol $f$ has a polar decomposition truncated above, that commute with $T_{z+\bar{g}}$, for a bounded analytic function $g$.

This paper presents a comprehensive description of the coordinate rings and Poisson brackets associated with the fourth Calogero-Moser space and invariant commuting pairs of matrices of size four. As an application, we compute their respective classes in the Grothendieck ring of the category of complex varieties and we offer some novel insights abo...

This study is the first in Japan to prospectively examine the relationship between walking to and from school and physical activity in primary school children. A total of 76 participants completed baseline and follow-up assessments, and their mean age was 9.6 ± 1.0 years at baseline and 10.6 ± 1.0 years at follow-up. The participants’ mode of schoo...

In Algebraic Vision, the projective reconstruction of the position of each camera and scene point from the knowledge of many enough corresponding points in the views is called the structure from motion problem. It is known that the reconstruction is ambiguous if the scene points lie on particular algebraic varieties, called critical loci. To be mor...

We construct a new infinite family of integrable deformations of the principal chiral model (PCM) parametrized by an interaction function of several variables, which extends the formalism of [C. Ferko and L. Smith, An infinite family of integrable sigma models using auxiliary fields, .] and includes deformations of the PCM by functions of both the...

For a Lie groupoid $G$, the differential forms on its nerve comprise a double complex. A natural question is if this statement extends to forms with values in a representation $V$ of $G$. In this paper, we research two types of covariant derivatives which commute with the simplicial differential, yielding two types of "curved" double complexes of f...

We provide a streamlined elaboration on existing ideas that link Ising anyon (or equivalently, Majorana) stabilizer codes to certain classes of binary classical codes. The groundwork for such Majorana-based quantum codes can be found in earlier works (including, for example, Bravyi (arXiv:1004.3791) and Vijay et al. (arXiv:1703.00459)), where it wa...

This paper proposes a new non‐isolated single‐phase buck‐boost AC–AC converter with a reduced number of active and passive components and an improved buck‐boost conversion ratio. The extension of the proposed circuit is also presented, which can generate a symmetric‐bipolar buck‐boost voltage. The converter achieves a wide step‐down operating area...

The classical Cowen-Douglas class of (commuting tuples of) operators possessing an open set of (joint) eigenvalues of finite constant multiplicity was introduced by Cowen and Douglas, generalizing the backward shifts. Their unitary equivalence classes are determined by the equivalence classes of certain hermitian holomorphic vector bundles associat...

We introduce the concepts of commutativity relative to a transformation group and strong commutativity in the setting of a semi-FTvN system and show their appearance as optimality conditions in certain optimization problems. In the setting of a semi-FTvN system (in particular, in an FTvN system), we show that strong commutativity implies commutativ...

In this paper we study maximal subrings up to isomorphism of fields. It is shown that each field with zero characteristic has infinitely many maximal subrings up to isomorphism. If K is an algebraically closed field and x is an indeterminate over K, then we prove that integrally closed maximal subrings of K(x) which contains K are all isomorphic. I...

We initiate the study of the interplay between T duality and classical stress tensor deformations in two-dimensional sigma models. We first show that a general Abelian T duality commutes with the T T ¯ deformation, which can be engineered by a gravitational dressing. Then, by using an auxiliary field formulation of stress tensor deformations of the...

We work in the category $\mathcal{CLM}^u_k$ of [5] of separated complete bounded $k$-linearly topologized modules over a complete linearly topologized ring $k$ and discuss duality on certain exact subcategories. We study topological and uniform structures on locally compact paracompact $0$-dimensional topological spaces $X$, named $td$-spaces in [1...

We study a theory of asynchronous session types ensuring that well-typed processes terminate under a suitable fairness assumption. Fair termination entails starvation freedom and orphan message freedom namely that all messages, including those that are produced early taking advantage of asynchrony, are eventually consumed. The theory is based on a...

In this paper, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the impact on the Italian electric power system deriving from the increasing adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). To this purpose, a case study that involves the Lombardy region in a 2030 scenario is analyzed. To accurately estimate travel habits within the region, datasets publicly avai...

Owing to its intricate river network, Dhaka offers the potential for effective communication and transportation. Nevertheless, current obstacles including inadequate maintenance, poor infrastructure, pollution and a lack of organized services make it difficult to make the best use of these waterways and result in terrible intercity traffic burden....

A module $M$ is said to be stable if it has no nonzero projective direct summand. For a ring $ R $, we study the conditions under which every $R$-module $M$ within a specific class can be decomposed into a direct sum of a projective module and a stable module, focusing on identifying the types of rings and the class of $R$-modules where this proper...

Public transport and shared mobility services are widely acknowledged as the backbone of sustainable urban transportation in terms of reduction of traffic congestion, air pollution and noise and increasing traffic safety. These services play pivotal roles in achieving the objectives of EU Cities Mission and the European Green Deal ambition of net z...

Excess commuting, defined as the inefficiency resulting from spatial mismatches between residential and employment locations, poses significant challenges for urban planning and transportation systems. This study uses big data from individual vehicle trips collected in Tampa, Florida, to quantify excess commuting more accurately than traditional zo...

We describe methods to construct digital quantum simulation algorithms for quantum spin systems on a regular lattice with local interactions. In addition to tools such as the Trotter-Suzuki expansion and graph coloring, we also discuss the efficiency gained by parallel execution of an extensive number of commuting terms. We provide resource estimat...

This paper relates to the Fourier decay properties of images of self-similar measures $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}^k$ under nonlinear smooth maps $f \colon \mathbb{R}^k \to \mathbb{R}$. For example, we prove that if the linear parts of the similarities defining $\mu$ commute and the graph of $f$ has nonvanishing Gaussian curvature, then the Fourier dimensi...

In this article, we investigate symmetry properties of distributed systems of mobile robots. We consider a swarm of $n\in\mathbb{N}$ robots in the $\mathcal{OBLOT}$ model and analyze their collective $\mathcal{F}$sync dynamics using of equivariant dynamical systems theory. To this end, we show that the corresponding evolution function commutes with...

This study explores the impact of transportation infrastructure on development and accessibility in Ibadan's peripheral areas. As urban expansion continues, understanding how transportation systems influence daily commuting and development in these fringe areas is crucial. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative surve...

Let R be a finite commutative ring with a non-zero unit, and L be an ideal of R. focuses on expanding the notation of the Zero Divisor Graph to create what is known as the Ideal-Based Zero Divisor Graph. The main goal is to classify rings using the ideal-based Zero divisor graph that consists of 9 vertices and symbolizes (ГL(R)) by using the proper...

(1) Background: Rapid urban growth in China has extended rail systems to neighboring cities to meet intercity travel needs, making it important to understand intercity travel patterns. (2) Methods: Taking the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Metro Xihuan Line as an example, intercity ridership patterns are analyzed. A Gaussian mixture model is a...

This paper presents a novel mathematical framework for unifying the four fundamental forces of nature through the lens of fractional calculus and the concept of J-infinity. We demonstrate that fractional derivatives can be interpreted as projections of physical quantities onto non-integer dimensional spaces, with different forces corresponding to d...

In this paper, we consider a generalization of $(A, m, n)$-isosymmetric operators on a Hilbert space to the multivariable setting. For a $d$-tuple of commuting operators $\mathbf{T}=(T_1 , \dots, T_d)$, $A$ a positive operator and $m, n$ are two positive integers, we introduce the class of $(A, m, n)$-isosymmetric $d$-tuple of commuting operators a...

A bstract We further develop the BPS/CFT correspondence between quiver W-algebras/ qq -characters and partition functions of gauge origami. We introduce qq -characters associated with multi-dimensional partitions with nontrivial boundary conditions which we call Donaldson-Thomas (DT) qq -characters. They are operator versions of the equivariant DT...

Some energies of the prime ideal graph are found for a commutative ring associated with Seidel-based matrices including Seidel, Seidel Laplacian, and Seidel signless Laplacian matrices.

In this paper, we study quasi-abelian codes over a finite chain ring. First of all, we provide a decomposition of a group ring \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{docu...

Job satisfaction is a critical determinant in talent acquisition and corporate value enhancement. The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a significant increase in online-based non-face-to-face services and consumption, leading to sustained growth in ICT industry job demand. Given the ICT sector’s heavy reliance on human capital and its growing workfor...

The algebra of invariants for both the relativistic and nonrelativistic multispecies Vlasov-Maxwell system is examined, including the case with a fixed ion background. Invariants and their associated fluxes are obtained directly from the Vlasov-Maxwell system. The invariants are shown to Poisson commute with the Hamiltonian and the rest of the Pois...

Factors related to catering distribution are typically characterized by local changes, but few studies have quantitatively investigated the inherent spatial nonstationarity correlations. In this study, a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model was adopted to locally examine the impact of various factors on catering distribution,...

A topological index is a numerical value that provides information about the structure of a graph. Among various degree-based topological indices, the forgotten topological index (F-index) is of particular interest in this study. The F-index is calculated for the zero divisor graph of a ring R. In graph theory, the zero divisor graph of R is define...

In a recent article [13], G. Janelidze introduced the concept of ideally exact categories as a generalization of semi-abelian categories, aiming to incorporate relevant examples of non-pointed categories, such as the categories Ring and CRing of unitary (commutative) rings. He also extended the notion of action representability to this broader fram...

We study the vanishing viscosity limit for $2\times2$ triangular system of hyperbolic conservation laws when the viscosity coefficients are non linear. In this article, we assume that the viscosity matrix $B(u)$ is commutating with the convective part $A(u)$. We show the existence of global smooth solution to the parabolic equation satisfying unifo...

The supermultiplet model, based on the reduction chain $\mathfrak{su}(4) \supset \mathfrak{su}(2) \times \mathfrak{su}(2)$, is revisited through the lens of commutants within universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. From this analysis, a collection of twenty polynomials up to degree nine emerges from the commutant associated with the $\mathfr...

We introduce a generic technique to obtain linear relaxations of semidefinite programs with provable guarantees based on the commutativity of the constraint and the objective matrices. We study conditions under which the optimal value of the SDP and the proposed linear relaxation match, which we then relax to provide a flexible methodology to deriv...

The aim of this paper is to study the maximal commutators \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$M_{b}$$\end{document} and the commutators of the maximal opera...

This article proposes a space vector-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique for a modified T-Type inverter configuration. The modification involves incorporating a bidirectional switch to achieve zero pole voltage, distinguishing it from conventional T-Type inverters. The proposed PWM technique is designed using a space vector approach, which...

In a previous Letter, we showed that physical scattering observables for compact spinning objects in general relativity can depend on additional degrees of freedom in the spin tensor beyond those described by the spin vector alone. In this paper, we provide further details on the physics of these additional degrees of freedom, whose commutation rel...

Quantum circuit transformation (QCT), necessary for adapting any quantum circuit to the qubit connectivity constraints of the NISQ device, often introduces numerous additional SWAP gates into the original circuit, increasing the circuit depth and thus reducing the success rate of computation. To minimize the depth of QCT circuits, we propose a Swap...

The social behaviour of rodents has captivated scientists for decades, offering valuable insights into the evolution of mammalian sociality. One of the main critical gaps in understanding rodent sociality is the role of subadult individuals prolonging their stay with parents and younger siblings, particularly in nocturnal and elusive species. Moreo...

The ongoing debate over whether polycentric urban structures reduce commuting times has yielded conflicting conclusions, highlighting the need for empirical findings in diverse urban contexts and analyses that consider a range of influencing factors. This study analyzed the effects of employment center characteristics on commuting times, using the...

An important aspect of a well-designed urban form is supporting active school travel by adolescents, as it has positive effects on physical activity, healthy lifestyles, and reducing vehicle-related carbon emissions. To achieve this, it is necessary to provide sufficient shading and fewer detours on home–school routes, especially in an era of frequ...

This paper examined the component(s) that limit the provision of efficient traffic management on Kubwa Express Road within the Abuja metropolis. The methodologies adopted for this study were quantitative and qualitative research as well as the review of relevant literature. 222 questionnaires were randomly distributed to respondents comprising comm...