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Values obtained for Evenness of the species distribution, relative abundance of species diversity, and the species richness of a number of identified timber tree species of a forgotten forest for biodiversity estimation applying Shannon-Wiener Index and computing by Excel's data analysis tool show almost the same, only the species richness index is different, then it's my query, parameters like Evenness of the species distribution, relative abundance of species diversity, and the species richness, are these same in the context of forest ecology?
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No. They are different from each other.
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Generally forest ecosystems are often developed on poorly fertile soils where the plant available pools of nutrient cations are frequently very low, but the content of available potassium for a natural terrestrial forest stand shows a very high value of 671.89 kg/ha using the standard method for the soil chemical analysis, is it natural for the soils of a terrestrial forest patch?
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Excellent, do you find any distinct variation in soil test values as per stand of different forest species , let us look at the root density vis-a- vis root education dictating such variation in soil test values , including K...
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Green economy interms of community based forest management!
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Dear Sony!
Community forest management is considered as one of the successful stories in case of Green Economy Sector in Nepal recognised by UNEP. It was initiated on experimental basis in 1980s in Nepal. After community forestry programs deforestation and forest degradation has been controlled drastically. This changes was due to active participation of local peoples. With the formation of Community Forestry Users Group,local forest users can gain membership that encourages them practice sustainable management. Community forestry program acted as a boon to poor people too. It managed to reduced pooverty by creating rural employment.
I will try to provide you more details in my next answer.
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We have two types of forest, natural and man-grown forest. Forest is one of the most economical resource that has a big role in maintaining ecological systems. But each trees has got its own productive age after that there is decrease in its productivity. Such trees should be cut for some other uses. The old tree must be compensated with new plantation. In this way it will not only play it's ecological role but will help and support economic activities.
In contrast we have banned tree cutting under the concepts of conservation and preservation. In this way, most of the counties are dependent on man-grown forest and usually growing fast growing trees. That has got negative impacts on Environment. Is there any such study on tree's age and its ecological productivity?
If someone has information, please share.
Regards
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One of the main focuses of the forestry discipline is optimizing the felling age (rotation period).
There are similar age one species, mixed age one species and multiple species forest in both categories (it is a better description than natural or man made from productivity perspective.
The mixed age multiple species ('natural') forest productivity is the same for centuries. Even if you extract timber (up to a level) it remain the same. There is no more net carbon sequestration, the sequestered carbon and the released from decomposition are in balance.
In the case of single age forests, the growth curve is species specific, but usually start slow (from biomass perspective) accelerates and reach the full potential when all area is covered by the trees' crowns. From that point, until the trees health affected, the yearly growth is approximately the same. The highest economic value growth is somewhat later than the peak of the mass growth since higher diameter timber is more valuable. The thinning (earlier wood extraction from the forest) influences the growth curve (drop in mass the accelerating growth).
After the harvest, you leave around the 50% of the extracted biomass in the soil. The decomposition cab be slower than the rotation period, so you accumulate soil carbon up to 3 rotation periods. If you use the extracted wood in durable products, you optimize the net sequestered carbon.
The decomposing trees are lost opportunities, you could use them for replacing fossil energy.
I do not want to refer an article, because it is an entire discipline.
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I am searching for any standard figures showing the amount of fuelwood can be harvested from 1 ha area. My study area is Bangladesh. So data regarding this region will be very helpful. I found one research paper from Nepal indicating 38.81 tons of fuelwood from 1 ha forest area. But it is not clear either its total harvest of the trees or in a sustainable way. I am looking for the data cap of sustainable fuelwood harvest from 1 ha of forest land. 
Thanks in advance.
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As pointed by Rahman and Uthappa the wood harvested depends on various ecological and even socio-cultural factors. For instance, what one may consider as not being fuelwood (e.g. roots or below ground biomass), in one region, may be considered as good wood elsewhere. Generally in Kenyan highlands a hectare of E. grandis can produce about 170 tonnes from thinnings. And this is besides root biomass.
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What aspects of forest policies are vital in linking livelihoods, food security and rural development to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies? See link below.
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Hi Nvenakeng Suzanne Awung 
Forest policies have been changed by policy makers in time to time with considering contextual economic needs and political agendas 
Policy interventions were started from colonial period and depended on colonial rulers' political and economic needs and agenda. Hence, with changing political environment, policy interventions were subjected to change. The history of policy interventions in forest resource utilization can be divided into three main stages.
1.      The first phase of policy interventions (Colonial period)
2.      The second phase of policy interventions (Post- Colonial)
3.      The third phase of policy interventions (Comprehensive policy interventions since 1995)
1. Policy Interventions of the First Phase (Colonial   Period)
Europeans cleared a number of forest areas for their needs. For example, a large forest area was cleared   by Europeans for mono crops cultivation and for timber extraction in the southern peripheral context of the world. Therefore, forests coverage of developing countries gradually decreased during the European rule.
On the other hand, the colonial rulers focused on conservation of forests, especially at the end of the European ruling period. At the end of the ruling period, they realized the value of forest coverage.
2 . The second phase of policy interventions (Post- Colonial)
In that period, environmental tribulations or rapid increase in population was not experienced compared with present. Therefore, the peripheral communities and even outsiders had opportunity to utilize forest resource. On the other hand, the governments of developing/poor countries  also paid attention on maintaining forest in order to take highest possible economic advantages as a source of timber and other forest produce for development.
3.  The third phase of policy interventions (Comprehensive policy interventions since 1990)
At the dawn of 1980s, objectives of policy intervention in forest resource utilization subjected to change. For example, even tough the governments before 1980s considered forests were sources of resources for development, the forest resource was identified a valuable national treasure after 1980s. Thus, the government focused on “top-bottom approaches” in forest conservation and management.
The changes in policy intervention in forest resource utilization were due to national and international issues. One of the important reasons was that, by 1980s there were signs of global environmental degradation. The fact that the natural resources were limited and some of the over exploited resources could never be regenerated was recognized. In this period, awareness campaigns to protect environment were launched globally and the international agreements were made to conserve environment.
policy makers mainly considered some special objectives such as; 
1.  To conserve forests for posterity, with particular regard to biodiversity, soil, water, and historical, cultural, religious, and aesthetic values.
2.  To increase tree cover and productivity of forests to meet the needs of present and future generations for forest produce and services.
To enhance contribution of forests to the welfare of the rural population and to strengthen the national economy with special attention paid to equity in economic development
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Details of sacred groves in Haryana state in India
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Hi
I could find out some research papers about sacred groves of Haryana state and I am sending those papers herewith as an attachment. I think it will be useful for your work  
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One of the challenges to reduce size of extensive paddocks (>500 ha) in Paraguay is the high costs of fencing and the need to cut hard wood from forest islets to construct conventional fencing, which leads to deforestation of native woodlands. Cattle ranchers need fencing to protect wetlands (as required by law), or to assure a better use of native grasslands, in rotational schemes. One option in literature is to establish live fences, however this is not easy when the cattle is actively grazing and paddocks cannot be abandoned for 3-5 years. This points to the need of a non-edible tree species that can grow despite current active grazing. What we're looking for is to test different species in a particular productive setting. Any help, articles, or experiences of particular species would be greatly appreciated. We are mostly focused in Tropical and Subtropical areas. 
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 Hi
I am from Sri Lanka, farmers of my country use several species as live tree fences and I am sending some research works regarding that. I think that will also be useful for your need  
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I want to study the management and marketing aspects of rattan, which is one of the non-wood forest products. Participatory management especially initiated by community people for managing rattan and its relation with CAI and MAI which determines to marketing volume of rattan are of major interest.
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Hi
I could collect three research papers regarding  rattan (cane) management. I am sending that herewith as an attachments 
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In my professional work I am thinking to design a market based livelihood alternative program for forest dependent communities in rural areas of Nepal where we have to ensure equitable benefit sharing as a major expected outcome. I would like to know any evidence based research that mentions in what conditions and context market could be responsible and accountable for  pro-poor and gender responsive outcomes?
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  I am sending some research papers herewith that may be useful for ur needs 
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As public agencies mostly want to partner with local people or other community actors for joint projects or collaborative activities, what practical steps conveners or agencies need to win local people trust? what will make them buy into this idea of partnership? I found the article below more useful, any other suggestions?
Rising to the challenge: A framework for optimising value in collaborative natural resource governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 67, 20-29.
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Listening is the most important thing outsiders can do. Then, ask clarifying questions-- people on the ground know a great deal.   
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What is average root lengths of salix schwerinii?
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I only know from Salix viminalis that this cannot be answered. It can be several meters, or only half a meter depending on the soil depth and density and on water and nutrient  availability. 
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We need semi-permanent tags or marks for tropical tree seedings and juveniles. They need to be numbered and last for at least 10 years (3-4 year censuses).  The only tags I've been able to find are tree tags, which are a bit big for our purpose.  We were looking for something approximately 2x1 cm or similar.  We also need to purchase over 2000 of them, so price is a key issue.  Any suggestion would be greatly appreciated. If you have experience with long term plant surveys, other suggestions would be welcomed too.
thanks to all \\  eric,
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Hello Eric:
In our dry forest plots we have tagged saplings > 30 cm with aluminum Dymo tape. After trying several options this has been by far the best. The Dymo machine itself is a bit expensive but the rolls of aluminum tape are relatively cheap. We attach them to the plants with wire but if you intend to permanently mark very small seedlings this may not be the best way to go. Of course, in this dry forest site we have not faced problems like algae growing on our tapes!
Cheers,
Jorge
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forestry extension, in the case of the Philippines, is a non formal education trying to help and educate people. It is like an out of school education but this is still organized and systematic
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In India, the colonial rulers dealt local people out of forests by nationalising them in the 1890s, while leaving small patches for the immediate needs of villages and hamlets. Forests were classified into reserve and working forests, so that reserve forests were untouched and working forests were exploited. today, most reserve forests have been converted into national parks and sanctuaries. In the working forests, the rights of local people have been recognised during the past 30 years in a series of legislation, especially the rights of tribal people. Besides, the Joint Forests management Programme seeks to bring local people into the management of local resources; tribal people have the rights to non-timber forest products, including herbs, medicine, foods, etc. 
Regarding education, this is largely undertaken by non governmental organisations, taking into consideration local conditions (we have a vast variety of forest types and climates in india!) there is no formal curriculum to be followed but education is imparted on a case by case basis, depending on the skills of the NGO.
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Is there anyone who applied the hotspot analysis to forest presence datasets?
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Dear Sergio,
You might be interested in a freeware R library that I find works well:
Kind regards,
Kristina Blennow
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Dears,
For improve the velocity of the plant growth, on arid forest species, which biblography o references are recommending? Regards
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Thanks Alot friends for your articles that send to me, best for you. i will check them
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Collection of Wild medicinal and aromatic plants is rampant resulting in drastic depletion of these resources. Cultivation is a sustainable and economical option to conserve and protect the wild resources. With increasing demand for land for housing and industrial uses, where these plants should be cultivated? 
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I think cultivation of medicinal plant is better but we not expect that medicinal plant replace with other strategic crops and we should doing more research about domestication of medicinal and aromatic plants . we can produce many of med and aroma plants in poor lands, On the other hand, manage of collection of wild medicinal plant with observe principles of ISSC_ MAP and GMP can help me to sustainable harvesting.
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SEM has been under development for decades in human science, but its application in the field of natural science has not been as widespread.
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Most certainly yes; SEM can be applied to any natural phenomena, to detect causal effects. There is in fact a book written by James Grace with applications from forestry and related fields, see e.g. his ch. 1 example concluding: "the biggest impact on
changes in spurge density was from self thinning, with A. lacertosa having a
modest effect on spurge and A. nigriscutis having no impact at all." (p. 33); or 'Relating soil properties to plant growth' (p. 110).
Grace, J. B. (2006). Structural equation modeling and natural systems: Cambridge University Press.
See other Grace work with SEM:
Grace, J. B. (1999). The factors controlling species density in herbaceous plant
communities: an assessment. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics,
2, 1–28.
Grace, J. B. (2001). The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity. Oikos, 92, 191–207.
[THIS IS A SEM CLASSIC] Grace, J. B. (2003a). Comparing groups using structural equations. chapter 11, pp. 281–296. In: B. H. Pugesek, A. Tomer, & A. von Eye (eds.). Structural Equation
Modeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Grace, J. B. (2003b). Examining the relationship between environmental variables and ordination axes using latent variables and structural equation modeling. chapter
7, pp. 171–193. In: B. H. Pugesek, A. Tomer, & A. von Eye (eds.). Structural
Equation Modeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Grace, J. B. & Guntenspergen, G. R. (1999). The effects of landscape position on
plant species density: evidence of past environmental effects in a coastal wetland.
Ecoscience, 6, 381–391.
Grace, J. B.&Jutila, H. (1999). The relationship between species density and community biomass in grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows. Oikos, 85, 398–408.
Grace, J. B. & Keeley, J. E. (2006). A structural equation model analysis of postfire
plant diversity in California shrublands. Ecological Applications, 16, 503–514.
Grace, J. B. & Pugesek, B. (1997). A structural equation model of plant species richness and its application to a coastal wetland. American Naturalist, 149, 436–460.
Grace, J. B. & Pugesek, B. H. (1998). On the use of path analysis and related procedures for the investigation of ecological problems. American Naturalist 152, 151–159.
Grace, J. B., Allain, L.,&Allen, C. (2000). Factors associated with plant species richness in a coastal tall-grass prairie. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, 443–452.
Grime, J. P. (1973). Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature, 242,
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Balogh-Brunstaddid not seem to use SEM in their piece, but some anbalysis of variance of changes in several outcomes, I think:
Balogh-Brunstad said: "The significance of differences in the effects of bacteria and fungus, pine, and the presence or absence of ectomycorrhizae on pine was determined by analyses of variance (SAS 2004)." (p. 157)
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As above.
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Precision forestry as related to climate change may be an added advantage to you because it is a source of mitigating climate change as carbon sequestration is the order of the day. Precision forestry to me is seen as establishing forest with a unique purpose either for profitability or for balancing natural ecosystem .