Science topic

Communications Media - Science topic

The means of interchanging or transmitting and receiving information. Historically the media were written: books, journals, newspapers, and other publications; in the modern age the media include, in addition, radio, television, computers, and information networks.
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Hace unos días tres menores de edad que vivían en un piso tutelado asesinaron a la educadora social Belén Cortes.
La víctima era una de las cinco trabajadoras que acudía diariamente el piso donde "se trabajaba con miedo", según aseguran las compañeras y han recogido los medios de comunicación.
Ante esta situación de dolor, de indefensión y de frustración, me surgen muchas preguntas, a veces de difícil respuesta, pero que requieren de una actuación urgente en distintos estratos de la sociedad.
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Sí, creo que una educación sobreprotectora puede influir en las conductas violentas de los menores. Cuando se protege excesivamente a un niño o adolescente de enfrentar las consecuencias de sus acciones o de experimentar situaciones difíciles, se les impide desarrollar habilidades importantes como la autorregulación emocional, la empatía y la resolución de conflictos. Esto puede llevar a que, al enfrentarse a frustraciones o conflictos en la vida real, no sepan manejar sus emociones de manera adecuada, lo que podría desencadenar comportamientos violentos. Además, una sobreprotección puede crear una falta de conciencia sobre los límites y las responsabilidades, lo que dificulta la comprensión de la importancia de las normas sociales y el respeto hacia los demás.
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Hace unos días tres menores de edad que vivían en un piso tutelado asesinaron a la educadora social Belén Cortes.
La víctima era una de las cinco trabajadoras que acudía diariamente el piso donde "se trabajaba con miedo", según aseguran las compañeras y han recogido los medios de comunicación.
Ante esta situación de dolor, de indefensión y de frustración, me surgen muchas preguntas, a veces de difícil respuesta, pero que requieren de una actuación urgente en distintos estratos de la sociedad.
Si tenemos en cuenta además sus antecedentes: uno cometió 37 delitos en un fin de semana y el otro agredió a su padre hasta romperle la nariz.
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Yo pienso que los menores no deberían ser juzgados como adultos, pero, en casos graves como el asesinato, creo que deben recibir un castigo más severo que el actual. Si bien los menores aún están en proceso de desarrollo y tienen la capacidad de cambiar, un crimen tan grave no puede ser tratado con poca seriedad. Los centros de menores deberían ofrecer rehabilitación, pero también debe existir una sanción adecuada que refleje la gravedad del delito cometido. Un castigo más firme, dentro de los límites de su edad, ayudaría a que comprendan mejor la magnitud de sus acciones, pero siempre teniendo en cuenta que el objetivo principal debe ser su reintegración y no solo el castigo.
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Los medios de comunicación tienen un papel fundamental en como se perciben a los inmigrantes, ya sea de forma positiva o negativa, pueden llegar a influir mucho en las opiniones públicas.
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The media plays a crucial role in shaping the image of migrants within receiving societies, affecting their integration process. Negative media coverage may reinforce stereotypes, such as associating them with crime or unemployment, leading to growing feelings of fear and hatred and influencing public policies towards them. On the other hand, positive media can facilitate their social, cultural and economic integration by highlighting their positive contributions. To achieve balanced media coverage, focus on providing objective content, engaging migrants in the media discourse, and highlighting success stories, which promotes mutual understanding and helps build more inclusive and tolerant societies.
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Should the development of environmental education programmes be based mainly on media campaigns or on the introduction of compulsory environmental education classes in schools?
Effective environmental education is crucial for changing social habits and attitudes towards the environment. Media campaigns reach a wide audience, but they are short-term, while the introduction of compulsory environmental education in schools involves a long-term learning process and costs. Research shows that compulsory environmental education in schools has a greater long-term impact on changing environmental attitudes than media campaigns. Therefore, the educational programmes in schools can shape ecological habits from an early age, which increases the chances of their consolidation in adult life. However, this requires adequate preparation of teachers, development of educational materials and significant financial outlays. Media campaigns, on the other hand, are more flexible and can react quickly to new environmental challenges, but their effectiveness depends on the regularity and quality of the message. The final solution may be to combine both approaches to maximise educational effects.
I have described the key issues concerning the green transformation of the economy in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Prof. Prokopowicz!
You raised a topic of primary importance. I see the question you addressed above could be researched in the ongoing EU project consortium:
CiRCLETECH – Workshop in the Spirit of Collaboration, update January 14, 2025, Quoting "Researchers from the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, the Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology in Finland, and the University of Miskolc explored further opportunities for collaboration within the CiRCLETECH project. ..."
......
“We sought areas during the workshop where we could continue the project with the involvement of additional international partners,”
– said Prof. Dr. Gábor Mucsi, Dean of the Faculty of Earth Science and Engineering.
.....
"The aim was to outline future project possibilities and foster the formation of research groups working on multidisciplinary topics."
Please see further details at:
I will contact Prof. Dr. Gábor Mucsi. Adj Prof. Kenneth D. Strang is active again, so you, me, and Dr. Strang could talk Google Meet at some point.
Sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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To what extent has the scale of disinformation generated with the use of applications available on the Internet based on generative artificial intelligence technology increased?
To what extent has the scale of disinformation generated in online social media increased using applications based on generative artificial intelligence technology available on the Internet?
Many research institutions have included among the main types of threats and risks developing globally in 2023 the question of the increase in the scale of organized disinformation operating in online social media. The diagnosed increase in the scale of disinformation generated in online social media is related to the use of applications available on the Internet based on generative artificial intelligence technology. With the help of applications available on the Internet, it is possible without being a computer graphic designer and even without artistic skills to simply and easily create graphics, drawings, photos, images, videos, animations, etc., which can represent graphically professionally created “works” that can depict fictional events. Then, with the help of other applications equipped with generative artificial intelligence technology and advanced language models, i.e. with the help of intelligent chatbots, text can be created to describe specific “fictional events” depicted in the generated images. Accordingly, since the end of 2022, i.e. since the first such intelligent chatbot, i.e. the first versions of ChatGPT, were made available on the Internet, the number of memes, photos, comments, videos, posts, banners, etc. generated with the help of applications equipped with tools based on artificial intelligence technology has been growing rapidly, including the rapid increase in the scale of disinformation generated in this way. In order to limit the scale of the aforementioned disinformation developing in online media, on the one hand, technology companies running social media portals and other online information services are perfecting tools for identifying posts, entries, comments, banners, photos, videos, animations, etc. that contain specific, usually thematic types of disinformation. However, these solutions are not perfect, and the scales of disinformation operating in internecine social media are still high. On the other hand, specific institutions for combating disinformation are being established, NGOs and schools are conducting educational campaigns to make citizens aware of the high scale of disinformation developing on the Internet. In addition, proposed regulations such as the AIAct, which as a set of regulations on the proper use of tools equipped with artificial intelligence technology is expected to come into force in the next 2 years in the European Union may play an important role in reducing the scale of disinformation developing on the Internet.
I have described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
To what extent has the scale of disinformation generated in online social media using applications based on generative artificial intelligence technology available on the Internet increased?
To what extent has the scale of disinformation generated using applications based on generative artificial intelligence technology available on the Internet increased?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The scale of disinformation generated using generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology has significantly increased due to the widespread availability and advanced capabilities of these applications. AI-driven tools, such as deepfake generators and text generation models, can produce highly realistic and persuasive content, making it easier to create and spread false information. This proliferation of disinformation is amplified by social media platforms, where such content can be disseminated rapidly and widely. The accessibility of these AI tools to the general public further exacerbates the issue, as individuals with limited technical expertise can now generate convincing fake news, videos, and images, leading to a greater volume of disinformation circulating online.
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In your opinion, in a country with a democratic system of government, should the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media be independent, private or state-owned, under government control?
I ask because different countries have different solutions to this issue. In the country where I have been operating for many years, the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media are under government control, are state-owned (e.g., companies in which the treasury dominates as the main or sole shareholder), are referred to as public, and are used by the government as a mouthpiece for pro-government propaganda, including generating disinformation to citizens so that citizens will once again vote for the same ruling political party in parliamentary elections. On the one hand, this has been operating for many years and nothing has changed in this regard. And on the other hand, it is criticized by media experts, researchers and scholars, by media scholars, but also by many citizens who are not professionally or scientifically involved in the media. The criticism points to the lack of information objectivity, to the politicization of information, to the creation of pro-government propaganda, consisting of constant and incessant praise of what the government is doing, criticism of what the opposition parties are proposing, etc. on the unreliability of information, on the violation of the rules of journalistic ethics, on the public practice of hegemony against people working in opposition political circles, on the practice of disinformation even against people representing the so-called "hardcore electorate" of voters who usually vote in parliamentary and other elections for the ruling PIS political option.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, in a country with a democratic system of government, should the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media be independent, private or under government control?
Should the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media be independent, private or state-owned, under government control?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Regardless of the type of ownership, all that is important in journalism is integrity, transparency and adherence to ethical standards.
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La correlación entre el origen de la sociedad de masas y los medios de comunicación vertidos en ella, y la actualidad de ello.
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Genial! Muchísimas gracias!
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In your opinion, does the development of new online media, including online social media and the new technologies Industry 4.0 implemented into these media, including the use of artificial intelligence in these media, increase the issue of objectivity and transparency of information or rather generate more disinformation?
On the one hand, online social media, which has been developing for 2 decades now, is making a significant contribution to the development of remote online communication, social remote communication, open communication of sending content created on the fly, sending information to friends, promoting oneself and/or specific product or service offers, informal data transfer, expressing one's emotions in the information sent, including positive as well as negative emotions, and so on. In this way, online social media on a local, regional or global scale have also contributed to the objectification of information in the context of news reported in official, meanstream media. In this regard, online social media are fulfilling their role of social and objectification of media information both in countries with democratic power systems and in non-democratic, dictatorial power systems as long as they are not blocked and restricted by the power system.
On the other hand, there has long been a lot of fake news and disinformation in online social media, the transmission and forwarding by more Internet users of memes, posts, videos, banners, comments containing unverified, unconfirmed content, data and information. In addition, new ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies, new versions of graphic and other applications are being used to generate disinformation. Also, cyber criminals and hackers breaking into social media user profiles, stealing sensitive data of social media users are also using new technologies. Recently, machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence technologies have also been used by cybercriminals and untrustworthy social media users to generate disinformation. As part of this, cybercriminals, hackers and unethical Internet users generating disinformation take advantage of security gaps in information systems, exploit diagnosed inadequacies in cyber security tools operating in the aforementioned social media sites. Thus, it is necessary to conduct relentless monitoring of information traffic on these portals, to identify cybercriminal, hacking, fake news and disinformation generating activities, and to improve cyber security systems, instruments, tools as efficiently and quickly as possible.
In view of the above, what prevails in recent times? Do new technologies rather help cyber criminals, hackers and foul Internet users generating disinformation, or do they rather help the development of social media portals and the improvement of cyber security systems?
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, does the development of new online media, including online social media and the new technologies Industry 4.0 implemented into these media, including the use of artificial intelligence in these media, increase the issue of objectivity and transparency of information or rather generate more disinformation?
Does the development of online media increase the issue of objectivity and transparency of information or rather generate more disinformation?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Musliyu Raufu: You are correct that there is no true impartiality, that is not possible with many events and issues which are matters of opinion rather than fact. What has happened in recent years is that the editors of public media have been usurped by the owners and opinions expressed are less democratic. None of the western media have criticised the sham that is climate change propaganda, wonder why?
Any censorship of the internet needs to be done carefully: yes make obscene or violence support illegal, but do not allow the Fat Controller to stop debate.
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Dear Colleagues,
I would like to start a group to consider changing the dismissive treatment of rhetoric in colloquial situations to reflect that people become experts in crowd persuasion. If there were a column in--say--the NYT on just how rhetoric is used by "influencers," then people can see it coming and have sales resistance.
Any thoughts on how to interest the media in the validity and desirability of such a project?
I look forwards to your comments.
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Dear Stanley,
I think people can sometimes surprise us. Anyone who has taught for a couple or few decades tends to adopt the audience model of "least mental effort wanted" but remember that all that is accessible in print and online major newspapers actively promotes this model. Some experimental columns in our local newspaper bring in a more in-depth approach did rather well.
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The Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication standard promises to provide enhanced mobile broadband, massive connectivity and ultra-low latency through various technological advances, including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, and network densification. However, these technologies consume a lot of power and struggle to provide the users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS) in harsh propagation environments.
For example, the network’s total energy consumption scales linearly with the numbers of base stations (BS)s and the active antennas at each BS, while communication at mmWave bands suffers from high path/penetration losses. These limitations have resulted in the need for green and sustainable future cellular networks with control over the propagation environment.
Therefore, can Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) be designed for 1 to 6 GHz bands as well? Or is it only suitable for high-frequency bands such as millimeter waves?
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Intelligent Reflecting Surface IRS be designed for 1 to 6 GHz bands:
1- Cascaded Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Multiuser MISO Systems
2- Terahertz Multi-User Massive MIMO With Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Beam Training and Hybrid Beamforming
3- Wireless Environment as a Service Enabled by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: The RISE-6G Perspective
4- Joint Beam Training and Positioning for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted Millimeter Wave Communications
5- Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) Allocation Scheduling Method Using Combinatorial Optimization by Quantum Computing
5- A Path to Smart Radio Environments: An Industrial Viewpoint on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
6- System Performance Insights into Design of RIS-assisted Smart Radio Environments for 6G
7- Slotted Wideband Frequency Selective Reflectors for Sub-6 GHz 5G Devices
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Intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS)
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The research on IRS design and performance optimization is in its infancy.
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Is it possible to mention the areas in which IRS have been used? And how much benefit have you achieved or will be achieved when using it?
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IRS intelligent reflective surfaces applications nowadays:
1- IRS-assisted low altitude passive aerial relaying
2- Intelligent Reflective Surfaces for Wireless Networks: An Overview of Applications, Approached Issues, and Open Problemshttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2345
3- When Full-Duplex Transmission Meets Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Opportunities and Challenges
4- Full-Duplex Enabled Intelligent Reflecting Surface Systems: Opportunities and Challenges
5- Sum-Rate Maximization for IRS-Assisted UAV OFDMA Communication Systems
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where IRS is intelligent reflective surfaces, ISI is inter symbol interference which is a main cause that can reduce efficiency of the system due to multi
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Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Multi-User OFDMA: Channel Estimation and Training Design
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Apparently, in the second half of 2018 Instargram is growing faster than Facebook, taking into account the increase in the number of new users setting up their profiles on individual social media portals.
Do similar trends occur when comparing other social media portals?
Do social media portals dedicated to mobile devices develop faster than other types of social media portals?
Please reply
The problems of the analysis of information contained on social media portals for marketing purposes are described in the publication:
I invite you to discussion and cooperation.
Best wishes
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Today, more and more social media users are browsing this media on their smartphones. Consequently, new online media are being adapted to smartphone systems and panels.
Greetings,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The problem of greenhouse gas emissions is still too little propagated in the media.
Still too few social campaigns are being undertaken to promote this particularly important topic in the context of the future of human existence on Earth in the 21st century.
In view of the above, the current question is: The role of the media in promoting sustainable pro-ecological development?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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In my opinion, the role of the media, including new Internet media, is very important in terms of promoting the need to achieve the goals of sustainable development, promoting nature protection and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, and protecting the biosphere and climate of the planet Earth.
What do you think about this topic?
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is deemed as the promising and revolutionizing technology for future wireless communication systems.
As the kind of impedance metasurface, each element of IRS is composed of configurable electromagnetic (EM) internals and can reflect the incident EM wave with the desired phase shift. Thus, the IRS is able to intelligently change the propagation environment and significantly enhance the quality and coverage of wireless communications. So, do you see any chance that network operators will deploy the IRS in their networks?
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Yes, IRS can be deployed to enhance security in communication networks to either replace legacy security solutions or supplement them.
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If the range of transmission power without IRS is too high, and the BS has at most 40 dBm. How can we have high range transmission of power?
where IRS is the intelligent reflective surfaces, and BS is the base station
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IRS or no IRS, isn't this a standard problem of propagation loss? You have to know the sensitivity of the receiver, the noise power at the receiver, the gain of the receive antenna, the range to the transmitter, the terrain characteristics, and consequent signal loss along the path, and the transmit power and transmit antenna gain.
Now, without IRS involved, you can compute the signal to noise ratio at the receiver, and determine if communications are possible, using a given type of modulation. There will be different marginal SNR requirements, depending on type of modulation you want to use. Shannon's equation can be used, to predict the maximum possible channel capacity, along a single propagation path, with a given channel bandwidth and SNR.
I'd say that using IRS, at either or both ends, is much the same as changing transmit and/or receive antenna gain.
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IRS can create higher beamforming gain with the help of an “intelligent” reflector. But, this brings other practical issues.
How does BS/AP synchronize with the reflector about the amplitude and phase?
where IRS is the intelligent reflective surfaces, BS is the base station and AP is the access point.
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The basic algorithms for phase configuration and channel estimation are described in our tutorial article: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.00742.pdf
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which means another IRS receives the signal from the first one and sends the signal toward another one and so on.
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Welcome!
As far as I understand the IRS is one hop network component. If the path from the source to destination has low transmission coefficient such as deep fading of massive blocking then one can use one ore two IRSs to convey the signal to the intended receiver or destinations.
Incase of more that one IRS all of them receive their incident waves from the intial source such as the base station. I think multi hops may cause excessive delay.
Best wishes.
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where IRS is intelligent reflective surfaces.
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An IRS is a new type of relay, with specific characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks. This is discussed in our recent magazine article: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.03377.pdf
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The researcher, scientist, or engineer who uses mathematical optimization, or more generally, computational mathematics. This includes, naturally, those working directly in optimization and operations research, and also many others who use optimization, in fields like computer science, economics, finance, statistics, data mining, and many fields of science and engineering. The primary focus is on the latter group, the potential users of convex optimization, and not the (less numerous) experts in the field of convex optimization.
An intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) comprises an array of IRS units, each of which can independently incur some change to the incident signal. The change, in general, may be about the phase, amplitude, frequency, or even polarization.
To date, in most studies, the change is considered as a phase shift only to the incident signal, so that an IRS consumes no transmit power. In essence, an IRS intelligently configures the wireless environment to help the transmissions between the sender and receiver, when direct communications have bad qualities. Example places to put IRSs are walls, building facades, and ceilings,
Therefore, the optimization algorithm solves the achievable problems by optimizing the phase shifts by considering both continuous phase shifts (CPSs) and discrete phase shifts (DPSs).
How can benefit from Convex Optimization when using intelligent reflective surfaces in wireless communications?
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Dear Abbas,
I will recommend the article https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.01421.pdf
I hope it will be worth reading about your problem.
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In essence, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) intelligently configures the wireless environment to help the transmissions between the sender and receiver, when direct communications have bad qualities. Example places to put IRSs are walls, building facades, and ceilings. But, is it possible to benefit from the use of the Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) for satellite communications?
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Yes, you can use the technology at any frequency band and for many different use cases. The main question is what kind of problem the addition of an IRS will solve. One possibility is to deal with Doppler effects: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.06991.pdf
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The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided wireless communication system, where the IRS has emerged as the revolutionizing solution to enhance wireless communications by intelligently changing the propagation environment.
One of the aims of the wireless communication system with IRS is to minimize the transmit power while guaranteeing the qualities of both primary and secondary transmissions. As in communication between a multiple antenna Base Station (BS) and a single antenna user, assisted by an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS); and Due to the large number of elements in IRS, acquiring Channel State Information (CSI) requires many radio-frequency chains and considerable training overhead.
Therefore, what is a new method based on the Optimization to optimize the problem of beamforming at the BS and IRS without CSI, by minimizing the transmit power, subject to a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)?
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There is a set of problems found in smart reflective surfaces, including:
1. the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem is formulated, which is a non-convex problem with multiple coupled variables.
2. The nonconvexity problem of maximizing the weighted sum rate (WSR) of all users when the BSs and the users are equipped with multiple antennas, which enhances the spectral efficiency by exploiting the spatial multiplexing gain.
3. The optimization problem of maximizing the weighted sum rate (WSR) of information receivers (IRs), the transmit precoding (TPC) matrices of the base station (BS) and the passive phase shift matrix of the IRS jointly.
4. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) grows linearly with the number of array elements N when using Massive MIMO receivers and half-duplex relays.
5. properly altering the signal propagation via tuning a large number of passive reflecting units.
6. the secrecy rate of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted Guassian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel
7. maximize the spectral efficiency of an IRS-assisted point-to-point multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system
8. enhancing its secrecy rate for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted Guassian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel (WTC).
What parameters can be used when improving the performance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) by optimization algorithms?
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welcome!
It is so that the the signal path from the base station shows multipath effects such as fading to the user site.
The addition of the IRS will introduce an alternative path where the signal will be recieved by the IRS phase shifted and amplitude changed and directed to the the site of the user equipment. So the signal path through the IRS must has better transmission properties which means higher signal to noise plus interference at the user site.
So, Accordingly one has to maximize the signal to noise plus interference ratio.
Best wishes
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One of the most important modern systems used in wireless communications is the intelligence reflective surfaces. Are there filters used with these surfaces?
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Adding to the respected colleagues, the IRS are made of a two dimensional array of sub wavelength patches provided by pin or varactor diodes such that one can phase shift and control the amplitude of the reflected wave from each patch.
One can control the phase shift by changing the diode bias. The diode is sufficient to change the phase shift from 0 to pi.
Where you want to insert the filter and why?
For more information please refer to the presentation in the link:https://www.ltu.se/cms_fs/1.203003!/file/Emad%20Ibrahim.pdf
Best wishes
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Can new optimization algorithms be designed to work infinitely to get the best results, they search the entire search area in a spherical manner and are concerned with all static and dynamic particles and possess all physical and topological properties to achieve the best possible solution?
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I am a social media researcher so that I have to collect various communication data from different social media platforms. The research data I am talking about include comments, reactions, views, and so on. In Bangladesh, the two leading social media platforms are Facebook and YouTube. As I am not much efficient in any programming language yet, so I must rely on other data collection/scraping tools (mostly free) to collect data easily from these two sites.
For Facebook and YouTube, for instance, I use CrowdTangle (www.crowdtangle.com), Mozdeh (www.mozdeh.wlv.ac.uk), Webometric Analysts (www.lexiurl.wlv.ac.uk), Comment Exporter (commentexporter.com), Export Comments (www.exportcomments.com), Social Blade (www.socialblade.com), etc. Previously, I also used Netvizz and Facepager, but they are unavailable right now.
What could be more suitable alternatives? Also, TikTok as a popular social media is thriving in South Asia, mostly among teenagers. Therefore, can anyone suggest to me how to collect/scrape TikTok data (e.g., channel metrics, video views, reactions, comments)?
Thanks in advance.
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Social media research can help your business in a number of ways: from understanding and improve the perception of your brand online; understanding the market for new products; comparing your presence to a competitor, or attracting new audiences through understanding the trends and discussions within your category.
Twitter
Twitter Analytics is incredibly helpful for research on the impact your own or brand’s Twitter channels, where you can see the best and worst posts from any month, and download data on likes, replies, retweets and so on, as well as understanding the reach and impact of your ads on Twitter. Twitter also allows you to search on a detailed level for keywords over specific time periods and in specific locations which allows you to get a feel for the sentiment around a topic.
Facebook
Facebook Analytics also offers detailed downloadable statistics on your owned Pages on its analytics tab. You can see details of reach and engagements on posts and videos on Facebook Pages, as well as demographics about the people who like your page. You can also research how people engage with public Facebook Pages, but it is difficult to aggregate this because of Facebook’s privacy restrictions.
Instagram
Currently, you can gain access to some tools provided by Facebook for Instagram analytics through Instagram Business Tools. The analytics offer a variety of insights on both posts on your Instagram timeline, and Instagram Stories, from viewership, reach and engagement to the days of the week your audience is most engaged and breakdown of locations by city, and age groups. It is possible to research the usage of hashtags which can be important but it is difficult to get more granular data on the images themselves without the use of a specialist tool like Pulsar, which offers vertical AI image analysis.
YouTube
YouTube has a variety of metrics to study in the analytics area for creators including watch times for your videos, traffic sources to see where the viewers are finding your videos from, and Demographics reports. Other social media research available on YouTube includes looking at the YouTube Trending page and studying the view counts and comments on videos, but again this is hard to aggregate without a specialist tool. You can learn more on YouTube analytics by checking out YouTube Creators Academy.
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And if so, which types of media are central to this issue?
Please reply.
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Whether new Internet media, including social networks, constitute an important factor in shaping the general public opinion depends mainly on the information policy of these new media and on the specific interests of Internet users using these portals and the possibility of active participation of users of these portals in the creation of posts, comments, banners, information contained in created posts, etc.
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Functionality and applications of smartphones?
Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Functionality and applications of smartphones.
Please reply.
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
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Privacy... Smartphones are becoming some of our most trusted computing devices. People use them to store highly sensitive information including email, passwords, financial accounts, and medical records... Huang, Y., Chapman, P., & Evans, D. (2011, August). Privacy-Preserving Applications on Smartphones. In HotSec.
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Individuals have become more afraid than people with this disease because so much misinformation is spread around us , so much that we cannot determine the validity of the information provided through social media and it is believed by many that the official media has a blackout so what is the possible solution to follow to obtain the accurate information In your view, as researchers?
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Prof. Mahmoud Alghizzawi: I totally agree with you. So, we must be careful about Social media news especially that half if not most of the Social media news are fabricated. For this reason, I have an RG discussion thread that says:
Social media are markets for selling news; at least half of them are fake!
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Educar para el consumo crítico de los medios de comunicación es un manuscrito de Javier Ballesta Pagán, en el mismo, infiere que el papel de las instituciones educativas sería ayudar a formar ciudadanos más cultos, responsables y críticos ya que el conocimiento (en este caso sobre el potencial y los mecanismos de seducción y concienciación de los mass-media y las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación) es una condición necesaria para el ejercicio consciente de la libertad individual y para el desarrollo pleno de la democracia. En este sentido, nos preguntamos: ¿es la escuela la única responsable de educar para el consumo crítico de los medios de comunicación?
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La tarea de educar no queda ligada únicamente a los colegios, ya que los padres, en este sentido, desarrollan un papel muy importante en la educación de sus hijos. Debe existir un esfuerzo compartido entre ambas partes para que ocurra el éxito en la conformación de un pensamiento crítico y responsable de los medios de comunicación.
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Do you think artificial intelligence will be implemented in social media portals?
What are the effects of artificial intelligence implemented on social media portals?
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
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Dear Debrayan Bravo Hidalgo, Thank you for participating in the discussion. A very inspiring and interesting answer. Thank you very much for participating in this discussion and for a substantive, constructive reply. Yes, the importance of artificial intelligence and its application in the development of social media technology has been steadily growing in recent years. Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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For my thesis, I am explicitly looking for studies that deal with the motivation for brand related ugc. I can also use general literature for creating ugc if they are up-to-date. It would help me a lot. Thank you
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Hi Alex,
In case you are still working on the topic, I suggest that you also turn your attention to the sphere of UGB: user-generated branding. Also, it could be helpful to look at the literature on co-creation and on brand co-creation. That might open up new avenues for you.
Best wishes,
Samuel
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i am currently working on VANETs and want to use anylogic in the simulation of the networks
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all thanks so much sir@Ante Prodan. I was looking at possibility of using it, later found that its not feasible. I resorted to NS-3 which I am still facing some difficulties with its requisite installations both in Ubuntu and windows 10
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We use digital communication tools in almost every situation. Email is now considered antiquated, but remains the standard communication tool. Erving Goffman has shaped our (sociological) understanding of interaction. Above all, he has shown what an important function everyday rituals have for cooperation and for our identity. My question is to what extent the routine use of digital communication media changes our modes of interaction themselves.
Or maybe it doesn't.
I would like to discuss ideas, results and views here.
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Thank you very much for the exciting suggestions and comments.
It's a little difficult to summarize the different voices, but I'll try.
For one thing, we have a theoretical problem. One that relates less to the question of 'digitalisation' than to the forms of linguistic, symbol-based interaction (where the time dimension remains an open question) that depends on imagination without the physical balancing dimension.
If this is a re-entry of communication into communication - probably. However, this does not say anything about whether "digital interaction" has a quality of its own compared to the physically co-existent 'analogue'.
Does not the machine, the digital processing, require its own translation processes in order to be able to interact in the digital medium?
On the other hand, we have an empirical problem of social relationships and their interdependencies. Where, in my view, the question clearly arises as to whether the common or even remote variations of digital communication platforms and their surfaces take up and process human or social needs. At the crossroads of both sets of questions lies Avi's topic, which is on the trail of the resonance possibilities of digital communication or the lack thereof.
Hopefully, these rough thoughts help to keep the discussion going. I guess, there is still a long way to go.
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Is the progressive increase in the digitization of education process instruments a feature of the current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0?
Measuring the impact of digital technology, including new online media on the process of learning and the effects of the education process can be based on a comparison of assessments at a specific time, a specific educational process supported by the use of new online media, social media portals and other technologies typical of the digital age. These technologies currently include mainly new technological solutions, streamlining improvements, innovations etc. regarding, among others, advanced data processing, including data obtained from the Internet, data processing in the cloud, Big Data database systems, using artificial intelligence, etc. These new technologies of advanced information processing co-create the current fourth technological revolution called Industry 4.0.
In view of the above, the current question is: Is the progressive increase in the digitization of education process instruments a feature of the current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,
In the context of the above discussion, the following question arises:
Do smartphones change the social behavior of children and young people?
On the basis of the above considerations and conclusions from the discussion on interesting issues discussed, I formulated the following thesis that the impact of everyday use of smartphones by young people can significantly modify and shape the social behavior of young people. However, what will be the effects of this impact and changes in social behavior, methods of communication between people, i.e. whether they will be socially and psychophysically positive or rather negative effects, it depends on many factors, which include, among others, the following determinants:
- In what applications are they used as lubricants by young people?
- How much time on a daily scale do children and young people spend using smartphones for various purposes?
- Do children and young people use smartphones mainly for educational purposes, as a tool for finding information related to knowledge learned at school, or is the smartphone a source of entertainment?
- Do children and young people use smartphones, among others, to contact their peers through social media portals such as Instagram, Facebook, Messenger, Snapchat, Pinterest and others?
- Are children and young people already a significant market for the sale of products from various companies advertised on social networks?
- Can excessive use of smartphones by children and young people negatively affect their psychophysical development?
The above discussion inspired me to formulate the following question:
Can the impact of everyday use of smartphones by young people significantly modify and shape the social behavior of young people?
Below I have described the key determinants confirming the formulated research thesis. To the above discussion I would like to add the following conclusion formulated as a summary of my previous considerations on this topic: The positive or negative impact of smartphones on the social behavior and psychophysical health of children and young people can be large.
In recent years, young people use desktop computers less often and more often with laptops and mobile devices or mainly use mobile devices, primarily smartphones. Are these changes in the use of devices with Internet access, and the increasing use of smartphones, conducive to the use of Internet communication, including social media portals and the use of Internet information resources, make young people significantly use the Internet as a useful knowledge resource to the education process? Research shows that smartphones are equipped with new applications offering new types of information services, etc. Therefore, smartphones are less and less used for telephoning because the number of other functions and applications in the field of new Internet information services is increasing.
ICT information technologies, internet technologies and advanced processing technologies for large data sets collected in Big Data database systems, processed with the use of Business Intelligence analytical platforms, with access to the analytical system through smartphones and other devices. The Internet of Things is increasingly used in modern education. Therefore, the possibility of using smartphones as a tool supporting education is also an important issue. ICT information technologies and new media internet technologies, Industry 4.0 advanced data processing technologies, which are increasingly being implemented into educational processes and may also negatively impact pedagogical processes in schools. I also believe that the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into educational processes can have a negative impact on the classical theory of children's mental development. Because in young children and adolescents, the process of adopting new concepts (thought process) in pre-school institutes extends from the perception of the senses (sight, hearing, touch), speech and direct manipulation of real objects (teaching resources), to create abstract concepts is the use of new information technologies ICT, Internet technologies and Industry 4.0 should be done under the full control of educators. Because in young children, the child must first "see the object in his head", he first had to "see it and touch with his hand" to learn, so devoting a significant amount of time to viewing various graphic and film spots, advertising on social media websites by children can cause negative effects in the psyche and in the child's psychosomatic development.
To answer the above questions, it is necessary to verify first of all the following question: Do children and young people use smartphones mainly for educational purposes as a tool for searching information related to knowledge learned at school, or rather a smartphone is a source of entertainment? Children and young people are increasingly using smartphones to, among others, contact their peers through social media portals such as Instagram, Facebook, Messenger, Snapchat, Pinterest and others. Many companies in the clothing, cosmetics, toy, perfumeries, etc. have already noticed that children and young people already constitute a significant market for the sale of products of various companies advertised on social networks. However, many studies show that excessive use of smartphones by children and young people can negatively affect their psychophysical development. Many potential negative aspects of the use of smartphones by children and young people have already been defined.
For example, too much time allocated to the use of smartphones by children and young people for entertainment purposes, e.g. to conduct discussions with peers through social media portals and to play computer games reduces the time spent on physical activity and can be an important factor increasing obesity and deterioration of physical and mental health. In addition, children recently watch a lot of movies and cartoons on social networks, including smartphones. If children spend a lot of time on watching movies and cartoons on social networks, including smartphones, this can have a negative impact on the child's psycho-physical development, including causing deterioration of vision if they spend a lot of time watching movies, posts, comments, advertising banners on social networks viewed on your smartphone.
In recent years, there have been more and more situations of addiction of children and young people to the use of smartphones. The problem of youth addiction to smartphones is growing in many countries. A very negative effect is the rapidly growing number of road accidents caused by the fact that while driving a car, motorbike, bicycle drivers use smartphones and more and more pedestrians fall under the cars entering the road while browsing messages on smartphones. Therefore, in some countries more restrictive legal regulations are introduced, including, first of all, a ban on entering the road while looking at the smartphone. In addition, special lighting systems are installed in the pavements to inform about changing lights at pedestrian crossings on the roadways. In this respect, the educational role of parents and teachers in schools is also crucial in considering the impact of long-term use of smartphones by children on children's development.
Therefore, if children or young people use smartphones to learn, as a tool supporting the processes of education, communication with peers from school and friends, and if they use new internet media devices from time to time, this may not be assessed positively. However, if it divides or teenagers use smartphones many hours a day, among others, browsing advertisements on social media portals and worthless memes and films, then it can have a destructive impact on the intellectual and psychological development of children and youth. In this situation, the use of smartphones by children and youth should be limited and controlled by parents, guardians and teachers.
Therefore, the use of smartphones by children and young people should be subject to parental control. The need for this control results from the growing number of different information services available on smartphones, the growing number of children and adolescents dependent on the use of smartphones, the increase in the number of cases of neglecting school duties, the increase in the percentage of children diagnosed with vision defects caused by too long browsing of content posted on the Internet and read on a smartphone etc.
Therefore, information and communication technologies cannot replace every form and method of learning in the educational process of young children and young people. Of course, full implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technology Industry 4.0 into teaching processes in schools cannot be ruled out. This process is already underway. However, it is necessary to bring this process under full control of educators, teachers and parents of children. Already, there is a lot of disturbing information from the media and from ongoing research on the effects of using new media internet technologies, including social media portals by children and young people. Children and teenagers mainly browse social media on smartphones. Many children spend too much time browsing social media portals on smartphones. The result is a reduction in the time spent on physical and sport activities, on learning, book readership decreases and the scale of diagnosed vision defects in adolescents in recent years. In this way, many problems arise that can affect the reduction of educational opportunities for children and adolescents. these problems should be solved systemically at all levels of the education system, i.e. from ministries of education to individual schools.
In addition, students and parents should be made aware of emerging threats through social campaigns in various media. Research shows that the process of implementing ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced data processing technologies, Industry 4.0 for teaching processes in schools has already begun. Of course, the use of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0 technologies in education processes does not only generate negative aspects. Therefore, the central institutions of the education system should coordinate the development of these processes in such a way as to maximize the positive aspects of the implementation of ICT information technologies, new media internet technologies, including social media portals and advanced industry 4.0 data processing technology for teaching processes in schools. However, one should not forget about these negative aspects, about already diagnosed developing problems, which should be solved and educating teachers, students and parents about potential threats.
Activation for critical thinking of students is a particularly important determinant of effective education. Modern education instruments are important in this matter, thanks to which analytical techniques, brainstorming, debates, discussions, etc. used in the education process of pupils and students are developed. These techniques should also develop creativity, innovation and teamwork. In my opinion, activation of critical thinking of students and pupils, development of discussion skills in debates, development of creativity, innovation and teamwork of pupils and students correlates perfectly with the development of the concept of modern education 4.0. Currently, in the era of the technological revolution referred to as industry 4.0, new teaching concepts are emerging known as education 4.0.
On the other hand, dynamic development of social media portals on the Internet is currently underway. For young people using smartphones, social media portals are one of the main sources of information.
Probably the next stage in the development of social media portals will be the implementation of artificial intelligence into these portals and into search engines and creating applications such as interactive advisers on individual information websites. Social media portals are at some stages of education, in some education systems they are used to educate students on specific issues and according to the age of the students. But do they really help in the education process or are they just another teaching aid without a significant impact on the learning outcomes? Pupils and students use social media portals to exchange information useful for education. In addition, on Facebook, pupils and students create group profiles where they post joint didactic materials. In addition, they create survey forms for the needs of surveys, the results of which are used for written theses and final essays.
In connection with the above, another key question arises:
Should new online media be used in education processes? In my opinion, yes, new online media should be used in education processes. The issue of communication with the use of new online media is very important in the context of an effectively conducted education process. We currently communicate widely through various online media, including email. Some email inboxes that we use have anti-spam restrictions, which makes communication difficult. The development of communication through various internet media, also through social media portals, is an important issue in education. New media should be used effectively in the education process, but their technical specifications are not always fully suitable for the needs of communication development in the context of the implemented education process. However, whenever possible, new online media should be used in education, because young people use them widely and can be an excellent additional tool in the field of teaching instruments, e.g. for the effective search of necessary, current information.
In solutions regarding the use of smartphones as instruments used in didactics, the following should also be taken into account: During some lessons it may be for a certain period of time, in certain situations of didactic games or presentation of specific processes and lesson topics, the teacher may allow the use of devices such as virtual reality spheres and augmented reality. In addition, the teacher may also include other mobile devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. in the education process. In specific situations, these devices would play the role of teaching instruments to support the teaching processes conducted by the teacher. However, if the use of laptops, tablets, smartphones, smartwatches, etc. during school lessons is not a teaching instrument, it is not part of the educational process, it should be prohibited during the lesson to use these devices. Using laptops, tablets, smartphones, smartwatches and other mobile devices enabling browsing the Internet resources during the lesson may interfere with students' active participation in the lesson and the teacher may be distracted in conducting the lesson. On the other hand, during some lessons it may be for a certain period of time, in certain situations of searching for information on the Internet, the teacher may allow the use of these devices if laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. would act as didactic instruments enabling finding the necessary information.
On the other hand, thanks to information technologies, new online media and Industry 4.0 technologies, the logistics of information and communication between institutions and enterprises is being improved. The improvement of communication between individuals, institutions and enterprises is achieved through the use of new online information and communication media in combination with the Internet of Things technology. The current development of mobile devices, mainly smartphones and their applications for international communication and information transfer makes it possible to improve information logistics. Therefore, the use of online new media technologies and advanced information processing technologies, i.e. industry 4.0 typical for the current technological revolution, can significantly increase the efficiency of communication processes between cooperating members of national and international working teams in institutions and enterprises.
In connection with the above, there are also many positive applications of smartphones, including those used to support the development of science. Smartphones facilitate communication between scientists and facilitate the search for scientific information that can be useful for conducting scientific research. Smarfons are increasingly replacing laptops and other computers. In a situation where scientists, teachers, students and students would smartly search and read publications published e.g. on the Research Gate website, this is a perfect, positive example of using a smartphone as a tool supporting the processes of education and science development.
It is worth adding the following issue to these considerations. At present, smartphones dominate in the use of communication and the use of various information services. In addition, some Internet users also use tablets and smatwatches. Google glasses with Internet access a few years ago were to be an innovative hit that would revolutionize the mobile Internet, but they did not get adopted on a larger scale. Perhaps no significant demand has arisen for this type of device yet. Perhaps this will change in the future. Perhaps the era of this type of mobile devices will appear in the future when the next generations of compatible devices will appear and 5G Internet will become more widespread.
According to the above, in my opinion the impact of everyday use of smartphones by young people can significantly modify and shape the social behavior of young people. However, what will be the effects of this impact and changes in social behavior, ways of communication between people, i.e. whether they will be socially and psychophysically positive or rather negative effects, it depends on many factors that I described above.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
I am currently conducting research in the field of education, specifically the use of technical devices, teaching facilities and the use by students of available IT devices, mobile devices and smartphones as an aid in the education process. Does any of you conduct research on similar issues or on other topics? If in similar, similar topics, I invite you to cooperation.
In view of the above, in order to more fully identify the above issues, it is necessary to conduct research that will facilitate the formulation of answers to the following questions:
- What types of information services are currently used for smartphones?
- Is browsing social media on smartphones starting to dominate over other applications and internet information services?
- What kind of information services available for smartphones will develop in the future?
- Does using smartphones change sociological behavioral issues?
- Does the use of smartphones change the standards of human behavior?
- Does using smartphones change the standards of communication between people?
- Do children and young people use smartphones mainly for educational purposes, as a tool for finding information related to knowledge learned at school, or is the smartphone a source of entertainment?
- Do children and young people use smartphones, among others, to contact their peers through social media portals such as Instagram, Facebook, Messenger, Snapchat, Pinterest and others?
- Are children and young people already a significant market for the sale of products from various companies advertised on social networks?
- Can excessive use of smartphones by children and young people negatively affect their psychophysical development?
- What social problems are derived from the addiction of children and young people to the use of smartphones?
- Should laptops, tablets, smartphones, smartwatches etc. be used during school lessons?
- Is too much time allocated for the use of smartphones by children and young people for entertainment purposes, e.g. to conduct discussions with peers through social media portals and to play computer games reduces the time spent on physical activity and can be an important factor increasing obesity and deterioration of physical and mental health?
- Should children and teenagers be limited and the use of smartphones limited? Should you fully control the use of smartphones by children and young people?
- What do you think are the potential other effects of using smartphones on children and young people?
- What Internet of Things devices will in the future take over most of the functions of current smartphones? Will it be e.g. smart glasses like Google smart glasses?
- In what direction will the evolution of mobile devices take place in the Internet of things in the future?
- What do you think about this topic?
- What is your opinion on this topic?
Please reply
I invite you to discussion
thank you very much
Best wishes
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Do you think that the new media coverage increases the objectivity of the media and information provided to the public?
However, in recent years, on the basis of the development of behavioral economics, there are more and more data and results of research carried out, that unfortunately there are many examples suggesting the irrationality of some economic decisions.
Often, consumers make unnecessary purchases based on an efficiently carried out advertising campaign for products or services.
Perhaps consumers are more and more often susceptible to the impact of effective advertising campaigns, in addition to traditional media, also in new online media, including on social media portals, where viral marketing is widely used.
Often in advertising campaigns, specific products and services are presented as unique, innovative or having such features as opposed to the substitutional offer of competition.
The message that is not always formulated in the advertising campaign is truthful, but some consumers may receive such a message as objective and this translates into an increase in the sale of a specific, effectively advertised assortment.
Do you agree with my opinion?
Please reply
The problems of the analysis of information contained on social media portals for marketing purposes are described in the publication:
I invite you to discussion and cooperation.
Best wishes
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Abdelmohsen Hamed Okela I agree with you, but on the accounts of independent journalists on social media you can find objectivity, You can read more about the objectivity of independent journalists and freelance journalism objectivity.
regards
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What is SELFIE? Storing moment, Communication media, Establish individuality & self-importance, Craze, Obsession. What are its +ve & -ve Impacts?
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It is clear that the rise in selfie popularity is linked to the boom in social media and mobile technology. Most smartphones have front-facing cameras that make the selfie shooting process easy and enjoyable. A man taking selfie shots carries a message both to himself and to others about the fact that he lives a rich, good social life; rarely when selfies are made at times of trouble. In other words, it is a public relations affair on social networks. In my opinion, the popularity of this type of photo will soon pass. It's just a trend.
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At the Kazan Federal University (Russian Federation), I help organize the VII conference of the Sadykov reading."Society 5.0: The Paradoxes of the Digital Future". But I do not know how to find new contacts who may be interested to participate in.
Conference working languages: Russian, English, Chinese.
Workshops topics:
- Digital Paradise or "hello" from Big Brother?
- Homo Digitalis: Hopes, Risks, Prospects.
- Transformation of Knowledge and Education in a Digital Society
- Ontology of Virtual and Augmented Reality.
- Digital Humanity as a New Interdisciplinary Paradigm.
- Is Society 5.0. a step Towards Transhumanism?
- The fourth industrial revolution and digital capitalism.
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You might want to reach out to those at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan too.
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My readings for the past one year has revealed that war journalism is a predominantly western based. But have the developing world indulged in studying their journalists' who cover wars
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Mostly, media houses (in special news channels)are criticised for being biased towards a particular political party. However, it is the basic mandate for news channels to be unbiased and independent. In this context, in your opinion are media houses unbiased and secular?
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It is hard to conceive a media outlet that is completely unbiased or completely biased. The problem is that frequent exposures to biased media depictions tend to cause the viewers to accept such depictions as being proper reflections of reality .
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How can the media image of the current and prospective situation of companies of issuers of securities, whose shares and bonds are valued on capital markets, be improved?
How should the reporting of issuers of securities companies be improved so that shareholders and investors operating on the markets and stock exchanges will receive more complete and necessary information about the economic and financial situation of individual capital companies?
How should the financial supervision institutions over stock exchange markets motivate capital companies to improve the issues of information practices and reporting, so that shareholders and investors receive current and complete information on the economic and financial situation of individual capital companies?
At present, the trend of increasing the scope of the publicly announced scope of information on the economic and financial situation of individual companies is predominant, so that shareholders and investors, in addition to standard information in the field of reporting, that is, publicized in the media according to certain standards of financial information given in a given financial statement format, also receive information describing the possibilities and prospects for the development of a specific enterprise, a capital company whose securities are valued on the stock exchange. As a result, shareholders and investors should be better informed about the economic and financial situation of individual companies and entire capital markets. The improvement of information standards prevailing in the media in the economic and financial situation of individual capital companies should also increase the correlation of the situation on capital markets with the economic situation in the entire economy. In this way, the probability of further global financial crises will be significantly reduced.
Therefore, I am asking you with the following query:
How can you improve the media image of the current situation of companies operating on capital markets?
Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG
I described the problem of "Anti-crisis state intervention and created in media images of global financial crisis" in the publication:
Please reply
Best wishes
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Hello Everyone
In continuation to @imitiaz suggestion of hiring professional.
A company can came with opt for
1. Print media campaign in financial news paper / pint paper
2. TV advt on popular financial channel like CNBC / Bloomberg etc for example
And many more
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What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Social Media portals?
Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Social Media portals.
Please reply.
I invite you to the discussion
Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG
The problems of the analysis of information contained on social media portals for marketing purposes are described in the publication:
I invite you to discussion and cooperation.
Best wishes
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In view of the above, if the issue of reliability and objectivity of information provided further and reproduced in posts was to be improved on social media portals, it should first of all increase the awareness of Internet users in the above matter.
If users of social media portals begin to thoroughly check the credibility of data sources provided further in the posts of information, then the scale of information noise, fake news, lying propaganda, cynically manipulated public opinion will be significantly reduced.
Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
The question of objectivity and reliability of information contained on popular social media portals?
Please reply
I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation
Best wishes
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I am conducting a study on the "ventiloquist effect" of Spanish print and digital media with respect to international news agencies in the Middle East. The central hypothesis is that the Spanish media reproduce and paraphrase the framing of international news agencies (Reuters, AP, AFP, Al Jazeera), without taking into account the verification of the facts or other sources.
Is there a method I can be recommended to analyze this? I have tried through anti-plagiarism softwares, but I do not agree on more than 120 news items chosen in the period January-February 2019.
Thank you very much in advance for your collaboration.
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Buenos días, Luis m.
Yo también recomiendo a Igartua y Humanes .También puedes consultar las siguientes investigaciones, que le servirán de referencia:
McCombs, M. y Shaw, D. (1972). “The Agenda-Setting function of the mass media”. Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 36, n. 2, Reino Unido: Oxford Journals.
Scheufele, D.A (2004). “Framing-effects approach: A theoretical and methodological critique”. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, pp. 401-428.
Muñiz Muriel, C.; Igartua Perosanz, J. J.; Otero Parra, J. A.; Sánchez Hernández, C. (2008). “El tratamiento informativo de la inmigración en los medios españoles. Un estudio comparativo de la prensa y televisión”. Perspectivas de la Comunicación, vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 97-112. Chile: Universidad de La Frontera.
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Media education is very important in my country.
It mainly concerns such fields of study as media studies, journalism, new media on the Internet, security of information transfer on the Internet, internet marketing, new media including social media portals, information processing in Big Data database systems, etc.
In my country, the development of services based on teleinformatics and new media is considered an important factor in the development of a modern knowledge-based economy. In addition, the development of services based on teleinformatics and new media is also considered one of the main determinants of the current fourth technological revolution referred to as Industry 4.0.
In view of the above, the current question is: The importance of new online media and education on these media in the modern economy?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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In my opinnion we are beginning of the effect of online media yet. In a close future, will occour many and discuss and many dimension of online media
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It is important that there is a social media control so that the media objectively present information about the world around us.
That in the media it was a reference to the truth, to facts verified by scientific research.
This issue also applies to new online media.
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
Best wishes
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Daniel Goldman I am a big fan of people (as you say) having tools to evaluate quality of information. Also the tools need to be intuitivly easy to accept and use. This is the great thing about the quality assessement tools of Plato and the Bishop Gunnar. They are down to the fundamentals. Platon reflects over this because he is worried about the education of the young people. Bad truth can destroy the relatioks between people. We don’t need thought police but people whoncan think for them selves. This requires thinking tools.
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What is the role of particular social groups in disseminating the concept of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of a new, green economy?
The role of engineers is particularly important for enabling sustainable development, including sustainable pro-ecological development, based on the concept of a new, green economy. Engineers create new technological solutions, new energy technologies, ecological innovations, innovative ecological buildings, develop renewable energy sources in industry and other applications, create automation technologies for waste segregation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop electromobility, carry out investment projects to reclaim a devastated natural environment, etc. Apart from engineers, the key actors are the state as an economic entity and financial institutions, ie the main actors of external financing of environment-friendly investment projects, thanks to which sustainable sustainable development based on the concept of green economy is enabled and implemented. The role of politicians who set the direction of the necessary systemic changes is also important. Also important is the role of citizens who within the civil and information society are increasingly aware of the threats to the growing risk of climatic cataclysms that are a derivative of the progressive global warming. The role of mass media and new online media is important, including social media portals, thanks to which the level of social awareness for this type of important problems, particularly important in the 21st century, important for humanity, for the whole planet Earth is growing.
In view of the above, the current question is: What is the role of particular social groups in the dissemination of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of a new, green economy?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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The importance of education in the field of sustainable pro-ecological development?
In order to effectively develop education in education in the field of sustainable pro-ecological development, the basics of economics should first be included in the curriculum.
Education in the basics of economics should be universal, introduced to different levels of schools and fields of study because it is knowledge fulfilling the role of introducing to even more important issues, especially important for the future development of civilization in the 21st century. The issues of sources and consequences of the progressive global warming as well as the necessary changes, reforms that should be introduced into everyday existence, the production of economic goods, etc. to develop a sustainable ecological environment are among those particularly important issues that should also be included in general education. development based on the concept of green economy. If these pro-ecological reforms were implemented mainly in the period of the next decade to 2030, then there will be the possibility of slowing down the adverse process of global warming. If these pro-ecological reforms on the scale of the global economy are not realized then at the end of the twenty-first century planet Earth will be visited by powerful climatic cataclysms, which may threaten the life of all humanity and most other forms of life on Earth.
In view of the above, the current question is: The importance of education in the field of sustainable pro-ecological development?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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Traditional media in many countries is controlled by large media corporations and partly also by governments of individual countries.
In contrast, on the Internet, in addition to typical news portals, new media are developing, including social media portals and independent internet forums, where citizens unconnected with corporations and large media companies have the opportunity to publicly express themselves and make their views public.
In this way, the Internet enables the potential increase of the level of objectivity and independence of the media.
Thanks to this, the issue of information dissemination and exchange of views, debates with citizens can be of a more social, civic and objective nature.
In view of the above, I am asking you to answer the following question: Does the development of the Internet in your country increase the level of objectivity and independence of the media?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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In case of the Philippines, there exist a state-sponsored perpetration of disinformation. The government use social media influencers to sway the opinion of the uninformed Internet users. Worse, they create troll accounts to frame support to the administration.
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I'm looking at news values and gate-keeping communication theories
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I agree with Roland Schatz that you need to be clear what you are investigating and that you do not distort the answer by failing to include papers known to have views about 'student protest'. A further point that is less obvious: always remember you are analysing (creating a picture of the coverage) and not arguing with those providing the coverage. So you record, categorise, summarise, etc even if what you are reading is distasteful, ludicrous, or simply out of this world. Do not allow yourself the luxury of contending with it.
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Unfortunately, despite the assurances of companies that run social media portals, the information contained on these websites is not always fully secured against the activities of cybercriminals.
In addition, the issue of downloading data from social media portals by large companies to Big Data database systems should be added in order to process them for marketing purposes.
The issue of privacy in social media is very important and is related to the security of personal information. Privacy is at risk in terms of information posted on social media portals.
Please reply. I invite you to the discussion
Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG
The problems of the analysis of information contained on social media portals for marketing purposes are described in the publication:
I invite you to discussion and cooperation.
Best wishes
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Thank you, Dariusz, for posting a most relevant question. My area of research is users' behaviors in information security.
You are indeed right that privacy is connected to information security, and online social networks (OSNs) has a huge amount of personal information shared by person himself or one of his connections. There is also a debate on the differences of OSN, social media websites, social media portals and similar others. There are similarities in them but different researchers used these terms without any standardization.
Moving away from the debate of "user of correct term", I believe users have share already a lot on the OSNs and I am compelled to say that at individual level we have lost the battle of privacy against the giants such as Facebook and Google. They know and remember much more than we do. However, what is left behind is to preserve privacy of an individual from being violated by "Script kiddies" and a tech savvy guy(s). We need to raise awareness among the users based on this point.
The other point you have mentioned was about use of users' data for marketing purpose. Well, that was purpose of OSNs, otherwise, how will they gather revenue for their businesses. What we, as researchers, should look into how to improve and make their terms and conditions users' friendly so that users' may read them before accepting them. I must say only the most informed users will read the terms as their needs to use an OSN is much more higher than their perceived importance of privacy :)
I would love to discuss more, and even work if you have something in mind to initiate.
Cheers,
Ali
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Large amounts of information downloaded from comments, entries, posts from social media portals are processed in Big Data database systems to determine, for example, consumers' awareness of the offer of products and services of specific companies. This type of information is of great importance for the planning of advertising campaigns informing about the mission, idea, product offer, and the usability features of the company's offer. This type of data may be important for forecasting the changing preferences of consumers regarding the offer of specific companies.
In view of the above, I am asking you: To what extent the Big Data data sentiment analysis from social media portals can be used in forecasting the company's development?
Please reply. I invite you to the discussion
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I want to analyse the way how Belgium politics uses media during the political campaign. In particular, due the fact that voting in Belgium is mandatory, how politicians use the tv ads or internet advertising for convinceing people to vote them?
Do you know any books or articles dealing about that issue?
Thanks to all of you
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Dear Giada
With apologies for not being helpful in answering your specific question, and with the risk of being extremely picky, I just would like to point out that voting is not mandatory in Belgium, but turning out to vote is (i.e., people can cast a blank or invalid vote). I know it's a detail, but if you have special interest in it, it might be useful to distinguish it in your writing.
While in Dutch we have different terms distinguishing 'compulsory turnout' from 'compulsory voting', all English publications would just use the - actually incorrect - term of 'compulsory voting' to describe Belgium, but I just wouldn't write 'voting is mandatory' but rather 'turning out is mandatory'.
Apologies again for the pickiness, but sometimes it's in the details!
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I am not a speaker of Spanish, but I teach media and am wondering about the dialect or accent of Spanish used in Spanish language media across the United States.
Is it based on the version of Spanish spoken in the region where the media outlet exists? Is there an overall preferred accent (like Midwest English is the preferred American English accent)?
What form of Spanish should a "Spanish Media" academic program in the US teach?
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I would doubt there to be one "preferred" dialect or "accent" because the hispanic population in the U.S. is incredibly diverse. The image that I attached to my reply is from the webpage whose link is separated below and shows origin statistics from hispanics in the US.
With regard to these statistics, even percentages like 3% need to be taken seriously because of the sheer volume of Spanish speakers in the U.S. (52,000,000 as of 2014, meaning Mexico is the only other country in the world with more Spanish speakers; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Spanish_is_an_official_language).
There is likely to be a diversity of national origins and dialects within Spanish-speaking media outlets that is fairly representative of the nation at large. I say this, however, with one caveat. Some regions have many more people from certain origins. For example, most Cubans are in Florida, there is a high concentration of Puerto Ricans in New York, and there tend to be higher concentrations of Central Americans in large cities or near the gulf coast (https://collagegroup.com/2015/04/14/differences-spanish-dialects/). This could--and this is only conjecture--make it so that although Mexican-origin hispanics make up about 64% of all U.S. hispanics, there may be a percentage of Mexicans working in media outlets incongruent with this 64%. I say this because most media outlets are in larger cities, so I would semi-confidently venture such to be the case in places like New York and Florida, at the very least.
Why do I bring this up? I brought it up in order to highlight the diversity of origin/heritage in U.S. hispanics as well as other factors that could make Spanish-speaking media reporters even more diverse than a simple across the board look at the U.S. as a whole would seem to suggest.
With all of this in mind, however, and despite the origin/heritage of any given reporter, there most likely exists--and is currently evolving/being defined or led by big media players such as Univision as Mahmood pointed out--a sort of standard Spanish that reporters will gravitate to just like there is a very particular way for English-speaking reporters to talk.
All in all, I really doubt there is a "preferred accent or dialect" for Spanish language media beyond a striving for a the most neutral and universally intelligible dialect a reporter can muster.
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The nuclear branch can be tackled by a poor public acceptance. Do you know examples and case-studies for a public acceptance programs, awareness raising campaigns and unticrises communication with media for a nuclear industry and energy branch?
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I recommend the article published by Younghwan Kim, Wonjoon Kim, and Minki Kim in Energy Policy 66 (2014) 475–483, available in RG.
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Is there any research, report, etc. on how the EU is represented in the US media?
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I just know a publication in German about legitimacy discourses on international and supranational organisations (e. g. the EU). see: http://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/politikwissenschaft/prekaere_legitimitaeten-3757.html
Maybe, the authors published their findings also in English?!
Additionally and as far as I know, the visibility of EU topics is relatively low in US media and therefore, it is hard to deal with strongly different media representation, media systems, etc. 9(if you try to compare the representation of the EU in different countries, for instance)
However, in a more quantitative, longitudinal design, you could address a really interesting topic by studying the EU representation in the US media...
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Or in other words, in what way has it been reflected about the consequences of the role of electronic media in modern times to make receptors who don´t have direct access to the reality of things, recognize these realities?
My primary interest is to make a reflection of how electronic media produces information without taking into account location and territory, and how this affects the receptor in these locations or territories. Also, if information produced locally can be effective in contributing to the lives of the receptors, and to their agency too.
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This is a huge question.  However, it could be argued that electronic media remains unfamiliar territory for many and unknown for the majority of people on the earth.  Moreover, reality is not necessarily created by electronic media or at all. At best, it is simply another form of communication, perhaps unreflective of reality and potentially even unnecessary relative to the reality of people's lives.
The issues are worthy of wider debate.
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I am reviewing methodology and statistics about the media attending behavior.
For example,
How often do American people read newspaper/ watch television program/ listening to broadcast/ use social media like fb?
What kind of topic or content are American people interested in of different kinds of media?
I have no idea where i can get such information(i tried searching on google scholar but it doesn't work), thank you for your help!
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I think you should browse different PewResearchCenter publications like this one:
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We are thinking through some of the problems in distinguishing reputable news from phony ones. What might give you a clue that an online story you are reading is bogus, fake, or unreliable? We'd appreciate examples of what appears to be a reliable news source and what doesn't. Worldwide. Any language.
Thanks so much! VR
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Hello, thanks for posing this question. It has been very educational to read through the answers and identify some quantitative pattern based methods to judge credibility. I would like to suggest a different approach as well - I have taught a course on news and journalism from the perspective of anthropology and media/cultural studies and it brings a more qualitative and critical perspective to the discussion. The question "How do we evaluate credibility?" was one of the guiding themes of my seminar. I had my students read a variety of texts that focused on language use in news production, the political economy of news organizations, and the social impact of news from the perspectives of readership, professionalization, and the affects of news on local situations - ranging from local politics to collective violence. I am sharing some insights and texts from that class here.
I found that getting students to focus on what kinds of words are used to tell stories help them to unpack biases and prejudices that we might otherwise be blind to - so John Hartley's Understand News is a great text for learning how to be critical of news discourse. Credibility and telling the 'whole story' relies a great deal on the creation of 'us' and 'them' binaries - which shift depending on whose perspective you are analyzing the situation from. For this, Amahl Bishara's book on Palestinian stringers who work anonymously and without credit for major US and international news agencies like the NYTimes is a fascinating read. Zeynep Gursel's work on the images in news is also great for this line of thinking. Pierre Bourdieu's essay on the notion of the field and specifically on the journalistic field and whether or not it is, or can ever be, an independent and autonomous entity free from politics or social bias is also a useful way to introduce students to the idea of how vested interests affect what goes into our news and how we read, watch, or listen to it. An oldie but a goodie is Gaye Tuchman's work on Making News - which is a sociological study of the news room and how 'facts' are created - not out of thin air, but how they are established as facts. Philip Schlesinger is another person whose work on the BBC, also from the 1970s if I am recalling correctly, takes on this line of investigation.
For my own reading, I tend to find more credible or convincing those pieces that try to cover multiple perspectives in a story, leaving us with more questions rather than a sense of closure. Stories that align themselves with a subaltern position, or are more likely to tell the less told side of the story are more likely to catch my attention, but even there, I pay attention to the words and imagery that a story conjures up, and for it to be credible it would have to be as fair as possible to multiple perspective, which is not the same as appealing to objectivity (Michael Schudson on the cult of objectivity and how it developed in US journalism is a great book), which often disguises deep-seated injustices and inequalities. This, of course, displays my political commitments, which is to be constantly critical of mainstream media, no matter what the credibility of particular organizations. 
Your question has really got me thinking more about how such a simple question can open up so many pedagogic and intellectual possibilities - so thank you again! I hope some of my thoughts on the question are helpful.
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hello all,i want to compare face to face communication with cyber communication with reference to their role regarding intimate health issues of women belonging to traditional societies like India and Pakistan. Kindly suggest the appropriate sampling technique.an urgent corporation will be appreciated.
note: Intimate issues refer to feminine hygiene, birth control, gynecological and  menstruation issues.
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I've done a study analyzing online forum discussions. My focus was rare genetic diseases, but this methodology would apply here as well.
I would suggest a mixed-method study. First, conduct in-depth interviews to ask women about their sensitivity toward an issue or issues you are researching, and also if they would ask more questions online than in face-to-face conversations. Next, collect data from online discussions and analyze what questions actually do get asked. I would strongly recommend going through an ethical review before collecting the data from online forums.
If any of your data are in English, I would be interested in collaborating with you on data analysis.
Here are some links to methodologies:
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Both for my bachelor thesis as my current line of research, I'm trying to develop a theory in which social media in a work-related context is key. As far as my current work goes, I'm theorizing that it can enhance, and ultimately replace most mid-level communication efforts by organizaitons.
This line of thought is relatively new with only about five published articles on this subject in 2014. Now, a year ahead, there are many many more articles on this subject. However, I found that a lot of research prior to 2014 was published that address this topic but with different terminology.
Work-related social media is described in my current work as:
This study proposes therefore that social media are internet based applications, that facilitate the consumption, creation and exchange of content, and enable real time, two-way communication between people, disregarding space-time barriers. Specifically, this study is interested in social media use in a work-related context (i.e. discussing of policies, collaborating on projects, socializing with colleagues), also known as work-related social media use.
My question then, is if any of you know of work that has studied similar concepts but under different names?
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HI Sander
we appear to be working in a similar area: my work is around the value of an intensive care virtual community - I have two publications and one conference presentation in my publications list.
I work in health which has always relied on a heavily bureaucratic top down approach to organisational communication. Additionally clinicians work in units which are isolated by work flows and are professionally isolated. This has led to many challenges, foremost of which is the significant delay in translation of evidence into practice and considerable variation in practice. Virtual communities transcend physical, temporal and professional isolation
Thanks for the ref Julia
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What does the construct mean?
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Very comprehensive and pragmatic answer, Wilson Truman Okaka!
You might also find interesting data and guidelines in research on territorial communication, brand nations, etc.
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Our company intends to participate in a European project MEDIA, we are looking for partnerships with european companies in the field of audio-visual.
The project involves the creation of an animation about security pointed to children between 11 and 14 years.
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i am not sure it's just the thing you need, but we work in the field of hearing aid adoptation using smartphones and Windows drivers. See www.petralex.pro
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Hello .
Thank you for reading my question.
Please can some one help me to find a likert scale for Social contagion (on virtual communities )
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Hi there,
I guess your are looking for a questionnaire on SC that uses Likert scale. If it is the case, a quick search on google will get you what you want. attached are three examples.
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One common way in which information goes viral through Web 2.0 media is through infographics.  I am looking for research that addresses representational differences in statistics, with a specific focus on infographics that use multiple representational forms.  
I also want to find research involving viral media learning, including interaction between knowledge, beliefs and identity.
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You might be interested in the following article (and the references therein) by some colleagues of mine
Gerard Smit, Yael de Haan, Laura Buijs
Working with or next to each other? Boundary crossing in the field of information visualisation
The Journal of Media innovations,
DOI: 10.5617/jmi.v1i2.875
Keywords
Data visualisation, infographics, information visualisation, multi-skilled journalists, newsroom studies
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My dissertation topic looks at how the media plays on people's emotions by amplifying extreme phobias of Islam. Linking to the 'Trojan Horse' Report in Birmingham.
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Hi, Michelle,
These might be useful:
Saeed, Amir. "Media, racism and Islamophobia: the representation of Islam and Muslims in the media." Sociology Compass 1.2 (2007): 443-462.
Thompson, P. M. Allen's Islamophobia and the British news media: a critical evaluation of Islamophobia as a concept and its application to the written news media in Britain between 2001 and 2008. Diss. University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2013.
Awan, Imran. "Operation ‘Trojan Horse’: Islamophobia or Extremism?." Political Insight 5.2 (2014): 38-39.
Rinella Cere and Barry Richard have also done work in the area of media and islamophobia work. I'm not sure whether the media are also mentioned in the Trojan Report too? At https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/birmingham-schools-education-commissioners-report?
Good luck Anita
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Any suggestion is highly appreciated. Thank you in advance
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Divine;
Answer to your question depends on what you want (your worldview, your ideology, your goals in studying audience). If you want to justify the media practices by saying that media give what people want or if you want to know the viewing habits and thoughts of audience so that you can help the media and advertising industries in their completion for mind and behavior management business, you have theoretical ranging from uses and gratifications to new versions of agenda setting. If you want  to save media industries from responsibility of the kind of junk that they produce and disseminate, you have, for instance, liberal-pluralist theories, reception theories, names like Fiske and Grossberg. If you want to know the audience preferences in terms of outcome of consciousness management done by media practices, I suggest you to prepare a critical rationale for your study and design either a survey research or an empirical study or qualitative study by using any of critical theory --excluding any theory that has "post" prefix in its name. If you want to know nature of media practices, forget about the audience and study media practices by using any critical theory, agenda setting part of agenda setting theory,  framing theory.
Good luck
irfan erdogan 
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Most media choice approaches come from computer and communications sciences. I would like to know approaches, theories and frameworks which match learning processes and media types. Do you know any?
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You also have various resources http://www.eduteka.org/
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I have been asked to write an article on this topic. I welcome any suggestions. The date to complete this article is March 2014.
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Through their music. You can state any position in rap music provided it has a regular rhythm and rhymes. No melody necessary, merely vigorous recitation.
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The general perception of most journalists is that in Freedom of Media there is no restriction. My belief is different in this regard. Want views of the Mass Media researchers here.
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Freedom of media does not negate social responsibility and accountability but unfortunately media gurus think that they are above all morality decency and accountability.Although we are signatory of UNESCO media rules and guidelines and PEMRA rules respectively,I endorse Sahifa by saying that morality,decency,responsibility and accountability are integral components of Media freedom.