Communicable Diseases - Science topic

In this study, an integer-order rabies model is converted into the fractional-order epidemic model. To this end, the Caputo fractional-order derivatives are plugged in place of the classical derivatives. The positivity and boundedness of the fractional-order mathematical model is investigated by applying Laplace transformation and its inversion. To...

Background In January 2020, Ballad Health instituted the American College of Gastroenterology recommended algorithm for CDI diagnosis consisting of a reflex toxin confirmation post positive C. difficile PCR result. The study was designed to assess how the addition of the toxin confirmation impacted management of CDI in the inpatient setting. Metho...

Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality for which prior analyses and validated scoring tools have attempted to stratify risk. This study investigated institutional and epidemiologic predictors of mortality with Gram-negative BSIs to better identify targeted antimicrobial stewardship efforts to improve ou...

Background Gender inequities in promotion within academic medicine, including academic infectious diseases (ID), are well-documented. Effective mentorship is a key component of career advancement and data show that same-gender mentorship can be valuable for women junior faculty learning to navigate academia. We compared the gender, bibliometrics, a...

Background Abstract: Background Adherence to therapeutic guidelines is crucial when treating pneumonia, as it reduces mortality rate, length of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic therapy. However, the high non-adherence rate to treatment guidelines, in general, and Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, are still reported gl...

Background Infectious disease (ID) training is essential to the education of internal medicine residents and has traditionally occurred on inpatient rotations focused on hospitalized patients. However, these rotations offer limited experience with infectious diseases managed in the outpatient setting. Furthermore, inpatient rotations expose residen...

Background Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be highly resistant organisms resulting in prolonged hospitalizations or the requirement of outpatient parenteral antibiotics. The Infectious Disease Society of America recommends a single dose of an aminoglycoside for uncomplicated cystitis caused by...

Background T/C authorization in the US for PrEP of COVID-19 in IC individuals was initially based on a randomized trial (PROVENT). However, < 5% of enrollees in PROVENT were IC. We sought to assess real-world effectiveness of T/C PrEP among IC pts. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational, propensity-score matched cohort study at UPMC f...

Background Weight gain associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) has been well documented among patients with HIV. However, recent reports suggest that the observed weight gain among patients who switch to INSTIs may be associated in part with their pre-switch regimen. Methods We conducted retrospective analyses of a 50% sample...

Background Oral abstract presentations (OAP) at national meetings are high visibility opportunities. However, there has not been a formal process for coaching presenters and providing feedback at IDWeek. We led a pilot project pairing ID-trained medical educators with OA presenters for feedback prior to and at IDWeek. Methods A link in IDWeek 2022...

Background Pharmacy students often struggle transitioning from the didactic to experiential setting, primarily due to the lack of live clinical interaction. A didactic infectious diseases case-based elective was designed to implement this concept (using volunteer preceptors) to create rotation-ready students. The purpose of this project is to evalu...

Background Social media is increasingly being used among Infectious Disease (ID) programs. It can be a valuable recruitment tool in addition to providing education, self-promotion, and increasing collaborations across the ID community. We sought to analyze factors associated with increased engagement for our ID fellowship program’s Twitter account....

Background Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide. Most active TB cases result from reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). A large reservoir of latent TB is a major public health problem worldwide and in the United States. A better understanding of provider perspectives on LTBI co...

Background Optimal dosing of daptomycin (DAP) in pediatric patients has not been elucidated in clinical practice. This study was conducted to examine DAP exposures achieved with package label dosing (PLD) and identify dosing regimens necessary to optimize efficacy and mitigate toxicity in pediatric patients being treated for Staphylococcus aureus b...

Background Immunity from natural infection and vaccination (hybrid) may provide more durable SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses; whether this increases durability of maternally-derived antibody responses in infants is unknown. Methods Participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy (anti-nucleocapsid [anti-N] IgG+ on enrollment or prior RT-PC...

Background Since the COVID-19 pandemic, national vaccination rates show a dangerous decline with Detroit being amongst the lowest with only 41.3% of adolescents completing the vaccine series. The Vaccine Ambassador program was created to mitigate the decline in vaccination rates through the education and empowerment of youth via train-the-trainer m...

Background Infectious disease clinical trials treatment outcomes have almost exclusively been dichotomized into cure and failure. The novel Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) method uses a hierarchical ordinal outcome of intervention outcomes. DOOR measures are more sensitive for detection of differences between groups compared to dichotomous o...

Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) outlines standards of care for patients with SAB known to positively impact morbidity and mortality, which have been validated in numerous studies within the adult population. However, there is...

Background Major educational goals of Infectious Diseases (ID) are to recruit more trainees into ID and promote good antimicrobial decision-making. National survey research (Bonura et al, 2016) revealed that ID curricula that deemphasize memorization are associated with greater odds of trainees entering the field of ID. As ID electives are not requ...

Background In 2016, Pakistan reported the first outbreak of an Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) typhoid showing susceptibility only to Meropenem and Azithromycin which created a treatment dilemma and raised concerns not only in developing countries but also globally. In this study, we compared the medical trends and economic burden of XDR typhoid w...

Background Despite recent literature supporting non-inferiority of oral therapy, many patients are treated with traditional extended intravenous (IV) antimicrobial courses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of infectious disease (ID) specialists on utilizing oral antimicrobials (PO-A) for the treatment of bone and joint infe...

Background Vaccine preventable diseases and reactivation of latent infections occur commonly post-solid organ transplant and can result in severe infections. Vaccination and screening for latent infections in the pre-transplant period are important tools to mitigate this risk. Previous studies have shown that, despite guidelines, vaccine uptake in...

Background Rashes are common among patients with infections. A prior survey of United States adult infectious disease (ID) fellowship program directors showed that most respondents (55/90; 61%) do not have a formal dermatology curriculum for their fellows and 76% (41/54) were interested in incorporating an externally produced dermatology curriculum...

Background CORAL-CEPI (NCT05435027) is the first test of samRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the African population, under-represented in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies. Antibody transience is an issue with first generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This is a preliminary safety and immunogenicity report, showing durable IgG and neutralizing antibody (nAb) r...

Background For many common community infections shorter durations of therapy are equivalent to longer durations and can be completed in 7 days or less. There’s a growing need to target antibiotic prescribing at discharge and reduce total length of antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a transitions of care (...

Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has become a standard mechanism for delivery of antimicrobial regimens over a prolonged period in a non-acute care setting. Adverse drug reactions, vascular access device complications, and unscheduled healthcare use have been attributable to OPAT. Existing literature suggests OPAT error...

Background The archived Antimicrobial Stewardship Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America outline core members of the multidisciplinary team including an infectious diseases trained clinical pharmacist. Evidence exploring impact of infectious diseases (ID) training on a clinical pharmacist's ability to provide effective stewardsh...

Background Twitter has become an invaluable resource for gaining insights into crucial developments in global healthcare communication. The hashtags (#) can be used to categorize tweets and gather conversations on a specific topic or to target a particular audience. Although the prevailing knowledge fund underlines the potential of digital networks...

Background Antimicrobial prescription audits were often carried out to reduce the overuse of antibiotics. Usually, audits were performed over periodical intervals. Daily antibiotics audits were time consuming and labour intensive. Though it"s practically impossible, we tried. However, we conducted this audit over a three-month period as daily audit...

Background Unnecessary treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is an important target for antimicrobial stewardship efforts. However, patients with urine colony counts <105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL or no growth are often excluded due to not meeting the definition of bacteriuria. We evaluated inappropriate treatment among patients without u...

Background There is limited data on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use and persistence in the military. Despite universal access to care, there is concern that PrEP persistence may be lower in military populations due to frequent deployments, need for relocations, and perceived stigma. This study evaluated the persiste...

Background The Serious Communicable Diseases Unit (SCDU) at Emory University Hospital (EUH) is a special pathogen treatment biocontainment unit. Medical care is led by Infectious Disease (ID) specialists with an interdisciplinary group of nurses, infection preventionists, laboratorians, and consultants. In the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbrea...

Background The 2020 guidelines for the monitoring of vancomycin emphasize the importance of timely assessment of AUC24 for both efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. However, real-world data supporting the feasibility of vancomycin AUC24 in pediatric patients using first-order equations is lacking. Methods This is a single-center, retrospecti...

Background Over-prescribing of antibiotics for suspected acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections (abLRTI) is prevalent. A classification model that can identify instances when antibiotics should be initiated or withheld was previously developed with promising results (80% accuracy). This, however, was based on a retrospective dataset. We...

Background Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is frequently ordered in hospitalized patients for latent tuberculosis (TB) screening. Health care workers must be cautioned that acute and critical illness exert a significant effect on IGRA performance, so delaying screening to the outpatient setting is preferred if feasible. When active TB is susp...

The World Health Organization has recently urged all countries to prioritize antimicrobial resistance surveillance for selected organisms including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). We conducted a mixed-methods cross-sectional study with both quantitative and qualitative components using GERMS-SA enhanced CRE national surveillance at fou...

Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Effective management of SAB significantly improves outcome. There is significant gap in the guidelines and clinical practice. This survey was conducted with aim to assess opinions and practice patterns in management of SAB among In...

Background Candidemia is associated with high mortality rates in the United States. In 2016, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) provided recommendations for the management of candidemia in hospitalized patients. However, there may be further benefit with the addition of an Infectious Diseases consultation (IDC) in patients with candi...

Background The management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is complex and involves interdisciplinary care across multiple medical specialties. As a result of this complexity, patients with CHB often do not receive adequate monitoring including HCC surveillance with abdominal ultrasonography (AUS). Previous studies have identified multiple...

Background Although SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies protect against severe COVID-19, whether circulating IgG titres reflect underlying host capacity to neutralise wild type (WT) and variants of concern (VOC) and what IgG threshold reflects sufficient neutralising capacity remains unclear. Methods In plasma from individuals in the All Ireland In...

Background Although clinical applications of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests during the COVID-19 pandemic were limited to identifying recent/prior infection, how these tests were used for clinical management of COVID-19 patients is unknown. We consider US infectious disease (ID) physicians’ perceptions about SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests to inform preparedne...

Background Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) is a major infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is occurring predominantly in the elderly and those with co-morbidities. To guide policymakers about prevention strategies it is essential to understand the disease occurrence in the population. In the context of the Vaccines and InfecTious D...

Background Failure to follow proper guidelines can lead to inappropriate Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) testing in pediatric patients, resulting in incorrect diagnoses and antibiotic overuse. The Infectious Diseases Society of America and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America recommend a 2-step testing algorithm incorporating res...

Background People with obesity are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, with host inflammation a key contributor. Interferon (IFN) lambda 4 (IFNλ4) is a type III IFN expressed in individuals with the rs368234815-ΔG single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which is implicated in host immune responses to viral infections. We explored associations of thi...

Background Foot infections are a common and serious complication in people with diabetes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has traditionally been considered a common pathogen in diabetic foot infections (DFI). However, newer data has not found this to be true in clinical practice. In addition, the 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for DFI...

Background Obtaining follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) to document clearance of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI) is controversial. In a historical cohort (2002-2015), we previously showed that obtaining FUBC was associated with decreased mortality. However, it is unclear if this result is applicable to present-day patients given changes...

Background Infectious disease (ID) clinicians are often identified to lead infection prevention and control (IPC)/healthcare epidemiology (HE) programs, however, there is no standardized training in fellowship for this role. The most recent survey of ID fellows in 2001 found that only 51% of graduates reported adequate training in IPC/HE. Despite t...

Background In 2020, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) published clinical practice guidance recommending up-front treatment with an IV carbapenem for severe infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (EB).1 This single-center, observational study sought to optimize adherence to IDSA guidance throu...

Background To promote appropriate antimicrobial use, resident physicians’ understanding of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is essential. While infectious disease (ID) physicians are expected to play a leading role in AS education, data are limited for the impact of ID physicians’ involvement. We aimed to evaluate the impact of direct interaction wit...

Background In this paper, we report the descriptive, epidemiological, virologic and clinical features of the response to the investigational antiviral Tecovirimat, during the last Human Monkeypox outbreak in New City. Methods This is a retrospective observational study, based on data obtained from a convenient sample of patients evaluated for monk...

Background Interdisciplinary care of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is associated with nearly 40% reduction in major (above ankle) amputations. We developed a curriculum emphasizing interprofessional collaboration (IPC) between Infectious Disease (ID) fellows and Podiatry residents in the care of veterans with DFUs. Methods The curriculum was deliver...

Background For uUTI, Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend empiric treatment (Tx) based on clinical presentation and patient (pt) factors (including age, allergies, drug resistance, recurrence history). This study aimed to understand the decision- making process among clinicians treating pts with uUTI. Methods US clini...

Background 90% of patients who report a penicillin allergy are not truly allergic and can safely receive penicillins. Patients labeled as “penicillin allergic” are more likely to receive non-beta lactam antibiotics and suffer worse clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to quantify the rate of missed opportunities for penicillin allergy de-labe...

Background Clinical trials evaluating antiretroviral therapy (ARV) often exclude pregnant women, delaying the accumulation of safety data in pregnancy, and use of newer ARVs in women of reproductive age. The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) is the largest international exposure registry of ARV use in pregnancy, but only 0.5% of reports come...

Background Hospitals commonly use automated blood culture incubation systems that provide continuous monitoring for routine blood cultures. Detecting microorganisms early on can help optimize the utilization of antibiotics (ABx) and enable clinicians to de-escalate or discontinue ABx as necessary, making it an important aspect of antimicrobial stew...

Background Disease surveillance is crucial for timely detection and control of diseases. In Brazil, mandatory disease notification is required through the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of disease burden and patterns in Brazil, a representative region of South America and other dev...

Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) leverages the expertise of a multidisciplinary Infectious Diseases (ID) team to provide antimicrobial therapy at home in a safe and cost-effective manner. To reduce adverse events (AE) and hospitalizations among patients receiving OPAT, we implemented two initiatives: early care coordina...

Background Staying apprised of the scientific literature can be a challenge for health science researchers and clinical practitioners alike [1, 2]. Journal surveillance is a popular modality for disseminating curated topic-specific health science research in a scheduled newsletter. The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Journal Watch is a promi...

Background Hospitalized patients are frequently discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) for parenteral antibiotic therapy (PAT). While there are studies describing the healthcare utilization and outcomes of individuals receiving post-hospital PAT in non-institutional settings, characterization of the PAT experience among SNF patients remains...

Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) provides an effective and convenient means to complete extended courses of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of serious infections. There is scant data addressing OPAT related outcomes such as readmission in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods In this observational co...

Background Oral fosfomycin tromethamine is considered a first-line agent for the treatment of uncomplicated acute cystitis in women according to the national Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guideline. However, non-E. coli Enterobacterales urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens exhibit higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) fo...

Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) discharges at University of Colorado Hospital (UCH) are not standardized and require a highly coordinated, multidisciplinary approach. Discrepancies and omissions on the discharge medication list have led to near miss and patient harm events during transitions of care including missed do...

Background Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are the 3rd most common infectious disease treated in the Emergency Department (ED). Observational studies have shown poor adherence to IDSA guidelines in the ED. While there are numerous descriptive studies of guideline-discordant antibiotic treatment for SSTI in the ED, less is known about the imp...

Background As daptomycin (DAP) CL does not scale proportionally with weight, fixed-dose DAP has been proposed to optimize efficacy and mitigate toxicity. This study evaluated systemic exposure of a fixed dose (750 mg) of DAP in patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections. Methods Adult non-ICU patients with CrCl ≥ 30 mL/min admitted to our acad...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic showed that infection prevention and control (IPC) human resources are critical and are stretched in prolonged crisis. There has also been a shift from experienced infection preventionists (IPs) during the pandemic and natural attrition to a less experienced cohort. Medical Director (MD) oversight of IPC programs is...

Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has long been utilized to treat infectious conditions in the outpatient setting, particularly for those conditions requiring prolonged courses of antimicrobials. It is well-known that follow-up with Infectious Diseases can reduce hospital readmission. However, factors associated with los...

Background Fellowship accreditation is crucial to ensure adequate clinical education for physicians in training, yet there is limited data on use of accreditation survey results for program quality improvement. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) administers annual surveys to trainees and core faculty to monitor educati...

Background The influence of social media on medical education has been demonstrated by multiple meta-analyses, highlighting the important role of this medium in the medical community. Within the realm of available platforms, Twitter plays a major role. The goal of this project was to create an account to propagate medical content and attract learne...

Background Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are considered an urgent public health threat responsible for causing severe infections with high associated mortality. CRAB isolates are often resistant to several antibiotic classes thereby limiting treatment options. Eravacycline is a novel tetracycline antibiotic with potent in vitr...

Background Automated text message service reminders have been shown to increase show-up rates in outpatient practices. Furthermore, automated telephone call service reminders also decrease the no-show rates; however, no-show rates have decreased even further when telephone call reminders were done by health-care personnel. We sought to demonstrate...

Background Educators identify case tracking (following-up prior patient encounters) as a valued practice to cultivate physician expertise. Much of the existing research has focused on the practices of general medicine providers, where challenges include insufficient time and difficulty tracking patients in the electronic health record (EHR). Subspe...

Background Guidelines recommend the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for all adults through age 26, shared clinical decision-making for those aged 27 through 45 years who are inadequately vaccinated, and for all people with HIV up to age 45 years. The intent of this study is to evaluate HPV vaccination rates at the HIV Outpatient Program (HOP) at...

Background Advances in artificial intelligence have the potential to impact medical fields, including the use of natural language processing-based models, such as ChatGPT. The ability of the ChatGPT to provide insightful responses across diverse fields of expertise could assist in medical decision-making and knowledge management processes. ChatGPT...

Background HIV knowledge and prevention strategies, like PrEP/PEP is a core element in current medical practice but represents a challenge for medical students’ curricula. In countries like Dominican Republic (DR), the stigma towards HIV infection restricts the delivery of HIV related information to the general population. Our study aims to underst...

Background Odontogenic infections cause 2.2 million emergency department (ED) visits annually. Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are frequently consulted and recommend source control procedures by oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). However, patients are often instructed to follow-up outpatient which may be difficult due to social determinants...

Background Infectious diseases physicians invest significant time mentoring medical students and internal medicine residents developing research projects as well as writing case reports. The impact of research or case reports on future application to infectious diseases fellowship is unknown. Methods All research projects and case reports publishe...

Background The development of new antibiotics is a critical public health need, as antibiotic-resistant infections are responsible for tens of thousands of deaths each year in the U.S. In response, the QIDP (Qualified Infectious Disease Product) designation was established by the FDA under the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) Act in 2012...

Background The paper focuses on the accessibility of COVID-19 services to forced migrants in selected countries in West Africa. The selected countries are Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Nigeria. The work is also focused on the risk of forced migrants to the contraction of the COVID-19; and the integration of forced migrants into COVID-19 national re...

In recent years, new antimicrobials have been introduced in therapeutics, including new beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol in response to therapeutic needs in the face of increasing resistance. There are also different treatment guidelines for infections caused by these microorganisms that have been approved by differ...

Objective: To combat the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020-2022, the Indonesian Government may use legal politics. Due to this, its legal politics should adhere to the philosophical, sociological, and juridical foundations outlined in Indonesia's health laws and regulations. Method: Literature reviews were conducted throughout this article to research and...

In recent decades, the global demographic landscape has undergone a discernible shift that has been characterised by a progressive increase in the proportion of elderly individuals, indicative of an enduring global inclination toward extended lifespans. The aging process, accompanied by physiological changes and dietary patterns, contributes to det...

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the necessity for rapid contact tracing as a means to effectively suppress the spread of infectious diseases. Existing contact tracing methods leverage location-based or distance-based detection to identify contact with a confirmed patient. Existing contact tracing methods have encountered challenges in practic...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (bacillus), which can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. A species of considerable medical importance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multi-antibiotic-resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its associati...

Forcibly displaced populations are among the most vulnerable groups in disasters. They experience poorer health conditions compared with nondisplaced individuals. However, a clear picture is lacking regarding the overall health problems encountered by disaster-induced mid- to long-term displaced people. This study investigated these disorders preva...

Background: Infectious disease is a significant public health concern in both industrialized and poor countries. Infectious diseases cause huge population losses in India each year. Among infectious diseases, TB is the leading cause of death in both children and adults worldwide. Despite the fact that the causal organism was discovered more than 10...

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an invasive fungal infection (IFI) that occurs mainly in immunocompromised hosts. After observing a high prevalence of PJP as a complication of COVID-19 in immunocompetent patients, we conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization with PCR on oral washing samples (OWS...

Issues related to waste do not only occur in urban environments. Coastal areas are also not free from issues related to waste. Not only rubbish from the local community but rubbish from tourists also contributes to the large amount of trash in coastal areas. Waste that is not appropriately managed in the environment can be a source of disease. For...

Background and objectives: One of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which is linked to significant morbidity and high mortality. It is well recognized that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive people are more likely to develop EPTB, including TBM, especially if they have severe immun...

Background: Migrants, mainly undocumented and low-income refugees, are at high risk of HCV infection, but are a difficult-to-reach and to-treat population. The aim of the study was to identify a elimination model for HCV infection in these undocumented migrants and low-income refugees living southern Italy. Methods: a prospective, multicenter, coll...

Civil aviation transport is an important source of global respiratory disease spread due to the closely-spaced environment. In order to reduce the probability of infection of passengers, an improved Wells-Riley model for cabin passenger risk assessment have been given in this work, the cabin ventilation and passenger nose and mouth orientation were...

Background: A link between inflammation and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 disease has been suggested pathophysiologically and clinically. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammation and disease outcomes in adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients with VTE. Methods: This was a retrospective observational s...